Kumavase asendulo aseShayina nokuphrinta kwesilika, isithombe sesidalwa esishabalalisayo sasivame ukunikezwa - inkawu enobuso obuluhlaza kanye nezinwele ezikhanyayo zegolide. AbaseYurophu bajabulele ukwakhiwa kwamakhosi aseChina, bengazi ukuthi isilwane esinjalo singaba khona ngokoqobo yini, kwakubukeka ngathi kunesitayela futhi kumnandi njengoba isithombe sedragons emidwebeni efanayo.
Zoo
Inkawu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (Pygathrix roxellana)
Isigaba - Izimbumbulu
Isikwele - izimfanelo
Isizinda - izimfanelo eziphakeme
I-Superfamily - Izinkawu eziphansi ezingenalutho
Umndeni - Inkawu
Subfamily - Izinkawu ezinemizimba emincane
Induku - Pigatrix
Izinkawu zegolide ezi-snub-nosed zitholakala eningizimu nasenkabeni yeChina. Izidleke ezinkulu kunazo zonke zihlala eVolun National Reserve (iSichuan).
Umndeni - owesilisa, abesifazane abaningi nezizukulwane zabo - uchitha iningi lempilo yabo ezihlahleni futhi wehlela emhlabathini kuphela ukucacisa ubudlelwane nezihlobo noma omakhelwane. Kodwa-ke, ngengozi encane, ugibela ngokushesha esiqongweni sezihlahla.
Ubude bomzimba nezinhloko zezinkawu ezindala zingama-57-75 cm, ubude bomsila buyi-50-70 cm. Isisindo samaduna ngamakhilogremu ayi-16, izinsikazi zikhulu kakhulu: zingaba nesisindo esingama-35 kg. Abesilisa bafika esikhathini sokuthomba beneminyaka engu-7 ubudala, abesifazane - iminyaka engama-4-5. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga eziyi-7. Bobabili abazali banakekela amawundlu.
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Kuyaziwa ukuthi izinkawu ziyizilwane zasezindaweni ezishisayo kuphela, iningi lazo lihlala ezindaweni lapho kungakaze kube khona amazinga okushisa amabi. Ambalwa kakhulu (ama-macaque aseJapan nawaseNyakatho ne-Afrika okwazile ukwenza kahle ubuhlakani). Kepha ezindaweni eziphakeme eziphakemeyo, lapho kukhona ubusika bangempela ngeqhwa nesithwathwa, azenzeki.
Ngokwedlule, ama-rhinopithecines awaphumi kulo mthetho - izindawo zawo zihlala endaweni ephakeme ye-subtropics and tropical. Kepha izinkawu zihlala ezintabeni endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayinkulungwane nengxenye kuya kwamamitha amathathu. Ingxenye engezansi yaleli bhande ihlalwa ngamathanga e-bamboo nama-evergreens. Ebusika, amazinga okushisa ngaphansi kwe-zero nokuwa kweqhwa kwenzeka lapha. Kodwa ama-primates kulezi zimo ezingafanele kubo azizwa ekhululekile kakhulu ukuthi avame ukubizwa ngokuthi "izinkawu zeqhwa."
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Kepha yimuphi kubo ongagaya amagxolo esihlahla noma izinaliti zikaphayini? Futhi i-rhinopithecus ayibekezeleli kuphela lolu roughage, kepha futhi ne-lichen yehlathi. Vele, lapho kunokukhethwa, izinkawu zegolide zithanda into efanayo nazo zonke izinkawu - izithelo namantongomane.
Ayesabi iqhwa nesithwathwa, ekwazi ukuthola ukudla noma kuphi, igolide lalichuma kuleyo nkathi lapho izintaba zaseningizimu nephakathi neChina zazimbozwe ihlathi elingapheli. Kodwa-ke, abalimi baseChina abasebenza ngokuzikhandla, emakhulwini eminyaka edlule, banqoba amazwe amasha ahlala ehlathini. U-Arman David usebuyele e-Europe wabhala nge-alamu ngekusasa lezilwane zasendle zezwe, azithanda kakhulu. Cishe sekudlule iminyaka eyi-130 kusukela lapho. Sonke lesi sikhathi, ngenkathi ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi amaShayina kuqhubeka, izinkawu zahlupheka kakhulu kunezinye izakhamuzi zasehlathini: nazo zahlushwa ukuqothulwa okuqondile. Ukudla kwaseChinese kuphatha noma iyiphi inkawu njengokudla okumnandi, ngaphezu kwalokho, uboya be-rhinopithecus muhle hhayi kuphela futhi buqinile, kepha futhi “buyasiza” kusuka ku-rheumatism ...
Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, iziphathimandla zaseChinese sezizwile. Izinkawu zegolide zithathwa ngaphansi kokuvikelwa; kunethiwekhi yezinqolobane namapaki sezakhiwe ezindaweni zazo zokuhlala. Izinyathelo ezinqala ngokumelene nabazingeli bavunyelwe ukucindezela ukudoba ngokungemthetho futhi bavikele nosongo lokubhujiswa kwalezi zilwane ezimangalisayo. Manje cishe bangama-5 000 ama-rhinopithecus ahlala emahlathini endawo. Lokhu akukuningi, kepha ngokweqiniso isibalo sabantu abanalesi size sikwazi impilo engenamkhawulo. Inkinga ukuthi akekho umuntu oyedwa: izinkawu zihlala emindenini ehlukene eziqhingini zehlathi, zihlukaniswe ulwandle olungenakunqotshwa kuzo. Ngaleso sikhathi, umndeni oyinkawu ojwayelekile (owesilisa osekhulile, omkakhe abaningana kanye nezingane zabo zeminyaka ehlukile - izilwane ezingama-40 kuphela) zidinga ama-15 kuya kwangama-50 km2 ehlathi ukuze ziphile. Ngakho-ke, imindeni embalwa kuphela ehlala esiqhingini ngasinye, noma ngisho neyodwa. Ukushintshwa kwezakhi zofuzo phakathi kwamaqembu anjalo akunakwenzeka, futhi lokhu kwenza ukuthi zizalwe izizukulwane eziningana. Ochwepheshe abakazitholi izindlela zokuxazulula le nkinga. Kuxoxwa ngemibono yokufudusa izilwane ezisencane kwenye indawo iye kwenye noma kukhululwe izinkawu ezizalwe ekudingisweni kube yimvelo. Kepha ukusebenzisa lezo zinhlelo, kuyadingeka ukwazi kabanzi nge-rhinopithecus kunalokho okwaziwayo manje. Sidinga imininingwane hhayi nje ngokwakhiwa kokudla kwabo nesikhathi sokuzala, kodwa futhi nangobudlelwano phakathi kwamalungu eqembu, phakathi kweqembu nabantu esingabazi. Kulokhu, izinkawu zegolide zihlala ziyimfihlakalo njengoba zazinjalo lapho zibonwa emidwebweni yasendulo kuphela.
Ukuvela kwenkawu Roxolana
Abantu abadala benkawu enamahlwili bakhula babe ngamasentimitha angama-75 ubude, kepha lokhu akubandakanyi umsila, kwesinye isikhathi owenza ama-100% ubude bomzimba (ukusuka kumasentimitha angama-50 kuye kwangama-70). Izinsikazi zalolu hlobo zinkulu kunezabesilisa.
Isisindo sabantu besifazane sisuka kuma-25 kuya kuma-35 kilos, kanti abesilisa banesisindo esingama-kilogremu ayi-16.
Ngaphezu kwakho konke, ngokubukeka kwalezi zinkawu, umbala wazo ushaya. Isisulu sawo asimboziwe izinwele, isikhumba esikuso sinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ijazi lincane, lizungeze ikhanda futhi endaweni yentamo libomvu ngokugqamile, yingakho izinkawu zabizwa ngokuthi zegolide. Wonke umzimba upendiwe emthunzini onsundu. Indawo yesifuba nengxenye yesisu imhlophe. Bheka isithombe - muhle, akunjalo?
Izinkawu zegolide zinemibala emangalisayo.
Indlela Yokuphila YeMonkey Golden
Kakhulu bayizilwane ezi-arboreal. Akuvamile ukuba zehlele emhlabathini, kuphela ngenxa yesidingo esikhulu. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi, uma kunesidingo, izinkawu ze-snubby zinganqoba ngisho namachibi amancane.
Ososayensi baphawula ukuthi izinkawu zegolide zithanda ukuhlala emihlambini emikhulu, kwesinye isikhathi inani labantu kuzo lifinyelela izinkawu ezingama-600. Ezinyangeni zasentwasahlobo, amaRoxolans ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amancane abantu abangama-60.
Lezi zinkawu zizizwa zikhululekile endaweni engaphansi kwendawo. Kwesinye isikhathi zitholakala ezintabeni zifinyelela kumamitha ayi-3000, ngoba sibonga uboya obufudumele, izinkawu ezinamahlwili izinguquko zezulu azimbi kangako.
