Inyoka yamanzi inyoka ejwayelekile, evame ukutholakala ezindaweni eziseningizimu nesifunda seVolga. Yize kunjalo, eSamara, eSaratov nase-Ulyanovsk reg. kubhalwe eNcwadini ebomvu. Lolu hlobo luphila ngokuphelele igama laso, luphila ikakhulukazi eduze kwamanzi. Ihluke kokujwayelekile ngokungatholakali kwamabala aphuzi emathempelini nofaka imibala (yize kunyibilika phakathi kwabo). Esifundeni sase-Astrakhan, ibizwa nge- "chess" (ekuhumusheni igama elithi lychyn igama lakhona elithi chess) ngenxa yokufakwa imibala. Futhi kuyaziwa ukuthi le inyoka enobuthi kunayo yonke, i-inyoka eyinyoka nephupho, kusukela ekukulume kwayo ukufa khona manjalo.

IKazakhstan, isifunda saseMangistau, ugu loLwandle lweCaspian, eduze kwalesi sigodi. I-Kyzylosen Angikaze ngibone izinyoka zamanzi eziningi kangaka. Ugu laphaya lwakhiwa ngamapuleti wemvelaphi yendalo (angazi ukuthi abizwa ngokuthini kahle, ngoba angihleli ku-geology). Futhi phakathi kwalawa mapuleti kukhona inqwaba yanoma yikuphi ukwakheka, imifantu, njll. lapho kuhlala khona izinyoka. Futhi, kwesinye isikhathi zitholakala zintanta olwandle. Kule ndawo kuya olwandle kwakudingeka ukuthi kudlule emahlathini echibishi elincane (angazi igama), futhi kulezi zihlahlabohloka lwezinyoka zazizwakala njalo.

Ngokusho kwezincwadi, osayizi bazo abudluli kumamitha ayi-1.5. Futhi abantu abakhulu babukeka bahlaba umxhwele impela. Yize kutholakala abantu abancane kakhulu.

Amanzi asevele apendwe ngamathoni omnqumo, lapho amabala amnyama atholakala khona ngephethini yokuhlola, kwesinye isikhathi ephenduka ibe yimivimbo emnyama. Kule ndawo yokuzalanisa, kutholakala bobabili mnyama (abacishe bacibilike) kanye nabantu abakhanya ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwamabala.

Udla ikakhulu inhlanzi, yize engadla amasele. Ugwinya izinhlanzi ezincane ngaphansi kwamanzi. futhi udonsa olukhulu olwandle futhi aludle lapho, ngoba udinga ukusekelwa okuqinile kokugwinya. Kudala bekukholelwa ukuthi kubangela ukulimala kwezokudotshwa kwezinhlanzi ngokudla gazinga kwezinhlanzi ezibalulekile. Kepha lokhu kulimala kuyandisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sangaphambi kwempi, isikhumba sabo sasisetshenziselwa izidingo zomkhanyo wokukhanya. Isibonelo, ngonyaka we-1930 kuphela, ogwini loLwandle Olumnyama, izikhumba zenyoka ezingama-50 000 zivunwa ezinyangeni ezimbili (i-Dunaev EA, i-Orlova V.F. Izinhlobo zezinyoka // iMosical University Press, 2003.). Ngeshwa, angizange ngikwazi ukuthola ukuthi kungani isikhumba sezinyoka sidingeka embonini elula.

Okunye ukunikezwa:

Izinkimbinkimbi zezokwelapha nezithuthukisa impilo "iVolzhsky Dali"

ISanatorium-resort eqanjwe ngeV.I. Chapaeva

Isikhungo Somphakathi Nenempilo "Umkhonto weMonki"

Isikhungo Somphakathi Nenhle "Pugachevsky"

ISanatorium "Blue bird"

I-sanatorium yesifo sofuba "Letyazhevsky"

ISanatorium "Okthoba Gorge"

