Emaphethelweni aseMalacca nase-Indochina, eziqhingini zaseKalimantan naseSumatra, nasendaweni yaseBurma nase-Assame, obhejane baseSumatran bahlala. Futhi nomaphi lapho behlala khona ngamanani amancane kakhulu :(

ISumatran obhejane (lat. Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) zihlobana nezilwane ezilinganayo zomndeni wobhejane. Lolu hlobo lobhejane lincane kunazo zonke emndenini wonke. Ubude bomzimba wobhejane waseSumatran osemdala bungafinyelela kuma-200 - 280 cm, futhi ukuphakama kwawo ezintanjeni kungaqala kusuka ku-100 kuya ku-150 cm. Ubhejane obunjalo bungaba nesisindo esingama-1000 kg.

Ubhejane baseSumatran izinhlobo zezilwane zakudala zalo mndeni wesilwane. Izinwele ezingafakwanga kahle zimboza umzimba wonke, ngisho nezindlebe zale mikhombe zihlangane izinwele. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi obhejane abancane bambozwa izinwele ezinohlonze, ezincipha isikhathi futhi, ekugcineni, cishe zinyamalale. Umbala womzimba ungahluka kubantu abahlukile futhi ungahluka kusuka kokumpunga kuya komnyama. Ku-walrus yalezi zilwane kunezimpondo ezimbili, uphondo lwangemuva luncane futhi lubukeka njengophawu, kepha uphondo lwangaphambili lungaba nobukhulu obungamasentimitha angama-15 kuya kwangama-15. Kwabesilisa, uphondo lukhulu kakhulu kunakwizinsikazi zabesifazane bakwaSumatran.

Obhejane balolu hlobo bahlala emahlathini aminyene, ezindaweni eziseduze kwichibi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bazama ukuzinza ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu emagqumeni. Obhejane baseSumatran bathanda ukuhlala bodwa. Esikhathini sasemini, izilwane azisebenzi futhi esikhathini esiningi zithanda ukuchitha isikhathi ezindaweni ezisithekile lapho kungekho muntu ozokubabona noma azifihle emigodini yodaka.

Obhejane baseSumatran abahlala ezwekazini bahluke kancane kulabo bantu abahlala eziqhingini. Okokuqala, obhejane basemhlabeni banosayizi omncane ngokwengeziwe. Okwesibili, uboya bezilwane ezinjalo bukhanya futhi bude. Okwesithathu, umsila wabantu abavela ezweni elikhulu umfushane futhi uphela ngebhulashi. Okwesine, izindlebe zalezo zinhlobo zobhejane zimbozwe ngensimbi emhlophe impela, engafakwanga ezilwaneni ezihlala kulesi siqhingi.

Eziphuma kwezinye izilwane zomndeni. Ubhejane baseSumatran nabo banamafolda amancane aphawuleka. Zinezikhumba ezibushelelezi futhi ezinciphile. Ubhejane baseSumatran badla amahlumela we-bamboo, amaqabunga kanye namahlumela ahlukahlukene wokudla. Ukukhulelwa kulezi zilwane kuthatha izinyanga ezingama-7-8, emva kwalokho kuzelwe ikonyana elilodwa. Manje obhejane baseSumatran basondele ekuqothulweni, futhi ukuze ngandlela-thile bazivikele, babhalwe eNcwadini ebomvu.

Phambilini, obhejane baseSumatran babehlala ezindaweni eziningi, kepha bacekeka phansi ngokushesha. Abantu babezingela lezi zilwane ngenxa yophondo lwazo, nezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Kukholakala ukuthi izingxenye zomzimba wobhejane ziyakwazi ukukhulisa imisebenzi yezocansi. Esikhathini esiningi, imali enjalo yayithengiswa eChina.

Abazingeli bakwaRhino abaze bayeke, iqiniso lokuthi lezi zilwane zihlala kude kakhulu nokuhlala kwabantu ezindaweni ezikude. Endaweni ngayinye, umuntu wayezingela obhejane ngendlela yakhe, ikakhulukazi izilwane eziningi zifa eminyakeni edlule, futhi konke kubonga ukuthi abazingeli bathole ithuba lokusebenzisa izibhamu.

