Isimo lapho ukubola kwezinhlanzi e-aquarium kuba sobala kuyinto engathandeki futhi kudinga isenzo esisheshayo. Kusukela kulo mzuzu singasho ukuthi i-aquarium ishiye inhlala-kahle. Bonke abahlali bendlu enamanzi enjalo basengozini yezifo. Sisaqala nje ukucabanga ngesizathu salokho okwenzekile, ukufunda ngokushesha izeluleko ezincwadini kanye naku-Intanethi, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, sithathe izinyathelo ezithile eziphuthumayo. Kubalulekile ukuthola isixazululo esisebenzayo futhi ususe inkinga kuze kube sekupheleni.
Yini ukubonakaliswa okuyinhloko?
Ukukhohlisa emzimbeni wezinhlanzi - isifo esidalwa yizilwanyana ezincane zezinhlanzi - ichthyophthirius ciliates. Namuhla, kunemibono eminingi ngokuhlukaniswa kwe-ichthyophthirius. Ziyahluka ngesimo nangosayizi we-cell nucleus, kanye nezinye izakhiwo zebhayoloji. Kepha into eyodwa ihlala ihlala njalo - empilweni, izimuncagazi zidinga isicucu senhlanzi. Kungenxa yalokho lapho i-cyst ikhula khona, ikhula, ikhule ngosayizi, ikhule futhi ihlukane njengoba ekugcineni yakheka.
Kwenzekani ezinhlanzini kulesi simo? Imbozwe amachashazi amhlophe amhlophe. Ukunyakaza kwakhe kuba bukhali futhi kube yiphutha. Kwesinye isikhathi uthambekele ekuthambekeni endaweni enzima. Imvamisa kufihla esikhondweni. Amanqina kwesinye isikhathi anamathela futhi abukeke njengozwela. Isifiso sezinhlanzi asikho. Izinhlanzi ezinjalo zinokubukeka kabi futhi zidinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo.
Kungani lokhu kusabisa?
Ukulimazeka kwenhlanzi eyodwa akumnandi. Kepha ubungozi yikuthi: i-cyst, edukile emzimbeni, yindawo lapho okuhlanganiswe khona amakhulukhulu amakhulukhulu e-ciliates. Zihamba kalula emanzini, zifinyelela emzimbeni wezinhlanzi ezinempilo, zingena ezicutshini zayo ezingaphezulu bese zakha ama-pustules. Elinye igama lezindlela ezinjalo ama-tubercles ama-dermoid. Kuzo, inqubo ithatha izinsuku eziningana futhi iphetha ngokwakhiwa kwe-cyst efanayo, ehlukaniswa kamuva.
Ngakho-ke saphendula lo mbuzo: avelaphi amaphuzu amhlophe e-convex eqhamuka ezinhlanzini.
Uma kungathathelwa izinyathelo ezifika ngesikhathi ukuze kubhujiswe ama-ciliates futhi kukhiphe amagciwane konke okusemanzini, izinto eziphilayo zingafa.
Angena kanjani emanzini?
Njenganoma yisiphi isibulala-zinambuzane, i-ichthyophthyrius ayinakuba khona ngaphandle kwesidalwa esijikelekile. Amanzi ayindlela kuphela (isici) sokudluliselwa kwawo kusuka komunye umuntu kuya komunye. Ngakho-ke, i-parasite ingangena endaweni enempilo ye-aquarium ngezindlela eziningana:
- nenhlanzi enesifo (mhlawumbe ngesikhathi sokuthenga kwakungekho okubonakalayo okusobala ngalesi sifo - okubizwa ngokuthi “isikhathi sokufakwa”),
- ngamanzi e-cyst
- ngezitshalo, uma zisanda kukhula ku-aquarium enegciwane,
- ngokudla okubukhoma okutholwe ku-aquarium lapho kwakukhona khona ama-pathogens anjalo.
Ngokuphikisana nenhlanzi embozwe amashubhu amhlophe, ama-pathogen awabonakali emanzini nasezitshalweni. Ngakho-ke, le nto iyingozi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ichthyophthyroidism yi-ciliator ichthyophthyrius esenzweni.
Yini ubunzima besimo?
Izinhlanzi ezine-ichthyophthyroidism ziba buthaka futhi azithinteki kwezinye izifo. Isimo sabo sivame ukuba sibi ngokufakwa kwegciwane noma igciwane. Kulokhu, ukuvuvukala nokudakwa kuyangezelelwa izimpawu ze-ichthyophthyroidism.
Okubaluleke ngokufanayo ukuxilongwa okulungile ngokushesha. Ekuqaleni kwalesi sifo, kungahlanganiswa nokutheleleka ngefungus (ngokwesibonelo, i-dermatomycosis). Kodwa-ke, kulokhu, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amaphuzu azoba i-fluffy (angabonakala esithombeni).
Amachashazi amhlophe nawo uphawu lokuqala lwezimpawu ze-lepidortosis. Kuliqiniso, ukwakheka kwawo kungamaphasi wokuqukethwe anoketshezi.
Ukuxilongwa okulungile kuyisiqinisekiso sokwelashwa okukhethekile okufika ngesikhathi futhi okusebenzayo.
Kuyini ichthyophthyroidism?
Umenzeli obangela lesi sifo yi-cusary infusoria. Ukungena esilwaneni, kuyasidlula, okuholela ekufeni. Uma kungekho zinqumo ezenziwayo, lonke abantu abasemanzini bazomane bafe esikhathini esifushane kakhulu.
Lolu hlobo lwama-ciliates lingezilwane ezilulwane ezilula kakhulu. Ubungako bawo esigabeni sabadala bufika ku-1 mm. I-parasitizing, amachashazi amhlophe avela emzimbeni wezinhlanzi, ezifana ne-semolina semolina (yingakho igama). Amaseli we-Ichthyophthirius akhula kuwo, adla izicubu aze akhiwe ngokuphelele. Lapho-ke igciwane lisuka endaweni yalo yokuhlala lihlale phansi, lapho liqala ukwanda khona ngenkuthalo, likhiqiza amaseli endodakazi angaba yinkulungwane ngosuku. Lapho sebakhekile, bangenisa izilwane ezintsha, bese bezithela ezigungwini noma ngaphansi kwesikali. Umjikelezo wonke uthatha cishe isonto. Ngalesi sikhathi, ama-ciliates angatheleleka bonke abakhileyo e-aquarium. Kukhona futhi nohlobo lwezinhlobo ezishisayo lwe-ichthyophthyroidism. Ihluka ngendlela yokuzala, eyenzeka hhayi ngaphansi kwe-aquarium, kepha ngqo emzimbeni wezinhlanzi.
Izimpawu zokuqala zokubola: ukubonakala kokuqhuma okumhlophe emzimbeni wezinhlanzi, ukuntuleka kokudla, ukuthamba.
Ngaphezu kokubukeka kwephunga elimhlophe, indlela yokuziphatha kwesilwane esifuywayo kungashintsha. Uqala ukusikaza amatshe nokuhlobisa, njengokungathi ucacisa okuthile kuye. Ngakho-ke, kunoma yikuphi ukuphambuka ekuziphatheni, kufanele uhlole ngokucophelela ingaphezulu lomzimba, ikakhulukazi izinhlangothi namaphilisi.
Izimbangela zesifo
Imvamisa, i-semolina ingena e-aquarium ngamanzi noma inhlanzi entsha esitolo. Izitolo ezinkulu zezilwane ezihlala zodwa, zibheka izimpahla ukuthi zikhona yini izifo zezinhlanzi zasemanzini, nezitolo ezincane zingaqaphele izinambuzane. Ukudla okuqandisiwe akukuyona ingozi kangako, kepha kunezifo ezimbalwa ngenxa yesizathu sazo.
Ichthyophthyroidism ithanda ukuthuthuka emanzini ngeqondo lokushisa eliphakathi nendawo noma eliphakeme. Ngasikhathi sinye, izimuncagazi zijwayela noma ikuphi ukwakheka nokuqina. Izinhlanzi ezinamanzi ahlanzekile angenakugomeka buthaka ngokuyinhloko. Isizathu singaba ukucindezela, izimo ezingezinhle, ukondliwa okungafanele, omakhelwane abanolaka. Ama-ciliates angaba semzimbeni wesilwane esinempilo bese ulinda umzuzu ofanele. Ngakho-ke, ukubukeka okujwayelekile kanye nombala ogcwele kahle owashibhile akusho ukuthi akubeki ingozi kwezinye izilwane ezifuywayo. Noma angaguli, ezinye izakhamizi zomhlaba ongaphansi kwamanzi, omzimba wazo zizoba buthakathaka, zingavuleleka ekuthelelekeni.
