Namuhla, ngenxa yokuhlaselana ngokweqile kweplanethi yethu, kanye neqiniso lokuthi imvelo iya ngokuya ihlushwa yimiphumela yomuntu oyichitha ngemfucumfucu ehlukahlukene yezimboni, futhi imvamisa nje isimo sakhe sokukhohlisa kwezitshalo nezilwane, izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane, Kusukela kudala ababehlala ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zaseRussia, base besondele ekuqothulweni.
Ukuze okungenani ume le nqubo futhi ufundise abantu ukuthi banakekele imvelo ephilayo ebazungezile, kwenziwa i-Red Book of Russia. Iqukethe hhayi izilwane kuphela, inani lazo maqondana nokubhujiswa ngabantu, kwesinye isikhathi lifinyelela kubantu abambalwa kuphela, kodwa futhi nezitshalo, izinambuzane, izinyoni, amakhowe ...
Ubomvu noma intaba yempisi
Ubude bomzimba kufika kumitha eyi-1, isisindo kusuka ku-12 kuya ku-21 kg, kubukeka njengempungushe, empeleni, kwahlushwa lokhu. Abazingeli bomaye, hhayi abazi kahle ubuciko be-zoology, babeka lolu hlobo lokudubula oluningi. Ngokuyisisekelo, impisi yasentabeni idonsela abantu ngoboya bayo obuhle obucwathile, umbala obomvu okhanyayo no- "qaqobana" ohlukile - isiphuzo somsila, okungefani nephimpi, simnyama. Impisi ebomvu ihlala eMpumalanga Ekude, eChina naseMongolia, ithanda ukuhamba emihlambini emincane - isuka kwabangu-8 iye kwabangu-15.
Ama-Amur (Ussuri) ihlosi
Ama-Amur (Ussuri) ihlosi elincane elingaziwa elishiywe endle yezwe lethu. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ogwini olusogwini lweSikhote-Alin, inani lalezinkukhu zasendle lisale lincane kakhulu. Ama-Amur tiger angafinyelela kumamitha amabili ubude. Umsila wazo futhi mude - kufinyelela kumitha elilodwa.
I-Taimen, noma i-taimen ejwayelekile
I-Taimen ibhalwe ku-Red Book of Russia futhi ivikelwe kakhulu ezifundeni eziningana zeRussian Federation. Ngokuya kwe-IUCN, imiphilo evamile yemisima iyaqothulwa noma incishiswe kakhulu ezindaweni ezingama-39 kwezingama-57: abantu abambalwa kuphela abahlala ezindaweni ezikude ababhekwa njengabazinza.
Inyamazane yedlozi
I-Musk deer isilwane esinezintambo ezibunjiweyo esibukeka njengezinyamazane, kepha ngokungafani nayo, ngaphandle kwezimpondo. Kepha inyamazane enamasikhu inenye indlela yokuvikela - amafishi akhula emhlathini ongenhla wesilwane, ngenxa yokuthi lesi sidalwa esingenangozi empeleni sasibhekwa njenge-vampire ephuza igazi lezinye izilwane.
I-dormouse yehlathi
I-dormouse yamahlathi ifakwe ohlwini ngokusemthethweni kwiNcwadi Ebomvu yezinye izifunda zeRussia Federation. Lezi yizifunda zeKursk, Oryol, Tambov neLipetsk. Ngaphakathi, le nhlobo ivikelwe yi-Vienna Convention. Kubuye kufakwe kuhlu olubomvu lwe-IUCN.
Leopard eseMpumalanga Ekude
Ingwe eyiFar East iyisilwane esihlakaniphile esisohlwini lweNcwadi ebomvu, esingasoze sahlasela umuntu. Kepha indoda yethu icabanga kanjalo? Cha! Yize kunqatshelwe, abazingeli abazingeli bayaqhubeka nokuqothula lezi zilwane, hhayi zona kuphela. Ukubhujiswa kakhulu nokudla okuyinhloko kwengwe - inyamazane yenyamazane kanye nesidlwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekwakhiweni kwemigwaqo emikhulu emisha nemizi, amahlathi aphelele ayachithwa, futhi asuse izilwane nakho konke ukuhlaza.
I-Snow Leopard (Irbis)
Omunye umhlaseli obhalwe ku-Red Book of Russia. Indawo yokuhlala kwengwe yeqhwa yindawo yezintaba ese-Central Asia. Kungenxa yokuhlala endaweni engafinyeleleki futhi enokhahlo ukuthi lesi silwane sigcine ukukubhaliswa kwabo ohlwini lwezilwane ezikhona emhlabeni wethu, yize sekuyivelakancane.
I-Amur goral
I-subspecies yembuzi esezintabeni, ehlala eTrimorsky Territory, abamele le zinhlobo zigcinwa ndawonye ngamaqembu amancane - ukusuka kwabayisithupha kuya kwabangu-8. Ubuningi balezi zinhlobo eRussia buncane - cishe abantu abangama-700. Uhlobo olufana ne-Amur goral lutholakala eTibet Plateau naseHimalaya.
Kulan
Ukubhalwa kwembongolo yase-Asia yasendle, okwamanje emvelweni ayitholakali. Abanye abantu baqoshwa eCentral Asia naseMiddle East. Ukubuyisela inani labantu ezinhlotsheni, enye yezindawo ezigcinwe eTurkmenistan yaphoqeleka ukuba yenze lo msebenzi wokufuya walezi zilwane.
I-Atlantic walrus
Indawo ehlala kuyo amaBarents namaKara Seas. Ubude bomzimba we-walrus abadala bufika kumamitha amane, nesisindo - kufinyelela kumathani owodwa nengxenye. Maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka lamashumi amabili, lase licishe liqothulwe ngokuphelele, manje, ngenxa yemizamo yezazi zezinto eziphilayo, kubalwa ukwanda kancane kwabantu, kepha akekho ongatshela inani eliqondile lezi zinhlobo zezilwane, ngoba zinzima kakhulu ukufika ezingxenyeni zalezi zilwane ngaphandle kwemishini ekhethekile neqhwa.
UJeren
Imfolozi emincane neqinile. Ukuphakama kwabesilisa kuze kufike ku-85 cm kanti isisindo cishe singama-40 kg, izimpondo ezimnyama ezingenalutho, umbala woboya baphuzi-buff. Izinsikazi zifinyelela ubude obufika kuma-75 cm nesisindo esifinyelela kuma-30 kg. Lezi zintelezi - izakhamizi ezijwayelekile zama-steppes namahlane, zazivame ukutholakala eningizimu yezintaba ze-Altai, kepha zaxoshwa lapho ngenxa yobuningi babantu kulezi zindawo.
