Uhlobo lwe-Asymbolus luhlanganisa izinhlobo eziyisishiyagalolunye ezaziwa njengoshaka abancane, ezinegama laseRussia - ikati elisontayo elibabayo.
Abamele lolu hlobo luphawulwa ngokuphila okuphansi (njengoba, impela, zonke izinhlobo zabokati bekati), umbala wombala we-motley. Zonke lezi zinhlanzi zigcwele ezindaweni ezithile ezisogwini lwase-Australia futhi azitholakali kwenye indawo olwandle.
Ubukhulu obukhulu babamele abameleli bekati lase-Australia abedlula i-60 cm.
Izimo zomzimba ezibonakala njengoshaka bekati abangamanzi angumzimba omfishane, amachaphaza amancanyana amancanyana aguqulwe abuyele emuva, amehlo "wekati" ele-alimondi enomfundi osalwayo, umlomo omncane onamazinyo amancane anama vertices amaningana, oyindawo ephakathi nendawo ungophakeme kunayo yonke.
Umbala womzimba ezinhlotsheni eziningi ezinemibala e-brown yamandla ahlukene, ezinye izinhlobo zinamabala esitaladi asobala. Zonke lezi zinhlanzi zinezindawo ezincane ezikhanyayo noma ezimnyama (kwesinye isikhathi zombili), yingakho uhlobo luthole i-epithet "ibonakele".
Njengoba sekushiwo, la oshaka bangabahlali bezingqimba zamanzi ezingaphansi. Ummeleli ojulile wohlobo, i-cat shark enezinkanyezi, uhlala ekujuleni kuka-500 m futhi ngaphezulu; ezinye izinhlobo zithanda ukuhlala ezindaweni ezijule kakhulu.
Zondla izidalwa eziphilayo ezingezansi ezingezansi - kusuka kwizibungu zama-invertebrates ahlukahlukene kanye nezibungu, ukufiphaza, ukugwaza kanye nenhlanzi nefry.
Akukho nhlobo kwezinhlobo zalaba oshaka okubaluleke kakhulu kwezentengiso futhi akuyona into yokudoba. Izinhlobo eziningi zihlala ezindaweni lapho noma yikuphi ukudoba kulawulwa ngokuqinile, ngakho-ke isimo sabahlali sizinzile. Bonke abameleli bohlobo lwe-Asymbolus banesimo sokulondolozwa. I-LC - okubangela ukukhathazeka okuncane.
Onke amalungu e-genus e-Australia abona oshaka abekwa ngokuzalwa kweqanda.
Phakathi kwalezinhlanzi akukho zidlova eziyingozi kubantu - isimo esingenalo ulaka, usayizi omncane womzimba namazinyo akuvumeli ukulimala okukhulu kubantu.
Ukusatshalaliswa kukashaka wekati obomvu.
Ikati elinombala obomvu lihlala emanzini asogwini, kusukela endaweni ephakathi nePeru eningizimu yeChile empumalanga yePacific Ocean. Lolu hlobo lukhona kulezi zindawo.
Ushaka wekati onobala obomvu (Schroederichthys chilensis)
Indawo yokuhlala koshaka obomvu obonakalayo.
Oshaka bekati abanobala obomvu batholakala endaweni enamadwala engasogwini emngceleni weshalofu wezwekazi. Ukusatshalaliswa kwabo kubonakala kunesizini, ezindaweni ezinamadwala entwasahlobo, ehlobo nasekwindla, futhi ebusika emanzini ajulile asolwandle. Kukholelwa ukuthi ukunyakaza okunjalo kwenzeka ngenxa yamanje eqinile ebusika. Oshaka bekati abanebala elibomvu bavame ukuhlala emanzini ebangeni ukusuka kumitha elilodwa kuya kwamashumi amahlanu ngokujula. Esigangeni lolwandle, ekujuleni kwe-8 kuye ku-15 m ehlobo futhi kusuka ku-15 kuye ku-100 ebusika.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zikashaka obomvu obonakalayo.
Ushaka wekati onobala obomvu ukhula aze afike kubukhulu obungu-66 cm.U ubude bomzimba lowesifazane busuka ku-52 kuye ku-54 cm, owesilisa - ukusuka ku-42 kuye ku-46 cm.
Le nhlobo yoshaka inomzimba obushelelezi ophakeme, ojwayelekile kuwo wonke umndeni.
Zinezinsika eziyisihlanu gill, ezinokuvula okuyi-gill yesihlanu okutholakala ngenhla kwama-pectoral fins. Zinama-dinsal fins amabili ngaphandle kwama-spines; i-dorsal fin yokuqala itholakala ngaphezu kwendawo ye-pelvic. Cishe akukho ukugoba okungaphezulu emsileni.
