Izikeleza ezakhiwe njengamazinyo zine, mhlawumbe enye yezindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu zokuvikela. Lokhu “ishelufu” lesitha ngegazi elikhishwe emehlweni. Uyithanda kanjani? Ngokubona kwami, i-creepy encane.
I-Toad Lizard noma i-Phrynosoma (ngesiLatini: Izikhala ezinezimpondo, i-Blood squirting Lizard)
Sekukonke kunezinhlobo eziyi-16 zalezi zibungu ezingomndeni wama-iguanas, futhi okungenani ezine kuzo ziyakwazi "ukudubula" kanjalo.
Izibungu ezibunjiwe njengezandla. Awucabangi yini ukuthi igama elinjalo elithi "amphibian" ngandlela thile alihambelani kahle nomfanekiso wale ndawo yezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Isizathu sokuthi kungani siqanjwe kanjalo, uzofunda kungekudala.
UFrinosomes yizibankwa ezincane (kuze kube ngamasentimitha ayi-13) ngomzimba omfushane we-disc, nomsila omfishane nekhanda elingabonakali, elivikelwe ukuphuma kwesikhathi eside - “izimpondo”.
Imizimba yabo yonke imbozwe ngezikali ezinzima zamasayizi ahlukahlukene. Kwezinye zazo, ama-tubercle akhombe noma ama-tipics amafushane atholakalayo. Ukuqagela okude kakhulu futhi okubukhali kutholakala emsileni. Uchungechunge lwamazinyo angunxantathu nawo agijima kuwo wonke umngcele phakathi komhlane nesisu. Amayunifomu anjalo anika ibhungane ukubukeka okunamandla.
Amazinyo emaphethelweni omzimba
Umbala wazo uncike endaweni yokuhlala futhi uvame ukunqunywa umbala wenhlabathi. Ngakho-ke, ezinye izinhlobo zinombala okhanyayo, ezinye - ezimnyama, ezinsundu, njll.
Umbala okhanyayo Umbala onsundu okhanyayo
Kuyo yonke inkathi yokuphila kwabo, izibankwa ezibunjiwe njengamachwane zithuthukise izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuvikela - zisuka kokulula ukuya kwezinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi engaba khona, bavele batheleke futhi bazame ukuhlangana nemvelo. Uma le ndlela ingasebenzi, izibankwakazi ziqala ukuhamba ngamatshe amafushane amiswa ngokungazelelwe. Uma lokhu kungasebenzi, ama-phrinosomes akhuphuka aphezulu emilenzeni futhi afake imizimba yawo, anda ngosayizi cishe kabili. Njengama-Toads noma amasele. Ngakho-ke igama labo lahamba - elimise amasele.
Isigcwagcwa esinezimbali
Uma umhlaseli engesabi ukuthi i-lizard ithatha izinyathelo ezinqala, iqala ukudubula igazi emehlweni ayo. "Ukudubula" okunjalo kutholakala ngokuvimba ukuphuma kwegazi kusuka ekhanda. Ngenxa yomfutho wegazi ophakeme ekhanda, ama-capillaries aqhuma azungeze izinkophe. Lapho-ke i-lizard iconsa izicubu ezithile zomzimba, bese kuthi ukuphuma kwegazi ngaphansi kwengcindezi kuphume iso. Ukuguquka kwesimo okunjalo kuyadida umhlaseli kanti ngenkathi eqaphela okwenzekile, ibhungane liphunyuka ngokushesha enkundleni yezempi.
AmaFinosomes asatshalaliswa endaweni ebanzi - ukusuka eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeCanada kuya eGuatemala, iningi lawo lihlala eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-United States naseMexico. Lezi izakhamizi zase-semi-ugwadule kanye nethala. Zitholakala emhlabathini onesihlabathi nasendaweni enamadwala. Ezinye izinhlobo zihlala ezintabeni, endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-3500 ngaphezu kolwandle.
Badla izinambuzane nezicabucabu. Izintuthwane zingukudla kwazo okumnandi.