Ukuvimbela
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ukutheleleka kwenzeka kaningi ngengozi, ngenxa yokwengamela noma ukwephulwa kwemithetho yenhlanzeko. Ama-ciliates mancane kakhulu (aze afike ku-1 mm), ngakho-ke ukweqa wona kulula. Ukuhlolwa okuphelele nokuhlanzwa okuphelele kwakho konke okufaka ku-aquarium kuyokuvikela ezinkingeni ezilandelayo. Ukuqinisekiswa kwabantu abasanda kufika nakho kunikeza umphumela omuhle.
Bheka izifo ezijwayelekile ze-aquarium fish.
Uma uhlangabezana nesifo esingajabulisi njenge-ichthyophthyroidism, ungesabi. Lesi sifo siyelapheka, futhi uma usiqala ngesikhathi, sizobuyisela impilo nobuhle bezakhamizi zakho ezingaphansi kwamanzi.
Izimpawu zesifo
Izimpawu ezinkulu zifaka ukubonakala kwamachashazi amhlophe emzimbeni, kanye noshintsho ekuziphatheni. Uma ese-epithelium, i-parasite ibangela ukuluma nobuhlungu, ubuthakathaka obujwayelekile. Lokhu kubonakala ekuziphatheni. Isilwane siyasaba, isifiso sokudla siyanyamalala, afafaze izinongo bese ubhukuda kancane, noma azame ukuklwebisa uhlangothi noma isisu sakhe ekuhlobiseni nasemhlabathini.
Ngemuva kokuthola u-Ihtik esencane, kulula kakhulu ukwelapha ukwedlula icala elinganakwa. Inhlanzi egulayo ihlaselwa ngamanye ama-bacterium namagciwane ngama-ulcer izicubu ezonakele.
I-Ichthyophthyroidism ingangena e-aquarium ngenhlanzi entsha noma ukudla okubukhoma. Okokuqala, ngihlushwa inhlanzi enamasosha omzimba angenamandla.
Sincoma ukufunda i-athikili: Fin ukubola enhlanzini ze-aquarium: izimpawu, ukwelashwa
Kungani kuvela lesi sifo?
I-decoy inhlanzi ye-aquarium yenzeka ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene:
Kunconywe ukufundwa
Fin ukwelashwa
Esokuqala ukungcola okunamandla kwenhlabathi. I-aquarium idinga ukugezwa nokuhlanzwa, ukususa i-plaque ezindongeni, i-siphon enhlabathini, hlanza izihlungi ngokuphelele. Kepha ungakwenzi kaningi. Ukusuka empilweni endaweni ehlanzeke kakhulu, ukungavikeleki kwezempilo kuncishiswa ezinhlanzini.
Isilwanyana esigulayo singathengwa esitolo, futhi siyomthelela okusele. Ngaphambi kokuthenga izinhlanzi, zihlole: emzimbeni wazo akufanele kube yi-mucus, tubercles, ukulimala. Qiniseka ukuthi uhlukaniswa nabantu amasonto angama-2-2 ngaphambi kokuqala inhlanzi entsha emanzini. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga imbiza engu-3-litre. Ukubeka inhlabathi kuyo akufuneki, kepha izitshalo eziningana zokwenziwa ngeke ziphazamise.
Amanzi abandayo futhi acasula lesi sifo. Kuyadingeka ukugcina izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile ku-aquarium.
Okunye isizathu ukungena kokungena emanzini okuphakelayo okutheleleke ngegciwane, amanzi, izitshalo nezinto ezingaphakathi. Ngaphambi kokubeka noma yiziphi izinto ku-aquarium, kufanele ihlanjululwe.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwengcindezi enkulu ezinhlanzini kugcwele izifo. Imvamisa kwenzeka ezifuyweni ngesikhathi sokuhamba noma sokuhlanza i-aquarium.
Kungenzeka yini ukulwa nalesi sifo?
Isinyathelo sokuqala esithathwa ngabasolwandle ukushisa amanzi abe ngu-28-32 ° C. Ngasikhathi sinye, kufakwa usawoti wethebula ejwayelekile emanzini. Inani laso libalwa lisuka engxenyeni ka 2 g kasawoti ilitha ngalinye lamanzi.
Isikhathi sokuvezwa kwalezi zinto kufanele sibe okungenani isonto.
Esigabeni sokuqala sezinqubo ze-pathological e-aquarium, indlela ingasiza. Kuliqiniso, abanengi bathi lokhu kusebenza kuphela kuma-ichthyophthyrius athinta usawoti kanye nomkhuhlane.
Ukwelashwa kwesibili okuthandwa ekhaya kunezela amakhemikhali. I-Copper sulfate, i-malachite eluhlaza, i-methylene eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-formalin, i-potanganum permanganate, i-furatsilin: ichthyophthyroidism ingahlulwa. Kepha ingabe bonke abanye abakhileyo bazosebenza: izitshalo, iminenke, ama-shrimps nabanye? Kungcono ukucabanga ngakho kusengaphambili.
Yini enye okufanele uzame ukuyelapha?
Kwesinye isikhathi izinhlanzi ezishisayo ziletha i-pet ichthythyriuses ezitolo zezilwane ezivimbela ukwelashwa kwe-furatsilin, i-bicillin, i-furazolidone.
Izimpawu ze- “decoy” ezinhlanzini ziyaqhubeka ukukhula, naphezu kokuxineka okuphezulu okwenziwe emanzini. Manje-ke kufanele ukwelashwa kanjani ukubonakaliswa kwe-ichthyophthyroidism?
Namuhla, i-Antipar ibhekwa njengekhambi elisebenzayo. Inezakhiwo ze-antiparasite, i-antibiotic enamandla futhi ukwakheka kwe-antifungal. Ngokuhambisana ne-ichthyophthyroidism, ungasusa ukutheleleka kwegciwane lesibili.
Uketshezi ubonakala ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye nephunga elithile. Lokhu kungenxa yokubakhona kwe-malachite eluhlaza kanye ne-formalin.
Izingxenye ezingeziwe kulo muthi zisiza ukwenziwa kabusha kwesikhumba senhlanzi, lesi simo esijwayelekile sesimo sazo. Umuntu osebenza olwandle ofuna ukwelapha izinhlanzi ngokuphelele kufanele ahambisane nokwelashwa okuphindaphindwe kabili, okungenani kabili ngosuku.
Faka i-ejenti ngesilinganiso se-1 ml ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi e-aquarium.
Ukwakheka okufanayo kweSera Costapur. Isimo sayo sokugxila senza umkhiqizo ukongeke kakhudlwana. Amapakethe angama-50 ml anele ukukhipha i-aquarium enomthamo wamalitha angama-800.
Umenzi waseJalimane waqikelela ukuthi umkhiqizo awunawo amandla anobuthi enhlanzi.
Abantu bavame ukubuza: kungenzeka yini ukuthi sibulala amagciwane i-aquarium ngempumelelo ngemuva kokuxoshwa kwezinhlanzi ezihlushwa i-ichthyophthyroidism? Ngokususa bonke abakhileyo e-aquarium, ukugeza ngokuphelele ingaphakathi nokuthela amanzi amasha ahlanzekile, kungakhanjiswa amagciwane ngezinhloso zokuthibela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, engeza amaconsi ama-3-4 kuwo wonke amalitha amanzi angama-25. Noma kunjalo, kunesimo: ukuhlunga noma i-aeration akufanele kwenziwe. Ukudalulwa (isikhathi sokuchayeka) kufanele kugcinwe ngokuya ngemiyalo yomenzi esesimweni esizolile. Ukuqanjwa kufanele kuphindwe ngosuku lwesithathu.
Yimiphi eminye imithi ekhona?
Phakathi kwama-aquarists ochwepheshe nama-amateurs, elinye igunya linelinye igunya - iTetra ContraIck plus. Kusho isenzo sokuphindaphinda. Kuyasiza ukukhipha igciwane le-aquarium kusuka kuma-pathogen amaningi, kufaka phakathi i-ichthyophthyroidism.
Ngokwencazelo, ukwakheka kwayo akunamphumela omubi kwi-biocenosis eye yathuthuka endlini yamanzi.
Inzuzo yomuthi isikhathi esifushane sokuvezwa. Kakade ngosuku lwesine isimo sizothuthuka kakhulu, futhi ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, inhlala kahle izobuyiselwa ngokuphelele: i-aquarium izobukeka njengangaphambili.
