UTetra Diamond (Moenkhausia pittieri) Eigenmann, 1920.
Omunye wabameli abahle kakhulu bohlobo lwe-haracinov, owatholakala kumcwaningi u-Egeinmann ngo-1920 nangemva kweminyaka eyi-10, uthathe izikhundla eziqinile kuma-aquariums ase-amateur.
IsiRussia: IDiam Tetra, iMoencausia Diamond
Umndeni: Characinic
Uhlobo lokuzalwa: Moenkauzia (Minekhausia)
Indawo yokuhlala nendawo yokuhlala
ENingizimu Melika: ukuphela kweLake Valencia noma iTacarigua (iSpanishi: Lago de Valencia) esifundazweni saseCarabobo nase-Aragua enyakatho neVenezuela kanye nezindikimba zamanzi ezizungezile.
Leli chibi likhona phakathi kwezintaba ezimbili futhi lichibi lesibili ngobukhulu eVenezuela. Izinga lamanzi livame ukuba mpofu kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokungcoliswa kwemisebenzi yabantu kwezolimo nokukhiqiza kwezimboni. Ngakho-ke, kukhona i-eutrophication engapheli (inqubo yokuwohloka kwekhwalithi yamanzi ngenxa yokudla ngokweqile okubizwa ngokuthi "izakhi zomzimba", ngokuyinhloko i-nitrogen ne-phosphorus compounds) kanye nokugeleza kwamanzi / i-algae. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zehlile cishe ngo-60% ukusuka phakathi kuya ekugcineni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili.
Ihlala ezingxenyeni ezincane zechibi, elinezichichima echibini, kanye nasezinhlwini ezihamba kancane ezihamba kancane.
Iningi labamele lolu hlobo, oluhlinzekwa kwezentengiso yezilwane, lufuthwa kakhulu emapulazini ase-Asia.
Incazelo
Umzimba usesimweni se-oval ende, ephakeme futhi encanyana kancane kamuva. Kukhona i-fat fat, umsila ulayishwe kabili.
Umbala oyinhloko uphuzi nge-tint ebomvu, ingemuva lingaba mpunga-luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma lube nsundu, futhi isisu simhlophe, sifakwe ngesiliva. Amaphiko ngimpunga emnyama enomphetho omhlophe. Imicu emide eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esukela phakathi komzimba iye emsileni.
Ingxenye engenhla ye-iris ibomvu. Izikali kulo lonke umzimba licwebezela, lapho laqanjwa khona, yize kungabantu abavuthiwe ngokocansi kuphela ababonisa umbala ophelele futhi ogqamile, intsha ibukeka kahle.
Ukuziphatha kanye nokuvumelana
Izici zokuziphatha zibonakaliswa lapho kugcina okungenani abantu abangama-5-7, futhi ekuhlanganiseni kwezihlobo eziyi-10-15 ziba ezithakazelisa ngokwengeziwe: abesilisa bakhombisa phambi kwabesifazane, befaka imisila yabo futhi icwebezela ngesikali sabo sedayimane.
Ukukhetha okuhle kwe-aquarium ejwayelekile. Lezi izinhlanzi ezinhle kakhulu futhi ezinokuthula, abesilisa bakhula baba amasayizi ahehayo emndenini wabo. Lezi zingomakhelwane abahle iningi le-viviparous, i-parsing, ezinye i-tetras kanye nezakhamizi zamazinga aphansi, njengeCorridoras noma iLoricaria catfish. Ingatholakala ngama-gourami atholakala kakhulu nama-cichlid amancanyana.
Yize enedumela lokwehlela iminjunju, lokhu kuziphatha kuvame ukuguquka, lapho kugcinwa emhlambini, ngesilinganiso esinjalo noma yiziphi izingqwele zivame ukwenzeka eqenjini lakhe. Njengayo cishe yonke i-tetras, izizwa ingcono kakhulu phambi kwabantu bohlobo olufanayo futhi, njengomthetho, inamahloni amancane uma igcinwe ngobuningi obanele.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Abesilisa bakhulu kunabesifazane, futhi banombala ogqamile. Ubude bomzimba wabo ngokwemvelo bungafinyelela ku-6.5 cm, futhi ku-aquarium, njengomthetho, azinkulu kune-4,5 cm.
I-Diamond Tetra - Owesilisa
Amapuni emadodeni aphakeme kakhulu. I-anal fin ithola ukwakheka kwe-crescent ngeminyaka, kuvame ukuya ngaphezu kobukhulu be-caudal fin. Abesifazane bahlukaniswa isisu esiphelele ngokwengeziwe.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwedayimane yedayimane
Ngezinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye idayimane tetras bakhule ngokobulili (kwesinye isikhathi ukuthomba kuza kamuva).
Ukuzalanisa, kungcono ukusebenzisa izinsikazi lapho isisu, uma sibukwa ngenhla, sanda sibhekise ku-anus.
Abesilisa nabesifazane bagcinwa ngokuhlukile, ngobuningi nangokuhlukahluka ngenkathi bezondla ngokuqhuma amasonto ama-2.