Izilwane zesifunda Saratov

Inyoka yamanzi (i-lat. Natrix tessellata) inyoka engenabuthi evela emndenini walowo osevele wahlukanisa. Amanzi vele asisihlobo esiseduze kakhulu senyoka ejwayelekile, kepha ukhetha indawo ezinomswakama futhi efudumele kakhudlwana. Lesi yisilwane esikhulu kunazo zonke izilwane ezifuywayo esifinyelela ku-160 cm ubude, kepha imvamisa siyi-100-130 cm. Abesifazane bakhulu kunabesilisa. Izinyoka zamanzi zinezihlangu emakhanda azo okuhlukile kunokwezinyoka ezijwayelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbala wenyoka yamanzi uhlukile: ngemuva kwekhanda akukho amabala aphuzi, ngemuva iphethini alifani nelinyoka ejwayelekile, kanti esiswini sinombala osawolintshi noma opinki. Ngemuva kwekhanda kuvame ukuba nesici esimnyama esimnyama ngendlela imichilo emibili ehlangana ngayo ekoneni elibuhlungu emuva kwekhanda. Umbala ojwayelekile onsundu noma uluhlaza okotshani, okuvame kakhulu ukubonakala noma imichilo emincane edlulayo yomgwaqo omnyama wephethini lokuhlola. Kwesinye isikhathi imivimbo emide iyabonakala kusuka amabala. Kukhona abantu abanombala we-monochromatic, abangenaso isithombe, ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinyoka zamanzi ezimnyama ngokuphelele - ama-melanc.

Ngokushesha nje lapho bebiza izinyoka zamanzi: "inzalo yenyoka nenyoka", "inyoka enyama", "chess". Igama lezinhlobo zenyoka i-N. tessellata lihunyushwe ngempela lisuka kwisiLatini njenge-chess, kepha alihlangene ngalutho nezinyoka. Umbono walezi zinyoka umane nje ungusithelo sokwesaba abantu abangajwayelene nezilwanyane. Izinyoka zamanzi zingenasibonakaliso sesilo senyoka engenabuthi eyaziwayo kuwo wonke umuntu - amabala aphuzi-owolintshi ngemuva kwekhanda, inyoka ejwayelekile enayo. Ebantwini, amanzi awanangozi. Izindlela zokwelapha zalenyoka zikhala kakhulu futhi kukhipha i-fetid exedation ngesikhathi sengozi. Ngokungafani nenyoka ejwayelekile, amanzi uqobo cishe awenzi sengathi afile.

Kodwa-ke, amanzi asevele enezimpawu ezimbalwa zangaphandle, engahlukaniswa kalula ngazo yizinyoka ezinobuthi. Ikhanda elibonakala kakhulu ukuthi emaqandeni linesimo esingunxantathu futhi iningi lesikali (esikalini) kuso lincane, ngenkathi izinyoka zamanzi lingamaphiko, futhi yonke imikhawulo inkulu. Uma uthatha isibindi futhi ubheka ngamehlo enyoka, ungabona ukuthi ezinyoka, njengasekuhlaseleni kwangempela, imbandana iqonde (njengasesekati), futhi inyoka - eyindilinga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyoka zincane kakhulu kunezinyoka: inyoka enkulu evamile ifinyelela kubude obufika ku-0,73 m.

Lowo wamanzi usevele uhlala eduze kwamanzi: ngasogwini lwemifula kanye nasemiseleni yokunisela, ezigodini zezikhukhula, lapho kuthola khona ukudla. Sekuvele kulo lonke uhla umzimba wamanzi uxhumeke kakhulu emanzini; izindawo ezihlala kuzo ziboshelwe ogwini lwezidalwa zamanzi ezigelezayo nezimile, kusukela emigodini enodaka egcwele izinhlayiya ezimisiwe kuya emifuleni nasezintabeni ezisobala. Eziqhingini, izindawo okuhlakazwa kuzo okukhulu kakhulu kuyaphawulwa ezindaweni ezigcwele i-chinton noma umhlanga.

Njengoba izinyoka zidla emanzini, zihlala ezindlini ezinamanzi acacile, futhi zigwema ukungcola. Izindawo ezithandekayo zesikhathi sazo zingamatshe acwebile ngasogwini noma emagatsheni athambekele emanzini. Izinyoka zilungele ukubhukuda, hhayi kuphela emanzini, kepha futhi nasekujuleni. Bangakwazi ukuhamba ngesikebhe ukusuka ogwini baye ebangeni lamakhilomitha ayi-5, kuyilapho bebhukuda bebhekene nalolu gagasi. Futhi, lezi zinyoka zikhuphuka kahle ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni, zivame ukutholakala emiqhele yezitshalo ezikhula eduze namanzi.

