Isithwathwa seqhwa, noma ingwe yeqhwa (I-Uncia uncia, noma iPanthera uncia) ukuphela kwezinhlobo ezinkulu zamakati eziye zajwayela ukuhlala esimweni esinzima sezindawo eziphakemeyo. Enye yezinhlobo zemvelo ezingajwayelekile, iye yasinda kuphela ngenxa yendawo yayo esezintabeni ezikude zase-Central Asia.
Ekuqaleni, ingwe yeqhwa bekuthatha isikhathi eside ibhekwa njengesihlobo sengwe, ngoba nje ifana ngokufana. Kepha kwathi lapho kwenziwa izifundo zofuzo, kwavela ukuthi ingwe yeqhwa yayihlobene kakhulu nehlosi - into efana nomshana womzala wesibili.
Ngobukhulu, "ikati lasezintabeni" liphansi kunebhubesi nengwe, kepha kanye nengulule ithatha indawo yesithathu. Inesisindo esingama-40 kg, inobude bomzimba obungu-120-130 cm kanye nomsila ubude obungama-100 cm. Ifana kakhulu nekati lasekhaya esesimo sekhanda nomzimba wayo. Amaphaphu wesilwane esihlaselayo anamandla futhi aqinile. Basiza isilwane ukwenza ukuvuza okukhulu. Ngokusho kwabazingeli, ingwe yeqhwa inganqoba kalula i-gorge 8-10 metres ububanzi e-gxuma elilodwa. Ama-paws afakelwe imiphetho ebukhali, emincane, ebuyekekayo yesimo esigoqiwe.
Indawo yokuhlala yengwe yeqhwa ihlanganisa indawo yamamitha-skwele ayi-1230. km Lezi yizintaba zamaPamirs, iTien Shan, iKarakoram, iKashmir, iHimalayas, iTibet, iHangai. E-Russia: izintaba zase-Altai, Sayan, Tannu-Ola, kanye nezintaba zibheke entshonalanga kweLake Baikal.
Ikati elikhulu leli lithanda ukuhlala ezindaweni ezingenakudlula zonke zezindawo zezintaba: emigqomeni, ezindaweni ezinamadwala, yingakho ibizwa ngokuthi ingwe yeqhwa. Kodwa-ke, ingwe yeqhwa iyakugwema ukukhuphukela phezulu ezintabeni - izinyoka zaphakade.
Isilwane sisetshenziselwe kabi ukuhamba kwesembozo esimboze iqhwa. Ezindaweni lapho kulele khona iqhwa, izingwe zeqhwa zivame ukunyathela emikhondweni ehlala njalo lapho zihamba khona isikhathi eside.
Ehlobo, ingwe yeqhwa ihlala eduze komugqa weqhwa, endaweni ephakeme cishe ngamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezine, bese kuthi ebusika yehle. Isizathu esikhulu salokhu kunyakaza kuvame impela - ukufuna ukudla.
Izingela emacaleni amaningi ngaphambi kokushona kwelanga nasekuntweleni kokusa. Njengomthetho, ingwe yeqhwa ihamba inyathela inyamazane yayo bese igxumela kuyo ngejubane lombani. Imvamisa isebenzisa amatshe amade ukwenza lokhu, ukugebha isisulu phansi ngokungazenzisi ngokuthi igxume phezulu bese imbulala. Ngesikhathi sokuphuthelwa, ngaphandle kokubamba inyamazane ngokushesha, ingwe yeqhwa ilisukela kude ibanga elingamamitha ayi-300, noma ingasilandeli nhlobo.