Ushaka wekati onobala obomvu uhlukaniswa ngombala obomvana obomvana obomvu ngemuva nangethephu elimhlophe lesikhumba lesisu. Zinezindawo ezimnyama ngaphansi komzimba nokumaka okubomvu okumnyama ezindaweni ezimhlophe.
Inani lamazinyo emadodeni livame ukuba likhulu ngokutholwa okumbalwa, okucatshangwa ukuthi kuyadingeka "ukuluma" izintokazi ngesikhathi sokuthandana.
Ukukhiqizwa kukashaka wekati obomvu.
Oshaka abomvu ababonwe ngohlobo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka bazala ngokwenkathi ethile yesizini, amaqembu abantu bobulili obuhlukile avela ebusika, entwasahlobo kanye nasehlobo ngaseSan Antonio, eChile, Farinha nase Ojeda. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izikhathi, oshaka besifazane bazalela amaqanda abo afakwe unyaka wonke.
Abasakazi bekati abanobala obomvu banesiko elithile lokuthandana ngesikhathi sokuzala, lapho owesilisa eluma insikazi lapho efaka amaqanda.
Lezi zinhlobo zikashaka be-oviparous, amaqanda avundisiwe ngokuvamile akhula ku-oviduct. Ziboshwe, ngokuvamile amaqanda ama-2 kwibhokisi ngalinye. Imibungu ikhula ngenxa yesitoko se-yolk. Oshaka abasha babonakala ubude be-14 cm, bangamakhophi amancane oshaka abadala futhi ngokushesha bazimele, babheke emanzini ajulile. Kukholakala ukuthi uFry ubhukuda emanzini ajulile, ukuze ugweme ukuqagela endaweni ehlukanisiwe, bese ubuyela endaweni yabo ejwayelekile lapho sebeba badala. Ngakho-ke, kukhona ukwahlukana kwendawo phakathi kwabantu abadala nabancane, oshaka abakhulayo. Ushaka wekati onobala obomvu akhula ngokushesha, kepha iminyaka lapho ukuthomba kufinyelelwa khona ayikaziwa. Isikhathi sokuphila endle asikasungulwa.
Ukuziphatha kukashaka wekati obomvu.
Oshaka bekati abanobala obomvu yinhlanzi eyodwa. Baqala indlela yokuphila yobusuku, bahlala emihumeni nasemifantwini phakathi nosuku, futhi baphume ebusuku bayokondliwa. Ezinyangeni zobusika, zehlela emanzini ajulile, ekuhambeni konyaka zihamba emaphethelweni eshalofini yezwekazi. Kukholelwa ukuthi le nhlangano ihlotshaniswa ne-yamanje eqinile ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka. Oshaka bomgqumo abebomvu, njengabo bonke abanye oshaka emndenini wakwaScyliorhinidae, sebethole umqondo wephunga kanye nezinto eziwusebenzisa ngogesi, ngosizo lapho izinhlanzi zingabona khona ukuthinteka kukagesi okuphuma ezinye izilwane futhi zizenzele amandla kazibuthe.
Oshaka bekati babe negama labo ngenxa yokuba khona kwesihlakala esime mpo seso. Banombono omuhle, noma okhanyayo.
Ushaka wekati obomvu obonakalayo.
Umhlaseli wekati onobala obomvu udla izidlo ezincane ezincane ezingezansi. Ukudla kwabo okuyinhloko ama-crabs kanye ne-shrimp. Ziphinde zidle izinhlobo eziningana zezinye izidalwa ezingama crustaceans, kanye nezinhlanzi, ulwelwe kanye ne-polychaete worms.
Kungani ushaka wabizwa ngokuthi i-feline?
OShark babe negama labo elithi "ikati" ngesizathu esihle: bonke abameleli babona kahle ebumnyameni futhi bangabazingeli ebusuku.
Futhi konke lokhu akubangelwa umbono omuhle kakhulu, kepha amehlo oshaka makhulu futhi aqhakaza, kepha ngenxa yobukhona bezinzwa zezithombe (ezitholakala eduze kwamehlo), ngosizo lapho oshaka bezwa amasiginali kagesi avela kwesinye isidalwa esiphilayo, ikakhulu inhlanzi.
Imibala yabamele umndeni iyafana kakhulu - grey-amalahle, acishe abe mnyama emuva noma abe nsundu, abe namabala aphakathi nendawo amnyama kanye nesisu esikhanyayo noma isihlabathi esinesihlabathi, kepha isikhumba sifana ne-sandpaper.