Naphezu kwemvelo enokuthula, ungumphangi osebenzayo. Ama-prefers fish ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene - i-perch, i-roach, i-loach, angakwazi ngisho nokuzingela i-pike. Ukudla okuyinhloko kwezinyoka zamanzi izinhlanzi ezizibambayo phakathi kwezitshalo zasemanzini, izingibe noma ukubanjiswa, okulele phansi. Ngesikhathi sokudla okukodwa, amanzi angavele agwinye cishe izinhlanzi ezincane ezingama-40, amasentimitha angama-2-3 ngosayizi, kodwa futhi angazingela izinhlanzi ezinkulu, aze afike kubude obungamasentimitha ayi-15.

Izinyoka zamanzi zinamacebo ama-2 okuzingela: zilala zilindele inyamazane, zigijimele kuzo futhi zibambe ngejubane lombani, noma zilandele ngentshiseko zibambe inyamazane yazo. Uma ukuhlaselwa kungaphumeleli, akubambi inhlanzi. Inyoka izama ukunamathela phakathi kwesidumbu sesisulu. Izinhlanzi ezincane zivame ukugwinywa ngokuqondile ngaphansi kwamanzi, kepha ezinkulu zinzima kakhulu ukubhekana nazo. Ubunzima buhlala eqinisweni lokuthi angeke abulale futhi agwinye inhlanzi ezinkulu emanzini, ngoba lokhu udinga ukusekelwa okuqinile. Ngakho-ke, ibamba inhlanzi ngokuqinile emazinyweni ayo, iphakamise ngaphezu kwamanzi futhi ibhukude ogwini. Ngemuva kwalokho ubambelela umsila wakhe kunoma yikuphi ukwesekwa bese edonsa kanzima inceku ewela ogwini. Inyoka igwinya inhlanzi, ngemuva kokuba iqale yaziphendulela yona uqobo. Uma umkhiqizo ukhulu kakhulu, ukudla kungadonsa ihora noma isikhathi eside.

Kwesinye isikhathi amanzi abamba inyamazane enkulu kakhulu noma ebanzi kangangokuba ayikwazi ukuyidla. Kulokhu, isisulu sasuka nobunzima obunjengalapho kufanele sishiywe khona. Ezinye izinyoka ziyafa, zingabaleli amandla nokukhetha inhlanzi enkulu kakhulu. Izinyoka zidla hhayi kuphela ezinhlanzini kuphela, kepha nasezandleni zobuhlalu, amasele nasezindudwini. Kuyaqabukela, izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane nezinyoni ziba izisulu zazo.

Izinyoka zamanzi ziyasebenza ngesikhathi sasemini, futhi zilala ubusuku ngaphansi kwamatshe zilele ogwini, ezindaweni zokuphumula nasemiseleni yezinye izilwane. Ziphinde futhi zidlulele ezivandeni eziminyene noma zibe hay. Inani elikhulu lezinyoka zamanzi ziqongelela ebusuku emibhedeni yomhlanga. Esikhathini esipholile, ziyahamba kancane, zingene ezindaweni ezinelanga futhi kubhasikidi lapho. Lapho kufudunyezwa, kufakwa emanzini futhi kuthunyelwe ukuyozingela. Lapho sezidlile, izinyoka nazo zishiswa elangeni. Kepha bazama ukugwema ukushisa okukhulu ngokukufihla emanzini noma emathangeni.

Izinyoka zobusika ogwini olungaphezulu kolwandle ezigodini zomhlabathi noma emiseleni enamakhonkolo, ngokujula okufika ku-80 amasentimitha. Bangakwazi ukuziqhenya bobabili ngawodwana futhi ngamaqembu, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ukuqongelela kwabo kungaba kukhulu futhi kufinyelele kubantu abangama-200 abaneminyaka ehlukene nobulili obuhlukile. Kulezo zindawo zokukhosela ezihlangene, izinyoka zilala minyaka yonke. Isizini esebenzayo ihlala cishe izinyanga eziyi-9, ivela ezindaweni zokukhosela ebusika ngo-Ephreli.