I-Irbis yisisulu esivame ukuzingela inyamazane enkulu, ehambelana nosayizi wayo noma sikhulu. Iyakwazi ukubhekana nokuphangwa, iphindwe kathathu kunesisindo sayo. Kunecala eliqoshiwe lokuzingela okuphumelela kwezingwe zeqhwa ezi-2 yebhele elineminyaka engu-2 ubudala uTien Shan brown. Ukudla kwezitshalo - Izingxenye eziluhlaza zezitshalo, utshani, njll. - I-Irbis idliwa ngaphezu kwengxenye yenyama ehlobo kuphela. Eminyakeni yendlala, bangazingela eduze kwezindawo zokuhlala futhi bahlasele izilwane ezifuywayo.
U-Irbis ungumhlaseli ophila ngokuzingela yedwa. Ingwe ngayinye yeqhwa ihlala ngaphakathi kwemingcele yensimu echazwe ngokuqinile. Uma kunokukhiqiza okuningi, iziza zomhlaba zezingwe zeqhwa zincane - zisukela kumamitha ayi-12 kuye kwangama-40. km Uma ukudla kuqinile, khona-ke ezindaweni ezinjalo kunamakati ambalwa, futhi isabelo sazo sifinyelela kumamitha-skwele angama-200. km
Ngezansi kunezingcaphuno ezivela kwinhlolokhono no-Alihon Latifi wezemvelo.
Kukhona imbuzi - kukhona ingwe
Kokubili eTajikistan nakwamanye amazwe lapho kuhlala khona ingwe yeqhwa (Afghanistan, Bhutan, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, China, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia ne-Uzbekistan), impilo yayo incike kakhulu ekunikezelweni kokudla. Ngokusho kuka-Alikhon Latifi, yize iqiniso ukuthi ingwe ihlasela cishe kuyo yonke into ehamba - amagundane, amahhashi, umabhe kanye nezimbaza - izimbuzi zasezintabeni zithathwa njengezisulu zazo eziphambili.
"Ngakho-ke, uma kukhona imbuzi, kukhona ingwe, akukho mbuzi, akukho nyathi," kuchaza uchwepheshe wezemvelo. - Kwakunesikhathi lapho izindawo zokuhlala zasolwandle zasendle zancishiswa kakhulu eTajikistan. Futhi lokhu kwenzeke ngenxa yokuthi babebuyela emuva kwengcindezi yendoda eyayithi lapho iqhuba imfuyo, idle amadlelo. Kepha bekungeke kube kubi kangako uma-ke, ngokunciphisa izindawo zokuhlala izimbuzi, abantu bebengeke babe nomthelela ekwehliseni indawo yokuhlala izingwe zeqhwa.
Ngakho-ke kwenzeka, ngokusho kukaLatifi, ukuthi ngesikhathi esisodwa inani le-leopard yeqhwa lehle kakhulu. Ngokwemvelo, lokhu akuzange kwenziwe kuphela ngeqiniso lokucindezelwa, kepha futhi nangokuzingela lekati.
- Abanye abantu babenesiko lokuzingela izingwe, ngokwesibonelo, amaKirgyz. Ngesinye isikhathi kwakuthathwa njengokuhlonishwa ngabo ukuthi babe nesikhumba sengwe ku-yurt yabo. Futhi phakathi kwamaTajiks, zombili ngesikhathi se-USSR nangemva kwalokho, ukuzingela izingwe akuzange kwenziwe ngokukhululekile, ”kusho uchwepheshe. - Thina, kunalokho, sabamba izingwe eza kithi imfuyo sizinikezela kuzo zonke izindawo ezihlala amaSoviet. Kepha uma sigxila ekuzingeleni, bese ngicabanga ukuthi ikhona futhi ikhona yonke indawo, ngoba kusebaningi abafuna ukukhokhela isikhumba sengwe.
Kungakanani izindleko zesikhumba sengwe, uchwepheshe akakwazi ukusho, kepha ngokusho kweminye imibiko, kulinganiselwa cishe kuma-dollar ayizinkulungwane ezintathu emakethe emnyama, futhi kungaletha imali engaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-60 phesheya Amathambo alo nezinye izingxenye zomzimba zinenani elithile.