Ngesikhathi sokuzala - Ephreli-Juni - insikazi ibekela amaqanda afinyelela kwangama-37 ngezingcingo ezimbalwa. Ngemuva kwenyanga, kuvela izibungu ezingama-3-5 cm, esezimele ngokuphelele. Abachithi sikhathi ngeze, futhi, belandela imvelo yangaphakathi, baqala ukuzingcwaba esihlabathini esikhululekile ukucasha kwabazidlayo.
Ukungcwatshwa Isilokazana esincane I-Toad Lizard noma i-Phrynosoma (ngesiLatini: Izikhala ezinezimpondo, i-Blood squirting Lizard)
Incazelo
"Izinyembezi ezinegazi", ukubukeka okungajwayelekile - kubonga iziphiwo zezinyamazane zohlobo lwe-Phrynosoma asio zaba izinkanyezi zangempela zanoma iyiphi i-zoo noma umbukiso wezilwane ezixakile. Ngaphezu kokubukeka kwayo okumangazayo, izibankwakazi ezakhiwe njengobumba akunzima ukuzigcina. Zithambeka kalula, azilwi nezihlobo zazo, ezivumela ukuthi zigcinwe ngamaqembu.
Umlando wobudlelwano obuphakathi kwabantu nezikhonkwane zohlobo lwePhrynosoma unemvelaphi yakudala. Uhlobo lwe-Phrynosoma asio lwaqala wachazwa kuphela ngonyaka we-1864. Kodwa-ke, abavubukuli bathola ubufakazi bezamasiko abo asendulo aseMelika aseMelika angaphambi kokuba uColumbian Anasazi, Hohokam, Mogollon kanye neMimbreno (akhona ikakhulukazi eningizimu-ntshonalanga yensimu yanamuhla ye-USA neMexico) enezithombe zabantu abathile bohlobo lwePrynosoma ku-ceramics, imidwebo yomhume ngisho nemali. Namuhla, amasiko amaningi aseMexico abheka lezi zibankwa zingcwele futhi akholelwa ukuthi zingaphola. EMexico, abahlali bendawo bade banikeza isilunguzi sabo esenziwe njengobuhlalu isibongo sabo ngokuthi “torito de la Virgen”, ngesiSpain ngokwezwi nezwi sisho ukuthi “igogo leNkosazana”.
Ngaphandle, izibankwa ezakhiwe njengama-toad zihlukile kunabo bonke abazalwa nabo. Phakathi kwabantu abathile bohlobo lwePhrynosoma, izibankwa zezinhlobo u-P. Asio zinkulu kakhulu. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi babizwa nangokuthi izibankwa ezinkulu ezinophondo olunamandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abathile balezi zinhlobo banomzimba omncane kakhulu futhi bafana kakhulu nezikhala ezivamile kunezihlobo zabo. Imiphetho yesisu sesisu ihlotshiswe ngemigqa emibili yama-spikes, okuyindawo ephuma phambili yesikali. Futhi, imigqa emithathu yezikali ezinkulu ezibukhali ezibunjiwe zitholakala eduze kwesidumbu, izikali ezingaba ngu-30 kuya ku-30 zibekwe esifundeni sengxenye ebanzi kakhulu yomzimba wesigcikwane, kepha "izimpondo" ekhanda lesigcila ziyinqubo yamathambo.
Umbala we-lizard elikhulu elinophondo luxhomeke esifundeni sendawo futhi uthatha umbala wesimo sendawo, ngoba lolu hlobo lwe-camouflage ukuze luvikele ezitheni. Abanye abantu abahlala ikakhulu ezindaweni ezinesihlabathi bangaba nombala okhanyayo, kuyilapho abantu abathile abahlala phakathi kwenhlabathi emnyama noma ebomvu bethola umbala wemithunzi efanayo.