Izinkawu zegolide ziyizidalwa ezihamba nendlwana, zingagibela igatsha eliphezulu kakhulu lesihlahla nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, ukuze kungabikho muntu ongazibamba.
Kwenzeka kanjani ukuthi kube khona kabusha izinkawu zegolide ezinsundu
Isikhathi sokuzalela siqala ngo-Agasti futhi siqhubeka kuze kube nguNovemba. Ukuze kudonsele ukunakekela kowesilisa, inkawu lensikazi iqala “ukuyiklolodela”: iqale ibheke okhethiweyo wayo, bese ibalekela ngekushesha kuye. Kepha akubona bonke abesilisa abasabelayo kulezi zibonakaliso zokunakwa. Ngokusobala, inkawu yobuduna besilisa akulula kangako ukuyithanda!
Uma kunjalo, lapho sekwenziwe umbhangqwana, izinkawu ziqala ukushada. Owesifazane uthwala amathole izinyanga ezingaba ngu-7. Izinkawu ze-Snubby zinezingane ezi-1 kuya kwezi-2. Ngemuva kokuzalwa, umama unakekela inzalo, futhi ubaba unakekela kuphela izinwele zezingane.
Ngonyaka wesihlanu (kwabesifazane) noma wesikhombisa (emadodeni) wempilo, ukuthomba kwenzeka esizukulwaneni esisha
Izinkawu zeGolide zingabazali abayizibonelo.
Izitha
Ososayensi bazi okuncane mayelana nezitha zale monkey-snosed-mosed; kungenzeka ukuthi amandla abo okucasha ekushushisweni ngejubane lombani kubasindisa ezilwaneni.
Njengamanje, inani lalezi zilwanyana ezinhle livikelwe kakhulu umbuso.
Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.
06.12.2015
Inkawu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (i-lat. Rhinopithecus roxellana) ingesinye seziqu ezingaziwa futhi ezingavamile kakhulu zomndeni wakwaMartyshkov (lat. Cercopithecidae). E-China, ibizwa nangokuthi yiqhwa, igolide, imali kanye nenkawu kasilika.
Kukholelwa kakhulu ukuthi iyakwazi ukuletha inhlanhla nenotho. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe inhlala-kahle yezimali, amaChinese ayiveza ezintweni zasendlini ngekhulu le-III.
Owokuqala phakathi kwabaseYurophu ukubona inkawu enamanzi amnyama enezimo zemvelo kwakuyisithunywa sevangeli saseFrance uJean-Pierre Armand David ngenkathi enza umsebenzi wakhe eChina e-70s ngekhulu le-XIX. Isimo sengqondo esimnandi, ingqondo kanye nokujabula kwelemonkey kwamenza wangangabaza. Wasihlaba umxhwele lesi sidalwa waze waqanjwa igama lesiLatini lokuhlonipha uRoxolana, unkosikazi wesibhedlela sase-Ottoman uSuleiman the Magnificent.
Ukusatshalaliswa
Inkawu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka eyi-snub-nosed ihlala emahlathini acijile futhi axubile aseNingizimu-mpumalanga yeChina ezifundazweni zaseSichuan, Gansu, Hubei naseShaanxi. Indawo le itholakala ezindaweni eziphakeme ukusuka ku-1200 kuya ku-3300 m ngaphezu kolwandle.
Isibalo esikhulu kunazo zonke sazivumelanisa nokuphila endaweni eyihlathi yeShennongjia engxenyeni esentshonalanga yeHubei, lapho izinyanga eziningi zobusika zimbozwe yiqhwa futhi izinga lokushisa livame ukuhla ngaphansi kuka-20 ° C. Ehlobo, kunokushisa kuze kufike ku-38 ° C, futhi umswakama womoya ukhuphuka ngamaphesenti angama-90.
Ukuze uphile kulezo zimo ezinzima zesimo sezulu, izindondo zisiza ukwakheka okukhethekile kwepheji lokuphefumula elingaphezulu. Ngokusho kwezazi eziningi zezilwane, i-snub-nosedness yonga amandla lapho iphefumula futhi yavela ngesikhathi sokukhethwa kokuziphendukela kwemvelo.
Ukuziphatha
Izinkawu ze-Snub-nosed ziyasebenza phakathi nesikhathi semini. Inani eliphakeme lomsebenzi livela ekuseni kakhulu nantambama. Ngalesi sikhathi, ama-primates asematasa ehlola indawo yakhe yasekhaya futhi afuna ukudla.