I-Central Asia Leopard
Ingwe yaseCentral Asia, eyaziwa nangokuthi ingwe yaseCaucasian (Panthera pardus ciscaucasica), ingezilwane ezincelisayo ezivela emndenini wakwaFeline. Lokhu okubhaliselwe kwengwe kuhlala ikakhulukazi entshonalanga ye-Asia futhi kuyimelela elikhanyayo, kepha elivelakancane kakhulu lohlobo lwePanther.
Lezi yizakhamizi ezimbalwa zemiphakathi yemvelo ubukhona bazo obusengozini.
Ibhubesi lase-Afrika
Ibhubesi belilokhu liyinkosi yezilwane, ngisho nasesikhathini sakudala lesi silwane sakhonzwa. KumaGibhithe asendulo, ibhubesi lalisebenza njengesidalwa sokuqapha, ligada ukungena kwelinye izwe. KumaGibhithe asendulo, unkulunkulu wenzalo u-Aker wayevezwa ngembo yebhubesi. Emhlabeni wanamuhla, izifanekiselo eziningi zezifundazwe zifanekisela inkosi yezilwane.
I-Bengal tiger
I-Bengal tiger (isiLatini: Panther tigris tigris noma Panther tigris bengalsis) okuwukubhalwe phansi kwe-tiger okuyi-Carnivores yomndeni, umndeni kaFeline nohlobo lwePanther. Amahlosi aseBangal ayizilwane zikazwelonke zomlando waseBengal noma iBanglandi, kanye neChina kanye neNdiya futhi zibhalwe kuRed Book.
I-Leatherback Turtle noma i-Loot
Bambalwa abantu abaziyo ukuthi ufudu (i-robot) ufende kuwo wonke amaphepha asemthethweni omnyango wezasolwandle akuRiphabhlikhi yaseFiji. Kubahlali besiqhingi esikhulu, ufudu lwasolwandle lumelela isivinini namakhono amahle kakhulu okuhamba.
I-Lion Marmosets
Indawo ekhethekile phakathi kwama-primates ihlalwa yiqembu lezinkawu ezincane - amabhubesi amabhubesi. Izinwele zabo ziyaqaqamba kube sengathi zidliwe ngothuli lwegolide. Ngeshwa, lolu hlobo lwenkawu selungenye yezindawo ezihola phambili ohlwini lwezilwane ezisengozini yokuphela.
Impisi enomuntu
ENingizimu Melika, kunesilwane esisodwa esiyingqayizivele esibizwa ngokuthi i-maned wolf (isiginci). Ngaleso sikhathi inezici zezimpisi ne-fox futhi ingezezilwane ezinamahlazo. IGuara inokubukeka okungajwayelekile: inhle, i-atypical wolf, umzimba, imilenze emide, isizalo esibukhali nezindlebe ezinkulu.
UBrownie Shark noma uGoblin Shark
Ukuntuleka kolwazi kanye nokwehluleka ukunquma kahle inani eliphelele labasakazi be-goblin njengamanje ekhona kuvunyelwe ososayensi ukunquma ngokufakwa kwabo kwi-International Red Book njengezinhlobo ezingafundile futhi ezingafundiswanga kahle.
Mayelana neNcwadi Ebomvu
Njengamanje kunzima ukuthola umuntu ongazi ukuthi iyini incwadi ebomvu. Indaba yakhe yaqala ngohlu lwezichilo zezilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa. Ikhomishini yososayensi bamazwe omhlaba abavela emazweni amaningi basebenze ekudalweni kwayo eminyakeni engama-50s yekhulu edlule. Ngokuphakamisa kwakhe, uhlu olukhulu kakhulu lwezilwane lwabizwa ngokuthi yiNcwadi Ebomvu. Olubomvu wakhethwa njengophawu lwengozi elinde izitshalo nezilwane ezingokoqobo kwesimanje.
Namuhla, incwadi ebomvu iyincwadi equkethe imininingwane ngezilwane nezitshalo ezingaziwa ezisengozini yokuqothulwa. Kanye namazwe omhlaba, kunezincwadi ezibomvu zikazwelonke nezesifunda.
KwiSoviet Union, incwadi ebomvu ekhuluma ngezilwane yakhululwa ngo-1978, uhlelo olulandelayo - ngonyaka we-1984.
Ngo-2001, kwashicilelwa incwadi ebomvu yeRussian Federation. Izilwane. " Siqophe i-Tax yezilwane ezingama-414, kufaka phakathi ama-vertebrates angama-259 nama-invertebrates ayi-155. Ngo-2008, i- “Red Book of the Russian Federation. Izitshalo ”, okubandakanya izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingama-652.
Zonke izilwane nezitshalo ezisohlwini lweNcwadi ebomvu zihlukaniswe ngezigaba, ama-oda, imindeni futhi zifakwa ohlwini ngokulandelana kwezinhlamvu zamagama, ezinamagama ezinto zezinto, incazelo emfushane, nezizathu zokufakwa ohlwini lwezilwane nezitshalo kwiNcwadi Ebomvu.
Uhlobo ngalunye lunikezwa isigaba sokutholwa, ukuhlukaniswa kwalo okwakhelwa phezu kwesisekelo sokuhlangenwe nakho komhlaba kanye nokuzijwayeza ukutadisha umhlaba wezilwane nezitshalo eRussia. Kunamaqembu ayisithupha eziqu ewonke: ukusuka esigabeni 0 (okungenzeka ukuthi wanyamalala) abe kwisigaba 4 (angaqondakali kahle) kanye no-5 (izinombolo zokubuyiselwa).
Incwadi Ebomvu iveza izilwane zaseMpumalanga Ekude, Altai, maphakathi neRussia, kanye neCaucasus. Isampula lamasampula wezitshalo nezilwane angama-1066 abhalwe kwiNcwadi ebomvu yeRussian Federation.
Sekwedlule iminyaka eyi-18 selokhu kwaqalwa ukushicilelwa kwe-CC ye-Russian Federation, kepha umphakathi awukakulindeli ukushicilelwa kwesibili kwevolumu yezilwane. Isizathu salokhu umzabalazo obukhali oqhubekayo phakathi komphakathi wezemvelo nalowo obizwa ngokuthi indawo yokuzingela. Lesi sakamuva sigcizelela ukungafakwa kwi-Red Book yaseRussia yeningi le-taxa engatholakali futhi ibaluleke kakhulu, eqondiswa izinhloso zokuhweba. Phakathi kwazo kukhona izakhamizi zasolwandle eziyi-11: ama-seals, amahlengethwa, umkhomo wokubulala nabanye.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwenziwa isiphakamiso sokususa ohlwini olubomvu Ussuri saer deer, ummeleli womndeni wezingubo zokugqoka, i-European grey. I-Steller sea lion ihlongozwa ukuba idluliselwe esigabeni esivikelekile sokuthola iziza. Incwadi yososayensi mayelana nokufakwa kweNcwadi Ebomvu yebhele laseHimalaya evela kude naseMpumalanga Ekude, enabantu abangakaqondakali kahle, ayizange icatshangwe.