Ubukhulu baleli bhungane ukusuka esiqongweni sekhaleni kuya esiqongweni somsila buphakathi kuka-202 mm, kanti ubude bomzimba ngaphandle komsila bucishe bube ngu-115 mm. Lolu hlobo lunomsila omfushane kakhulu kunamaqhude ezinye izinhlobo.
Isilinganiso sokuphila isikhathi eside sokudingiswa yiminyaka eyi-12 kuya kweyi-13.
Umsuka nendawo yokuhlala emvelweni
Izinhlobo Phrynosoma asio zabelwa uhlobo lwePhrynosoma (izibankwakazi ezibunjiwe) zomndeni uPrynosomatidae wesigatshana u-Iguania (iguanaceae). Ngo-1828, uhlobo lwathola igama elisemthethweni lesayensi uPrynosoma, elihunyushwa lisuselwa esiGrekini ngokuthi “phrynos” lisho ukuthi “toad” nelithi “soma” lisho “umzimba”.
Indawo yokuhlala yezinhlobo inwebelana ngasogwini oluseningizimu yoLwandle iPacific lwaseMexico isuka esifundeni saseColima idabula ogwini lwaseMichoacan, eGuerrero, e-Oaxaca kuye eChiapas, kanye nasegodini lomfula iBalsas. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani lezinhlobo lalotshwa eGuatemala. Izinhlobo zihlala zombili ezingeni lolwandle nasendaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-750 ngaphezu kolwandle.
I-biotope yezinhlobo iqukethe ama-savannah, amahlathi omile, kwesinye isikhathi amathanga aseceleni komgwaqo, kanye nomhlaba wezolimo.
Indlela yokuphila
I-Phrynosoma asio iphila impilo yasemhlabeni. Ngezinsuku ezishisayo zasehlobo, izibankwa ziyasebenza ngesikhathi sobusuku sosuku, ezikhathini ezingashisi kakhulu, futhi entwasahlobo nasekwindla zihola kakhulu ezindleleni zokuphila zasemini.
Ucwaningo selukhombisile ukuthi izibankwa ezinjengezinyawo ezifuywayo zithambekele ekudleni kwamaqembu, lapho kwaphethwa khona ngokuthi ngokwemvelo zihlala ngamaqembu.
Lezi ezihubhayo azinazindlela ezithile zokuzingela; zimane zithande ukuhlala ezidlekeni kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezintuthwane, ngoba ziyisisulu esiyinhloko seziziba ezibunjiweyo. Zithambekele ebugqilini bezintuthwane eziningi, ngenxa yalokho, ziqongelela ku-plasma yezinyamazane.
I-Phrynosoma asio isebenzisa izindlela eziningi zokuzivikela ezitheni: okokuqala, i-lizard iqina endaweni enganyakaziswayo yokuhlangana nomhlaba. Uma lokhu kungasizi, kuqala ukuhamba ngokushesha amabanga amafushane, bese ngema ngedlule ukudida umhlaseli. Futhi, le nhlobo iyakwazi ukuvuvukala cishe kabili, ukubukeka inobutha ngokwengeziwe futhi icindezelwe phansi emhlabathini, ukuze izinyamazane ezidlayo zingenawo amandla okubamba isibungu ngemihlathi yazo.
Futhi ezimweni lapho ingekho kulezi zindlela edonsela phansi isitha, isilokazana esakhiwe njengobumba likwazi ukusebenzisa ukuqina kwemisipha ezungeze amehlo ngaphansi kwengcindezi yokufafaza igazi kusuka ezinhlafunweni zemisebe liqhume ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu. Ukusabela okunjalo okuvikelayo akugcini nje ngokudida abahlaseli, kodwa futhi nobuthi bezintuthwane, okuqongeleleke ku-plasma yegazi yezilwane ezihuquzelayo, kusebenza kwezinye zazo (ikakhulukazi imijondolo) bese kuyesabisa.