Umzimba woshaka umfushane futhi unokuguquguquka kwe-feline, noma kunjalo, ikhanda likhulu futhi lithambile.
Njengoba ikati shark lidla kuma crustaceans, iholela ngokufanele indlela yokuphila - okuyilokho eguqulwe yona: emakhaleni angaphambi kwekhanda ambozwe ama-valve wesikhumba.
Bukela ividiyo - I-Cat Shark:
Umuzwa woshaka ukhula kahle futhi usiza ekutholeni inyamazane ngisho nasebumnyameni.
Amazinyo mancane, aluhlaza cwe, kepha angagaya amagobolondo. Gill slits engaqondakali. I-caudal fin yinde futhi cishe ayinayo i-lobe ephansi, kuyilapho ama-dorsal fins eqala ukusondela eduze ne-caudal fin.
Onke amalungu omndeni akakuthandi ukushisa okushisayo futhi akhetha ukuhanjiswa ngokulingana.
Izinhlobonhlobo ezimangalisayo zekati
Umkhabi wekati owenziwe ibala noma omnyama, futhi oshaka owonakele (uGaleus melastomus), ukhethe ibanga ukusuka e-Adriatic kuya olwandle oluseNyakatho. Igama lale nhlanzi lizikhulumela lona - ingxenye engenhla ye-fine ine-notches.
Ushaka wekati ojwayelekile (iScyliorhinus canicula) utholakala zombili ogwini lwaseNyakatho Afrika kanye nasogwini lwaseNorway futhi uyilungu lomndeni elijwayelekile. Ngokuyisisekelo, usayizi wezinhlanzi awudluli ngaphezu kuka-60-70 cm, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala izengezo ezinde zamamitha.
Ushaka wekati waseCalifornia, obuye uvuvukale (i-Cephaloscyllimn ventriosum), uhlala ogwini lwaseCalifornia. Igama loshaka lalingenxa yesici esisodwa: lapho libanjiwe, bese kuthi olwandle ushaka lugwinye umoya futhi luphefumbe esiswini - mhlawumbe luzama ukuvikela futhi lusabise isitha.
Kwesinye isikhathi osokeni ababamba ngale ndlela babhukuda ngaphezulu kwamanzi.
Bukela ividiyo - Shark shark (Swell shark):
I-Australia coral cat shark (Atelomycterus macleayi), efinyelela ku-60 cm ngosayizi, ithanda amanzi afudumele futhi ihlala ogwini lweNyakatho-Ntshonalanga Australia phakathi kwezixhobo zamakhorali, idla izimbaza. Ngaphezu kwezindawo ezimnyama, njengabo bonke abameleli, kukhona amamaki akhanyayo wesimo se-saddle.
Ushaka wekati obonwe amabala amnyama (i-Aulohalaelurus labiosus), okungeyona inhlobo yolwandle olujulile futhi luzingela ngokujula kwamamitha ayi-5, futhi uhlala ogwini lwase-Australia.
Njengoba ihlala emanzini angaxutshisi angafinyeleleki kahle, ayitholakali kangako ekudobeni, yize abamele bale nhlobo bengadliwanga, kepha bahlala bebanjwa ukuze bagcinwe emanzini.
Ikati elishonile laseTasmania lihlala ogwini lwaseNingizimu Australia (Asymboius vincenti), umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezinhlobo ukwakheka kwekhanda: omncane nokuyindilinga.
Umhlabuzi wekati wase-Australia (Asymboius analis) uhlala kude nolwandle, futhi ngenxa yalokho unendawo yakhe ehlukile.
Bukela ividiyo - Ushaka wekati osabalahliwe:
Kukhona ne-Madeira black cat shark (Apristurus maderensis), ehlala enyakatho ye-Atlantic, kanye noshaka wekati onsundu (i-Apristurus brunneus) emanzini athambile oLwandlekazi iPacific, wonke angabameli abajwayelekile bomndeni.
Ngokujula okungaphezu kwamamitha ayi-600 kulo lonke ulwandle ubona kuphela oshaka abamnyama (i-Apristurus), babhalana negama labo - banemibala ecishe ibe mnyama emuva. Mhlawumbe ukuba khona kwekhanda elenzelwe umgoqo (obanzi futhi uthambile) kuhlobene ngqo nendawo.
Bonke abameleli bomndeni we-feline shark babekwa amaqanda, kuya ngezinhlobo, babeka amaqanda angama-2- 22 nge-capsule enzima, enamathele emhlabathini.