Iqembu elikhulu lososayensi lithumele incwadi evulelekile kuMongameli waseRussian Federation ngesicelo sokuvikela umbono wososayensi bezilwane mayelana nosongo olukhulayo lokufa kwabameleli abangajwayelekile bezilwane zaseRussia. Ngenkathi kunezingxoxo phakathi kwezinhlangano, lapho kubusa khona ababusi, osomabhizinisi, ososayensi.
Giant fossa
Isilwane esinezilwane ezincelisayo i-Cryptoprocta spelea, okutholakale izidumbu zakhe ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, sasisikhulu kakhulu kune-Cryptoprocta ferox ehlala eMadagascar. Isilo sibukeka ikati elikhulu, sinemikhuba yebhere nemikhuba yokuzingela yama-mongoose.
Isilwane, njengefoss Madagascar yamanje, sikhuphuka izihlahla kahle, sizingela ezinye izilwane ezincane ezincelisayo, ezihuquzelayo, izinyoni, izinambuzane. Isisulu esiyinhloko saba ama-lemurs, lesi silo esabhubhisa okungaphezu kwamandla aso. Lokhu, kanye nokuhlaselwa okuhlala njalo emafutheni enkukhu asendaweni, abakhile esiqhingini abasithandanga lesi silwane, futhi basibeka phansi ekubhujisweni ngaso sonke isikhathi. Namuhla, uhlobo C spelea alusekho esiqhingini, futhi olunye uhlobo lo mndeni nalo lubhalwe eNcwadini ebomvu phakathi kwababuthaka.
I-Dodo bird (iMauritius Dodo)
Lesi silwane esithandekayo sasihlala esiqhingini esihle saseMauritius. Kuze kube namuhla, izithombe zezilwane zigcinwe kuphela ezithombeni ze-amateur. Ukuchazwa kwale nyoni kungukuthi okufakiwe kumaphephabhuku wasemanzini, ezinye izindaba zabahambi.
Ngokusho kwale mithombo, inyoni eyi-dodo yayinenqwaba yephunga elinsundu, umzimba omkhulu onemilenze ephuzi. Ekhanda elisanda kufakelwa kwakungumlomo omude oluhlaza okotshani noma ophuzi. Izidumbu ezitholakele zibonisa ukuthi izinyoni zazingamamitha elilodwa ubude futhi zazingaba nesisindo esingama-18 kg.
Ngenxa yokutholakala kokudla okukhulu nokungabikhona kwezilwane ezidla ezinye, kancane kancane inyoni yaphulukana namakhono okundiza nomuzwa wokuqapha. Amatilosi angamaDashi avele kulesi siqhingi ngekhulu le-16 abhubhisa izilwane ngenhloso yokuphinda athumele izimpahla zokudla kanye nokudla.
Bazingela izinyoni ezikhohlakala kalula nje: umuntu othile wasondela eduze kwesilwane wasihlaba ngenduku ekhanda. Le nyoni ayizamanga ngisho nokubaleka, futhi yathutha kancane futhi ngokuxhaxha.
AmaPutukezi, avakashele lesi siqhingi ngaphambili nangaphambi kwamaDashi, awanikeza igama elithi "Dodo" - elihunyushwe ngesiPutukezi ngokuthi "idiot" noma "isiphukuphuku". Ngakapheli ikhulu leminyaka, inyoni inyamalala kulesi siqhingi, futhi lapho abantu bekubona, kwakusephuze kakhulu ukuba bashintshe okuthile.
Eminyakeni engama-60s, lapho kukhunjulwa lesi silwane, idodo eliqothulwe lathathwa yiDarrell Nature Conservation Fund njengophawu nophawu.
Inkomo zikaSteller
Izinhlobo zezilwane ezingaqediwe eNcwadini ebomvu yaseRussia ngokuyinhloko ziwumfanekiso ongajwayelekile. Inkomo yasolwandle, noma inkomo ka-Steller, igama lesayensi lomhlaba wonke iHydrodamalis gigas isilwane sasolwandle esikhulu kakhulu.
Yatholwa yiqembu leBering ngonyaka we-1741. Umkhumbi womkhuzi udilikile eduze kwesiqhingi, lapho amatilosi aphoqelelwa khona ukwakha lo mkhumbi cishe izinyanga eziyishumi. Abasebenzi ababuthaka basiza inyama yesilwane esingaziwa, okwathi, ngokumangazayo, kwaba lula ukuyithola.
Izinkomo zasolwandle, njengoba amatilosi abo ayezibiza, zihamba kancane futhi zizolile, zinganaki abantu, zibhukuda eduze nolwandle, zidla ulwelwe. Babengazi ukuthi dive futhi bajule. Udokotela wokukhipha esikhunjeni uG. Steller, owayenolwazi oluthile kwizesayensi yemvelo, wayengowokuqala ukubona izilwane bese ezizichaza.
Ulinganise ubude bomzimba ngamamitha angama-7.5, futhi isisindo sowesifazane ekhishwe bekungamathani ayi-3,5. Kamuva, incazelo yabanye abantu yayiqukethe izibalo ezihlaba umxhwele kakhulu: ubude bude bufika ku-8 m, isisindo aze afike kumathani ayi-11.
Ngemuva kwezindaba zokuxhaphaka okulula, abazingeli baqala ukufika kulesi siqhingi futhi eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu kamuva izilwane zazingasekho lapha. Imiyalezo evela emihlanganweni nenkomo yasolwandle ivela ngezikhathi ezithile evela kumatilosi, kepha ayitholi isiqinisekiso. Lesi silwane kuthiwa sekuyinyama yokuqothulwa yinyunyana yamazwe omhlaba, futhi amathambo aso angabonakala eminyuziyamu eminingi emhlabeni jikelele.
Isigaba sokuqala
Izilwane ezisengozini - lesi yisimo esiyingozi kakhulu setekisi, okufanele idale ukukhathazeka emphakathini. Izilwane zingena esigabeni sokuqala, inani laso elisondele enanini eliphansi. Uma ungathathi izinyathelo ezidingekayo, inani labantu linganyamalala unomphela kule ndawo.
Ingulule yase-Asia
Lokhu kungenye yezingulule, indawo okwabiwa kuyo ngaphambili eyayiyindawo enkulu yeNdiya naseMiddle East. Waba yisisulu sabazingeli abaningi bezikhumba zakhe ezinhle. Ekuqaleni yanyamalala emazweni aseNdiya, nakwamanye amazwe ase-Middle East, ngaphandle kwe-Iran. Eminyakeni yokuqala yama-2000s, ochwepheshe babalwa ngezilwane eziyikhulu.
