I-gopher iyisilwane esihlekisayo somndeni we-squirrel, i-rodentrel, ehola indlela yokuphila yekoloni. Emhlabeni wonke kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-40 zalesi silwane. Izindawo zemvelo zaseRussia zihlalwa ngezinhlobo eziyi-10 zama-squirrels omhlaba, ezinye zazo ezibhalwe kwi-Red Book, kanti ezinye (ngokwesibonelo, umdidiyeli omncane), ngakolunye uhlangothi, ziyachithwa.
Ngaphandle kokubukeka okungenacala nobukhulu obuncane, ama-gophers angaba yinhlekelele yangempela yezolimo: ukuhlalisa eduze kwensimu, izilwane zidla izitshalo zezitshalo nezitshalo zasengadini, njengama-shrews, zephula uhlelo lwezimpande zezitshalo zisetshenziswa, futhi futhi zithwale izifo eziyingozi.
Ama-Gophers: izinhlobo zezinhlobo
Ubude bomzimba we-gopher yabantu abadala buyi-20-25 cm (ikakhulukazi izinduku ezinkulu zifinyelela ku-40 cm), isisindo - kusuka ku-200 kuya ku-1500 amagremu. Ngasikhathi sinye, abesilisa bahlala bephindeke kabili futhi bakhulu kunabesifazane.
Umbala woboya buxhomeke endaweni futhi ungahluka kakhulu: kusuka ku-greenish-beige, kuya nsundu okunamabala amnyama noma amabala akhanyayo. Ehlobo, ijazi loboya besilwane lilukhuni futhi lifushane, ebusika kuba yinde futhi lithambile.
Ikhanda lomlobi linejamo eliphakeme, "elungiselelwe". Izindlebe ezincane, ezingenakubonwa, ezicashile ezicindezelwe kakhulu ekhanda. Amehlo we-gopher mancane, kepha asho izindlala ezinemibala evulekile, ezifaka isandla ekuwashiseni amashiya kusuka emiseleni yothuli nokungcola okuqongelelwe ngesikhathi sokumba.
Izikhwama ezinkulu zentamo enkulukazi zenzelwe ukuhambisa izinto zokudla zibe yimisele.
Ama-Gophers anombono ophansi: esikhaleni aqondiswa umsila. Isikhathi eside, kwesinye isikhathi silingana ngobude nomzimba we-rodent, umsila uzwela kakhulu. I-gopher ibeka phansi izindonga zemigudu yayo engaphansi komhlaba, ibuyela emuva naphambili. Umsebenzi obaluleke ngokulinganayo womsila we-squirrel womhlaba umgomo wokushisa: ungathatha ikhahlamba ebusika futhi ulisebenzise njenge "isambulela" lapho kushisa.
Amaphepheni amafushane afakwe izigqoko ezibukhali, ezinkulu ezenzelwe ukumba izindiza ezingaphansi komhlaba. Ukuze ungagwinyi umhlaba osembeni wokumba, uhlelo lwezinyo le-gopher lunesakhiwo esikhethekile.
Amakoloni kaGopher axhumana “ngolimi” olukhethekile olufana nesihlakala noma ikhwela. Ngalo, zidlulisa imininingwane ebalulekile: mayelana nendawo yokudla, indlela yengozi, njll.
Impilo esezingeni lomuntu we-gopher yiminyaka engama-2-3: ekudingisweni angaphila iminyaka emi-5.
Habitat
Ama-squirrel angama-ground ahlala ikakhulu ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo. Ungahlangana nabo esifundeni se-steppe, ihlathi-i-tundra, ihlathi lesitebhisi. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukukhuthazela kwemvelo kuyabavumela ukuba baphile ngisho nasezimweni zasehlane nasezintabeni.
Imvamisa, amakhuloni ama-gopher ahlala ezindaweni ezivulekile zezindawo: emaphethelweni ezimithi namasimu. Ama-Gophers abesabi ukuhlala eduze kwabantu noma: bavinjela umngcele wesilinganiso sabalimi, izindawo ezinabantu abaningi abasebenza ezindlini nasezivandeni zasehlobo.
Isilwane sihola indlela yokuphila esekwe emhlabeni, sigaya iminkimitha yobude obuhlukahlukene sisodwa. Emhlabathini wobumba, ubude bemihubhe ye-gophers engaphansi komhlaba imvamisa imamitha ayi-6-8, enhlabathini yesihlabathi ingafinyelela amamitha ayi-16. I-labyrinth of uhamba ingalala nangaphansi kwamanzi.