Ukubonakaliswa kwe-semolina emzimbeni kungalawulwa ngosizo lweDelagil ne-Iodinol. Ngaphambi kokucubungula i-aquarium nabo, udinga ukufunda imiyalo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi zibhekwa njengeziphephile kwezinhlanzi nezitshalo, kwesinye isikhathi amaphini ezinhlanzi aqala ukuwohloka (kamuva ayabuyiselwa). Okuphakelayo ezikhathini ezinjalo zezakhamuzi zase-aquarium kufanele kube ngaphansi, njengoba isifiso sabo sokudla sincishisiwe.
I-Iodinol, ngaphezu kwezakhiwo ezichaziwe, isiza ukubhekana nokushoda kwe-iodine futhi inezici zokuphinda zisheshe inqubo yokupholisa amanxeba emzimbeni. Kunobufakazi bokusetshenziswa kwalo muthi ngesikhathi sokuqhuma. Ukulahla izakhiwo kuthinta kahle ikhwalithi yamaqanda: azakhi izingosi zokubola futhi akukho zimpawu zekhwalithi embi.
Izindlela zisetshenziselwa ukwandisa ubulukhuni bamanzi, ukungenisa kwabo okuphindaphindiwe emanzini kunomphumela wokuqongelela.
Ukubona i- "semolina" emzimbeni wezinhlanzi, awukwazi ukungabaza. Iningi, ikakhulukazi uma kunamafry e-aquarium, akhetha ukulinda noma ukusebenzisa amaqhinga "asekhaya" amnene. Lokhu kudlala ezandleni zezinhlaka: banikezwa isikhathi esidingekayo sokuzala. Inhlanzi eyodwa egulayo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ingathelela inqwaba yabantu abahlala eduzane. Ama-Aquarists anolwazi ayeluleka: Thenga amathuluzi ochwepheshe bese wenza ngokwemiyalo. Uma bekungenakwenzeka ukutshala lo gazinga, kungcono ukuzinikela ngenxa yempilo ejwayelekile yendlu yamanzi. Ukwelashwa okufanelekile nangesikhathi esifanele kuyisihluthulelo somphumela omuhle ekulweni ne-ichthyophthyroidism.
Izidakamizwa zokwelashwa
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukukhohlisa kuvame ukuholela ekufeni, kunethuba lokubuyela ngokushesha esilwaneni sakho esimweni esiphilile. Kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha ezitholakalayo. Kusetshenziswa womabili amalungiselelo ezokwelapha nezinye izindlela:
I-Antipar. Idalelwe ngqo amachibi okufakelwa. Kufaka i-malachite eluhlaza, okwesibhakabhaka ne-formalin. Kungcono ukuyisebenzisa ku-sedimentator, ngoba i-antipar ithinta kabi i-biosystem esetshenzisiwe, okuholela ekwehlulekeni okukhulu.
Uma kudingekile ukwelapha bonke abahlala khona, kunconyelwa ukuthi kuthathe indawo yekota yevolumu ephelele ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa. Ngemuva kwalokho umuthi ungezwa "embizeni", ngesilinganiso se-1 ml ngamalitha angama-50. Njengomthetho, kungcono ukwenza ukwelashwa okulwa nobusi ebusuku ngokucima isibani nesihlungi. Kungcono ukungondli izinhlanzi ngalesi sikhathi. Isikhathi esifinyelela ezinsukwini eziyi-10,
Usawoti. Enye yezindlela ezindala kakhulu futhi ezifakazelwe kakhulu zokuqeda i-semolina ukwelashwa kasawoti kanye nomkhuhlane. Amanzi afudumele asheshisa imijikelezo yempilo yama-ciliates, nosawoti enza imvelo ingabekezeleleki kubo. Kodwa-ke, namuhla i-ichthyophthyroidism esishisayo ingaba ngumqedazi wesifo. Njengoba wazi, ukhetha indawo efudumele futhi uhlala emanzini anosawoti emvelweni, ngakho-ke le ndlela kungenzeka ingasebenzi. Ukuze ungakhuphi isimo segciwane, ungazifaka esitsheni esehlukile, wehlise i-aeration kube ubuncane futhi uthele usawoti phansi ngaphandle kokuqunjelwa. Lapho ungenwe yi-ichthyophthyroidism ejwayelekile, i-protozoa, ngesikhathi eyehlisela phansi ukuze ihlukaniswe, ifa endaweni enosawoti. Ngale ndlela, kubalulekile ukushintsha amanzi kabili ngosuku. Asikho futhi isiqinisekiso sokuthi kuzosiza ngohlobo lokudalwa kwenhlanzi olushisayo,
Malachite oluhlaza. Indlela elula, engabizi futhi ephumelelayo yokubhekana nokukhohlisa. Eqoqweni elifanele, alimazi umhlaba ophilayo noma wezitshalo.Umuthi uhlanjululwe ngesilinganiso se-0,09 mg / l (wezilwane ezinesikhumba, okuhlushwa kuyamiswa). Izinga lokushisa kumele lenyuswe laya kuma-+26 degrees. Ngomphumela oqinile, ithonsi le-iodine lingangezwa ekwakhiweni. Lo muthi kufanele usetshenziswe nsuku zonke, ungene esikhundleni sekota ngokufana, kuze kube yilapho izimpawu ziphela. Ngemuva kwalokho, nge-prophylaxis, ukwelashwa kwenziwa ezinye izinsuku eziningana. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi umuthi unobuthi kubantu, ngakho-ke udinga ukusebenzisana nawo ngamagilavu,
I-Methylene eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Njengomthetho, isetshenziswa njenge-prophylaxis ngemuva kokwelashwa okuyinhloko. Kulungiswa isixazululo - 10 g we- "blue" ilitha ngalinye. Bese yengezwe kumthamo we-3 ml nge-10 l kuze kube yilapho ilulama kokugcina,
Delagil. Umuthi ngowabantu. Akusebenzi kahle uma kuqhathaniswa nohlaza okwenziwe nge-malachite, kepha akunangozi ngokuphelele ezinhlanzini nasezitshalweni. Ilungiselela isisombululo - 1 ithebhulethi kuwo wonke amalitha angama-30 evolumu. Ngemuva kwalokho ithululelwa enkulisa. Ngesikhathi sokulashwa, udinga ukususa ngokuphelele ukukhanya futhi uhlele kabusha isitsha kude nelanga. I-Delagil izosiza ekuqaleni kwesifo, kungenjalo kudingeka izindlela ezinamandla,
Furatsilin. Kuyasebenza futhi kuphephile kubahlali. Ithebhulethi eli-1 lihlanjululwe ngamalitha angama-30- 40, lithulule njalo emva kwezinsuku ezimbili. Zonke izinsuku udinga ukufaka ingxenye yesithathu yevolumu. Izenzo ziyaphindwa kuze kuphiliswe ngokuphelele,
UFurazolidone. Ukuze ulwe ne-infusoria isetshenziswa ngokuhlangana ne-malachite eluhlaza. Kuvela ithuluzi elisusa ngokunensa nangokuphumelelayo amagciwane. Izothatha ezibhebheni ezi-5 kuye kweziyi-10 ze-furazolidone nge-100 l, no-0.06 mg we-malachite. Ungasebenzisa ukwakheka kwengakapheli iviki elilodwa ngoshintsho lwansuku zonke,
I-hydrogen peroxide. Kuthululelwa ku-aquarium kabili ngosuku, ngesilinganiso esingu-1 ml ngamalitha ayi-10. Isikhathi singamuntu ngamunye, kepha ungayeki uze uqiniseke ukuthi akukho ukutheleleka kwesibili,
Isibani se-UV se-aquarium.
UFormalin. Esikhathini esiningi, sisetshenziswa ngokubambisana ne- “eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka” ne- “malachite” (Antipar), kepha abanye bapholisa izilwane ezifuywayo nge-formalin kuphela. Ithuluzi liyasebenza, kepha kufanele lisetshenziswe ngokucophelela okukhulu. I-0.25 ml yesidakamizwa ilitha ngalinye longezwa nsuku zonke. Zonke izinsuku kuthathelwa ingxenye yesithathu yevolumu. Ukwelashwa kuyaqhubeka kuze kuphele zonke izimpawu zesifo samaphuzu. Kubalulekile ngalesi sikhathi ukuthi uqinisekise ukuthi amanzi ayaqina. Futhi, izitshalo nezitshalo zomzimba zingafa umuthi,
I-potassium permanganate. Kunezinhlelo ezimbili. Esokuqala sifaka ukungezelelwa kwemali ethangini ngesilinganiso se-2 mg / l. Uma ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa amanzi egcwala kakhulu, kunconywa ukuthi uphinde ufake lo muthi. Ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa, amanzi adinga ukushintshwa. Iphinda kuze kube yilapho inhlanzi ibuyiselwe ngokuphelele.