Ubhejane weSumatran
Enye yezinhlobo ezinhlanu zobhejane ezikhona emhlabeni. Esikhathini esedlule, umuntu owayehlala emahlathini emvula amaningi aseNingizimu Asia, wayehlangana eChina. Kuze kube manje, inani lezilwane lisinde kuphela eSumatra, esiqhingini saseBorneo, naseNhlonhlo yeMalay. Iqothulwe njengomphumela wokuzingela izimpondo ezisetshenziswa emthini wase-Chinese we-pseudo. Namuhla, inani lobhejane baseSumatran balinganiselwa kubantu abangama-200.
I-Red Wolf
Ummeleli olandelayo weMpumalanga Ekude. Futhi inamagama intaba, i-buanzu, impisi yaseHimalayan. Inobuhle obomvu obufudumele obomile obunesihlungu esibomvu. Umbala wayo nomzimba wayo kufana ne-fox, ngakho-ke bavame ukudideka abazingeli futhi badubule emihlangeni yempisi ebomvu.
Ngekhulu le-19, umhlaseli wayehlala e-Altai, e-Khabarovsk Territory; ukufuduka kwawo kwabhalwa eKazakhstan naseKyrgyzstan. Namuhla, abukho bufakazi obucacile bokuthi izimpisi zasezintabeni ziseRussia. Imiyalezo ehlukile ayikhuthazi ukuzethemba phakathi kochwepheshe. Kepha ePakistan, India, Iran naseHimalaya, lesi silo sitholakala kaningi. INcwadi ebomvu yaseRussia yamfaka eqenjini lokuqala.
Ama-Amur tiger
Isigaba esithi “Izilwane ZaseMpumalanga Ekude” sencwadi ebomvu akunangqondo ngaphandle kwe-Amur tiger (Panthera tigris). Umnikazi we-Ussuri taiga yisilwane esidume kunazo zonke futhi esihlonishwayo phakathi kwezindawo.
Muva nje, isibalo salesi silo sehlisiwe kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, izindlela zokuvikela ezithathwe yizinhlaka zombuso, ukwakhiwa kwezimo zokusinda kwaso, kufaka phakathi ukwanda kwama-artiodactyl ezindaweni zezinyosi, kwaholela ekubuyiselweni kwesibalo sabantu. Namuhla kunolwazi lokuthi isibalo salezi zilwane selusondele kubantu abangama-700. Lokhu kuzokwanela ukuba khona kwayo okujwayelekile endaweni eyabelwe.
Ulwandle ibhubesi
Ukuphendula lo mbuzo, iziphi izilwane zasendaweni yeqhwa ezibalwe kwiNcwadi Ebomvu yaseRussia, ngamunye wethu uzoqamba izindikimba ngokuyinhloko. Phakathi kwazo, umdondoshiya ovela emndenini wezimpawu zasolwandle - ibhubesi lasolwandle - ume ngobukhulu. USteller wamnika elinye igama - ibhubesi lasolwandle lasenyakatho.
Isilwane esisohlwini lweNcwadi ebomvu sabhujiswa ngentshiseko ngekhulu le-19 njengento ethengiswayo, kodwa ngekhulu elilandelayo sabuyisela inani labantu bakhona. Manje, ngokwesilinganiso esilinganiselwayo, kunabantu abacishe babe yizinkulungwane eziyi-12. Bahlala eziqhingini zaseKuril, eKamchatka, eSakhalin.
Ezinye izinhlobo
Amabhere asebusweni waseSiberia, i-Okhotsk reindeer, i-grey dolin, i-porpoise, ne-humpback whale nazo zifakiwe kwiNcwadi Ebomvu evela ezilwaneni zikaKamchatka.
Izilwane zaseNyakatho ezivela kwiBhuku elibomvu laseRussia nazo zifanekiselwa ibhere elinamakhaza, i-walrus, i-killer whale, i-bowhead ne-blue whale, i-white gull, i-narwhal noma i-unicorn.
Izinyoni zeRed Book yaseRussia, ezithole isigaba sesibili sokutholakala, ziyingwamza emnyama nengwevu epinki.
Manul
Phakathi kwalabo abasohlwini lweNcwadi ebomvu yaseRussia kukhona ikati yasendle - iPallas, igama lesibili okuy yona ikati likaPallas. Lesi silwane esidla ubhedu sihlala ezintabeni nasezindaweni eziwugwadule zase-Altai naseTransbaikal Territories, eBuryatia naseTuva. Idatha enembile ezinombolweni zayo kunzima ukuyithola ngenxa yendlela yokuzifihla.
Amahlengethwa
Ezingxenyeni ezinkulu zezwe, izilwane ezingavamile kakhulu zingamahlengethwa abhekene namhlophe. Bahlala olwandle lweBaltic nolweBarents. Izilwane ezinkulu - kufinyelela kumamitha amathathu ubude futhi zinesisindo esingama-350 kg - ziyimodeli engafundiswanga kahle, isibalo sazo okunzima ukusisungula.
Esikhundleni sesiphetho
Kunamakhasi encwadini ebomvu, ulwazi oluletha imizwelo eyakhayo. Lokhu imininingwane nge-taxa edluliselwa eqenjini lesihlanu. Lesi sigaba sisho izinhlobo ezibuyiselwe: inani labantu liyanda kancane kancane bese lisondela esimweni esejwayelekile semvelo.
Isibonelo, i-sea otter noma i-sea beaver, ehlala eNyakatho naseziqhingini zaseKuril. Waqothulwa ngokungenamusa ngenxa yoboya bakhe. Ngemuva kokuvinjelwa kokukhiqizwa kwayo, inani lalezi zilwane ezivela kwiBhuku elibomvu laseRussia likhule kakhulu futhi manje i-otter yolwandle idluliselwe eqenjini lesihlanu.
Izibonelo ezifanayo zezitshalo nezilwane ezisohlwini lweNcwadi ebomvu yaseRussia zibonisa kahle ukuthi kungani izitshalo nezilwane kudingeka zivikelwe.
Ukuvikelwa kwezilwane zaseRussia encwadini ebomvu kungumsebenzi obalulekile wombuso nomphakathi. Noma yimuphi wabo kufanele abe nethuba lokusinda kanye nemibandela yempilo ejwayelekile endalweni.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngezilwane zencwadi ebomvu angatholakala emakhasini ayo, nasemakhasini ezincwadi zesifunda. Ngakho-ke, incwadi ebomvu ye-KCR, ilandisa ngezilwane zepolitiki, izinhlobo eziyi-156 zazo ezidinga ukuvikelwa ekuqothulweni.
Izilwane ezivamile kwiNcwadi Ebomvu
Kuze kube maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, i-International Union for Conservation of Natural (IUCN) yasungula iKhomishini nge-Rare Species, eyakha uhlu lwezincazelo zezinto eziphilayo ezisengozini yokuqothulwa. Lolu hlu lubizwe ngokuthi yiRed Data Book. Incwadi yokuqala ye-IUCN Red yashicilelwa ngonyaka we-1963 futhi kusukela lapho yaqondiswa kaningi. Manje ngaphansi kwegama elijwayelekile kunezinhlu eziningana ngasikhathi sinye: ukusuka kokujwayelekile - okwamazwe omhlaba - kuya kwesifunda.
