ITurpan (Melanitta fusca) - idada ledada elikhulu: isisindo salo sifinyelela ku-1,4-1,9 kg, ubude bomzimba ngama-51-58 cm, ngamaphiko ama-90-100 cm. Owesilisa ogqoke ingubo yokuhlobisa uneplamu-emnyama, uqhwaku lumnyama ngebala le-orange, livuvukala kancane ku izizathu. Amehlo e-turpan acishe abe mhlophe, futhi ngaphansi kwawo kukhona amabala amhlophe acwebile amancane amhlophe, imilenze ibomvu raspberry, enama-membranes amnyama. Insikazi inombala onsundu, esihlathini kunamabala amabili amhlophe afiphele, angabantu besifazane abahlukile futhi anezici ezihlukile, osayizi nokukhanya (amanye kungenzeka angabikho nhlobo), ama-paws aphuzi noma abebomvu ngombala, amehlo anombala onsundu. Kuma-flywheel amancane abesilisa nabesifazane banesibuko esimhlophe.
Indawo yokuhlala nendlela yokuphila
Kusatshalaliswa scoter ku-taiga esenyakatho kanye ne-tundra eseningizimu ye-Yurobhu, ama-Urals kanye neSiberia, futhi futhi ukuya ehlathini lase-Ural-steppe ne-steppe. E-taiga yasenyakatho ne-tundra esehlathini eduze naseYenisei, lolu hlobo luvame kakhulu. ITurpan iyinyoni efudukayo, izinkundla zayo ezisebusika zihlala ogwini olusentshonalanga yeYurophu, ukusuka eNorway naseningizimu yeBaltic kuya eSpain. Imbalwa imihlambi ebhabhela eningizimu nasebusika emaCaspian naseBlack Seas. Iningi lezinyoni zaminyaka yonke lisale ehlobo endaweni ebusika. Ukusakazeka kweTurpan kuqala eneminyaka emibili noma ngaphezulu. Ubudala obaziwa kakhulu yiminyaka eyi-13.
Ukuzala
Ukuhlanganiswa kwamaqembu kuyabonakala eTurpan, lapho abesilisa abaningana bebuthana khona lapho bezungeza abesifazane abaningi. Isiko lokuqandelwa ukucwiliswa kwabesilisa emanzini, lapho besondela kwabesifazane ngaphansi kwamanzi. Imibhangqwana ivikela ingxenye encane yendawo ezungeze isidleke. Turpan izidleke echibini lamachibi. Izidleke zazo zingatholakala bobabili eduze kwamanzi futhi kude nawo, otshanini, phakathi kwamaqhubu e-tundra, emahlathini, emahlathini amancane ngisho nasehlathini elide, ngaphansi kwesihlahla. Isidleke sifakwe ngotshani obomile obunomkhuhlane omningi onsundu. Insikazi ibekela amaqanda ama-5-8 (afika ku-12). Umbala wazo uyahlukahluka kusuka kokumhlophe okwakhilimu bese kuya ku-brownish-yellowish. Owesifazane afaka amaqanda izinsuku ezingama-27- 28. Ngemuva kwamaviki angama-1-2 ngemuva kokuqala kokufuduka, abesilisa bandizela ku-molt. Iningi lazo ngokushesha lindizela entshonalanga - olwandle lwaseBaltic nasogwini lwe-Atlantic. Ezinye zihlala futhi ziqhubeke zincibilika endaweni yokuzalanisa noma kumachibi eningizimu yeSiberia YaseNtshonalanga. Inqwaba yezinyoni ezincane lapho. AmaTurpan ajwayele ukwakha amazinyane ahlangene, lapho owesimame oyedwa engahola yena namanye amachwane.
Indlela yokuphila.
Izakhamizi zase-tundra, ama-tundra nama-taiga zone, ngaphandle kwesikhathi se-nesting, zitholakala ezindaweni ezisogwini lolwandle nasemachibini avulekile. Umfuduki. Kancane. Izinhlobo zezinhlobo ezihlukene ngaphesheya kwe-tundra, amachibi kanye namachibi asezintabeni anogu olugcwele imbobo nesibuko esihlanzekile
Isidleke otshanini obude, phakathi kwamaqhubu, ngaphansi kwezihlahla, ngokuvamile eduze kwamanzi uqobo, kodwa kwesinye isikhathi futhi kude nebanga, uhla lwe-fluff luhlala luba luningi. I-Clutch kusukela maphakathi noJuni, iqukethe amaqanda amakhulu amhlophe ayi-6-10. Qaphela kakhulu.
Izinyoni ezingazalisi zichitha ihlobo lazo emihlambi ezondla futhi zichitha ubusuku zisebemanzini, cishe zingasondeli ogwini. Ikhuphuka ngamandla futhi inqikanqika emanzini, indiza iphansi, kepha ngokushesha, incamela ukubhukuda kude nengozi, iminza njalo.
Ngesikhathi sokudla, ibuye ithuke kakhulu futhi ingaveli ebusweni isikhathi eside. Izwi liyizwi elicwengekile nelimnandi lika “kraa-kraa-kra” Idla ama-mollusks, izibungu zezinambuzane zasemanzini, izinhlanzi ezincane, kancane uma idla amaqabunga kanye namahlumela ezitshalo.
Inani lokudoba lincane. Ihlukahluka kusuka kuMazondo "esibukweni" esimhlophe namabala ezinhloko zekhanda, ama-paws abomvu, kusuka ku-turpan enemibala kungabikho amabala amhlophe ebunzini nasemuva kwekhanda, nowesifazane "kwesibuko" esimhlophe.
Ukuziphatha Nempilo
Indawo yaseTurpan indawo engasogwini yamachibi kanye nemifula engenamanzi. I-Arctic tundra, imifino ye-alpine enamatshe amakhulu, iziqhingi ezincane ezinamadwala ezinotshani obunotshani, izihlahlana nezihlahla eziphansi. Ebusika, izinyoni ziqoqana ngemihlambi emanzini angajulile emanzini asogwini. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka, zivame ukuma echibini lamachibi anamanzi asemanzini. Fuduka ngababili noma ngamaqembu amancane. Ebusika, zihlanganiswa emhlambini.
Ukudla kuqukethe ama-mollusks, ama-crustaceans, izibungu, ama-echinoderms, izinhlanzi ezincane, izinambuzane nezibungu zawo. Ukudla kwezitshalo kuyadliwa. Lawa ngamaqabunga, amahlumela, imbewu. Khipha ukudla emanzini, ama-turpans angantshonela ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-30-40. Bahlala ngaphansi kwamanzi isikhathi esingaba yimizuzu emi-2. Ngesikhathi sokudlekwa kwendlu, izidleke zivame ukuhlelwa eduze kwama-gulls kanye ne-tern colonies.
Inombolo
Le nhlobo ihlukaniswa njengosengozini. Ukwehla kwesibalo sabantu abangama-35% kubhekwe ezizukulwaneni ezi-3 ezedlule. Phambilini, ukwehla okusheshayo kwabantu bekubhekwa, kepha bese ijubane lihamba kancane. Izizathu zokwehla kwamanani azingafundwa. Njengomphumela wezifundo ezenziwa ngo-2007-2009, isibalo sazo zonke lezi zinyoni sabalwa. Ulinganiselwa kubantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-450. Kepha kucatshangelwa ukwehla okwalandelayo, manje kulinganiselwa kubantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-370.