Indlela yesibili ifaka ukusetshenziswa kwe-10 mg / L. Lungiselela indawo yokugeza enesixazululo lapho begcina khona izilwanyana ezifuywayo ezosulelekile isigamu sehora. Ngalesi sikhathi, udinga ukuqapha indlela yokuziphatha, futhi, uma kungukuthi ugoqeke noma uphonse ngokungaphatheki, udluliselwe ngokushesha emanzini ahlanzekile,
I-UV sterilizer. Indlela yesimanje yokwelashwa kokutheleleka nge-protozoa kanye nama-pathogen. Amandla nobude bokusetshenziswa kunqunywa ngokuqinile ngawodwana. Esikhathini esiningi, idivaysi imane icubungula imvelo ezungeze iwashi kuze kuthi lapho izimuncagazi zichithwe ngokuphelele.
Amanye amathuluzi akhethekile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izidakamizwa ezifana neKostapur, SuperIkKyu, Kontraik, njll. Okokuqala, ikota yevolumu iyathathelwa indawo, bese ukukhanya kucishiwe bese isidakamizwa saziswa, ngokwemiyalo. Kungcono ukwenze ebusuku. Ukwelashwa kwenziwa kuze kube yilapho izimpawu ziphela ngokuphelele.
Ezinye izindlela
Yini okufanele uyenze uma inhlanzi ine-ichthyophthyroidism, futhi kuyadingeka ukuphatha abantu abathile e-aquarium ejwayelekile, futhi ayikho indlela yokuthenga amalungiselelo akhethekile? Ungasebenzisa izindlela ezilandelayo:
- Ukushisa kwamanzi. Ama-Microorganics adonsela phambili ukukhula kwe-ichthyophthyroidism akhona ngokududuzeka futhi anda lokushisa lamanzi angeqi ama-degree angama-27. Ngokwanda kwalesi sikhombisi kuya kuma-34- 35 degrees, izimuncagazi ziyafa kungakapheli amahora ambalwa. Kodwa-ke, ngokunikeza okuthandwa yile ndlela, kuyadingeka ukuthi unake izici zezakhamizi zasemanzini nezitshalo ezikuyo.
- Ukungeza usawoti wethebula. Lapho kukhona lesi sifo, ukwelashwa kwezinhlanzi nge-ichthyophthyroidism ku-aquarium ejwayelekile nakho kungaqhutshwa ngosawoti. Kungezwe echibini lokufakelwa engxenyeni yezipuni ezi-1 nge-10 wamalitha amanzi. Ngemuva kwalokho, izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwe-aquarium kumele lenyuswe kancane kancane libe ngama-32 degrees.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-semolina isifo esiyingozi esikhula ngokushesha futhi esidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Ukuhlehlisa kusongela imiphumela eyinhlekelele kubahlali base-aquarium futhi kungaholela ekufeni kwabo. Ngalesi sizathu, lapho kuvela izimpawu zokuqala zokutheleleka, izinyathelo kufanele zithathwe ngokushesha.
Yabelana nabangane bakho:
Ukwelashwa kwe-semolina ku-aquarium ejwayelekile
Ngokushesha lapho izinhlamvu ezimhlophe zibonakala emzimbeni wesilwane, kuyaphuthuma ukuqala ukwelashwa. Okokuqala, kufanele ukhuphule izinga lokushisa. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kancane kancane ukuze kungashayi inhlanzi. Njengoba sesihlale kulezo zinsuku izinsuku eziningana, ukungazethembi kufanele kuqinise kancane.
Kuyadingeka futhi ukuqoqa amanzi amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka kusuka phansi, ususe ama-ciliates alungele ukuzalaniswa. Faka amanzi amasha bese ususa izinhlanzi e-aquarium. Onempilo kufanele atshalwe ngokwehlukana negciwane.
Uma kungenzeki ukutshala izilwane ezitsheni ezihlukile, kufanele kusetshenziswe izindlela ezimnene - furatsilin. Izinsuku ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuqala kokwelashwa ngamaphilisi, izimpawu kufanele zihambuke. Ngemuva kwalokho kuyanconywa ukusebenzisa "i-bluing" ukukhipha amagciwane endaweni ezungezile nokubhubhisa izinhlayiya eziyizinsalela.
Lolu hlu lwezenzo lufanele ukwelashwa kwe-ichthyophthyroidism ku-neon nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi.
Izimbangela zesifo
Ngaphambi kokuqhubekela phambili embuzweni wokuthi ungazilapha kanjani izinhlanzi ze-aquarium, kuyadingeka ukuqonda izimbangela ze-ichthyophthyroidism. Izici ezivame kakhulu ezibangela yilezi:
- Ukuthola izinhlanzi e-aquarium ejwayelekile nomuntu ogulayo. Ama-aquarists okuqala ahlala enza iphutha elijwayelekile - abeke ngokushesha inhlanzi ayitholayo. Uma umhlali omusha egula, ukutheleleka kwenzeka. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, udinga ukubeka "abafikayo" ku-aquarium yokuhlukaniswa yedwa amasonto ama-3-4. Akudingekile ukuthenga isitsha esihlukile, isithambeka esijwayelekile kufanelekile kulezi zinhloso. Uma ngalesi sikhathi kungatholakali zimpawu ezethusayo, ungabambisa izinhlanzi kwezinye. Uma kukhona izifo, ukwelashwa kuyadingeka kuqala, bese ubeka iziboshwa ezintsha endaweni evamile ye-aquarium.
- Ukusebenza njalo kwe-aquarium. Kuyadingeka ukuhlanza ichibi lokufakelwa njengoba liba ngcolile, ngaphandle kokuhlanza imishini yokuhlanza. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi noma yikuphi ukuhlaselwa kweqembu lesithathu ukucindezela kwabakhileyo, yingakho ukungatheleleki kungancishiswa kakhulu ezinhlanzini.
- Ukutheleleka ngokusebenzisa okuphakelayo, inhlabathi, izimila nezinto zokuhlobisa. Ngaphambi kokubeka noma yiziphi izinto ku-aquarium, udinga ukuzithoba ekwelashweni kwe-antiseptic.
- Izinguquko zokushisa ezijwayelekile. Ukushisa kwamanzi okungashintshi nokushintshwa okungazelelwe kusuka ekushiseni ngokweqile kuya kubandayo kungavusa izifo ezihlukahlukene zezinhlanzi.
- I-aquarium engcolisiwe. Ukwenza izinhlanzi zizizwe zikhululekile, kubalulekile ukuhlanza izihlungi nenhlabathi ngendlela esheshayo, kanye nokususa amadiphozithi avela ebusweni bangaphakathi.
Ngokulandela lezi zinyathelo zokuphepha, unganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokutheleleka nge-ichthyophthyroidism.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo kanye nezimpawu eziphambili
ISemolina idalwa ama-pathogenic microorganisms (ichthyophthirius), ihlanganisa nezikhumba esikhunjeni nasezinhlanzini zenhlanzi. Lapho abantu ngamunye engena emzimbeni, aqala ukukhula ngentshiseko, futhi emva kwezinsuku ezingama-3-5 afinyelela usayizi ongu-1 mm. Lokhu kungenzeka uma nje izinga lokushisa lamanzi ku-aquarium ligcinwa lingama-24-25 degrees.
Lapho i-microorganism sesifinyelele “ebudaleni” baso, ishiya umzimba wenhlanzi iyohlala ezansi kwendawo yokugcina amanzi, lapho ibeka khona amasiga. Ukwehlukaniswa kwamaseli endodakazi kwenzeka ngokushesha, kungakapheli amahora angama-6 kuya kwezingu-8, kuthi ngemuva kwezinsuku ezi-2, izinhlayiya “ezisanda kuzalwa” ziqale ukufuna onikelayo.
Ukuhlonza isifo esiyingozi esingathinta zonke izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ze-aquarium, unga ngezimpawu ezilandelayo:
- ukuba khona komzimba wabantu bezindawo ezimhlophe zosayizi omncane, ngesimo esifana nezinhlayiya ze-semolina. Esikhathini sokuqala kwesifo, bambalwa, kepha kancane kancane inani lezindawo ezithintekile liyanda.