- Okomhlaba jikelele (IUCN). Njengoba sekushiwo, uhlu lokuqala lwe-IUCN Red Book lwahlanganiswa ngo-1963 futhi selokhu lwenziwa kabusha. Incwadi yamazwe omhlaba ingumbhalo wokusebenza okuqhubekayo, kepha uma noma yiziphi izinhlobo ezivela kuwo zingaba sengozini yokuqothulwa, iqabunga “elibomvu” liba “luhlaza”.
- Okwezwe Izincwadi ezibomvu ziwuhlobo “lwegatsha” lomhlaba jikelele. ERussia, ngokwesibonelo, kunohlu lwezinhlobo ezisengozini zezilwane nezitshalo ezikhona ezweni lethu. Ngokuya ngomthetho, incwadi ebomvu yaseRussia kufanele ishicilelwe okungenani kanye eminyakeni elishumi. Manje uhlu luqukethe izinhlobo ezingama-231, zazo ezingama-74 eziyizinhlobo zezilwane ezincelisayo. Ngo-2017, kuzodedelwa uhlelo olusha lwe-Red Book, kepha ngenxa yokushintsha ekwakhiweni kwekhomishini, uhlu lwamanje lwe-taxa alukavunywa.
Okubhaliwe
Ukufakwa kwamatekisi ku-Red Book of Russia kumhlinzeka ngokuvikelwa komthetho, okungukuthi, le nhlobo inqatshelwe ngokuzenzakalelayo ekuthengweni kwempahla, noma ngabe isitshalo, amakhowe, i-reptile, inyoni noma isilwane esifuywayo.
- Okwezifunda Izincwadi ezibomvu ziyi-cadastre yezinhlobo ezisengozini yokufika endaweni yezifunda ngazinye, republic, njll. Kunezincwadi ezingaphezu kuka-50 zeencwadi ezibomvu eRussia, ngokwesibonelo, incwadi ebomvu yaseKamchatka, isifunda iVoronezh, kanye neRiphabliki yaseChuvash. Vele, ikakhulukazi, uhlu lesifunda lunikezela ngemininingwane kuphela engxenyeni yendawo yokuhlala yohlobo oluthile noma olunye, kepha esimweni semininingwane singaphelela (ngokwesibonelo, iGolomyanka, iBaikal lom).
Izinhlamvu ezibhalwe ku-Red Book of Russia
Njengoba sesishilo, namuhla ohlwini lwezinhlobo ezisengozini futhi ezisengozini ezweni lethu kunezingaphezu kwama-70.
Ama-Intivtivores
Lolu hlu lubandakanya izinhlobo ezine: iDaurian hedgehog, umuskrat waseRussia, i-mohair yaseJapan, umdondoshiya omkhulu.
Amakati
Kukhona abamele abayisikhombisa bokuvela kwe-Red Book: isithwali esincane samahhashi, i-Megeli's carpente carriers, enkulu ihhashi ihhashi, ukukhanya kwamehlo ebusuku, isibhakabhaka esinemibala emithathu, isibani sakusihlwa esikhulu, ukukhanya okuvamile.
Ama-Rodents
Izinhlobo eziyisikhombisa zamagundane zisohlwini lwabantu abasengozini: i-tarbagan (iMongolia marmot), i-Baikal Black-capped marmot, i-West Siberian kanye ne-Tuvan izingosi ze-beaver zomfula, i-giant mole rat, i-Manchu kuzor, i-pied yellow.
Isimilo
KwiBhuku elibomvu laseRussia, lokhu, ngeshwa, kuluhlu olubanzi, olufaka ukubukwa kwemindeni eminingana ngasikhathi sinye:
- izinja: I-mednovsky arctic fox, impisi ebomvu,
- I-bearish: Ibhele elihlala kwiqhwa,
- cunyi: I-Transbaikal solongoy, i-Amur steppe polecat, i-Caucasian European mink, i-ligation, i-Caucasian otter, i-otter yolwandle,
- umugqa: Ikati lasehlathini laseCaucasi, umhlanga wekati, imanul, ihlosi le-Amur, ingwe yaseMpumalanga Ekude, Ingwe yase-East Asia, ingwe yeqhwa.
Izikhonkwane
Lo mndeni, ngephutha lesintu, usuvele ulahlekelwe kakhulu, futhi manje izinhlobo eziyisishiyagalolunye zaseRussia kuphela ezisondele ukuqothulwa ebusweni bomhlaba. Lokhu kufaka phakathi: ibhubesi lasolwandle, i-Atlantic ne-Laptev subspecies ye-walruse, okubhalwe phansi kwe-European and Kuril of seal evamile, okubhalwe phansi kweBaltic kanye neLadoga yensimbi enamalambu, kanye ne-Baltic ne-Atlantic subspecies ye-grey seal.
AmaCetaceans
I-cadastre eminingi kakhulu kwiBhuku elibomvu laseRussia. Lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo nezinsizakusebenza zithathwa njengezisengcupheni: Ama-Atlantic amhlophe-emaceleni, amachopho amhlophe qwa kanye nampunga, ama-dolphin aseNyakatho, i-North Atlantic, iNyakatho yePacific kanye neBlack Sea, izihlahlana ezincane zokubulala, i-narwhal, ibhodlela elinezintambo eziphakeme, umkhomo waseJapan, umkhomo ompunga nabanye.
Ungaling
Amahhashi ne-kulan kaPrzhevalsky kubhalwe kuNcwadi Ebomvu.
I-Artiodactyls
Lolu hlu luqukethe izinhlobo eziyi-11 kanye nezinhlobo zezilwane ezilandelwayo: ISakhalin musk deer, Ussuri of deer, Novaya Zemlya kanye nama-subspecies amahlathi we-reindeer, dzeren, inyathi, i-Amur goral, imbuzi ye-bezoar, i-Altai Mountain ram, i-Yakut ne-Putoran subspecies yenqama.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, uhlu lwezinhlobo ezikleliswe eNcwadini ebomvu lukhulu kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, ezinye izinhlobo zingaphansi kokuvikelwa okukhethekile. Sizokhuluma ngabo nangezindlela zokonga ezithathwe ngezansi.
Ukuvikelwa kwezinhlobo zezilwane ezingandile nezisengozini
Enye yezinhlangano ezinkulu nezidume kakhulu emhlabeni yi-WWF (WWF). Isikhwama asishiyi ngaphandle kokubheka inkinga yezilwane ezisengozini yokuphela eRussia. Manje amaphrojekthi amaningana aseqaliswa ngasikhathi sinye.