Bukela ividiyo - Ikati ushaka lizalela amaqanda:
Mhlawumbe fecundity ebalulekile isiza umndeni ukugcina inani elanele labantu.
Yize kunjalo, umuntu, eqaphela ukuthi oshaka bekati abakwazi ukumlimaza ngenxa yobukhulu babo, uqothula izinyamazane ezinenhliziyo enhle ngazo zonke izindlela ezingakhona: uyabadla (yize kungenjalo ngezentengiselwano), ebabamba abasebenzela emijondolo, ajabulele izivakashi futhi nje azingele.
Umnotho
Uhlobo lwachazwa okokuqala ngonyaka we-1848 eBulletin "I-United States Yezinhlanzi Nezilwane Zasendaweni Yezokudoba" . I-holotype ngowesilisa osemdala obungu-32.8 cm, wabanjwa ngo-1957 oLwandle lweCaribbean ngasogwini lweCape Gracias a Dios (Honduras) ekujuleni kwama-410 m.Ukufana ngezindlela kungowesifazane osekhulile ongu-33,5 cm, obanjwe ngasikhathi sinye.
Incazelo
Ushaka obonwe ngezinsimbi zomzimba unomzimba omude kakhulu futhi omfushane oyindilinga. Emakhaleni anezinhlaka ezintathu zesikhumba. Umlomo ubanzi. Izinga lomzimba labasakazi abancane nabadala lifana kakhulu, elihlukanisa lolu hlobo kwabanye abameleli bohlobo loshaka ababonakalayo. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi lokhu kuyizinhlobo zemfudlana ezihamba ngezinyawo. Isisekelo senhlawulo yokuqala yedorsal isemuva kwesisekelo samaphiko we-ventral. Elesibili dorsal fin likhulu kancane kunelokuqala. Isisekelo saso sitholakala ngemuva kwesisekelo se-anal fin. Umbala oyinhloko onsundu-onsundu noma okhanyayo okhanyayo, amabala ansundu ayi-6-10 anezindawo eziningi ezimhlophe asakazeka emhlane.
Incazelo
Ama-catsarks aboshwe kabusha asukela kubude obuyi-30 kuye kwangama-66 cm, yize lawo masayizi ethathwa oshaka ababanjiwe, futhi kukholakala ukuthi angakhula ngaphezu kwaloko.
Imizimba yabo iphakeme futhi ibushelelezi, isimilo somndeni wekati loshaka. Uhlangothi lwabo olu-dorsal lubomvu onsundu ngombala omnyama wamaphethini ezinweleni zabo. Okhilimu babo besisu mhlophe ngamabala abomvu. Ama-catsarks aboshwe kabusha anama-dinsal fins amabili, nge-dorsal sinus engaphezulu kwendawo ye-pelvic. Izimbotshana zazo ezingena dorsal azinemisipha, futhi imisila yawo ayinayo igoba phezulu.
I-redspotted catshark inamazinyo e-multicuspid. Kodwa-ke, amadoda ajwayele ukuba namazinyo amade anama-spikes ambalwa. Kukholelwa ukuthi lokhu kuzosiza ekuzilungiseni ukuluma.
Ukuziphatha
Ama-catsarks aboshwe kabusha ayizidalwa zodwa, izidalwa zasebusuku. Zihlala emihumeni nasemifudlaneni emini bese ziphuma ebusuku ziyokondla. Bayafuduka. Kodwa-ke, baphila iningi lonyaka eduze komphetho weshalofu wezwekazi.
Ubudlelwano buqonde ngqo ku-fline shark shark shark engaziwa. Kodwa-ke, njengabo bonke abanye oshaka, kufaka phakathi amanye amalungu omndeni wakwaScyliorhinidae, kukholakala ukuthi anomqondo owakhiwe kahle wephunga, nokuthi yi-elekthronikhi, ebavumela ukuthi babone ugesi okhishwe ezinye izilwane, futhi futhi ungabavumela ukuthi babone amandla kazibuthe, esiza ekuzulazuleni.
Ama-catshark ama-redspotted agwedla ama-trypanosomes, izinambuzane ezidluliselwa egazini le-catshark ngokusebenzisa i-leech.
Azikho izilwane ezidla inyama ezaziwa njengabahlaseli bekati, yize intsha ivame ukuchitha izimpilo zayo zokuqala emanzini olwandle ajulile. Kukholakala ukuthi kugwemeka izilwane ezidla ezinye, yize iqiniso lokuthi laba bantu abazingelayo abaziwa.