- shintsha umbala wombala ne-white plaque esikalini. Ungabona kaningi ukuthi izinhlanzi ezithinteka yilesi sifo zinombala okhanya kancane kunangaphambili.
- isimo sokubuyiselwa kwabantu. Izinhlanzi ezithelelekile zivame ukugcoba imizimba yazo ngokumelene nenhlabathi, ulwelwe kanye nezinto zokuhlobisa.
- ukuntuleka kwesifiso sokudla kanye nokuphendula kokushukumisela kwangaphandle. Lezi zimpawu zenzeka uma isifo sithinta izitho zangaphakathi zenhlanzi. Futhi futhi kulezi zimo, ungabona ukuthi izakhamizi zasemanzini zizulazula kanjani phezulu, ngokuhaha zigwinye umoya.
- ukulahleka kombono. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho izimuncagazi zithinteka yizitho zenhlanzi ezibukwayo.
Lapho kukhona isibonakaliso esisodwa noma eziningi, ukwelashwa kwe-semolina kwenziwa ngokushesha. Ukuhlehlisa kungaholela ekufeni kwezakhamuzi zase-aquarium.
Imithi ye-ichthyophthyroidism
Lapho kuvela inkathazo enjengokukhohlakala kwezinhlanzi ze-aquarium, ukwelashwa kungenziwa kusetshenziswa izindlela ezahlukahlukene. Izidakamizwa ezilandelayo zizibonakalise ngokwazo ngokuphelele:
- I-Antipar. Leli thuluzi lingezwa endaweni yokugcina amanzi, libheka isilinganiso se-1 ml yesidakamizwa ngama-50 amalitha amanzi. Inkambo yokwelashwa yenziwa izinsuku ezingama-5-7, lapho i-1/3 yamanzi izodinga ukushintshwa nsuku zonke.
- Furatsilin. Ukulungiselela ikhambi lokwelapha, udinga ithebhulethi engu-1 yesidakamizwa ngamalitha angama-40 amanzi. Ngaphambi kokubeka umuthi e-aquarium, kufanele uchitheke ngokuphelele emanzini afudumele. Ngemuva kosuku, udinga ukufaka esikhundleni esingu-1/5 kokuqukethwe bese ufaka isixazululo esilungiselelwe kusuka ku-1/2 yethebhulethi kanye ne-100 ml yamanzi. Ukwelashwa kwezinhlanzi nge-semolina nge-furatsilin kwenziwa kusuka ezinsukwini ezi-4 kuya kwezi-6.
- IHydrogen Peroxide 3%. Uma kukhona ukubola enhlanzini, ukwelashwa nakho kungenziwa ngosizo lwaleli thuluzi elivamile. Umthamo wezidakamizwa ezidingekayo zokwelapha izakhamizi zase-aquarium ubalwa ngokuya ngengxenye ye-1 ml yesisombululo kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi. Faka umuthi emanzini izikhathi ezimbili ngosuku. Inkambo yokwelashwa yenziwa kuze kube yilapho abantu belulama ngokuphelele.
- Malachite oluhlaza. Ukwelapha ngempumelelo i-semolina ezinhlanzini ze-aquarium ngaleli thuluzi, uzodinga ukubheka ukugcotshwa kwe-0,06 mg yesisombululo kwilitha elilodwa lamanzi. Inani elikhulu lomuthi alibekezelelwa kahle yinhlanzi, ngakho-ke ungangeqi umthamo. Inkambo yokwelashwa yenziwa kuze kube yilapho abantu belulama ngokuphelele, futhi ngokufakwa ngakunye komuthi kuyadingeka ukubuyisela okungu-1/4 kokuqukethwe okugcinwe endaweni yokufakelwa.
Ukufeza umphumela omkhulu, kuvunyelwe ukuhlanganisa lesi sidakamizwa nezidakamizwa ze-nitrofuran noma i-furacilin. Futhi ungathenga nemithi ekhethekile yokwelashwa kwe-ichthyophthyroidism futhi uyisebenzise ngokuya ngemiyalo enamathiselwe.
Ungayiphatha kanjani i-ichthyophthyroidism namuhla?
Kuze kube manje, amasu amabili okwelapha izinhlanzi ezivela ku-semolina ku-aquarium ejwayelekile anganikezwa. Eyodwa idinga ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa zasekhemisi: furazolidone ne-analgin-quinine, noma i-delagil, nenye - isidakamizwa esine-zethusi esine-NILPA Helamed. Kuzo zombili izikimu, ngaphezu kwalokho, kusetshenziswe ezinye izidakamizwa ezisuselwa ku-malachite green. Kepha kungcono (futhi kuphephile!) Ukuthatha i-NILPA Prototsid. Ungasebenzisa zombili izikimu ngasikhathi sinye e-aquarium eyodwa, kepha kulokhu udinga ukuba nesipiliyoni ekwelapheni izinhlanzi zasemanzini. Ukuhlela ukushaya okunje nge-mega-super to ichthyophthyroidism kungenangqondo kuphela uma izinhlanzi zihlakazeka kakhulu nge-semolina noma i-bots kungama-clown abahlala bekulukhuni kakhulu ukusindisa ku-ichthyophthyroidism.
1. Indlela yokwelashwa yeFurazolidin-quinine, manje esesingabhekwa njenge-classic, yahlongozwa okokuqala kimi kumphakathi obanzi we-aquarium lapha e-Aquarium ngoMeyi 2014 (ngibe ngiyisebenzisa iminyaka engaphezu kwe-10, futhi ukwelashwa nge-furazolidone ne-malachite greens kwahlongozwa emuva ngo-2003). Le ndlela isize abantu abaningi basolwandle basindisa izinhlanzi zabo. Futhi ngenkathi iqhubeka isebenza kakhulu. Ohlelweni lokuqala lwalesi sihloko, ngabhala: "Sisebenzisele impilo. Uma kunjalo sizobe nokuthile." Futhi manje isikhathi sokuza. Kwesinye isikhathi (ngenkathi kusajwayelekile, kepha kusenzima.) Indlela ye-furazolidone-quinine ayisebenzi noma iphatha ngokweqile.
2. Ukwelashwa okuhlanganisiwe ne-NILPA Protocid ne-NILPA Helamed Kubonakale kukuhle impela njengenye indlela yokwelashwa engenye futhi njengengeziwe kokuqala. Icebo labo ukuthi alisebenzisi ithusi nje kuphela, nelinobuthi futhi ngezinhlanzi, kepha alithusi njengezinhlanzi kepha alinayo ubuthi ezinhlanzini nakuma-ciliates we-parasitic, avumela ukusetshenziswa kwezindawo zethusi ezivele zinobuthi kuma-ichthyophthiriuse namanye ama-ectopularas ectopular. namanje ayinangozi inhlanzi.
Yini edingekayo ekwelashweni ngendlela ye-furazolidone-quinine:
Ukuze wenze inkambo yokwelashwa kwezinhlanzi ezivela ku-semolina, udinga ukugcwala emithini elandelayo kusuka ekhemisi lomuntu: analgin-quinine noma delagil (ongakuthenga) ne-furazolidone . Futhi esitolo sezilwane ezifuywayo: iPunctolus plus, noma iPrototsidom (eyokugcina ayincishisi, noma isebenze kakhulu, kepha ishibhile kakhulu) . Le mithi yezinhlanzi ilungile ngoba ayinayo i-formalin, ezinye izinhlanzi nama-invertebrates angazibekezeleli. Kepha uma le mithi ingekho, ingathathelwa indawo PMC, i-Costapur, i-omnisan, i-antipar, ichthyophore namanye amalungiselelo aluhlaza we-malachite 1) .
I-NILPA PROTOCID - Umuthi omusha osebenzayo wokwelapha izinhlanzi ezivela ku-semolina-ichthyophthyroidism nezinye izifo zeprotozoal! |
Uhlobo lokwelashwa:
Siletha iPrototsid noma amalungiselelo afanayo nge-malachite eluhlaza okwesisekelo ku-aquarium ngesilinganiso esichazwe umenzi. Okwamanje, kunezidakamizwa eziningi ezahlukahlukene ezine-malachite eluhlaza, okuhlushwa nekhwalithi yazo kungahluka kakhulu-ke, ngaphambi kokusebenzisa isidakamizwa esithi “anti-anti-thyroid” kuyadingeka ukubheka imiyalo enamathiselwe futhi usebenzise umthamo okhonjiswe kuyo . Ngesikhathi esifanayo ne-Protocid (noma i-analogue yayo), singeza i-analgin-quinine (i-sodium metamizole 200 mg + quinine hydrochloride 50 mg) noma i-delagil (chloroquine 250 mg) ku-aquarium emthanjeni wethebula eli-1 nge-25 l. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, lapho izinhlanzi zisakazeke kakhulu nge-semolina, futhi uma izitshalo ze-aquarium zingadabuki kakhulu, sengeza ne-furazolidone kumthamo wethebhulethi eyi-1 nge-15 l, futhi sikhuphule umthamo we-analgininin noma i-delagil kuya 1 kwetafula ngalinye. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-furozolidone ekwelapheni amacala amakhulu e-ichthyophthyroidism kwandisa kakhulu amathuba okuphumelela.