Ama-Amur tiger
Umhlaseli obulalayo wayengenamandla ngaphambi kokuhlaselwa kwempucuko yabantu. Ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, isimo saba sibucayi, inani lehlosi lalilincane ngokuchichima ikakhulukazi ngenxa yephutha labazingeli. Ngonyaka we-2005, ngokubamba iqhaza kwe-WWF, kungenzeka ukwandisa inani lamahlosi liye kubantu abangama-450, kwathi ngemuva kweminyaka eyishumi inani lafinyelela kuma-540. Ngasikhathi sinye, kwathathwa izinyathelo zokwandisa izindawo ezivikelwe endaweni yezinyosi, futhi namuhla cishe zingama-25% 'zomhlaba amahlosi' ezokuphepha. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akwanele: ukukhula okuncane kuvame kakhulu ukuphoqelelwa ukuba kufune insiza “yayo” ezindaweni ezingavikelekile ze-taiga, imingcele yayo, ngasendleleni, encishiswa ngenxa yokugawulwa kwamahlathi.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wokuvikela ihlosi le-Amur ukuhlinzeka inani labantu ngensimu ephephile eyanele, kanye nokudla.
Reindeer
Inani lalesi silwane, okuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu emvelweni, lincipha ngokushesha: uma ngabe eminyakeni engama-50 edlule inani labantu lalicishe libe yi-1,500,000, manje akukafiki ku-1 000. 000. Ukuzingela, ukuzingela okungalawulwa, ukunciphisa umhlaba wamadlelo - konke lokhu kusongela izinhlobo futhi kungaholela kuso esimweni esibucayi.
I-WWF, kanye nezinsizakalo zesifunda, bahlasela njalo abazingeli futhi basebenzela ukuqwashisa abantu bendawo.
I-Atlantic walrus
Ukuncishiswa kokumbozwa kweqhwa e-Arctic kanye "nokukhubekisayo" okuhlala njalo eshalofini le-Arctic lezinkampani zikawoyela sekuba yinhlekelele yangempela yama-walruse. Ngenxa yezenzo ezisebenzayo zeWWF kule minyaka eyisishiyagalombili eyedlule, kungenzeka ukuthi ufunde kabanzi ngobuningi babantu nendlela yabo yokuphila.
Ukuze kudonswe ukunaka kwabantu abaningi ngangokunokwenzeka ezinkingeni zokutadisha nokulondolozwa okubukekayo, ngo-2007 iWWF yasungula iholide lomhlaba jikelele - Usuku lweWalrus.
Ibhele elihlala kwiqhwa
Lolu hlobo alufakwa ku-Red Book yaseRussia kuphela, kodwa futhi nokurejista kwezinhlobo ezisengcupheni ye-IUCN. Kodwa-ke, abazingeli, ukungcola kanye nokushisa komhlaba kusaqhubeka nokunciphisa inani labantu aselivele lincane.
I-WWF ibambe iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwe- “Isu Lokulondolozwa Kwe-Polar Bear eRussia Federation”, futhi iminyaka eminingana iSikhwama besisebenzisa uhlelo lweBear Patrol, okuhloswe ngalo ukuvimbela ukungaboni ngaso linye phakathi kwebhere nomuntu ongumuntu. Ngokuxhaswa kwe-WWF, kuphuma izinkambo zokuqopha nokubheka amabhere emvelo ahlukahlukene.
I-Central Asia Leopard
Isisulu esisohlwini lweNcwadi ebomvu yaseRussia siyisihambi esivame ukwedlula zonke endaweni yaseNyakatho Caucasus. Lokhu kuphinde kubangelwe yithonya lomuntu: ukuqothulwa kwezinkumbi eziningi zaqala ngekhulu le-19, kwathi ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20 ingwe yanyamalala ngokuphelele esifundeni seCaucasus yaseRussia.
Ngo-2006, kwethulwa uhlelo oluthi “Uhlelo lokuvuselelwa (ukwenziwa kabusha) kwengwe eyi-Near-Asia eCaucasus, olwakhiwa uMnyango Wezemithombo Yezemvelo WaseRussia ngokubambisana neWWF kanye neRussia Academy of Science. Ngo-2016, abantu abathathu bokuqala badedelwa endle bevela enkulisa. Ngo-2018, ezinye izihlobo ezintathu zabajoyina. Ziqashwa njalo.
Ukuphela kwenkunzi yasendle eYurophu esekhona kuze kube namuhla. Ngenxa yeminyaka eminingi yemizamo, isibalo sezinyathi esivele saphela manje sinethuba lokusindiswa. Ukuphela kwekhulu lama-20 kucishe kwacekela phansi izinkunzi zasendle zaseYurophu, ukudubula okungalawulwa kwamiswa kuphela ngonyaka we-2000.
Isu lokuqala "I-Bison Conservation Strategy" eRussia ", elilungiselelwe ngokubamba iqhaza kwe-WWF, lavunywa nguMnyango Wezemithombo Yezemvelo waseRussia Federation ngonyaka we-2002. Njengamanje, uhlelo lwesibili lwe-Isu selwenziwe.
I-WWF Russia isekele ukwakhiwa kwesibalo sabantu engxenyeni yezwe yaseYurophu. Namuhla, ezingaphezu kuka-500 ama-bison angenasawoti agqiwe ngokukhululekile lapha. I-WWF-Russia manje ibuyisa inani lamanyathi eNyakatho neCaucasus: kunamaqembu amabili angenamakhandlela ahlala mahhala esifundeni, anabantu abangaphezu kwekhulu.
Isithwathwa seqhwa
Mhlawumbe umhlaseli ongaqondakali kakhulu emhlabeni - ingwe yeqhwa - ayisona nje isilwane esihle, kodwa futhi nesilwane esingajwayelekile kakhulu. Emazweni indawo yakhe ebhekwa njengendawo yokuhlala yengwe yeqhwa, ifakwa kuhlu lwezincwadi ezibomvu. Akunabantu abangaphezu kuka-4,000 abasele emhlabeni wonke. Isibalo seqhwa eqhweni eRussia singama-1-2% kuphela omhlaba wabantu bezinhlobo. Ngokusho kokuqagelwa kwe-WWF, engxenyeni yaseRussia i-Altai-Sayan ecoregion kunabantu abacishe babe ngu-70-90 ingwe
Ngo-2002, ekuqaleni kwe-WWF Russia, kwahlelwa “Isu Lokulondolozwa Kweqhwa eRussia”, kwavunywa nguMnyango Wezemvelo WaseRussia Federation. Uhlobo olushaqiwe lwe- "Isu" livunyelwe ngonyaka we-2014.
Isikhwama Sezilwane Zasendle, kanye nezinye izinhlangano, sizama ukuqeda ukuzingela endaweni yokuhlala kwengwe iqhwa futhi sakha nezinhlelo zokubamba abazingeli bangaphambili emisebenzini yokulondolozwa kwezinhlobo. Umsebenzi futhi uyaqhubeka nokulawula imfuyo yezilwane zasendle ezingalulanga, okuwukudla okuphambili kwengwe.