Ukuze ukhiphe umbhangqwana otshalwe kusihlwa. Njengoba kusatshalaliswa, kusetshenziswa imbiza yonke yengilazi enomthamo we-10 l nezinga lamanzi eliphansi (16-20 cm) nendawo ephansi ka-600 sq. Cm isetshenzisiwe Amanzi axazululwe izinsuku ezingama-4-5 kufanele abe uthambile (1-3 ° dGH), acids kancane (pH 6.8), ngokushisa amabanga ambalwa ukuphakama kunokuqukethwe okungu-26-28 ° C. Ungakhohlwa ukuhlunga nge-peat. Ukukhanya okukhanyayo kufanele kube kufiphele kakhulu.
I-Diamond tetra - insikazi
Inetha yezokuphepha ibekwa ngaphansi kwe-aquarium bese kubekwa isihlahla sesitshalo esincane esinamafutha. Ukusatshalaliswa empeleni kumbozwe ngengilazi kusuka phezulu, njengoba ngesikhathi semidlalo yokuzalela, izinhlanzi zivama ukuphuma e-aquarium.
Ukusakazeka kwenzeka ngakusasa ekuseni. Inqubo yokunwebeka ngokwayo iyathakazelisa kakhulu. Owesilisa usakaza amachaphaza amachashaza amachwane futhi, ngokungathi ukudansa, uzungeza insikazi ngokushelela.
Ukusatshalaliswa kweqembu kungenzeka futhi, kulokhu ama-10-12 abantu abathandana nabobulili obuhlukile babekwa ekuqhekekeni okuvulekile ngokwengeziwe (kungahle kube nenani elilinganayo labesilisa nabesifazane).
Iziduna zibhabaza amaqanda acishe abe ngu-300-400 amaqanda akhanyayo afinyelela ku-1 mm. Ukuqhekeka kunodlame impela. Amaqanda anamathela kancane ezitshalweni, futhi ngokunengxenye awela enetheni lokuphepha.
Abakhiqizi bavame ukudla amaqanda abo, ngakho-ke ekugcineni kokusakazwa, kufanele kutshalwe kabusha.
Ngemuva kwalokho, umuthi - i-sera-omnipur (engashintshwa nge-methylene eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) yengezwe emanzini, kanti i-aquarium iboshiwe ngaphandle kokucima i-aeration.
Ukudonswa kwezibungu kuqala ngemuva kwamahora angama-24. Ezinsukwini ezingama-4-5 ezilandelayo, izibungu zondla nge-yolk sac, kancane kancane ziphenduka zibe yi-gazinga. Ngosuku lwesithupha baqala ukubhukuda. Uma kuqhathaniswa namanye ama-tetras, idayimane le-fry likhulu kancane.
Ukuqala kokudla kubo yi-ciliates, ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kungenzeka ukuthi ushintshele ekondleni no-Artemia nauplii kanye ne-microworm.
Ngalesi sikhathi, gazinga ithenda impela. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi izinga lokushisa lamanzi avuthayo lihlala likhona.
Ngokudla okujwayelekile nokunempilo, izinsizwa zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu, kodwa hhayi ngokulinganayo. Ukuze ugweme ukubonakaliswa kwe-cannibalism phakathi kwama-fry, kufanele ahlelwe ngezikhathi ezithile ngosayizi.
Uma konke kwenziwa kahle, enyangeni i-fry ingadluliselwa e-aquarium ebanzi kakhudlwana, kancane kancane yehlise izinga lokushisa kwamanzi ku-23-25 ° С.
Mncane idayimane tetra, icishe ilingane ngobukhulu nenhlanzi yabantu abadala, it is mhlawumbe inconspicuous, kepha asikho isikhathi esiningi esizodlula futhi ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle izophenduka inhlanzi ebabazekayo. Ngayinye kuzohambelana ngokuphelele negama layo.
Ubunzima kokuqukethwe
Kodwa noma kunjalo, kuyathandeka ukuyigcina emanzini athambile.
Iwalungele kahle ama-aquariums ajwayelekile, anokuthula, kodwa asebenzayo kakhulu. Zihamba sonke isikhathi futhi zilamba ngaso sonke isikhathi, kuthi lapho sezilambile zingasinqume izitshalo ezintekenteke.
Kepha, uma bondliwe ngokwanele, bayoshiya izitshalo zodwa.
Njengawo wonke ama-tetras, idayimane lihlala emaphaketheni, futhi udinga ukuqukatha kubantu abangu-7.
Ukondla
Ama-omnivorous, i-diamond tetra idla zonke izinhlobo zokudla okuphilayo, okubandayo noma okufakwayo.
Isisekelo sokudla okunempilo singaba okusanhlamvu, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho sibondle ngokudla okukhona noma okubandayo - ama-bloodworms, artemia.
Futhi-ke, ukhethekile futhi uzivumelanisa nezimo eziningi. Abazithandi izibani ezikhanyayo zamadayimane, kungakuhle ukuthi kuthungelwe i-aquarium.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, e-aquarium enjalo ibukeka ihamba phambili.
Izinguquko ezijwayelekile zamanzi ziyadingeka, kuze kufinyelele ku-25% nokuhlunga. Amapharamitha wamanzi angahluka, kepha azoba manani aphezulu: izinga lokushisa 23-28 C, ph: 5.5-7.5, 2 - 15 dGH.
