Marble Ambistoma, noma ithoni salamander - Endemic to North America. Kuhlala izindawo ezahlukahlukene: amahlathi aqobayo nezihlanganayo zamagobongo noma amathafa asogwini. Iningi lempilo lifihlwe ngaphansi kwezingodo ezibolile, amatshe noma ezimvini eziwile. Ama-larvae adla ku-zooplankton; abantu abadala badla ama-invertebrates ahamba kancane. Kusatshalaliswa ezweni, hhayi emanzini.

Ukubukeka

Umzimba we-marble ambistome ugcwele ngomsila omfishane (kuze kufike ku-40% wawo wonke ubude bomzimba). Ikhanda libanzi. Ngokubukeka, icishe ifane ne-salamander. Amazinyo ahlukahlukene. Isikhumba sibushelelezi. Amazinyane amafushane (ngaphandle kwamahlwili), izinzwane ezine ezibunjiwe, ezinhlanu emilenzeni yangemuva. Inani lemivimbo eguqukayo emzimbeni liyi-3-8, emsileni 4-8. Ama-vertebrae angama-biconcave. Izinsikazi zikhulu ngosayizi kunabesilisa.

Umbala

Umbala oyinhloko umnyama ocwebezelayo onemibala emhlophe engu-4-7 transverse white (emadodeni) noma isiliva (kwabesifazane). Isisu simnyama. Ama-amnistas amancanyana ane-tint brownish ngemuva kwekhanda, ezinhlangothini nasemilenzeni, esikhundleni samamaki akhanyayo akhanyayo kukhona ukubopha okumhlophe noma kwesiliva. Njengoba bekhula, ubusha buba mnyama. Kwesinye isikhathi amabala ahlangana abe yimivimbo. Abantu abamnyama ngokuphelele bayivelakancane.

Habitat

Amamambiseli emabula ahlala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene: amahlathi anqenayo futhi ahlanganisiwe emathafeni agcwele amathafa noma asogwini, eduze namachibi amancanyana, imifudlana, imifula kanye namaxhaphozi, izihlambi ezikhukhula ihlathi, izindawo ezigcwele utshani (ingxenye esentshonalanga yobubanzi) nemithambeka enamadwala. Izintaba zikhuphuka zaba ngu-700 m ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle. Izinhlobo zinokubekezelela indawo yokuhlala eyomile kunezinye izinhlobo zama-ambisto nama-salamanders.

Umsoco

Izibungu zama-ambisome zemabula zidla ku-zooplankton (ngokwesibonelo, ama-Copepods kanye ne-cladocera), ama-tadpoles adla izinambuzane ezincane (omiyane) nezibungu zawo, ama-crustaceans asemanzini, kanye namaqanda nezibungu zabanye abesilisa abasemanzini. Abantu abadala badla ama-isopod crustaceans, iminenke kanye nama-slugs, izibungu (oligochaetes), imichilo, amacimbi kanye nezinye izilwanyana ezincane ezihamba kancane.

Ukuziphatha

Ama-ambistomes amadala afakwe imishado awasahambi ebusuku, futhi izibungu azihambi ebusuku. Esikhathini esiningi sokuphila kwabo, ama-amphibians afihla ngaphansi kwezingodo ezibolile, ematsheni noma ezitshalweni eziwile, angatholakala futhi emigodini noma emiseleni (elahliwe ngamagundane) futhi lapho kuphela isikhathi sokuzalela lapho ama-ambistomes ashiya izindawo zawo zokukhosela futhi ayofuna umlingani. Ngokuntuleka kokudla, ama-amphibian aba nolaka komunye nomunye.

Esikhathini sonyaka, isomiso singcwatshwa phansi emhlabathini futhi silindele isikhathi esibi. Ukushisa, ukubanda okuphezulu nesomiso kwenza ama-ambisto acashe ezindaweni zokukhosela, kanye nezimvula ezinkulu kanye nomswakama omningi, kunalokho, kuvusa ukuphuma kwawo ebusweni. Prefers umhlabathi acidity pH 5.5-7.7.