Ungawenza kanjani amaphilisi e-aquarium? Ungagaya amaphilisi abe yimpuphu odakeni. Ungazigaya ndawonye, bese uzifaka enkomishini enamanzi emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni bese uhlangana kahle kuze kutholakale ukumiswa okungahambi kahle. Lokhu kumiswa (kuwuketshezi olunodaka olunezinhlayiya ezincane zemithi) kufanele kuthululelwe ku-aquarium. Kungcono ukuthulula ngaphansi komthombo wokuhlunga. Akufanele ulindele ukuthi i-powder ethelwa endebeni kufanele ichitheke ngokuphelele, lokhu ngeke kwenzeke, noma ungaxubana kahle futhi isikhathi eside kangakanani. Kuzoba ukumiswa nje nje. Ungakhathazeki, ngemuva kokuthulula ku-aquarium, i-turbidity izodlula ngokushesha. Kuhle ukuthatha amanzi abilisiwe ukuze uthole ukumiswa kumathebulethi achotshoziwe.
Uma udaka lungekho ekhaya, mane ubeke izibhebhe enkomishini yamanzi bese ulinda zize zikhule kahle. Kuzothatha imizuzu engama-20.Bese uxuba kahle kuze kube yilapho uthola ukumiswa okufanayo kwe-homogeneous bese uthelela ku-aquarium. Ukumiswa kungaguqulwa ngokwengxenye kube yi-emulsion futhi, ngaleyo ndlela, kusheshiswe umphumela wawo wokwelapha uma kungenjalo amanzi, kodwa i-melafix noma i-analogues yakhe yasekhaya. I-Melafix, ngaphezu kwalokho, isiza ekwelapheni isikhumba senhlanzi, okuthi, nge-ichthyophthyroidism, silinyazwe kakhulu, ngoba "senziwe" ngama-trophons avuthiwe avela ngaphansi kwengqimba ye-epidermis.
Ngosuku olulandelayo (okusho ukuthi, ngosuku lwesithathu ngemuva kwesicelo sokuqala), siphinda ukusetshenziswa kwazo zonke izidakamizwa ezingenhla ngemuva kokushintsha kwamanzi okuyingxenye (25 - 35% yevolumu ye-aquarium). Esikhathini esiningi, izinga lokushisa lamanzi ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-semolina kufanele ligcinwe ku-28 ° C. Noma kunjalo, izinhlobo zezinhlanzi kanye lokushisa kwamanzi lapho zazigcinwe khona ngaphambi kokuba isifo sibhekwe. Isibonelo, uma izinga lokushisa lalingama-20 ° C nje futhi inhlanzi ihlala kuleliqondo lokushisa isikhathi eside, ungakhuphula ngo-3 degrees. Ekuhambeni kwezokwelapha izinsuku ezi-4 - 5, zilethe ku-26 ° C. Futhi e-aquarium enezinhlanzi ezifudumele zamanzi afudumele, ehlala ihlala emazingeni okushisa angama-30- 32 ° C, ngesikhathi sokwelashwa akudingekile ukuphakamisa izinga lokushisa lamanzi liphakeme kakhulu.
Olunye usuku (okungukuthi, ngolwesihlanu ngemuva kokuqala kokwelashwa), siphinda kwethulwa zonke izidakamizwa, futhi emuva koshintsho oluncane lwamanzi. Idiphozithi elandelayo ingosuku lwe-7. nokunye kuze kube yilapho izinhlanzi sezelaphe ngokuphelele. Kusukela ngosuku lwe-7, umthamo we-furazolidone kufanele wehliswe kwethebhulethi eli-1 ngamalitha angama-25, kanye ne-anggin-quinine noma i-delagil kuya kuthebhulethi eyi-1 ngamalitha angama-40. Futhi ukufaka isandla ekwelashweni kwezinhlanzi ezivela ku-semolina, ukwethula emanzini we-aquarium i-tinication ye-ekhemisi ye-iodine enanini lamaconsi amahlanu nge-10 l lamanzi noma 1 ml we-iodinol nge-5 l. Udinga ukwenza imizuzu eyi-10-15 ngaphambi kokungeza yonke eminye izidakamizwa.
UNILPA KHELAMED - ikhambi elihle kakhulu ngokumelene nokukhohlisa. Isici esibalulekile salo muthi ukuthi uqukethe i-chelated zethusi, okungeyona inobuthi enhlanzini, kepha ebulala i-parotoic protozoa, njengokuthi, ngokwesibonelo, ama-ichthyophthyroidism agents abambelela. |
Ungayondla kanjani inhlanzi futhi usebenzise imishini ye-aquarium ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-semolina (ichthyophthyroidism)?
Uma kudliwa izinhlanzi, kufanele zondliwe kahle ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Kungcono ukwephula inani lokudla okudliwayo ngosuku kube izingxenye ezimbili bese udla omunye ekuseni bese omunye kusihlwa. Uma usetha konke okuphakelayo ngasikhathi sinye, khona-ke lokhu kuzodala ingcindezi eningi ohlelweni lokuphefumula lwezinhlanzi.
I-aquarium lapho izinhlanzi ziphathwa khona nge-semolina kufanele ihanjiswe kahle.
Awudingi ukucima isibani ngesikhathi sokulashwa uma usebenzisa isibani se-aquarium ejwayelekile. Ukuwohloka okusheshayo kwezidakamizwa kungenziwa kusize ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile noma imishini yokukhanyisa amandla afanayo.
I-sterilizer ye-UV, uma ikhona, kufanele icishwe. Susa i-oxidizer ku-aquarium.
Ngesikhathi sokulashwa, i-carbon noma i-zeolite eyenziwe isebenze akufanele isetshenziswe kusihlungi.
Yini okufanele uyenze uma ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwezinhlanzi ezivela ku-semolina ukugxila kwe-ammonia kanye / noma ama-nitrites ekukhuleni kwamanzi?
Ngincoma ngokuqinile ukuthi ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, hlola amanzi e-aquarium e-ammonia / ammonia ne-nitrite ion. Uma umkhawulo wokugcotshwa kwe-ammonia / ammonia (0.5 mg / l) wedluliwe, sebenzisa amalungiselelo anjenge-NILPA Antiammonia noma i-API Ammo-Lock, futhi uma okuqukethwe kwe-nitrite kungaphezu kwe-0,2 mg / l, engeza usawoti wethebula omncane ku-aquarium (itiye ukhezo ngaphandle phezulu nge-100 l).
Ekuphetheni, amaqiniso e-banal: ukwelashwa kwe-semolina (ichthyophthyroidism) kuzosebenza kakhulu uma kubonwa ngesikhathi esifanele, okungukuthi, esiteji sokuvela kwelinye lamachashazi amhlophe ambalwa noma uma empeleniinkohliso (ichthyophthyroidism). Ngakho-ke, ake sibheke le nhlekelele futhi, ukuzethemba okwengeziwe ekuxilongeni:
Unombuzo? Buza esithangamini, kunesihloko esikhethekile mayelana ne-ichthyophthyroidism: "ukwelashwa kwe-semolina ".
Izinto ezilandelayo zingafundwa mayelana nokwelashwa kwe-semolina nezimbangela ze-ichthyophthyroidism: Ichthyophthyrius yasekhaya futhi ingeniswa, amafomu we-ichthyophthyroidism. Ichthyophthyroidism - ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa. Ukubhalwa kombhalo mayelana nezigaba ezibalulekile zomjikelezo wempilo we-ichthyophthyrius, Ichthyophthyroidism: ifomu le-gill elifihlekile. ,Ichthyophthyroidism: imibuzo, izimpendulo, ukwelashwa kanjani?