Ukuzala
I-tetra yedayimane izala ngendlela efanayo nezinye izinhlobo eziningi ze-tetra. I-aquarium ehlukile, enokukhanya okufiphele, kungakuhle ngokuvamile ukuthi uvale ingilazi yangaphambili.
Izitshalo ezinamaqabunga amancane kakhulu kufanele zengezwe kukho, isibonelo iJavanese moss, lapho inhlanzi izobekela amaqanda.
Noma, vala indawo engezansi kwe-aquarium ngosizo lwetha, ngoba ama-tetras angadla amaqanda abo. Amaseli kumele abe makhulu ngokwanele ukuze amaqanda adlule kuwo.
Amanzi avuthayo kufanele abe athambile nge-acidity ye-pH 5.5-6.5, ne-gH ngesihluku esinamandla.
I-tetra yedayimane ingaqhuma ephaketheni, nezinhlanzi eziyishumi zozimbili lezi zinketho ezinhle. Abakhiqizi bondliwe ukudla okuphilayo amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokuqhuma, kuyalulekwa futhi ukukugcina ngokwehlukana.
Ngokudla okunjalo, izinsikazi ziba nzima kusuka ku-caviar ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi abesilisa bazothola umbala wabo omuhle kakhulu futhi bangahanjiswa ekuqhekekeni.
Ukusakaza kuqala ekuseni ngakusasa. Ukuze abakhiqizi bangadli i-caviar, kungcono ukusebenzisa igridi, noma ngokushesha ngemuva kokuhlwanyela ukuyitshala. I-larva izodonsa ngemuva kwamahora angama-24- 36, kanti i-fry izobhukuda ngezinsuku ezi-3-4.
Kusukela kulo mzuzu kuyadingeka ukuqala ukukondla, ukudla okuyinhloko kungukudalwa, noma ukudla kwalolu hlobo, njengoba ukukhula kungadluliselwa ku-fry ku-nauplii artemia.
Ukuhlobisa kwanoma iyiphi i-aquarium yasekhaya, ekhanya njengokukhanya okukhanyayo njengedayimane, yindlela ongayichaza ngayo kafushane inhlanzi encane esebenzayo ebizwa ngokuthi i-diamond tetra.
Ngempela, inhlanzi encane, ekhula kuphela ngo-5-6 cm ubude, ibukeka ibonga kakhulu kwizikali zayo ezicwebezelayo. Ngokukhanya okulinganiselayo kungabonakala ukuthi umbala oyinhloko we-tetra flakes ungwevu onsomi ngombala ophuzi obomvana. Kepha lapho iwela imisebe yokukhanya okukhanyayo, umzimba wayo ucwebezela njengetshe. Empeleni, ngenxa yalokhu izinhlanzi zaba negama lazo.
Ukuchichima kombala kuyatholakala kubantu abadala kuphela, kanti abesifazane bakhona kakhulu kunabesilisa. Ezikalini zabo “zedayimane” elincane kakhulu kuncane kakhulu.
Inhlanzi inesimo somzimba okusaqanda, umzimba uthambile ngokuqinile kusukela ezinhlangothini. By indlela, kwabesifazane kuba mkhulu. Amaphiko mikhulu, i-milky grey, umsila bifurcates omsila.
Ibanga elifishane ngemuva kwe-dorsal fin yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-adipose fin. Lincane kakhulu kune-dorsal futhi liyisici esehlukile kuyo yonke le nhlanzi.
Amehlo ajikelezayo kancane anendawo yokuma: i-iris yengxenye yayo engenhla inombala obomvu.
Umsoco . Ubuhle beDayimane budla cishe noma yikuphi ukudla: ukudla okuncane okubukhoma noma ukudla okuneqhwa okukhanyayo. Akudeleli ukudla kwemifino. Uma ama-tetras engakutholi ukudla kwezitshalo, anganciphisa amaqabunga ezitshalo ezikhona endlini yamanzi.
Ukudla akufanele kuwele ngokushesha okukhulu ezansi, ngoba ngesakhiwo se-anatomical stigma stigma, i-tetras ayikwazi ukuthola ukudla kusuka phansi.
Umbala
Umzimba wale nhlanzi umbozwe izikali zesiliva ezinkulu ezicwazimulayo, ezibonisa ukukhanya. Amaphiko kukhona translucent, ngombala omnene okwesibhakabhaka. Njengoba kwenzeka kaningi, abesilisa kuphela ababukisa ngezingubo zabo. Abesifazane babukeka benesizotha futhi amadayimane esikalini sabo mancane kakhulu. Kepha isigaxa esimfusa siyadlula emzimbeni, sicishe singabonakali kwabesilisa. Amafutha e-females aphuzi.
Isimo somzimba
Ungathola futhi ubulili bale nhlanzi ngosayizi womzimba, ngoba izinsikazi zincane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaphiko amaduna abade futhi anethezekile, ikakhulukazi amachashaza. Umzimba we-tetra yedayimane uyisicaba, uphakeme kancane.