Namuhla, kunabantu abangaba ngu-100-170 obhejane baseSumatran abashiywe emhlabeni. Esebonke abantu abangama-60 bahlala eSumatra, cishe bangama-20-30 eBurma, abangama-30 eMalaysia, abayi-6 eThailand, babalelwa ku-10-30 abantu eKalimantan nabayi-10 eCambodia.

Isibalo sobhejane baseSumatran naso sincishiswa kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi ezolimo zithuthuka ngokushesha. Abantu bathuthukisa izindawo ezintsha ngokwengeziwe, ngenxa yalokho, izilwane kufanele zishiya izindawo zazo, zizinze kwezinye izindawo. Kungakho imvamisa abantu abangashadile bahlala kude nabanye futhi bengakwazi ukuzala.

Munye kuphela omelele kulolu hlobo lobhejane ohlala ekudingisweni - lo ngowesifazane, owabanjwa emuva ngo-1959 futhi usahlala eCopenhagen Zoo. Ngaso sonke isikhathi ngenkathi esekudingisweni, abantu bazama ukumtholela umlingani, kodwa mangaki imizamo engazange yenziwe, konke kuphelile ngokuhluleka.

Ukuze kugcinwe lolu hlobo lobhejane, zonke iziphathimandla zamazwe ezihlala kuwo kufanele ziqaphe ngokucophelela ukuthi zazingazingeli. Ngakho-ke, yonke imithetho kufanele ibuyekezwe ukuze kungabikho muntu ongazibhubhisa lezi zilwane, athole izisulu ezisemthethweni. Futhi, ukuze kugcinwe obhejane baseSumatran, abantu kufanele bathole indawo abahlala kuyo futhi, uma kungenzeka, benze impilo yezilwane iphephe ngangokunokwenzeka.

26.01.2016

Cishe eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbili edlule, umphilisi waseChinese ongaziwa uthole ukuthi uphondo olwebile we-Sumatran obhejane (Latin Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) unikeza impumuzo ekulimaleni kwekhanda nasekushiseni komzimba okushisa ngesikhathi somkhuhlane.

Ngenxa yalokhu, kakade ngeNkathi Ephakathi lesi silwane sasiqabukela kakhulu, futhi okwamanje, inani labantu baso ngokwezibalo ezinethemba elikhulu alidluli abantu abangama-200.

Ubhejane weSumatran uthathwa njengesihlobo esiseduze kakhulu sobhejane oboya oshone eminyakeni engaba yizinkulungwane eziyi-10 eyedlule, ebihlala kulo lonke elase-Eurasia enyakatho yezindawo ezishisayo.

Manje kunezindlela ezimbili ezingaphansi. Izingqinamba D.s. I-sumatrensis ihlala esiqhingini saseSumatra, kanye nezindawo ezingaphansi kwaD. harrissoni esiqhingini sase-borneo.

Ukuziphatha

Isilwane siphila impilo yemfihlo eyimfihlo. Iyasebenza ebusuku nakusihlwa. Emini, obhejane uyagobhoza odakeni ukuze aqede izinambuzane ezicasulayo futhi acashe ekushiseni kosuku. Indawo yasekhaya yowesilisa ifinyelela ku-50 sq. km, kanti abesifazane bangaphindwe izikhathi 4-5.

Ukuthatha amanzi okugeza, ubhejane uvame ukugaya ichibi elincane ukusuka kumamitha-skwele amathathu kuya kwayi-15. m. Eduze kwayo kuyindawo yokuphumula.

Imingcele yesakhiwo imakwe ngokugaywa. Esikhathini semvula, izilwane eziningi zifudukela ezindaweni zezintaba. Akukho datha eqondile yokuthi bavikela indawo yabo ezihlotsheni. Ngokusobala azisebenzisi izimpondo ekulweni, kepha zikhawulelwe ukulunywa.

Ubhejane weSumatran osabekayo ungagijima ngokushesha kakhulu futhi uvame ukuya emgangeni. Akenzi indlela yakhe ngokusebenzisa izihlahla eziminyene, kodwa ukhetha ukunqoba izihlahlana eziphansi nezihlahla, ebeka indlela.

