AmaMagoth, noma izinkawu ezi-barbarian, zihlala emathafeni asezintabeni zaseTunisia, Algeria kanye neMorocco, kufinyelela kumamitha angama-2 000 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Inani elihlukile lalezi zinkawu lihlala emadwaleni aseGibraltar. Ezintabeni, imilingo imvamisa ihlala ezimfundeni, emahlathini omsedari, spruce kanye nasehlathini se-oki. Izinkawu zaseMagota yizilwane zomphakathi. Zigcinwa emihlanjini engapheli, ezinabantu abayi-10-30. Kunokuholwa okucacile phakathi kwabesilisa abadala. Ukuze kuncishiswe ulaka, abesilisa basebenzisa amawundlu. Uma owesilisa oyedwa efuna ukusondela kwenye, uthatha iwundlu kowesifazane, abesilisa ababili basesha ijazi lakhe. Ingxenye yeqembu elilodwa inwebeka ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha skwele ambalwa. Izindawo zezhlambi eziningi zingahlangana ngokweqile. AmaMagoth achitha ubusuku ematsheni ezihlahla noma phakathi kwamadwala. Ntambama, bahamba kancane endaweni yabo beyofuna ukudla. Kaningi kunezinye izinkawu, amagagasi aqubuka emilenzeni emine, futhi akhuphukela emilenzeni yazo yangemuva kuphela lapho efuna ukuhlola konke okukuzungezile.
Ukusikisela
Njengabaningi bokuqala, abantu bobulili obuhlukile bakhethwa ngamalungelo afanayo. Owesilisa usiza owesimame ukunakekela inzalo. Lokhu kusiza ukuqinisa ubudlelwano phakathi kwabesilisa nabazukulwana babo nabesilisa abesilisa bebonke, okungabhekwa kwamanye ama-macaque. Emhlambini lapho owesilisa oyedwa abesilisa nabesilisa abaningi, akulula ukuthola ukuthi ungubani ngempela ubaba wengane. Amadoda amadala aqala ukunakekela amazinyane ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuzalwa kwawo. Baziphatha izingalo zabo, bavikeleke emakhazeni, banakekele uboya babo futhi badlale nazo. Imvamisa, zinika izingane izinsikazi kuphela uma izingane zilambile. Lapho ubaba ekhombisa abesilisa eqeleni emhlambini, baqala ukusesha futhi bakhiphe ijazi lengane. Amawundlu kaMagogo apendwe ngokuhlukile kunezinkawu ezindala - anoboya obumnyama nobuso obuhle. Kuphela ngesikhathi sokuthomba, eneminyaka engu-4-5 ubudala, izimpethu zithola umbala obomvu-womnqumo.
I-MAGOT NO-MAN
Ngaphandle kwe-Afrika, eGibraltar, kunekoloni elilodwa labathakathi. Mhlawumbe lezi yizinsalela zabantu ukuthi ngesikhathi se-Quaternary kuhlala indawo cishe yaseYurophu, noma izizukulwane zezinkawu ezalethwa eYurophu zivela eNyakatho Afrika. Indaba yezangoma zaseGiblthar iyathakazelisa kakhulu. Kusukela ngo-1704, iGibraltar ibilokhu ibuswa yiGreat Britain. Kusukela ngo-1855, amaHybolthar Magoths anikezwa ngaphansi kwesisekelo seNavy yaleli lizwe. Isikhulu esimiswe ngokukhethekile sibheka impilo yabo. Izinkawu azivikelekile nje kuphela, kodwa futhi ziphathwa futhi zidliwe. Ngo-1858, ikoloni lezinkawu labanjwa umqedazwe, izisulu zazo cishe zonke izilwane. Abantu abathathu kuphela abasindisiwe. Umbusi waseGibraltar wayala ukuba kwethulwe izinkawu ezintsha ezivela e-Afrika. Sekungokwesibili, inani labantu baseMagot eGibraltar liphinde labakhona ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe II ngosizo lwamaMagot ahlala e-Afrika.
UKUFINYELELA KULWAZI. UNYAZI LOKHO.
- Ngo-1763, uClive von Schlieffen waletha umhlambi wezinyanya ovela e-Afrika waya naye efeni lakhe i-Wildhausen wazibeka ezindlini ezinkulu zezindiza. Izilwane zahlala lapho iminyaka engama-20, okwathi emva kwalokho enye yazo yalunywa yinja enamarabi. Ukuvimbela ukusakazeka kwamarabi, kwakudingeka ukubhubhisa wonke umhlambi. Ukubala kwakudabukisa kakhulu, njengoba wayeselahlekelwe yizintandokazi zakhe, ngakho-ke, njengophawu lokudabuka okukhulu, wayala ukuba kubekwe itshe lethuna ethuneni lezinkawu ezingama-60.
- E-Giblartar, izimpethu zivikelekile, futhi izinamba zazo ziyabuyiselwa ngenxa yabantu abavela e-Afrika.
IZIPHUMA ZESIFUNDO SE-MAGOT. ISIHLOKO
Ukuziphatha komphakathi: Lo ngumhlambi ojwayelekile wama-macaques. AmaMagotas agcinwa emihlambini yezilwane eziyi-10-30, anothando olukhulu futhi anobungane komunye nomunye. Abesilisa abaningi basiza ekukhuliseni umama osemncane.
I-Torso: uqine, umkhulu. Umsila ulahlekile.
Ikhanda: kuyindilinga. Intamo nekhala kufushane.
Uboya: obomvu-olive, onqabile esiswini.