Into ethokozisa kakhulu ukubheka umhlambi walezi zinhlanzi, ngoba phakathi kwabafowethu i-tetra iqala ukukhombisa umlingiswa. Abesilisa bajaha omunye nomunye, bakhazimula ngamadayimane wesikali, bema phambi kwabesifazane, befafaza iminjunju yabo. Ngalesi sikhathi, umbala umnyama kanye nomzimba we-tetra yedayimane uqala ukuhlaba ithusi. Ukukubona konke ngamehlo akho, thola ngokushesha abantu abangu-10-15. E-aquarium, kungakuhle ukutshala izitshalo eziningi futhi uthathe inhlabathi emnyama, ukuze izinhlanzi zihlale zikhululekile. Kodwa-ke, ama-tetras aselula kakhulu, ngakho-ke ungakhohlwa ngesikhala samahhala sokubhukuda phakathi kwehlathi lesitshalo. I-tetra yedayimane ingagcinwa namanye ama-harazinki nezinhlanzi ezincane ezinokuthula.
Ungagcina kanjani ku-aquarium
I-Moenkhausia pittieri kade yaba yisidina senani elikhulu labasubathi emhlabeni wonke. Lesi simo asihlotshaniswa kuphela nezimpawu zaso ezinhle kakhulu zokuhlobisa, kepha futhi nokungaqondakali kanye nokulula kokuqukethwe.
I-Aquarium . Ezimweni ezijwayelekile zokuphila kwezinhlanzi, i-aquarium enkulu ayidingeki nhlobo. Isibonelo, umhlambi wabantu abangu-7 ungafakwa ngokuphephile “embizeni” enamalitha angama-70, kanti imfuyo izoba ntofontofo lapho.
Amapharamitha wamanzi . Izinga lokushisa lamanzi elinethezekile kufanele ligcinwe ebangeni ukusuka ku- +22 kuya ku- +28 degrees, kanti ibhalansi ye-pH kufanele ibe sezingeni elingathathi hlangothi (amayunithi ama-6-7). Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi iDiam Tetra izizwa imnandi kuphela emanzini athambile, ngakho-ke i-dH kufanele ibe ngaphakathi kwama-2-15 degrees. Okungenani ama-20% wamanzi we-aquarium kufanele aguqulwe masonto onke, futhi aqinisekise nokusebenza kwawo okuhle nokuhlunga.
Ama-aquarists anolwazi atusa ukusetshenziswa kwe-peat njengendwangu yokuhlunga.
Isibani i-aquarium kufanele ibe ngokulingana, futhi amahora okukhanya kosuku akufanele abe ngaphezu kwamahora ayi-12.
Ukuvumelana . Enye imfanelo eyenza kube lula ukuyiqukethe le nhlanzi uhlamvu lwayo olunokuthula noluzolile. Ngakho-ke uhlangana kahle nezinye izinhlobo zomndeni wamaKharatsin, ama-cichlid amancane, kanye nezinhlobo ezidumile njenge-rassol, neon ne-zebrafish.
Umsoco . Ama-diamond ubuhle nobuhle budla cishe noma yiluphi uhlobo lokudla: ukudla okuncane okukhona noma ukudla okufriziwe okufakwe isikhafu. Azideleli futhi zitshala ukudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ama-tetras engakutholi ukudla kwezitshalo, angancipha emaphethelweni amaqabunga ezitshalo ezikhona endlini yamanzi.
UKUZALWA
I-tetra yedayimane izala ngendlela efanayo nezinye izinhlobo eziningi ze-tetra. I-aquarium ehlukile, enokukhanya okufiphele, kungakuhle ngokuvamile ukuthi uvale ingilazi yangaphambili. Izitshalo ezinamaqabunga amancane kakhulu kufanele zengezwe kukho, isibonelo iJavanese moss, lapho inhlanzi izobekela amaqanda. Noma, vala indawo engezansi kwe-aquarium ngosizo lwetha, ngoba ama-tetras angadla amaqanda abo. Amaseli kumele abe makhulu ngokwanele ukuze amaqanda adlule kuwo.
Amanzi avuthayo kufanele abe athambile nge-acidity ye-pH 5.5-6.5, ne-gH ngesihluku esinamandla. I-tetra yedayimane ingaqhuma ephaketheni, nezinhlanzi eziyishumi zozimbili lezi zinketho ezinhle. Abakhiqizi bondliwe ukudla okuphilayo amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokuqhuma, kuyalulekwa futhi ukukugcina ngokwehlukana. Ngokudla okunjalo, izinsikazi ziba nzima kusuka ku-caviar ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi abesilisa bazothola umbala wabo omuhle kakhulu futhi bangahanjiswa ekuqhekekeni.
Ukusakaza kuqala ekuseni ngakusasa. Ukuze abakhiqizi bangadli i-caviar, kungcono ukusebenzisa igridi, noma ngokushesha ngemuva kokuhlwanyela ukuyitshala. I-larva izodonsa ngemuva kwamahora angama-24- 36, kanti i-fry izobhukuda ngezinsuku ezi-3-4. Ukusuka kulo mzuzu kuyadingeka ukuqala ukondla, ukudla okuyinhloko kungukudalwa, noma ukudla kwalolu hlobo, njengoba ukukhula kungadluliselwa ku-fry ku-naupilii artemia.