Ukunikezela
Ama-catsarks aboshwe kabusha adla izidalwa ezihlala edwaleni eduze kweshalofu yezwekazi. Imithombo yabo yokudla eyinhloko yizinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zam crab ne-rhynchocinetid rock shrimp. Rhynchocinetes typus (UFarina no-Ojeda 1993). Ziyaziwa nangokuthi zidla izinhlanzi, izinto ezi-algae kanye nama-polychaetes ahlukahlukene. Ama-catsarks abanjwe kabusha yisidlakudla esibalulekile esimisweni sayo semvelo. Banomthelela omkhulu kwizilwane ezisetshenziswayo ezingaphansi kwezentengiso ezihlala ezindaweni ezinamadwala.
Indima yemvelo yekati oshaka obomvu.
Oshaka bekati abanobala obomvu baba isixhumanisi esibalulekile emaketangeni okudla ku-ecosystem yabo. Lezi zilwanyana ezidla ezinye zilawula inani lezinto eziphilayo ezinhlakalweni ze-benthic ezindaweni ezigudle ugu.
Oshaka bangabathwali bezimuncagazi eziningana, kufaka phakathi i-leeches, trypanosomes. I-Trypanosomes ifaka egazini lezinhlanzi futhi isebenzise imizimba yazo njengomphathi omkhulu.
Ukuzala
Ama-catsarks abanjwe kabusha yi-ovipositor. Ukuzala kabusha kwenzeka kubantu ngokomjikelezo waminyaka yonke. Kodwa-ke, zishada ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka, imvamisa entwasahlobo nasebusika, yize kwesinye isikhathi izintokazi zikhonjiswe ukuthi zinamaqanda amaqanda ehlobo. Zine-polygynandrous kanti ngenkathi owesilisa evuna amaqanda lowesifazane, uvame ukwenza lokho okubizwa ngokuthi “okwangoku”, okubandakanya owesilisa alume insikazi.
Ama-catsarks aboshwe kabusha azalwa emaqanda afakwe ngaphakathi, avundiswa bese ededelwa emanzini. Kuvame ukuba namaqanda amabili kwelebula ngalinye, elingabizwa nangokuthi isikhwama se-mermaid. Imibungu idla ngesikhupha seqanda ngenkathi iqanduselwa. Lapho la maqanda eqandula, oshaka abonakala njengezinguqulo ezincane zabantu abadala. Kodwa-ke, oshaka bakhula ngokushesha. Kukholakala ukuthi izingane zibhukuda emanzini ajulile ukugwema izisulu ezihlukanisayo, ukuthi zibuye lapho sezindala. Ngakho-ke, kukhona ukwahlukana kwendawo phakathi kwabantu abadala nabancane.
Inani kumuntu.
Ushaka wekati onobala obomvu yindaba yokucwaninga kwesayensi okwenziwa ezindaweni zokucwaninga, zibanjwa ngezinhloso zocwaningo, ngakho-ke ukubanjwa kwalezi zinhlanzi kungathinta isibalo sabantu abancane, bendawo. Kepha balimaza ukudotshwa kwezimboni eChile nasePeru, njengoba bezondla ngama-crustaceans, ukudoba kwako okubaluleke kakhulu kwezomnotho kwamanye amazwe.
Isimo Sezemvelo kanye Nomthelela Wezomnotho
Ama-catsarks abhalwe kabusha awafakwanga ku-Red Book ku-IUCN Red ohlwini, US Federal Uhlu, noma ku-CITES Uhlu. Akuzona izinhlobo ezaziwayo, ezisengozini noma ezisengozini.
Ama-catsarks abanjwe kabusha anomthelela omubi emnothweni wabantu. Bondla kakhulu ngasogwini ngama-crustaceans angaphansi. Lokhu kuyabalimaza abadobi bezentengiselwano ngoba izinkalankala kule ndawo zibaluleke kakhulu kwezomnotho. Ama-Catshark ajwayele ukubanjwa ngokudotshwa kwezinhlanzi zokudoba zasogwini, okuthi yize zingabalulekanga ngokwezomnotho, zingalimaza amanetha kanye nesikhathi esilahlekile ekususeni ekubambeni ekubambeni okusebenzayo.
Isimo sokulondolozwa kukashaka wekati obomvu.
Ukufaka ohlwini lwabashaka bekati abanobala obomvu kuLuhlu Olubomvu, kunedatha encane kakhulu enanini labantu kanye nokusongela kulolu hlobo. Babanjwa njengabokudoba ngokudotshwa ogwini, olwandle oluphansi nolude. Akwaziwa noma oshaka ababomvu ababonakale bekhubazekile noma besongelwa ngokuqothulwa. Ngakho-ke, azikho izindlela zokonga ezisetshenziswayo kuzo.
Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.