Ebusika, abantu abathile bohlobo lwe-Phrynosoma asio hibernate (brumacia), bazingcwaba ngaphansi kwamaqabunga noma emhlabathini. Ngesikhathi hibernation, izibankwa azidli lutho, imisebenzi yazo ilinganiselwe, kwesinye isikhathi baphuza amanzi. Ngesikhathi se-hibernation (cishe izinyanga ezi-4 kusuka ngoNovemba kuya ku-Ephreli), abantu baphulukana cishe ne-10% yesisindo sabo.
Izimo zokuboshwa
Izikeleza ezimise okomhluzi zitholakala kakhulu emaqenjini ngokwesilinganiso sowesilisa no-2 besifazane.
ITerrarium: ngokugcina umuntu oyedwa noma ababili abadala, kuyadingeka ukuba ukhethe uhlobo lwetrabaum oluvundlile ngosayizi omncane ongu-70cm x 50cm x 50cm (ubude x ububanzi x ukuphakama). Ngokwenyuka kwenani labantu, usayizi we-terrarium kumele unyuswe ngo-10% ubude nobubanzi kumuntu ngamunye owengeziwe. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuphakama akubalulekile kangako, into esemqoka ukuthi ibanga ukusuka ku-substrate kuya ezintweni zokushisa alidluli ku-30 cm.
Isendlalelo: ubukhulu be-substrate ungqimba kufanele bube yi-10-15 cm. Ingxube yesihlabathi kanye nenhlabathi esilinganisweni sama-70% kuya kwangama-30% kuyisinqumo esihle njengomhlabathi weziqhude ezakhiwe njengobuhlalu. Kodwa-ke, isihlabathi asiluleki ukuba ukhethe kahle kakhulu ukuze singabhubhisi futhi singacasuli ulwelwesi lwe-mucous lwesinyamazane.
Ukushisa Okuqukethwe: lokushisa langemuva ngesikhathi sasemini kufanele kube ngu-23-25 ° C, kuthi ebusuku yehle ibe ngu-20-21 ° C. Lapho okushisa khona, umoya kufanele ufuthelwe ku-32 ° C. Kudingeka i-gradient lokushisa kuma-lizons abunjiwe njengamazinyo enqubo yezinto eziphilayo ezibizwa nge-thermoregulation.
Isibani: amahora okukhanya kwelanga ngesikhathi esishisayo (ngoMeyi kuya ku-Agasti) kufanele kube amahora angama-13, ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo (Mashi, Ephreli) kanye nasekwindla (September, Okthoba) - amahora ayi-11, kodwa ezinyangeni ezisele kuze kube ngamahora ayi-10. Njengokukhanya, izibani ze-fluorescent zifanelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amalambu e-UVB kumele abekwe ku-terrarium.
Ukugcina umswakama: ngesikhathi semvula (kusuka ngoMeyi kuya ku-Okthoba), izinga lomswakama kufanele libe ngu-70-80%. Isendlalelo ngalesi sikhathi kufanele sibe manzi, kepha hhayi simanzi. Ngesikhathi hibernation (kusuka ngoNovemba kuya ku-Ephreli), izinga lomswakama akufanele lidlule ama-40%, isikhathi sonke esilinganiselwe kufanele sibe ngu-50%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isitsha sokuphuza esinamanzi ahlanzekile kufanele sibekwe ku-terrarium, izinga lokushisa lawo akufanele lihle ngaphansi kwe-22-23 ° C.
Design: ukudala izimo zokuphila ezintofontofo ezihlala kahle kakhulu e-terrarium, izindonga zaso kufanele zivalwe ngomklamo okhethekile, engeza izindawo zokukhosela ezimbalwa. Ehlobo, izitshalo eziphilayo ezishisayo zasendaweni ezishisayo zizosiza ukugcina amazinga omswakama, kepha ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi azinobuthi ku-lizard. Ngesikhathi hibernation, lapho kubalulekile ukugcina izinga eliphansi lomswakama, kuyinto efiselekayo ukususa izitshalo kusuka ku-terrarium, ngakhoke izitshalo ezitshalwe emiphongolweni noma emifino yokufakelwa izoba yisisombululo esihle kakhulu.