Ama-Tetras anokuthula futhi amahle, afundela inhlanzi, ngakho-ke kuyokuthakazelisa kakhulu ukuthi ubone indlela aziphatha ngayo, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuhluma,
Lolu hlobo lwachazwa okokuqala ngonyaka ka-1920, okwathi ngemuva kwalokho inani labantu base-tetras eLake Valencia laqala ukwehla kakhulu, manje iningi lezinhlanzi lingumphumela wokuzalela okufakelwa,
Izinhlanzi zifinyelela ekukhulelweni ngezinyanga ezingama-6-8, ngesikhathi esifanayo zikhulisa umbala ogcwele.
G. Fominsky, Nizhny Novgorod.
Ukudlondlobala kwama-cichlid aseMalawi sekudlule isikhathi eside, izinkanuko ezi-bae, chain-catfish, snouting snouting kanye nakwamanye amazwe angaphandle asehlile. Kaningi, abasemanzini baseRussia bavuselela isithakazelo sabo esilahlekile kwezinhlanzi ze-haracin. Futhi lokhu kungokwemvelo impela, ngoba ama-characinid amaningi ahlukaniswa ngombala ogqamile, ukuhamba, ukungathobeki, angagcinwa ngisho nasezinhlanzini ezincane zasekhaya, futhi ngamakhono athile umnikazi uzothola kalula inzalo kuwo. Enye yalezinhlanzi kuzoxoxwa ngayo.
(kungaphansi kwaleli gama ukuthi waziwa kakhulu ngabathandi), noma uMoenkhausia pittieri Eigenmann, 1920, weza eRussia evela eJalimane ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-60s. I-taxonomy yesimanje inezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-40 ze-moenkauziy, kodwa mhlawumbe ezifanele kakhulu ukugcina i-aquarium pitteri. Ezweni idayimane tetra yiVenezuela, noma kunalokho, indawo engasogwini lweLake Valencia, imifula yeBus neTikvirito. Ku-vivo idayimane tetra ifinyelela ubude obungu-6 cm, ku-aquarium 4-4.5. Isidumbu esimbozwe embozwe izikali ezinkulu zesiliva-grey, ngasinye sazo esikhanyayo sibenyezelwe ukukhanya kwedayimane.
Emadodeni, i-dorsal fin idluliselwe ekwakhekeni kwengulube. I-anal fin ehlotshiswe ngefriji emhlophe nayo iyelulwa. Amaphinifa we-pectoral angobala, anombala, amanye asepende elinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Abesifazane bancane kakhulu kunabesilisa, izingubo zabo zinesizotha esincane, kanti izikali zabo ezicwebezelayo zincinci kakhulu, inkohliso yabo yasesekisini iyasondelana, abanye bonke amafushane kunawabesilisa. Ukusuka kumaphethelo we-caudal, umucu oboniswe buthaka okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka udlula emzimbeni, ongatholakali kwabesilisa. Amafutha agqamile apinki.
Ukugcina ama-tetras edayimane akunzima. Izinhlanzi zizizwa zizinhle emanzini ampompo axazululiwe ku-T = 22-24 ° C, pH = 7, ngokufakwa kwevolumu ngeviki le-10-15%. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuba ne-aquarium eyindilinga (amalitha ayi-10-12 ngembhangqwana yabantu abadala), etshalwe kakhulu ngamaqabunga e-cirrus, kaomba, i-cryptocoryns, i-echinodorus, i-ferns. Inhlabathi: amatshe amnyama, udaka olucolekile olwandisiwe noma isihlabathi esimile. Ukukhanyisa kuyinto elinganayo (isibani se-20-watt fluorescent amalitha angama-50-60). Ngokuphathelene nokondla, izinhlanzi azizikhetheli: zidla noma yikuphi ukudla okuphilayo, zinika okuthandayo kuma-crustaceans.
Izici zokuziphatha nokucwengwa kwemibala idayimane tetras zibonakala kangcono lapho zakha umhlambi wabantu abangu-15-20. Abesilisa, bejaha omunye nomunye, bezungeza izinsikazi, befafaza imichilo yabo futhi bacabangele abesilisa abathile. Umbala womzimba namaphiko kumnyama ngalezi zikhathi, isikali sakha ithusi. Ngesikhathi sokudansa okungokwesiko, ukusikeka kuvame ukwenzeka, kodwa cishe akunakwenzeka ukugcina amaqanda e-aquarium ejwayelekile. Ukuze inzalo umbhangqwana idayimane tetras kufakwe emgqonyeni ohlukile onesilinganiso samalitha ayi-10 yengilazi e-organic noma eyisilika. Amanzi avuthayo alungiswa ngezindlela eziningana. Indlela elula ukubilisa amanzi abilisiwe ubusuku bonke, uthele embizeni yokuvula futhi usize amahora amaningi. Ungathatha amanzi e-aquarium lapho abakhiqizi babehlala khona, hlanganisa nenani elilinganayo le-distill noma elidlule kumakholomu we-ion-exchange bese ukuvumela ukuba kume izinsuku ezimbili. Amanye ama-olwandle asebenzisa amanzi avela ezihlahleni zamahlathi, emvuleni noma eqhweni iNizhny Novgorod haraciners zivame ukuya ngale ndlela. Kodwa-ke, uma kunikezwe izimo ezingezinhle zemvelo kuma-megacities, lawo manzi kufanele ahlanzwe kahle.