Izilwane zasendle ziluchungechunge olulodwa, ngakho-ke ukulahleka kwesixhumanisi ngeke kuthinte kuphela amandla wethambo lonke. Ukuqothulwa kwanoma yiziphi izinhlobo kubandakanya imiphumela ethinta imvelo. Ukuze silondoloze ibhalansi elintekenteke, esivele inyakazisiwe yithonya lomuntu, kufanele silwele ukuvikela imvelo ngokujwayelekile kanye nokulondolozwa kwezinhlobo ezisengozini zezilwane nezitshalo ikakhulu.
Ungazisiza kanjani izinhlobo zezilwane ezingavamile ezibalwe ku-Red Book?
Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukusiza ekusakazeni ulwazi ngalesi simo nezinyathelo ezidinga ukuthathwa. Okwesibili, ungajoyina amavolontiya. Okwesithathu, yenza umnikelo esikhwameni.
I-WWF ikhona ikakhulu kwiminikelo yokuzithandela enikezwe izidingo eziphuthumayo nezamanje. Izilwane zidinga imishanguzo, imigomo, ochwepheshe badinga izicupho zekhamera, futhi amaqembu alwa nokuzingela adinga imishini. Noma umnikelo omncane kakhulu usiza ekubuyiseleni ingxenye yezindleko, futhi iminikelo ethathwe ndawonye ihumushela kumanani abalulekile. Ngasikhathi sinye, awukwazi nje ukunikela ngemali, kepha uthenge izikhumbuzo ezinhle nezipho zezihlobo: ama-thermoses, namasongo namathoyizi anezimpawu zesikhwama. Ngenxa yosizo lwezinkulungwane zabantu, i-WWF inethuba lokuvikela imvelo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku, ngazo zonke izinsuku zeviki nezinkathi zonyaka.
Inqama yeqhwa
Isilwane sihlala eNtshonalanga Siberia, eChukotka naseKamchatka. Akhuphuka ngokuphelele emadwaleni nasezintabeni, okusebenza njengesivikelo kwabazingeli. Izitha zemvelo ziyi-wolverine ne-wolf. Izimpondo ezikhulu zibhekwa njengendondo yokuzingela, yingakho isibalo sezinhlobo sehle kakhulu. Namuhla, izimvu ezishunqiwe zitholakala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezivikelwe.
Narwhal
Isilwane esinyanyisayo esivela ku-cetaceans ehlala e-Arctic Ocean. Ungqimba olunamafutha lusindisa ekubandakanyeni kobandayo. Besebenzisa isikhumba, benza izimbobo zokuphefumula eqhweni. Umthombo oyinhloko wokudla okunempilo ama-mollusks nama-crustaceans, kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezingaphansi. Inombolo ngqo ayaziwa. Izici ezinciphisa inani labantu ukungcoliswa kolwandle, ukuzingela, ukubikezela.
I-Harbour seal
Isilwane sihlala kuzo zonke izilwane zasolwandle eziseduze ne-Arctic Ocean. Izindawo eziyizintandokazi zingama-bays kanye nogu oluvikelwe umoya. Ama-killer whales namabhere wasemakhwapheni ayizitha zemvelo zezimpawu. Isibalo sezimpawu zamanzi ziyancipha ngenxa yokuzingela, ukungcoliswa kolwandle, kanye nokwenza kwabantu okunamandla endaweni egu.
Isigaxa esimnyama
Le nhlobo engandile ihlala eSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude. Izinyoni zidla futhi zidla ngamaxhaphozi, ezintabeni nasezintabeni ezihlala emahlathini. Umthombo wezondli ngamajikijolo, izimpande, izitshalo.Ukudonswa kwenqwaba yabantu kuthinteka ngokudonsa amanzi amaxhaphozi, ukungcoliswa kwamanzi, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kanye nokusetshenziswa kokubulala izinambuzane emisebenzini yezomnotho.
Sterkh
Isilwane esisemaphethelweni sihlala eningizimu yeSiberia eseNtshonalanga kuphela. Le nyoni ithanda ukuhlela izidleke kumaxhaphozi angama-taiga. Ukudla kuyizitshalo, ama-crustaceans, namagundane. Ukwehla kwesibalo kwabantu kuhlotshaniswa nokushiswa kwezidumbu zamanzi nokungcoliswa kwazo kwemvelo eRussia.
Isithiyo se-Steppe
Le nyoni ihlala eMpumalanga Yurophu naseCentral Asia. Isifebe se-Steppe senza izidleke khona emhlabathini, phakathi kwamakhasi ezihlahla. Udla ngamagundane, ezihuquzelayo nezinyoni ezincane. Inani labantu seliseduze kokuqothuka ngenxa yokuncipha kokuphakelwa kokudla.
I-seagull emhlophe
Izinyoni zidla ogwini lolwandle lwe-Arctic Ocean. Isici esinqumayo empilweni yezinyoni ukutholakala kokuphakelwa kokudla. I-seagull idla ama-crustaceans nezinhlanzi. Ososayensi abanaso isivumelwano ekunciphiseni kwenani lezinhlobo. Kucatshangelwa ukuthi ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, ukuzingela kanye nokushisa komhlaba kuthinta abantu.
Isigaxa esenziwe ngomnyama
Uhla lwale nyoni efudukayo yi-Alaska, iNorway, iFinland, iNyakatho Melika kanye nenyakatho yeRussia. Izidleke zohlobo lwe-Loon ezindaweni zasema-tundra nasemachibini amachibi. Isizathu esikhulu sokwehla kwesibalo sabantu kanye nokufudukela enyakatho wukukhula okwandayo kwezivakashi nokudoba kwabantu ezindaweni ezisogwini. I-Waterfowl iwela emanethini wabadobi futhi ifele kuyo. Izinyoni ezikhathazekile azibuyeli ezidlekeni zazo isikhathi eside. Amaqanda ama-Loon nawo angumthombo wokudla wezilwane ezidla ezinye.
Izilwane ezihuquzelayo
Isigaba sezilwane ezihuquzelayo eRussia sifanekiselwa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-70, zazo ezingaba ngu-2o zibhalwe kwiNcwadi ebomvu. Zitholakala ikakhulu emahlathini nasezigodini zezidumbu zamanzi. Izici ezinkulu ezingezinhle zezilwane ezihuquzelayo ukudalwa kwezindawo zokugcina, ukubhujiswa kwendawo yogu nokugawulwa kwamahlathi. Ukukhula kwesibalo sezilwane izilwane ezihuquzelayo okusebenza kuzo njengendawo yokudla nakho kuholela ekwehlisweni okusongela kwamanani abo.