Inani lokudla likhula ngokuqinile
- Ngo-1999, emazweni ayi-12 lapho kuhlala khona izingwe zeqhwa, kwakheka inkampani okwakufanele icwaningisise kabanzi izimo zokuphila zalezi zikati. Ngemuva kwalokho, ”kusho uchwepheshe," ngokwemiphumela yocwaningo, kwaphawuleka ukuthi sezingaba ngu-500 izingwe ezihlala ezindaweni zethu (i-Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan neTajikistan), kanti kuleli nani elikhulu - elingaphezu kwama-200 - lihlala eTajikistan kuphela.
Yize namhlanje, njengoba isazi semvelo siphawula, isibalo esiphelele sezingwe ezisensimini yeTajikistan asikagcinwa, ngokwesilinganiso, kunezilwane eziningi, ezingaba ngu-300.
-Kunezizathu ezintathu ezinengqondo zalokhu: eBadakhshan, ngesikhathi sempi, inani lezinkomo ezincane lancishiswa, futhi ngenxa yalokho amadlelo akhululwa ezimbuzini ezifanayo zezintaba.
Futhi, ngemuva kwempi, zonke izinhlobo zezikhali zabanjwa kubantu, futhi okusizile ukwehlisa ukuzingela okungekho emthethweni kwezingwe. Manje ukuvakasha kwezokuvakasha kuyachuma empumalanga yeBadakhshan, futhi izinkampani ezibandakanyeka kulokhu zingabaqaphi abayizibonelo endaweni yabo - akusizi ngabo ukuthi bazibandakanye ekuzingeleni lapho.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba kuphawulwe ngu-Alikhon Latifi, ukuvikelwa kwenziwa yi-leshoz, umphakathi wabazingeli kanye nekomidi lokuvikela imvelo. Futhi, onogada nemingcele bayabandakanyeka ngezinga elithile kule ndaba.
"Konke lokhu kunomthelela ekukhuleni kwenani lama-argali ne-ibex, njengoba ngishilo, ukukhula kwenani lezingwe nakho kuncike," kusho isazi semvelo.
Engqulweni yangaphambilini ye-Red Book, inani le-argali lavezwa ngenani lezinkulungwane eziyi-7-8, kamuva, ngonyaka we-1990, ukubalwa kwabonisa izinkulungwane eziyi-12-15, kanti ukubalwa kokugcina okwenziwe ngonyaka ka-2012 nango-2015 kwabonisa ukuthi cishe bekungama-24- Izinhloso ezingama-25.
- Lokhu mhlawumbe kungumhlambi omkhulu wezimvu zezintaba emhlabeni namuhla. Futhi manje sinenombolo ezinzile yama-capricorns - kuphela endaweni yamapulazi okuzingela kukhona amakhanda angaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyishumi. Futhi ngaphandle kwawo, kuneningi lazo, isayensi yezemvelo iyagcizelela.
Ngonyaka owedlule, ngokusho kukaLatifi, ososayensi baseRussia Institute of Morphology and Ecology beza bezolanda izimbumbulu zokuhlaziya i-DNA.
Ngokwemiphumela yalomsebenzi, isazi sezemvelo sithi, baphawule ukuthi cishe abakaze babone ukushuba kwabantu abaningi kangaka kwezingwe.
Izicupho zezithombe zezingwe bezithwebule kwizigaba ezahlukahlukene zentuthuko. Abesilisa nabesifazane, kanye nezingwe ezincane, babanjwa. Ngenxa yalezi zingibe zekhamera, sikwazile ukuthola ukuthi inani labo labantu liya ngokuthuthuka ezweni lethu. Ngakho-ke namuhla eTajikistan konke kumi kahle ngengwe.
Ukuzikhulula: Umbhalo nezithombe bezibolekwe kulokhu ku-inthanethi yakho. Wonke amalungelo angabanikazi bawo. B / m ufunge izithombe ezihlukile.