Kunconywa ukuthi izinga lokushisa lamanzi ngesikhathi sokuqhuma ligcinwe ku-26-27 ° C, i-dGH yamanzi atholakala ngezindlela ezingenhla imvamisa i-4-6 °, pH = 6.5-7. Izidingo zokungeza i-infunning kanye ne-acidifying infusions noma ama-decoctions (i-peat, i-alder cones, i-oak bark) emhlabathini wokuzalela. Amanzi axazulule endaweni enwebayo izinsuku ezingama-2-3 ngokusizwa okungalingani okujwayelekile.
Ngaphambi kokusakazeka, kungakuhle ukuthi abakhiqizi bembewu basebenzise izinsuku ezingama-6-8 futhi bondle kakhulu ama-crustaceans noma okunye ukudla okuphilayo. Ukuze kuthi emva kokuqhekeka, abakhiqizi bangadli i-caviar, phansi kwesiqhekezi kumbozwe ngensimbi noma ngendwangu yokuwasha (mhlawumbe eluhlaza okotshani noma onsundu). Amachashaza aminyene wezitshalo ezincane ezine-naved zingasetshenziswa njengokuvikelwa kwe-caviar. Empeleni, ku-substrate yokuqhuma idayimane tetra akadingi. Kodwa uma ufaka izihlahla ezimbalwa ze-cryptocoryne, i-Indian fern, i-hygrophile, noma ama-3-4 amagatsha e-ambulia, kabomba, njll enetheni elivikelayo, ngeke libe libi kakhulu. Ukukhanyisa akukubi futhi kuyaphazamisa. Kuhle uma ukukhanya kwemvelo okuguquliwe kusuka ewindini kusebenza kanjalo. Uma kunesidingo, sebenzisa amalambu avuthayo ngamandla wama-wat 25-25.
Ukufakelwa i-spawning kwenziwa kangcono kusihlwa. Uma izinhlanzi zisesimweni sokuqhuma, khona-ke ukuqhuma kokusa okulandelayo kwenzeka. Kwesinye isikhathi ukukhahlazeka kubambezeleka ngu-2-3, kuya ngaphansi kwezinsuku eziyi-5, kuthi okucashile okucashile kusuka ekuzithandeni kowesilisa ngobukhulu bezitshalo. Njengomthetho, ukubambezeleka kwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi amaqanda asesiswini sowesifazane akafikanga esigabeni sokuvuthwa esifiselekayo. Kulokhu, ukuvuselela ukuqhekeka, umphumela omuhle utholakala ngokungeza u-1.0-1.5 l wamanzi amasha athambile nge-T = 29-30 ° C ekuphaphazeni.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwabesilisa idayimane tetra ejaha ngenkani intokazi, imkhipha nge-caviar. Kuthatha amahora 1.5-2, kwesinye isikhathi isikhathi eside, kuya ngezinga lokulungela kwezinhlanzi kanye nesimo sazo somzimba. Njengomthetho, insikazi iphonsa amaqanda angama-350-400, okungaphansi kwawo-40-60% kumanyolo kumamaki okuqala.
Ngemuva kokuqhekeka, abakhiqizi bayatshalwa. Izitshalo kanye netha, okuqothula amaqanda kubo, nazo ziyasuswa ezindaweni ezinwebayo. Ukucindezela ukuqubuka kwe-bacterial-fungal, i-methylene eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma i-tripaflavin yengezwe emanzini. Jar i-tetra mnyama. Kungcono ukuthi uqhubeke nokuxhaswa. Umuntu angenza ngendlela ehlukile: buyisela amanzi angama-60-70% ngamanzi amasha okuvela okufanayo nokushisa. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ukhuphule isilinganiso se-caviar ejwayelekile.
Cishe usuku kamuva, ku-T = 26-27 ° C, izibungu ezibonakala obala zikhanya. Balala phansi noma banamathele ezindongeni zomsele. Ngosuku lwesithupha kusakazeka izingane. IMalek inkulu, iqinile, imnyama ngombala nge-hatching transverse. Inqubo yokondla ilula: izinsuku zokuqala ezi-2 zinika i-ciliator noma isiko, futhi ama-rotifers wemvelo ngokukhethekile ekubumbeni "uthuli bukhoma". Ngokudla lokhu, ukukhula kwensizwa kukhula phambi kwamehlo ethu. Ngemuva kwesonto, idluliselwa kwizibungu zemvelo, isifutho esisheshayo esincane, kanye nesigaxa esihlekwe kahle.