Zizwa zilungile ngokulinganayo emithini nasemhlabeni. Kumuntu onzima aqhubekele kuwo womane, kepha athathe kalula isikhundla. Izinkawu zidlala ngokukhululeka zisuka egatsheni ziya kwelinye futhi ziyakwazi ukunqoba zize zibe ngu-4 km eziqongweni zezihlahla ngosuku. Ebusika, ukuhamba kwezilwane kuyancipha.
Lolu hlobo lwama-primates luhlala ngamaqembu amancane, avame ukuba owesilisa, izinsikazi eziningana kanye nenzalo yazo.
Iqembu lingafaka phakathi kwabangu-9 kuye kwabangu-18. Owesilisa uyayihola. Izingxabano ziqhuma phakathi kwabesifazane ngenxa yemizamo yokukhuphuka phezulu ezikhundleni zenhlalo.
Abantu abaningi abangabazi bafuna ukudinga umholi athathe indawo yakhe. Ukucaciswa kobudlelwano phakathi kwabafakizicelo besikhundla sokuba yinhloko yabasebenzi kwenzeka ngokuthinta, ukusongela nokulwa. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi abantu besifazane bavame ukuthatha uhlangothi lwenkosi yabo efanelekile, futhi, ndawonye, baxoshe abadlali babo abangajabulisi. Lapho umfokazi ehola i-hrem, uvame ukubulala inzalo yomholi owedlule.
Ngaphandle kwamaqembu emindeni, kunamaqembu wentsha aqukethe abesilisa abasebasha abangama-4-7. Kwesinye isikhathi iqembu elilodwa noma amaningi angahlanganiswa abe munye isikhathi esithile, bese ehlukana. Ngokuvamile, isikhundla sezenhlalo seselula kakhulu. Indawo yasekhaya yeqembu ihlala kumamitha-skwele angama-40. km futhi kuvame ukuphikisana nezinye izigaba.
Ehlobo, izinkawu zidla izithelo, amajikijolo, amantongomane kanye namahlumela amancane ezitshalo. Ebusika, atshintshela kakhulu kuma-lichen nasegxolo lezihlahla. Ehlobo, bagibela izintaba baye emahlathini acwengile, futhi lapho kuqala ukubanda behlela ezigodini.
Ukuzala
Isizini yokuzalela iqala ngoSepthemba kuya kuLwezi. Izinsikazi, ezilungele ukuzalaniswa, ziqala ukuzakhela ngokoqobo iso lowesilisa. Banaka bona uqobo, baqala ukugijima iDemo eduze kwakhe, bezama ukukhombisa ngempumelelo izintelezi zabo ezinhle.
Kwesinye isikhathi i-fashion show yokuhlobisa iyelula amahora amaningi. Umholi onomuzwa wokuziqhenya ngokungazifihli ukhombisa ukuqina komlingiswa wakhe namandla okuzibamba.
Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga eziyisithupha. Izingane zizalwa kusukela ngoMashi kuya ku-Ephreli. Umama ngamunye uvame ukuba nengalo eyodwa kuphela. Ijazi lomntwana limnyama ngaphandle kwesisu esikhanyayo grey. Ngaphezu kukamama, ezinye izinsikazi zingabamba iqhaza ekukhulisweni kwakhe.
Ukuzondla ngobisi kuthatha iminyaka eyi-1.5. Ukushintshwa kancane kancane kokudla okuqinile kuqala ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ubudala. Abesilisa abaneminyaka emithathu bashiya iqembu labazali, futhi abesifazane bavame ukuhlala kulo impilo yonke. Bajwayela ukuya ocansini ngeminyaka engama-5-7.
Incazelo
Ubude bomzimba bungamasentimitha angama-48-68. Umsila mude ngokwedlula umzimba. Abesifazane banesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-11-12, kanti abesilisa bangaba nesisindo esingu-18-20 kg. Isisindo singashiyana kakhulu ngokuya ngezimo zemvelo nezikhathi zonyaka.
Isiqu kanye nemilenze kudwetshwe ngemibala ehlukahlukene ephuzi elibomvu. Umhlane nomsila onsundu omnyama. Uboya bude.
Ubuso bumhlophe futhi buze. Eduze kwamehlo, isikhumba sipendwe ngombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ekhaleni kufushane futhi kufushane. Amakhala aqondiswa phambili. Ebantu abadala, bacishe bafike ebunzini.
Isikhathi sokuphila kwezinkawu zegolide ezingenahlosi cishe iminyaka engama-20. Ngokusho kokuqagela okuhlukahlukene, inani labemi lilinganiselwa kwizilwane eziyi-10 kuye kwezingama-20.