Ukondliwa kwengqondo
Emvelweni, ama-frinosomes adla kakhulu izintuthwane, kepha uma zingekho, izibungu azenqabeli izigcawu, kanye nezinye izinambuzane ezihlangabezana nazo ngendlela yazo.
Ekuthunjweni, izibankwa ezakhiwe njengama-toad zidinga ukondliwa izintuthwane, amakhethini namakhefu, kanti izintuthwane kufanele zibe namandla ekudleni kwePhrynosoma asio. Izinhlobo zezintuthwane i-Pogonomyrmrex barbatus ne-Pogonomyrmrex rugosus ziyakhethwa lapho zidla izithongwane zezinqe. Kufanele babe khona ekudleni kwakhe nsuku zonke. Ngokushintshwa ekudleni, kwesinye isikhathi ungafaka i-Khrushchak kafulawa. Ukuhlaselwa akumele kudlule usayizi wekhanda lesigcwala.
Kuyadingeka ukondla abantu abathile bezinhlobo ze-Phrynosoma asio nsuku zonke, ngesikhathi esisebenza kakhulu - lokhu kungamahora asekuseni noma kusihlwa. Kungcono uma ukondla kuzokwenzeka ekuseni, cishe ihora ngemuva kokuqala kwamahora okukhanya kosuku, lapho isilokazana selivele selifudumele.
Ama-Vitamin kanye nezithako zemaminerali eziklanyelwe izirhubuluzi kufanele zengezwe ekudleni kabili ngesonto.
Ukuzala
Isikhathi sokukhwelana ezikhungweni eziklanywe njengobuhlalu kuqala ngemuva kwenkathi yemvula, lapho abantu bephuma befihliwe, befudumala elangeni bese behlisa umzimba. Lesi sikhathi siba ngoMeyi-Juni. Ngemuva kokuphumelela kokuzala, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-60-70, insikazi ibekela amaqanda angaba ngu-20, ayifaka engxenyeni efudumele endaweni efudumele kuze kube ngu-3 cm. Isikhathi sokufukamela sihlala cishe izinsuku ezingama-90-100 emazingeni okushisa angama-27-28 ° C.
Ngemuva kokuqashwa, izilwane ezincane kufanele zigcinwe eqenjini labantu abangadluli kwabane ukuze inqubo yokondla ibhekelwe. Njengesinyamazane, nikeza izintuthwane ezincane, kanye namakhethini amancane. Kuyadingeka ukondla ukukhula okuncane kabili ngosuku.
Izimemezelo.
Lapho kuthengiswa kwavela izicabucabu zasebukhosini zama-ruble ayi-1900.
Bhalisa nathi ku i-instagram uzokwamukela:
Uhlukile, akukaze kushicilelwe, izithombe namavidiyo ezilwane
Kusha ulwazi ngezilwane
Ithubaavivinye ulwazi lwakho emkhakheni wezilwane zasendle
Ithuba lokuwina amabhola, ngosizo ongakhokha ngalo kwiwebhusayithi yethu lapho ubathengela izilwane nempahla *
* Ukuze uthole amaphuzu, udinga ukusilandela ku-Instagram bese uphendula imibuzo esiyibuza ngaphansi kwezithombe namavidiyo. Noma ngubani ophendula kahle okokuqala uthola amaphuzu ayi-10, alingana nama-ruble ayi-10. Lawa maphuzu anqunyelwe isikhathi esingenamkhawulo. Ungazisebenzisa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi kuwebhusayithi yethu lapho uthenga noma yiziphi izimpahla. Kuvumelekile kusuka ku-03/11/2020
Siqoqa izicelo zabavuni be-uterine zabathengisi baka-Ephreli.
Lapho uthenga noma yiliphi ipulazi lezintuthwane kwiwebhusayithi yethu, noma ngubani ofisa, izintuthwane njengesipho.