Yebo, ukuthola umthamo: nge-semolina ungondla izinhlanzi zasemanzini, akukho semolina yangempela, hhayi ama-pathogens anonya we-ichthyophthyroidism. Ufuna ukuthola ukuthi kungani? Bese ufunda: Ukudla okungajwayelekile kwezinhlanzi ze-aquarium: kanjani futhi kungani ukondla izinhlanzi zasemanzini nge-semolina. Futhi lapha ungabona ukuthi inhlanzi ye-aquarium - i-cockerel yaseSiamese idla kanjani i-semolina, futhi ingabe i-semolina ngayinye inamathela enhlanzini efanayo ngempela nezimpawu ze-ichthyophthyroidism? Ukukhuluma iqiniso, hhayi ngempela.
Cockerel ekukhohliseni
Izimpawu nezimbangela zesifo
Uma izinhlanzi ezise-aquarium zinamachashazi amhlophe ebusweni bomzimba, khona-ke lolu uphawu olukhulu lwesifo esivelayo. Ekuqaleni, amabala avela ngenani elincane, khona-ke nsuku zonke kuba namachashazi amhlophe ngaphezulu. Amachashazi amhlophe ezinhlanzini awankulu kune-semolina okusanhlamvu. Ichthyophthyroidism in izinhlanzi ikhula namagciwane angena e-aquarium, ichthyophthirius ciliates, kanye nokudla, inhlabathi namanzi. Amagciwane asuselwa esikalini senhlanzi. I-decoy enhlanzini empeleni ayisiwona amabala amhlophe, kepha ama-tubercles lapho izinambuzane ziphuma khona.
- ukungaziphathi
- izinhlanzi zihlikihla imizimba yazo ezintweni, izitshalo nomhlabathi,
- uma kulimala izitho zangaphakathi, izilwane ezifuywayo ziba nezithambiso zangaphandle, isifiso sokudla siyanyamalala, zivame ukutholakala ebusweni be-aquarium, ukugwinya umoya,
- ngomonakalo odongeni, kuphuphuka ubumpumputhe,
- umbala wesikali nokufifiyela kuyafiphala,
- izikali zimbozwe ngembobo emhlophe.
Ngaphandle kwesinyathelo esisheshayo, izakhamizi zase-aquarium zingafa ngenxa yokuntuleka komoya-mpilo kanye nomonakalo we-epithelium yendawo enkulu.
Izinhlobo ezithinteka kakhulu ngabantu abangama-viviparous. Ebantwini, le bacterium ayinangozi.
Izimbangela zokutheleleka kwezinhlanzi nge-decoy:
- Ukudla okuphilayo, kunzima kakhulu ukususa izimuncagazi ezitshalweni ezilethwe ezindaweni ezishisayo,
- ukubonakala kwenhlanzi entsha emanzini
- umhlabathi ongcolile
- ngenxa yokuhlanzwa okungasasebenzi kwe-aquarium esezingeni eliphansi nokungajwayelekile: hlanza i-coating ezindongeni, ugeze isihlungi,
- amanzi abandayo
- umehluko wokushisa ku-aquarium,
- ukucindezela
Esigabeni sokuqala sokutheleleka, ngaphambi kokuvela kwe-Ichthyophthirius (elinye igama lalesi sifo), akunakwenzeka ukubona ngamehlo anqunu.
Ichthyophthyridiosis ukwelashwa kasawoti
Le ndlela ilungele ukwelashwa kwama-ciliates avela emanzini endawo, njengoba amagciwane asezindaweni ezishisayo abekezelela kahle amanzi kasawoti. Usawoti kumele ubalwe lapho kubalwa isipuni esisodwa samalitha ayi-10 amanzi, ngenkathi ukukhulisa izinga lokushisa kube ngama-32 degrees. Isikhathi sokwelashwa siyizinsuku eziyi-14. Ngemuva kokulashwa izinsuku ezingama-30, kuyadingeka ukufaka amanzi ngamaphesenti angama-30 njalo ngeviki. Ukusebenza kahle kutholakala ngokunciphisa inani lomoya-mpilo wempilo yama-ciliates, futhi izinga lokushisa elandayo lamanzi livimbela ukuzala kwabo.
"Malachite Green"
Ukusebenza komuthi kushiywa yisici sokuthi ukuqoqwa kwe-0,09 mg / l yezinhlanzi nezitshalo kubekezelelwa kabi, kanti ukwehla kokuxineka kuholela ekwehleni kokusebenza kahle. Futhi futhi kuyinkomba yokungabi ngaphezu kwe-0,06 mg / l kunconyelwa uma izinhlanzi ezincane kanye nabamele ngaphandle kwesikali bahlala e-aquarium. Kwethulwa kancane kancane kuze kube yilapho ama-rashes enyamalala, nezinsuku ezimbalwa emva kokuqedwa kwezimpawu ezibonakalayo. Ngokufakwa ngakunye okusha komuthi, kuyadingeka ukubuyisela amanzi.
Ingxube yemithi eluhlaza ye-malachite nabanye
Inhlanganisela yakhelwe ukulwa ngempumelelo ukutheleleka, kubalulekile ukwenza ukwelashwa okunjalo kuphela kubagcini bejele, ngoba ukusetshenziswa kwalawa ma-ejenti kuphazamisa ukuhlunga kwebhayoloji.
Izidakamizwa ezilandelayo zisetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-semolina inhlanzi:
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-malachite eluhlaza, i-methylene eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ne-formalin kusiza ngempumelelo ukulwa ne-ichthyophthyroidism. Ingxube yalezi zidakamizwa ibizwa ngokuthi ukwelashwa kwe-anti-steam.
Ukwelashwa kwe-ichthyophthyroidism nge-furacilin kubuye kube yi-ejenti enhle ye-antimicrobial. IFuratsilin iyathengiswa esitolo sezidakamizwa. Isidakamizwa siyadingeka ngendlela yamaphilisi kumthamo we-0,02 g. Ukwelapha, udinga ukubeka amaphilisi we-1.5 emanzini afudumele, ukuze uchithe ngokuphelele. Faka isisombululo esiluhlaza esichaziwe ngaphambili se-malachite kuketshezi Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwanele nge-aquarium enomthamo wamalitha angama-20.
Uma i-furatsilin isetshenziswa ngaphandle kokuhlanganiswa nezinye izidakamizwa, khona-ke kubalwa amaphilisi ama-6-8 ngamalitha amanzi ayi-100. Zonke izinsuku ngezinsuku ezingama-4-6, amanzi kufanele aguqulwe ngo-20% bese engeza isigamu samacwecwe ancibilikile.
Amalungiselelo omkhiqizo we-ichthyophthyroidism enhlanzini ze-aquarium:
- Umkhiqizi uSera,
- Umenzi weTetra,
- I-Aquarium Pharmaceuticals (API),
- I-JBL Punktol ULTRA (ngezigaba ezinzima zesifo).
I-Aquarium Pharmaceuticals iyatholakala ngefosulethi nefomu lewuketshezi. Umuthi owuketshezi unokwakheka okuhlukile kumaphilisi futhi usetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwe-capsule noma ukubuyiselwa ngendlela yesifo.
USemka onhlanzi uboleka kahle ekwelashweni nezidakamizwa ezikhethekile zasekhemisi. Amacwecwe akhiqizwa abakhiqizi abahlukile, uhlu lwemithi yezinhlanzi ze-semolina luvuselelwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi leyo mithi eyayiphathwa ngaphambilini ilahlekelwa ukusebenza kwayo, amagciwane athola ukungatheleleki, ngakho-ke izindlela zokwelapha izinhlanzi zihlala zenziwa ngcono.
Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa umuthi we-ichthyophthyroidism, kubalulekile ukufunda ngokucophelela imiyalo, umuthi ngamunye unokwakheka kwawo nezimpawu zokwelapha ezinemiphumela ehlukile kwabakhileyo be-aquarium.
Ngokubhekela ekwelashweni kwezakhamizi zasesitolo, kunconyelwa ukulandela izeluleko ezilandelayo zokwelashwa kwe-ichthyophthyridosis:
- ukwanda okwengeziwe ku-aeration,
- gcina okushisa kwamanzi okudingakalayo.
Ngemuva kokwelashwa, i-aquarium kufanele ikhululwe ezinhlanzini futhi ishiywe izinsuku eziningana. Ukushisa kwamanzi kufanele kube ngaphakathi kwama-degrees angama-32. Okokuhlunga, sebenzisa amalahle ukususa izidakamizwa kwichibi. Akudingekile ukususa iminenke nezitshalo ezivela ku-aquarium.