Ukuziphatha okuvikelayo

Lapho umhlaseli ehlasela, inxusa eliyimabula lithatha indawo yokuvikela (ikhanda liya phansi, bese umsila, ngokuhlukile, ukhuphuka bese kukhiqizwa imfihlo enobuthi kusukela kwizindlala emsileni), noma izame ukucasha.

Izitha

Amabhungane, ama-salamanders, amasele futhi ngokunokwenzeka amamilipha adla i-caviar yabamashi.

Ama-Arthropods (izinyoka, izicabucabu, amabhungane nezibungu zawo), izidalwa ezindala eziluhlaza okotshani nezinyoni (ngokwesibonelo, ama-kingfishers) ezidla izibungu.

Izinyoka (imichilo enemichilo, inyoka yasentshonalanga), ama-raccoon, izinyoni (amadada nezikhova), ama-Opasum (ama-opossum), ama-skunks, ama-shrews kanye nezisulu zokulwa kwentsha nakubantu abadala.
Lapho kudliwa izimbangi zabantu abadala ezinomashi, izinyamazane azithinti umsila, ngoba iqukethe izindlala ezikhiqiza ubuthi.

Ukuzala

I-ambbleoma yemabula luhlobo lwe-amphibian olufuya emhlabeni, hhayi emanzini. Ukuzala kabusha kwenzeka kanye ngonyaka.
Ekwindla, ngaphambi kokuqala kwezimvula zasekwindla, abesilisa baqala ukufudukela ezindaweni zokuzalela. Ngokuvamile zihamba ebusuku. Ezindaweni lapho ukuzala kwenzeka khona, abesilisa bafika ezinsukwini ezi-7 ukuya kwezi-5 ngaphambi kwezinsikazi.

Owesilisa oyedwa angahlehlisela ama-spermatophores angama-10. Ukutshala kungaphakathi, insikazi ikhasa kwispermatophore futhi iyibambe nangasemaphethelweni wesibeletho sayo.

Phansi kwamachibi amile, imisele kanye nezikebhe (ngaphansi kwezimila, izimpande noma udaka), insikazi ibekela amaqanda (30-250 ama-pcs, ububanzi obungu-1.9-2.8 mm, enegobolondo eli-4-5 mm) emaceleni ahlukene. Uqapha ukwakhiwa kuze kufike izimvula zasekwindla ezigcwalisa ichibi. Uma i-caviar ingagcwalisi ngamanzi, khona-ke izibungu azikhuli kuze kube entwasahlobo futhi sonke lesi sikhathi insikazi iyayinakekela: ihamba, i-blips futhi ivikele. Kunezimo lapho insikazi iphuma esidlekeni ngaphambi kokuba igcwale amanzi.

Igobolondo eliminyene futhi elinamathele le-caviar livikela imibungu ekuphepheni emzimbeni.

Eminyakeni "elambile", ukuzalwa kwabantu besifazane kuncishiswa kakhulu.
Ngokuntuleka kwezindawo ezifanelekayo ze-caviar, endaweni eyodwa kunezinhlaka eziningi ezivela kwabesifazane abahlukile.
Ukufa kwe-embryo kuphezulu kakhulu ngenxa ye-hypothermia, ukomisa, ukumiselwa noma ukutheleleka ngefungus.

Inzalo yemashi ezimele

Ukuthuthukiswa kombungu kuyabambezeleka, bese izibungu ziphuma emaqanda zivuselelwa yi-hypoxia lapho i-clutch igcwala amanzi. Ngokuntuleka komoya-mpilo, ukukhiqizwa kwama-enzymes wokugaya ukudla kuyaqala, okuqothula i-capule efana ne-jelly futhi izibungu ziphuma emaqanda. Izibungu ezisanda kuzalwa ze-marble ambistomy enesikhuphashe esikhulu se-yolk, ubude be-10-14 mm. Izibungu, ezidla ku-zooplankton, zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Ukukhula kubuye kuncike kakhulu ebuningini babantu be-reservoir, inani lokushisa lokushisa lamanzi. Izibungu zidla kakhulu ama-ostracods, ama-cladocerans, ama-Copepods nama-isopod, ama-crustaceans, ama-chironomid, ama-amphipods, nama-dipterans.