Thengisa Acanthoscurria geniculata L7-8. Abesilisa nabesifazane kuma-ruble ayi-1000. Izitolo ezingama-ruble angama-500.
Ukusatshalaliswa kanye nokudla
Izikhala ezibunjiwe njengobuhlalu zidlangile endaweni enkulu - ukusuka eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeCanada kuya eGuatemala, iningi labo lihlala eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-United States naseMexico. Zihlala ogwadule abade kanye nethafa, futhi zitholakala emhlabathini onesihlabathi nasendaweni enamadwala. Ezinye izinhlobo zihlala ezintabeni, endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-3500 ngaphezu kolwandle. Lezi zibankwa zidla izinhlobonhlobo zezinambuzane nezicabucabu, ikakhulukazi njengezintuthwane.
Ukuziphatha kweHazard
Izibopho zezinja sebethuthukise izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuvikela - ukusuka kokulula kuya kokuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi engaba khona, bavele batheleke futhi bazame ukuhlangana nemvelo, okukubi kuye ngenxa yombala wabo ovikelayo. Uma le ndlela ingasebenzi, izibankwakazi ziqala ukuhamba ngamatshe amafushane amiswa ngokungazelelwe. Uma lokhu kungasebenzi, ama-phrenosomes akhuphuka phezulu emilenzeni, agxilise imizimba yawo bese eshaya izikali ze-dorsal, aze acishe abe makhulu kakhudlwana. Kuyaziwa ukuthi uhlobo olufanayo lokuziphatha luphawula ubuhlalu - yingakho igama lalezi zibankwa - elakhiwe ngamasele. Uma umhlaseli engamesabi, ibabazi lithatha izinyathelo ezibucayi - liqala ukudubula igazi emehlweni alo. "Ukudubula" okunjalo kutholakala ngokuvimba ukuphuma kwegazi kusuka ekhanda. Ngenxa yomfutho wegazi ophakeme ekhanda, ama-capillaries aqhuma azungeze izinkophe. Lapho-ke i-lizard iconsa izicubu ezithile zomzimba, bese kuthi ukuphuma kwegazi ngaphansi kwengcindezi kuphume iso. Kumhlaseli, ukuguquka kwemicimbi okunjalo kudida umdlwenguli, futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunambitheka kwegazi lesigcini akumnandi kumakati nezinja (yize kungathinti izinyoni ezidla inyama). Lapho umhlaseli eqaphela okwenzekile, ibhungane liphunyuka ngokushesha enkundleni yezempi. Noma kunjalo, uma umhlaseli ebamba nayo futhi izama ukuyibamba, khona-ke ukuze igweme ukubanjwa yinhloko noma intamo, izibankwa ezakhiwe njengobumba ziyagoba noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ziphakamise amakhanda azo ngendlela yokuthi ziqondise imisebe yazo yangaphansi noma emuva. Uma inyamazane izama ukubamba isidumbu ngumzimba, icindezela uhlangothi oluhambisanayo lomzimba phansi, ingawuvumeli ukuba alethe umhlathi ophansi ngaphansi kwawo. Namanje izibankwa ezakhiwe njengobuhlalu zingcwatshwa emhlabathini. Emhlabathini onesihlabathi, a ... akhanda amakhanda awo esihlabathini. Uma inhlabathi iqine, ibhungane licindezelwa ngokumelene nalo, bese lisuka ngapha nangapha, lihube umhlaba ngomphetho womzimba walo bese liwaphosa emhlane. Futhi ngemuva kwesikhashana uzala ngokuphelele.
Ukuzala
Ngesikhathi sokuzala - Ephreli-Juni - abesifazane izinzipho zezinqe kwizingcingo ezimbalwa zibeka amaqanda angama-40. Ngemuva kwenyanga, kuvela izibungu ezingama-3-5 cm, esezimele ngokuphelele. Abachithi sikhathi ngeze, futhi, belandela imvelo engokwemvelo, baqale ukuzingcwaba esihlabathini esikhululekile ukucasha kwabazidlayo.