Izimpawu nezimpawu zokukhohlisa
Ukuvela kwamazimba emzimbeni we-phenotypes kubhekwa njengophawu oluphambili lwesifo se-semolina - ekuqaleni inani laso lincane, kepha kancane kancane isibalo se-tubercles siyakhuphuka. Amagciwane adonsela phansi i-semolina enhlanzi ingena ethangini kanye namanzi athelelekile, ukudla noma i-substrate, bese enamathisela esikalini sezinhlanzi ze-aquarium. Kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi kusuka ezinqwabeni ezikhanyayo emzimbeni wenhlanzi enegciwane, amagciwane ayakwazi ukuphuma ngaphandle, ngaleyo ndlela atheleleke bonke abakhileyo endaweni yokugcina amanzi. Kodwa-ke, izazi zasemanzini ziyajabula ngeqiniso lokuthi izinhlanzi eziye zine-ichthyophthyroidism zakha ukungagcineki kwalesi sifo.
Izimpawu ze-semolina ezinhlanzini ze-aquarium zivezwa kula maphuzu alandelayo:
- Abantu abagulayo babonakala ngokuziphatha okungazinzile: ukushesha ngezindlela ezihlukile, ukuzama ukuklwebheka endaweni enzima ethangini.
- Ngokulimala kwezitho, izilwane ezifuywayo zilahlekelwa umsebenzi, ziba ngokungakhathali.
- Izinhlanzi ziphelelwe ngumdla, zama ukukhuphukela phezulu ukuthatha umoya womoya.
- Isidumbu sabahlali abangaphansi kwamanzi simbozwe izindawo ezimhlophe ezikhula, semboza umzimba wonke ngefilimu emhlophe. Ngokuthuthuka okuthe xaxa, lesi sifo singadala ubumpumputhe.
Uma ungaqali ukwelashwa kwe-decoy, khona-ke abantu abanegciwane bazokufa ngenxa yokuntuleka komoya nomonakalo womzimba.
Izimbangela zokutheleleka
Ukwelashwa kwe-semolina ezinhlanzini ze-aquarium kuyinkimbinkimbi yokuthi ezigabeni zokuqala cishe akunakwenzeka ukubona ukugula. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi lesi sifo sisabalale ngokushesha, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukwelapha i-ichthyophthyroidism ku-aquarium ejwayelekile ukuze ugweme ukutheleleka kabusha. Ososayensi bathole ukuthi kaningi lokhu kugula kulandela ama-phenipypes ama-viviparous. Kumuntu, ukukhohlisa akuyona ingozi.
Izizathu eziyinhloko zokubonakala kwe-semolina yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Ukondla ukudla okuthelelekile okuthelelekile.
- Ukuvuselelwa kwabantu abagulayo ethangini kuya kwezinye izinhlanzi.
- Ukubekwa kwenhlabathi lapho ama-pathogen akhona.
- Ukuntuleka kokuhlanzwa ezitsheni kanye noshintsho lwamanzi.
- Ushintsho olungazelelwe ekushiseni koketshezi.
- Ukuba khona kwezimo ezidala ukucindezela kwezilwane ezifuywayo.
Ungayelapha kanjani i-ichthyophthyroidism
Ngaphambi kokulapha i-semolina e-aquarium ejwayelekile, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi kanye nezinqubo zokwelashwa, kubalulekile ukukhipha isibulala-gciwane ithangi ngokwalo, ngaphandle kwalokho lesi sifo sizobuya futhi. Kufanele futhi uthathe isinyathelo ngokushesha: ungapholisa inhlanzi kuphela ngokuphathwa okufika ngesikhathi, futhi uma kungekho zinyathelo, izilwane ezifuywayo ezigulayo zingafa ngesonto.
Ukwelashwa kwenkohliso ezinhlanzini kungenziwa ngezindlela eziningi, ngamunye ofanele ukucatshangelwa kabanzi.
Usawoti
Ukuqedwa kwe-semolina ngosawoti kuzophumelela uma ama-pathogen engena ku-aquarium ephuma emanzini endawo. Ngeshwa, ama-ciliates asezindaweni ezishisayo abekezelela ngokuphelele amanzi kasawoti, ngakho-ke le ndlela ayisebenzi kubo.
Ungayiphatha kanjani inhlanzi nge-semolina ngosawoti:
- Kuyadingeka ukukala inani elifanele likasawoti ngesilinganiso se-1 tbsp. ukhezo / 10 l koketshezi, bese ufaka esitsheni.
- Ngemuva kwalokho, izinga lokushisa landa kancane kancane liye ku-32C. Inkambo yokwelashwa ingamaviki ama-2.
Ngemuva kokuqeda ukwelashwa, inyanga ezayo idinga ukuvuselelwa masonto onke nge-30% yevolumu.
Malachite oluhlaza
Isifo senhlanzi i-Aquarium singasuswa ngama-malachite greens. Ukuqeda lesi sifo, udinga ukuthulula lo muthi ethamini ngesilinganiso sika-0,09 mg / 1 litre ketshezi. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, okuhlushwa kwehliselwa ku-0,06 mg / 1 ilitha lamanzi, ngenkathi ngakolunye uhlangothi kwenza ushintsho lwamanzi nsuku zonke ngenani lama-25%. Inkambo yokwelashwa iyaqhubeka kuze kube yilapho ama-tubercles akhanyayo emzimbeni wewadi, nezinye izinsuku ezingama-2-3 ngemuva kokunyamalala kwabo ukuze ekugcineni banqobe i-ichthyophthyroidism.
I-hydrogen peroxide
IHydrogen peroxide iyikhambi eliyisimangaliso elivame ukusetshenziswa ukuqeda izifo zezinhlanzi zasemanzini. Uma sesisetshenzisiwe, i-aquible medium izogcwaliswa komoya-mpilo, ozokwenza lula isimo sezigceme. Ungasusa kanjani inkohliso:
- Ukwelashwa, uzodinga i-3% hydrogen peroxide, lapho kulungiswa khona ikhambi lokwelapha.
- Umkhiqizo uvuselelwa emanzini ngesilinganiso se-1 ml / 10 l koketshezi.
Lapho usebenzisa i-hydrogen peroxide, umthamo onconyiwe kufanele ubhekwe ngokucophelela, ngaphandle kwalokho kungadala ukulimala kubantu abangaphansi kwamanzi.
Ezinye izindlela
Ngokubona i-ichthyophthyroidism enhlanzi, ungonga izilwane ezifuywayo futhi uqede i-semolina nge-furacilin noma ezinye izindlela:
- I-Antipar - ikhambi elisebenzayo nelisimangaliso ngokusekelwe ku-formalin nohlaza okhanyayo. Ukwelashwa, umuthi usetshenziswa inani le-1 ml / 50 l yetshezi. Isikhathi sokusetshenziswa siyizinsuku ezi-5. Okubi kakhulu ngomuthi ukuthi awubonwa kahle yinhlanzi, kanti ezinye izilwane ezifuywayo zingafa. Abasolwandle abanolwazi ngesinye isikhathi bayazidela ngale ndlela ukusindisa okungenani ingxenye yezinhlanzi.
- I-Furacilin - umkhiqizo uyatholakala ngesimo sempuphu ephuzi. Ukususa izimuncagazi ku-aquarium, isixazululo esilungiselelwe ngesilinganiso se-0,1 g / 50 l koketshezi sengezwe ku-aqueous medium. Inkambo yokwelashwa ihlala amasonto ama-2, ngemuva kokusetshenziswa ngakunye kufanele kuvuselelwe amanzi ethangini.
- Izidakamizwa zegama lomkhiqizo - embonini ye-aquarium kunemikhiqizo eminingi yobuchwepheshe, phakathi kwayo iTetra, iSulphur neminye kudumile. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa izidakamizwa zobungcweti, kufanele ufunde ngokucophelela imiyalo nezincomo zabakhiqizi.
Izeluleko Ezilusizo
I-Fish decoy yisifo esiyingozi okungafanele singanakwa. Noma ngabe iyiphi indlela ekhethiwe, kanye nokwelashwa, ochwepheshe batusa ukulandela imiyalo elandelayo:
- Ukuqinisa i-aeration endaweni yokugcina impahla yokwenziwa.
- Gada izinga lokushisa elidingekayo lemvelo yasemanzini.
Ngemuva kokuthi ukwelashwa kwale nhlanzi kuphothulwe, kuyadingeka ukuphinda usebenze kabusha kubo bonke abahlali esitsheni esihlukile, kushiye i-aquarium ingenalutho. Ku-aquarium yakudala, kuyadingeka ukugcina izinga lokushisa le-32C, ufake amafilitha ekhabhoni ukususa izinsalela zezidakamizwa. I-Shellfish kanye nezitshalo ezidliwayo akudingeki zisuswe endaweni yokugcina amanzi.