Imvamisa phakathi nosuku, izibungu zihlala ezansi kwedamu, izibungu ezisondela ku-metamorphosis (ubude bayo bube yi-49-72 mm) zihlala ezansi kwendawo yokugcina amanzi ngisho nasebusuku.
Izibungu ze-ambistoma yemabula zinomzimba oqinile, izimpaphe zangaphandle ze-gill, i-dorsal fin isezingeni eliphakeme, igijimisana nomzimba wonke futhi iphelela emsileni. Umbala wangemuva usuka kumnyama uye mpunga, umugqa ophahlazekile ugijima zombili izinhlangothi, ukusakazeka kwamachashazi amnyama esiswini.

I-Metamorphosis yezibungu eningizimu yebanga ivela ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-2, kanti enyakatho ithatha izinyanga eziyi-8-9.

E-Illinois, i-metamorphosis iqala ngoJuni-Julayi, eNew York ngoJuni, eMaryland, eNew Jersey nasenyakatho ne-Georgia ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi - ekuqaleni kukaJuni, eWest Virginia maphakathi noMeyi, eNorth Carolina kusuka maphakathi no-Ephreli kuya kuMeyi, e-Alabama. Mashi-Ephreli, naseLouisiana maphakathi no-Mashi.

Ukuya emhlabeni, ama-ambistomes asemasha awahambi kude nedamu. Ntambama bacasha ngaphansi kwezihlahla, amatshe namaqabunga awile.

Njengoba sebefinyelele ebusheni (ngesikhathi sokuzalela), ama-amphibians abuyela endaweni efanayo lapho azalelwa khona.

24.06.2018

I-Marble ambistoma (lat.Ambistoma opacum) iyi-caudate amphibian evela emndenini Ambistomatidae (Ambystomatidae). Lincane izikhathi eziphindwe ka-2 kabili kune-tiger ambistoma (Ambystoma tigrinum) futhi lihlukile kulo mhlophe esikhundleni semivimbo ephuzi ephuzi.

Uhlobo lungenye yezinto ezikhathazeka kancane, kepha eminyakeni yamuva nje sekuyivelakancane ezifundeni eziningi. E-US state of Michigan, ungaphansi kokuvikelwa kombuso. Ukwehla kwenani labantu kubangelwa ikakhulu ukungcoliswa kwezidumbu zamanzi. I-Amphibian izwela kakhulu ukwandisa i-acidity yamanzi.

I-ambbleoma yemabula ayinabungozi, ngokungafani namanye ama-salamanders amaningi. Ukulungiswa kwayo ekhaya akudingi amakhono akhethekile futhi kutholakala ngisho nakubanikazi be-novice.

Ukubhebhetheka

Indawo yokuhlala itholakala empumalanga, eningizimu-mpumalanga naseningizimu ye-United States. Isuka empumalanga New Hamphire idlulela enyakatho neFlorida iye eTexas entshonalanga.

Ama-ambistomes emabula ahlala eduze kwezindawo zokugcina ezilungele izindawo ezinwebayo.

Lokhu kungaba amachibi, amachibi kanye namaxhaphozi endaweni enamahlathi. Izilwane ezindala zihlala emhlabeni ezindaweni eziphansi nasemagqumeni afinyelela kuma-3600 m ngaphezu kolwandle. Zitholakala ikakhulu ezindaweni ezinomswakama, ezixhaphozi kanye nezikhukhula ngezikhathi ezithile.