Esimweni esiphephile semhubhe elingaphansi komhlaba, i-gopher iyazihlomisa ngesidleke, isimboza ngotshani namaqabunga. Ngaphambi kokungena lapho kuhlala khona i-gopher, umuntu angabona ubumba obunobumba noma izindunduma zesihlabathi. Zifana ukude nama-molecill, kodwa-ke, lapho izimbotshana ezisegodini lemvukuzane zibukeka njengentabamlilo, lezi zinqwaba zifana nehhashi.
IRodent Society yikholoni lama-25-30 gophers. Ngokubumbana bakha izixuku ezinkulu. Umlobi ukhetha ukuhlala ngokuhlukile: iningi lamagundane ayi-2 ahlala emgodini owodwa (okuhlukile ngumama onama-cubs). Ngasikhathi sinye, ukungena kwamakhonkolo abantu abathile kuseduze, ukuze kuthi lapho kwenzeka ingozi kwenzeke ukuthi sisize omunye komunye.
Isici esiyingqayizivele sama-gophers: azikhanyi nje ebusika kodwa futhi ehlobo. Isizathu salokhu kuphumula "okumangazayo" kungaba ukuntuleka kokudla nesomiso esinzima. IHibernation iyahlukahluka ngokuya ngesimo sezulu kanye nendawo yokuhlala. Ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu, isikhathi sokulala sifushane kakhulu kunezindawo zasenyakatho.
Ngabe badlani ama-gophers nokuthi kungalimaza kanjani ezolimo
Ukudla kwe-squirrel yomhlabathi kuncike ngqo endaweni yayo: kuyadla ngokwehlukahluka futhi kungadla ukudla okuhlukahlukene kwezitshalo okubonakaliswa endaweni nesikhathi sonyaka.
Izilwane zidla ezingxenyeni zomhlaba zomhlaba nangaphansi kwezitshalo ezahlukahlukene zezitshalo:
- Umhlonyane, i-clover, utshani bukakolweni,
- Amakhabe nezinsalela: namagundane,
- Ojongilanga: bedla amahlumela amancane aqobayo, ama-gopher aqeda ngokuphelele isilimo, ngoba akukho okuzokhula ezimpondweni ezomile ezisele,
- Ukolweni,
- Izitshalo ze-Bulb: Tulips,
- Okusanhlamvu: oats, amabele, ukolweni, rye,
- Acorns.
Amagundane nensimu awudluleli ukunaka kwawo: akujabulela kakhulu ukutshala okuncane kwezihlahla zezithelo: amapetshisi, i-apricot.
Uma kunesidingo, ama-gopher angadla ukudla kwezilwane: amaqanda ezinyoni aphume ezidlekeni noma atholakala ezidlekeni zomhlaba, izinambuzane ezincane nezibungu, isikhonyane, amacimbi, izimbungulu.
Ukuhlala eduze kwemithombo emikhulu yokudla, lezi zinambuzane zibangela ukulimala okungenakulungiseka kwezolimo:
- Ukumba izimbobo ngaphansi kotshani obungapheli, ama-squirrel omhlabathi aphula uhlelo lwawo lwezimpande. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umhlabathi ophonswe phansi wenza kube nzima ukuhlanza utshani,
- Kuzungeze izimbobo kuvela "iziqu eziyimpandla" lapho isivuno sicishe sicekeleke ngokuphelele,
- UGophers ulimaza amahlumela amancane. Ukungena ezitshalweni zikakolweni osemncane, ziluma izitshalo ezisezindaweni eziphansi bese zincela ujusi omnandi. Ngemuva kokondla amalungu angama-20-30 e-colony, insimu eyihektha eli-1 ihlala igcwele.
- Emabhande amancane ehlathi, izinduku zigaya futhi zidle imbewu esanda itshaliwe yezitshalo zezihlahla, izithombo ezincane.
Ngokokunye ukulinganisela, i-gopher eyodwa ingadla / igcine amakhilogremu amane ezitshalo zokusanhlamvu emgodini ngamunye phakathi nenkathi. Uma inani labantu liba ngabantu abayishumi / amahektha ayi-10 endawo, lapho-ke ukulahleka kokusanhlamvu ngehektha ngalinye kuzoba ngama-40 kg.
Inani le-gopher elandisiwe kakhulu liyingozi yokuhlaselwa yilubhubhane. Ziyakwazi ukuthwala izifo ezithathelwanayo eziyingozi, ikakhulukazi i-brucellosis, inhlupho, i-tularemia. Ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngokuxhumana okuqondile, nangamakhefu. Kungakho inkathazo ivame ukuba yitshe yezinsizakalo ezikhiqiza i-deratization, imininingwane eminingi mayelana nayo ingatholwa lapha.