I-Far Eastern Skink
Le ndawo isesiqhingini saseKuril saseKunashir. Isibungu sitholakala ngasogwini lwemifula, emaphethelweni amahlathi. I-Skink ijwayele ukusebenzisa izimbobo zabanye abantu, uma kwenzeka ihlaselwa ingasuka isitha. Isizathu sokwehla kwesibalo sabantu yimisebenzi yezomnotho yesintu kanye nokubikezelwa kwangaphambili kwe-mink yaseYurophu.
I -fishfish ejwayelekile
Uhlobo lwenyoka olusengozini luhlala eningizimu yeNtshonalanga yeSiberia kanye neCaucasus. ICopperfish itholakala emaphethelweni elanga elifudunyeziwe libuyiselwe kanye naphansi. Ufihla izitha emiseleni yezinye izilwane. Isisekelo sokuphakelwa yizimbungulu, amachwane nezinyoka. Isici esinqunyelwe kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwemithi yokubulala izinambuzane. Abantu bavame ukubulala lezi zinyoka ezingandile, bekholelwa ukuthi zinobuthi.
IGyurza
Inyoka le itholakala eCaucasus. Ubuthi bayo buqothula ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi, ngakho-ke isilwane siyabulala. IGyurza idla izinduku, izibankwa nezinyoka. Umuntu uthinteka kakhulu ukwehla kwesibalo sabantu. Uqothula izinyoka ngenxa yesikhumba, esinenani lokuhlobisa. Izitha zemvelo ziyizinyoni ezidla inyama.
Ama-Amphibians
Iqembu elincane kunazo zonke lezidleke zamehlo ezweni, ezinabalelwa ezinkulungwaneni ezingama-30. Indima yama-amphibians kunzima ukuyidla ngokweqile: zidla izinambuzane, eziyizinambuzane noma abathwali bezifo ezahlukahlukene. Cishe ingxenye yesithathu yezinhlobo zama-amphibians eRussia isesimweni esisengozini, futhi ibhalwe kwi-Red Book.
UTriton Karelina
Isilwane sihlala eKrasnodar Territory, Dagestan nase-Adygea. Indawo oyithandayo yindawo enamahlathi ama-oki, iziqongo zezintaba nezindawo ezikhule ngokweqile zezidumbu zamanzi. Ukwehla kwezinombolo kuhlobene ngqo nokudonswa kwezidumbu zamanzi. Namuhla, izinhlobo zihlala ezindaweni zaseKrasnodar reservation.
Reed toad
Isilwane sihlala endaweni kaKarelia. I-juba yomhlanga ihlala emaphethelweni amahlathi, amadlelo nezixhaphozi. Njengomphumela wentuthuko yezindawo ezintsha zomsebenzi wezomnotho, umuntu wabhubhisa inani elikhulu labantu base-amphibians. Ngenhlanhla, izinhlobo zizala kahle ekuthunjweni.
Ussuri ushaye i-newt
Le newt ihlala eMpumalanga Ekude. Uhlala emifuleni ebandayo nasemithambekeni yemifula. Umthunzi uyisidingo sokuba khona. Ama-Amphibians azwela kakhulu ekushintsheni kwe-anthropogenic ezindaweni zawo. Njengamanje, i-Ussuri eshaye i-newt itholakala ezindaweni ezihlala kude zase-Far.
Inani lezinhlanzi lehle kakhulu engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-XX. Isizathu kwakuyizinto ezinjengokubanjwa okungalawulwa, ukwakhiwa kwamadamu, ukufakwa kwamapulangwe, ukumayini kwezinto zokwakha, ukuthunyelwa kanye nokungcoliswa kwezidumbu zamanzi ngodoti wezezimboni. Iningi labantu lezinhlanzi ezibalulekile zezentengiso eRussia liyehla kakhulu.
I-Atlantic sturgeon
Indawo lapho kungamanzi olwandle iBaltic and Black Seas, ihlanza ugu lwaseRussia. Inhlanzi idla i-hamsa ne-herring. Isici esikhulu esingesihle sezinhlobo ukubanjiswa kwesisindo. Inani labantu lehlile ngenxa yokungcoliswa kwezidumbu zamanzi nokwakhiwa kwe-hydro.
I-trout emnyama
Izinhlanzi zihlala eCaspian, eBarents, eMnyama naseBaltic Seas. I-Trout ithanda ukusakaza okubandayo okusheshayo. Izinhlanzi zizwela kakhulu ngekhwalithi yamanzi futhi lokhu kuyisici esiyinhloko sokunciphisa. Isakhamuzi siphinde sathinteka ekubanjweni okukhulu.
Isi-Chinese perch
E-Russia, le nhlanzi ihlala ezindaweni eziphansi zemifula ye-Amur ne-Ussuri. Umhlaseli uhlala eziteshini zezidumbu zamanzi. Umthombo wokudla izinhlanzi ezincane ezingezona ezentengiso. Izizathu ezinkulu zokwehla kwenani labantu ukubanjwa okukhulu ngesikhathi sokuqhuma kweChina. Izilwane eziningi ezincane ziyafa ngenxa yokuntuleka komsoco. Ukungcoliswa kwezidumbu zamanzi ngenxa yemisebenzi yabantu nakho kube nomthelela omkhulu kubantu be-perch aux.
Izinambuzane
Isinambuzane iqembu elikhulu kunazo zonke lezilwane Emhlabeni. Isayensi yazi izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwesigidi zezinambuzane, futhi mhlawumbe ezinye izinhlobo eziyisigidi ezimbalwa zilindele amaphayona. Iningi labantu linesimo esingesihle ngezinambuzane, ngoba ziluma, zonakalisa izilimo futhi zisakaze nezifo. Kodwa-ke, lezi zidalwa ziyizixhumanisi ezibalulekile kulayini wokudla. Amashumi ezinkulungwane zezinhlobo zezinambuzane zihlala eRussia, lapho ezingaba yikhulu kuphela ezisohlwini lweNcwadi Ebomvu.
Ubhedu olubushelelezi
Lesi sinambuzane sihlala enkabeni yeRussia. Izinhlobo zethusi futhi zihlala emahlathini amadala ama-coniferous-deciduous. Izibungu ezinamaqabunga ezigxotsheni ezibolile. Amabhungane ngokwawo adla ubisi lwezihlahla. Ukwehla kwesibalo kwabantu kuthinteka ekufeni kwezihlahla ezindala, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, imililo kanye nokungcoliswa kwezimboni.
Imbangela ejwayelekile yokuqothulwa kwezilwane eRussia nasemhlabeni wonke wumsebenzi womuntu. Ukuzingela okungalawulwa, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukungcoliswa kwezilwandle, ukufudumala komhlaba - konke lokhu kusongela izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane. Ngenxa yokwehla okukhulu kwesibalo sezilwane, indlela ezenziwa ngayo abantu kanye nokulingana kwendawo yonke iyaphazamiseka.