Umsoco

Ukudla kuqukethe ukudla komsuka wezitshalo. Isilwane sidla amaqabunga, amagatsha, amagxolo nembewu yezitshalo ezingamakhulu amaningana. Uthanda izithelo, ikakhulukazi imango, ubhanana namakhiwane. Kwamakhambi, umdondoshiya obambe isikhumba ubheka izitshalo ezivela emndenini wakwaNettle (i-Urticaceae) njengezijabulisa kakhulu.

Ukondliwa kwenzeka ogwini lwezidumbu zamanzi nasemingceleni yamahlathi. Uphondo luvame ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokudla. Babulala izilo zezihlahla. Amagatsha alele phansi aphuka ngosizo lwemilenze. Ubhejane udla ama-50-60 kg wokudla ngosuku.

Ukuzala

Kuze kube manje, abacwaningi abakwazanga ukuzibona mathupha inqubo yokuzalanisa obhejane baseSumatran ezimweni zemvelo. Ekudingisweni, azala kakhulu.

Owesifazane olungele ukuzala uziphulula umchamo eduze kwakhe ngosizo lomsila. Ukumameka iphunga lakhe, owesilisa uba nolaka kakhulu futhi ugijimela emuva emvakwakhe.

Umhlangano wezilwane uhambisana nokumemeza okukhulu. Zizwa izinhlangothi nezinyawo zazo isikhathi eside ngemisipha yazo, kwesinye isikhathi zishayisana kabuhlungu. Ukuphindana kuphindaphindwa izikhathi ezingama-25 zilandelana.

Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga ezi-15 kuye kwezingu-16, futhi ubude besikhathi sabo yizinsuku ezingama-465.

Insikazi iletha iwundlu elilodwa njalo eminyakeni engama-4-5. Usana olusanda kuzalwa lunesisindo esisukela ku-25 kuya kwengama-30 kg. Ukuphakama kwaso kufinyelela kuma-60 cm. Ingane inesigaxa esingaba ngu-2 cm ukuphakama endaweni yophondo lwangomuso. Imbozwe izinwele ezinde, ezimnyama ezikhanyayo njengoba ukhula.

Usana olusanda kuzalwa lungama luqine ngezinyawo zalo kungakapheli isigamu sehora seluzelwe. Ngemuva kwelinye ihora, uqala ukugijima.

Ngemuva kokugijimela amahora amabili noma amathathu nokwazi umhlaba wangaphandle, iwundlu liqala ukuzwa imizwa yendlala. Njengoba esakhe isifiso sakhe sokudla, uyaqhubeka nokunambitha kwakhe okokuqala kobisi lukamama.

Ingane izuza nsuku zonke kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-2 kg wesisindo bukhoma.

Uqala ukudla ukudla kwezitshalo ngenyanga yokuqala yokuphila. Eminyakeni eyodwa konyaka, uqinile unesisindo esingama-400 kg. Ukuzondla ngobisi kuvame ukuhlala izinyanga eziyi-13. Abesifazane bavuthwa ngokocansi abaneminyaka engama-6-7, bese kuthi abesilisa kube yiminyaka emithathu kamuva.

Incazelo

Ukuphakama lapho kufota kufinyelela ku-120-140 cm, nobude bomzimba kube ngu-220-250 cm. Isisindo esijwayelekile singama-500-750 kg. Ezilwaneni zasekhaya, izilwane ezikhuluphele zinesisindo esingaba ngu-1000 kg.

Ubude bophondo lwamakhala buvame ukusuka ku-15 kuye ku-30 ​​cm. Uphondo lufishane, lungabi ngaphezu kwama-cm ayi-10. Izimpondo zidwetshwe ngombala omnyama noma omnyama. Ba mfushane kancane kubantu besifazane.

Umugqa wezinwele ubomvu onsundu. Njengoba iminyaka ikhula, kancane kancane inyamalala kubantu abaningi.

Ezimweni zemvelo, obhejane baseSumatran bahlala cishe iminyaka engama-30 kuye kwengama-45. Ekudingisweni, isikhathi sokuphila esiphakeme kakhulu asidluli iminyaka engama-33.