Izinyoka ezivuthayo zenzeka phakathi kuka-Ephreli. Ngenkathi yokuzalela, kusungulwa izinkumbi ezinkulu zezinyoka zamanzi. Ngentwasahlobo, lapho izinyoka zivuka lapho hibernation, zizulazula kude nemizimba yamanzi futhi ziqoqane ngamaqembu abantu abacishe babe ngama-200, lapho kwenzeka ukukhula kokuzala. Ukuziphatha komshado ngamanzi nezinyoka ezejwayelekile kuyefana.

NgoJuni-Julayi, insikazi ibekela amaqanda ayi-6-25. Umqondo wenziwa enhlabathini evulekile, ngaphansi kwamatshe. Izinyoka zamanzi zesifazane, njengalezi ezejwayelekile, zingakwenza ukubumbana ngokuhlanganyela, lapho kukhona amaqanda afinyelela ku-1000. Amaqanda akhula cishe izinyanga ezimbili, izinyoka eziboshwe ngokushesha ziqala ukubamba izinhlanzi ezincane. Izinyoka zamanzi amancane ezinobude bomzimba (ngaphandle komsila) we-140-185 mm ziyavela maphakathi no-Agasti - ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba. Isiphephelo sabo yimibhede yomhlanga, izimpande zezihlahla, iziqalo zesakhiwo esingaphansi komhlaba, imigqa yamagundane, iziqu kanye nesikhuni. Ukuthomba kwenzeka ngonyaka we-3 wokuphila.

Izinyoka zamanzi nazo zinesikhathi sokukhwelana ekwindla, ngaleso sikhathi ziphinde zihambise imizimba yamanzi nomkayo. Futhi izinsikazi zibeka amaqanda avundisiwe ehlobo elizayo.

Izinyoka zamanzi zinenqwaba yezitha zemvelo. Kaningi kunezinyoka ezijwayelekile, baba yizisulu zezinyoni eziseduze namanzi nezinhlanzi ezinkulu. AmaHedgehogs azingelwa ama-hedgehogs, ama-muskrat, ama-muskrat, impungushe, ezinye izinyoni: i-osprey, i-grey heron, amakhayithi, inyoka-edla inyoka, iqhude, i-rook nabanye. Lapho ingozi isivele isongelwe, iwelele kwikholamu yamanzi bese icasha ngaphansi. Uma uphatha inyoka yamanzi ezandleni zakho, khona-ke, njengento ejwayelekile, ikhipha uketshezi oluphuzi lwe-fetid. Uma ifakwe ezweni, ivame ukuzigoqa ngebhola eliqinile bese ifihla ikhanda layo ngaphakathi, noma ihlasele ngensimbi eshaya ihlasela isitha.

IWatermark ayinalo ulaka, lapho ibona umuntu imvamisa izama ukucasha emanzini noma endaweni yokukhosela. Ukulunywa akuvamile kakhulu. Okomuntu empeleni akubeki ingozi. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuvimbeli inani lendawo kanye nezivakashi ekuqothuleni izinyoka zamanzi ngenkuthalo, zibabize ngokuthi "izinyoka ezingenahloka" noma "inzalo yenyoka neenyoka" futhi zibabheke ngephutha njengezinobuthi. Ukuwela (i-hybridization) yenyoka nenyoka akunakwenzeka, ngoba lezi zinyoka zingemindeni ehlukene. Izindaba zabantu okuthiwa bangamacala anobuthi uqobo ngenxa yokulimala kwenyoka yamanzi ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuhluleka kwabantu abaningi ukwahlukanisa inyoka yamanzi inyoka evamile. Cishe iimeko ezingenakwenzeka zokutheleleka kwenxeba, ngoba amathe anezinto ezibulala amagciwane.

Izinhlobo zilotshwe kubhuku elibomvu lesifunda seSaratov esigabeni se "Kubuyisiwe"