Ngokuphana okuningana nokufanele ngosuku lwamashumi amabili lwefry idayimane tetra finyelela ku-1 cm ubude, kepha nokho ugcine ukungasebenzi. Lapho beneminyaka eyodwa yenyanga, bathola ukwakheka nombala wabazali babo. Manje sekuyisikhathi sokuzifaka kwi-aquarium yokukhula. Ngaphambi nje kwalapho kuphinde kwenzeke khona kabusha, baqala ukukhulisa ukuqina (lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze ukuthosa kuthuthukiswe) futhi kulinganise amanye amapharamitha wokunwaya namanzi okufafaza, engeza izingilazi ezi-1-2 zamanzi ukusuka ku-aquarium nsuku zonke nabakhiqizi. Kuyinto elula ukuhlanganisa le nqubo nokondla, i-rinsing elicwengiwe elicwengekile engilazini enamanzi e-aquarium kanye nokuthululela okuqukethwe kungonakalisi.
Ngezinyanga eziyi-6-7, intsha ithola zonke izici zamadayimane amakhulu abantu abadala, ukuya kufinyeleleka kocansi, futhi bakulungele ukubamba iqhaza ekuzithobeni ngokwabo.
Ukuphila endalweni
IDiametra tetra (Moenkhausia pittieri) yaqala yachazwa yi-Egeinmann ngo-1920. Ihlala eSouth Africa, emifuleni: iRio Blue, iRio Tikuriti, iLake Valencia neVenezuela. Babhukuda ezikoleni, bondla izinambuzane eziwile emanzini futhi bahlala emanzini.
Bathanda amanzi athambile amachibi noma imfucuza ehamba kancane, enezitshalo eziningi ezansi.
Amachibi iValencia neVenezuela angamachibi amakhulu amakhulu phakathi kwezintaba ezimbili. Kepha, ngenxa yokuthi amachibi anobuthi ngenxa yomanyolo abasebenza emasimini aseduze, inani labantu kuwo limpofu kakhulu.
I-Aquarium
Ubungako be-aquarium bukhethiwe ngesilinganiso samalitha ayi-10 i-10 i-pair yezinhlanzi zabantu abadala. Iqembu elincane lizodinga i-aquarium enamasayizi ayisisekelo ukusuka ku-60 * 37.5 cm - cishe amalitha angama-70.
Kungukubukeka okuhle okuguqukayo okuzozizwa kukuhle ezinhlobonhlobo zama-aquarium, yize-ke kungathandi ukukhanya okukhanyayo. Kepha kubukeka kukuhle kuma-aquariums atshalwe ngokuqondile, lapho kukhombisa khona umbala ogcwele.
Ikulungele kahle ukugcina endaweni evulekile eyindilinga evamile enotshani obuminyene obuzungeze umngcele, izitshalo ezintantayo, indawo yamahhala yokubhukuda, ukukhanya kwesibhakabhaka kanye nomhlaba omnyama.
Ingagcinwa ku-aquarium ene-biotope yase-Amazonia. Sebenzisa isihlabathi somfula njengendawo esezingeni eliphansi futhi kufanelekile ukungeza izingibe ezimbalwa ze-branchy. Izandla ezimbalwa zamaqabunga omisiwe (i-beech noma i-oki) ziqedela ukuzilibazisa kokubukeka kwemvelo. Ukukhanyisa kufanele kube kufiphele ngokwanele.
Umsoco
Emvelweni, zidla izinambuzane ezincane nama-invertebrates ahlala emanzini noma awela kuwo.
I-Omnivore, izodla konke ongakunikeza. Ngokwesimo nombala ongcono kakhulu - ukudla okujwayelekile okudla okuncane okukhona nokufriza, okufana nama-bloodworms, daphnia kanye ne-artemia, kanye nezinhlamvu ezomisiwe kanye namagilebhisi.
Dimorphism Yocansi
Abesilisa banciphile ngokwengeziwe futhi banempilo encane kunabesifazane, benesilinganiso esikhulu kakhulu sokubonisa izikali. Lapho sesivuthiwe, anezimpiko ezingamakhaza zangaphakathi, zesikhumba nezokuhlinza. Abesilisa banombala onsomi ophuzi, kanti kwabesifazane cishe awubonakali.
Ukushicilelwa kwe-tetra yedayimane
Ukuze uqhume, izinhlanzi zikhethwa lapho (uma zibukwa zivela phezulu), isisu sikhuphuka sisiya kwi-anal fin. Ngokucophelela udinga ukulungiselela izinsikazi ukuzala inzalo. Ukondla kufanele kuhluke futhi kube nekhwalithi ephezulu.
I-aquarium eqabulayo kufanele okungenani ibe ngamalitha ayi-15. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi - 26-27 ℃. Ngezansi qinisa inetha lokuphepha, beka inani elincane. Abakhiqizi batshalwe ezindaweni ezinwebekayo kusihlwa. Ukusakazeka kwenzeka ekuseni. I-caviar ifakwe emacembe ezitshalo, ezinye ziwela ngetha. Ngemuva kosuku, kuvela izibungu. Emva kwezinye izinsuku ezintathu, baqala ukubhukuda. Fry likhulu kakhulu. Ama-cyclops, i-artemia nauplii angasebenza njengokudla ngalesi sikhathi. Ama-tetras edayimane avuthwa ngokocansi izinyanga eziyi-8.
Izinhlanzi zeCharacine bekulokhu kuyizintandokazi ze-aquarium. Ngoba bazizwa bekhulu ngisho nasezinhlanzini ezincane futhi, benesifiso, ama-characinas angadalwa ngaphandle kobunzima obuningi. I-Diamond tetra ingesinye esimele lo mndeni ongathembeki.