Incazelo

Ubude bomzimba wabantu abadala bufika ku-10-13 cm, ngomsila ongamasentimitha angama-3-5. Abesilisa banciphile futhi balula kunabesifazane. Isici esibonakalayo ukuba khona kwephethini yemabula ngemuva engemuva. Phansi komsila, amabala amhlophe acwebezelayo noma akhanyayo abe yimicu.

Kwabesilisa, isikhumba sikhanya kancane, futhi kwabesifazane sicekeceke. Izingalo zimfushane kodwa ziqinile. Kunezinzwane ezi-5 emilenzeni yangaphambili, naku-4 emilenzeni yangemuva.Ikhanda elikhulu liphela ngesigaxa esimfushane. Amehlo akhombisa ukuqina aphakathi nendawo. Endaweni yesibhakabhaka kunemigqa yamazinyo eguqukayo ngemuva.

Isikhathi sokuphila se-ambistoma yemabula ezimweni zemvelo siyiminyaka engama-8-10.

Habitat of Marble Ambistome

Lawa ma-amphibians ahlala emahlathini omanzi anomhlabathi othambile. Isidingo sokuba khona kwethempeli salamander ubukhona bezindawo eziphansi, okuthi ngezikhathi ezithile zigcwala amanzi, kulezi zingxenyana eziphansi zande. Abantu abadala abahlali emanzini, kepha bachitha isikhathi esiningi ngaphansi komhlaba, becashe emashalofini. Ngaphezulu, avela ekwindla kuphela ukuze aqhubeke nohlobo.

IMarble Ambistoma (Ambystoma opacum).

Indlela Yokuphila yeRibbon Salamander

Abadala bahola indlela yokuphila efihliwe yobusuku, futhi izibungu zabo zihola isikhathi sasemini. Ama-Ambistomes ahlala impilo eyedwa futhi ahlangane ngamaqembu amancane kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzalela.

Ukudla kwe-ambisto kuqukethe izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinambuzane zasendaweni: izinambuzane, izibungu, amacimbi, iminyuzi, amasilo. Izilwane ezincane zidla ngokuzithandela ama-crustaceans, amaqanda nezibungu ze-amphibian. Futhi izibungu ze-tape salamander ziyahlaselwa, zona, ngamadrive, amabhungane, izicabucabu. Amasele nama-salamanders badla i-caviar ene-amber.

Ama-ambadors amadala ahlanganisiwe anezitha ezingathi sína: ama-opas, ama-raccoon, izinyoka, izikebhe, iziqaqa nemisipha. I-tape salamander ayikwazi ngisho nokuzivikela ezitheni, ingakhuphula kuphela umsila, lapho amakhethini anobuthi etholakala khona, kepha hhayi iqiniso lokuthi isitha sizodla umsila.

Ngokudla okwanele, ama-ambistomes aba nolaka maqondana nomunye.

Izidlwengula eziningi zihlakaniphe impela, zajwayela ukudla i-ambist: zidla isidumbu salamander, kanti nomsila uhlala ungakathintwa.

Ukuze bazivikele, ama-ambisome zemabula ayaphoqelelwa ukuba aqhubeke nendlela yokuphila yokucasha, acashe ngemisele futhi amaqabunga awileyo, futhi kuyaqabukela afike ebusweni. Phezu kwabantu abadala, i-ambisto imvamisa ingatholakala kwisimo sezulu esinethayo noma eqhweni. Ngenkathi yesomiso, bagaya bajule enhlabathini ngakho-ke balinda isikhathi esingesihle. Futhi umswakama omkhulu ubakhuthaza ukuba baphume ezindlini zokukhosela.

Isimo ngenani lezinhlobo

Ukunyamalala kwama-ambitter ambitter akusongelwa. Ukulinganisa okungaqondile kukhombisa ukuthi inani lalezi zinhlobo lingaphezulu kwezinkulungwane eziyikhulu. Izici ezinjengokugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukudonswa kwamanzi omanzi nokwakhiwa kwemisele kungaba yingozi enanini lezinhlobo zabamele imabula.

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