Izimo
Ngisho nokuqina okuqinile kakhulu futhi kuvumelana nezimo ezahlukahlukene, izinhlanzi ze-aquarium zinenombolo Izidingo ezibalulekile futhi ezinganakwa ziyadikibala kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, ngempilo ntofontofo i-tetra yedayimane izoqala idinge inkampani. Ukugcina umhlambi usenani labantu aba-5, kuzodingeka ithangi lamalitha angama-50-70 (izinhlanzi eziningi, ngokulandelana - ivolumu ethe xaxa). Isihlungi, i-compressor (uma kungazelelwe amandla wokuhlunga we-aeration akwanele) nesembozo kufanele sifakwe ne-aquarium.
Ngokuqondene nemingcele yamanzi, akukho lutho oluyinkimbinkimbi: izinga lokushisa lingama-22-28 ° С, i-acidity ingu-5.5-7pH, ubulukhuni bufiseleka kuze kufike ku-15-20 ° dH. Amanzi wamasonto onke aguqukela kukota yesilinganiso.
Inhlabathi ukukhetha kwakho, kepha kungcono ukusebenzisa isihlabathi. Ukukhanya kukhanya, lo mbono ngokungalungile ubhekisele ekukhanyiseni kwelanga, futhi kumane kukhanya kakhulu. Isikena - ekunambithekeni kwakho nasekuthandeni kwakho, kepha izitshalo ezidingekayo siyadingeka. Ama thickets aminyene amukelekile, anikeza isithunzi esiningi, kepha ungawasebenzisi ngokweqile - shiya ingxenye yesikhala mahhala ukuze ama-tetras asebenzayo abe nendawo yokuhlaselana.
I-Tetra Diamond - okuqukethwe.
Igama lesayensi: Moenkhausia pittieri (Moenkausia Pittieri).
Amagama adumile: I-Diamond Tetra, iDayimane Characin.
I-Tetra Diamond Care Level: Easy.
Usayizi: 6cm (2.3 inches).
- pH 6-7
- Ibanga le-dH: 5-12
- t 0: kusuka ku-24 0 С kuya ku-28 0 С (75-82 0 F)
IDiam Tetra ihlala e-aquarium kusuka eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwemihlanu.
Umsuka: ENingizimu Melika, ichibi laseLake Valencia eVenezuela.
Ukushisa: kufana kakhulu nokuziphatha kwamanye ama-tetras. Zigcine zidingeka izingcezu ezi-5 noma ngaphezulu e-aquarium eyodwa.
Ukuzala I-Diamond Tetra: Ukuzala kabusha kwenzeka njengakwamanye ama-characin. Lezi zinhlanzi zivelela kahle ezikoleni, ngakho-ke, amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokuhluma, wonke amaduna kufanele asuswe kwabesifazane. Ngalesi sikhathi, wonke umuntu udinga ukondliwa kahle, esebenzisa okuphakelayo okuningi okuseqophelweni eliphezulu.
Ukukhiqiza kabusha i-Diamond Tetra, sebenzisa i-aquarium ehlukile ebizwa ngokuthi yi-Spawning komhlaba. Kuyadingeka ukudala izimo ezilungele ukusatshalaliswa kulo: ukukhanya okufiphele, ingilazi kusuka ekungeneni kokukhanya ungene e-aquarium kumbozwe ngephepha, bese inetha libekwa ezansi elingenalutho (1-2 cm ukusuka phansi) noma elitshalwe ngezitshalo (ezinesisindo ngezinsimbi), njengeJavanese moss . Amanzi ethangini kufanele abe nobunzima be-1-5 0 dH, acidity pH 5.5-6.5 kanye lokushisa lika-26-27 0 C.
IDayimane Tetra ukuqhuma kuqala ngakusasa ngemuva kokufika kwayo ekuqhekekeni. Ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqeda ukuphonsa i-caviar, abakhiqizi bayahlanzwa (ukuze bangadli i-caviar).
I-Brilliant Tetra Fry hatch ngemuva kwamahora angama-36, kuthi emva kwezinye izinsuku ezi-4 baqale ukubondla nge-infusoria, bese kuba yi-artemia nauplii.
Usayizi we-Aquarium: Ngomhlambi omncane, kunconywa i-aquarium engama-80-120L
Ukuvumelana kweDiam Tetra: ukunciphisa umkhawulo wamachilo, kubalulekile ukuwagcina emihlambini. Vikela ukuzigcina nezinhlanzi ezinkulu ezanele ezingazidla.
Ukudla / Okuphakelayo kwe-Diamond Tetras: Endle, zidla izinambuzane, izibungu kanye nama-crustaceans. Ekhaya, bazodla ama-flakes asezingeni eliphakeme noma okheni. Njengemvunulo ephezulu yezikhathi ezithile, ungasebenzisa okuphakelayo okubukhoma noma okunqunyelwe.
Izifo zeDayimane Tetra: izimpawu nokwelashwa.
Isifunda: izinhlanzi ziyasebenza impela futhi zigcina zisondele ezansi kwe-aquarium.