Imilenze yezandla: mfushane kunangaphambili. UMagot ugijima ngemilenze emine. Ikhuphukela emilenzeni yangemuva kuphela ukubheka ngapha nangapha.
- Indawo yokuhlala Magot
LAPHO UKUPHILA
Izinkawu zamaBarbara, noma imidlwane, zihlala eTunisia, Moromania nase-Algeria. Zitholakala naseGibraltar.
ISIVIVINYO
Njengamanje, inani labantu baseMagot selingaba yizilwane ezingama-23,000. Isibalo somilingo sihlala sincipha njalo ngenxa yokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo abahlala kuzo.
Umvundla
IMagot ingenye yezinhlobo zezinkawu ezingowomndeni wezinkawu, uhlobo lwe-macaque. Le ukuphela kwe-macaque engahlali e-Asia, kepha isatshalaliswa eziNtabeni ze-Atlas eMorocco nase-Algeria, kanye nasemapaki ezwe laseLibya esifundeni saseGibraltar. E-Yurobhu, izimpethu yizo kuphela izinhlobo zama-primates, ngaphandle komuntu.
Incazelo yeMagot
Amagagasi amadala akhulu ngosayizi kunabesifazane. Imizimba yabo ngobude ingamasentimitha angama-72, isisindo esilingana ne-15 kg. Ubude bomzimba bezinsikazi bucishe bube yi-56 cm, futhi isisindo esilinganayo asidluli i-10 kg. Isizalo sezinkawu simnyama pink. Imilenze yangaphambili yinde kunezinyawo ezingemuva. Umsila uyimbudane, ubude bawo buyi-4-20 mm. Ijazi lidotshwa ngemibala ehlukahlukene kusuka kumpunga kuya kwesikhumba. I-tint ebomvu encane ingahle ibe khona.
Izici zokudla komsoco
Izimbaza zidla ezitshalweni nasezinambuzaneni. Ngokuqondene nezitshalo, lesi silwane sidla izimbali, izithelo, imbewu, amaqabunga, amagxolo, iziqu, izimpande, ama-bulbs. Ukudla kwezilwane kufaka izibungu, iminenke, izicabucabu, okofezela, amabhungane, izimvemvane, izintuthwane, amabhu. Ukudla amagxolo ezihlahleni, izimpethu zihlala zilimaza kakhulu.
Ukusakazeka kweMagoth
IMagoths ihlala ezintabeni zase-Atlas (eMorocco, Algeria naseTunisia), kanti ikoloni elihlukile lihlala edwaleni laseGibraltar. Ezintabeni, lolu hlobo lwezinhlobonhlobo lusatshalaliswa endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-2300 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, futhi luyakwazi ukubekezelela iqhwa liye ku -10 ° C.
Impilo yonke, abomlingo ikakhulukazi bakhetha amahlathi kaphayini, omsedari ne-oki, lapho bengathola khona izithelo, izimpande ezidliwayo, okusanhlamvu, amaqabunga, amahlumela, imbewu yeConifers nezinambuzane ukudla.
Ukuziphatha okuhle kwe-Magot
IMagot, noma inkawu eyisiga, ihlala emathafeni nasezintabeni endaweni eyiTunisia, Algeria ne-Moroco, ezindaweni eziphakeme cishe ngamamitha ayi-2 000 ngaphezu kolwandle. Inani elihlukile lihlala endaweni enamadwala yaseGibraltar. Ezintabeni, abomlingo bakhetha izimbali zokuphila, noma umsedari okhephukile, okhula ngesihlahla sethiliya nangamahlathi e-oki.
Amagagasi ayizilwane zomphakathi. Bakha imihlambi yezinkomo ezingapheli, ezibalelwa kubantu abayishumi kuya kwabayikhulu, abesilisa nabesilisa. Iqembu elilodwa lama-magotas livame ukuba nezakhiwo zamakhilomitha-skwele amaningana, kepha iziza zomakhelwane zingadlula. Phakathi kwabesilisa abadala, ubukhosi obuchazwe ngokucacile buyabonakala kubo. Abesilisa banciphisa ulaka komunye nomunye besebenzisa inzalo yabo. Lapho owesilisa othile efuna ukusondela komunye, uthatha iwundlu, bese bobabili abesilisa baqala ukusesha uboya babo ndawonye. Okusemqoka kula maqembu abesifazane. Yibo abazikhethela owesilisa, bagxile kakhulu kulabo matasa ngamawundlu futhi bakhombisa izimfanelo ezinhle zobuzali. Abesilisa, ngendlela, bazibandakanye ngokuzithandela ekukhuliseni inzalo yabafokazi, imvamisa bephethe "isilwanyana" esikhethiwe phakathi kwama-macaque amancane. Bazihlanza, zijabulisa futhi zikhombisa omunye nomunye.
Ebusuku, imilingo iphumula phakathi kwamagatsha ezihlahla noma emadwaleni. Emini, ama-macaque ahamba kancane endaweni yawo eyofuna ukudla. Zivame ukuhamba emilenzeni emine, bese zikhuphuka imilenze yazo yangemuva kuphela ukubheka kahle nxazonke.
Ukuzalanisa kwama-Magot
Ngenkathi yokuzalela, izinsikazi zikhetha abesilisa, futhi lezo zibasiza ukuba banakekele inzalo. Lokhu kuqinisa ubudlelwano phakathi kwabesilisa namawundlu abo, namanye amadoda amadala, okuyisisekelo esingajwayelekile kuma-macaques. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinsikazi zishada ngokushesha nabesilisa abaningi, futhi kungaba nzima ukuthola ubunikazi bazo ngqo.
Isikhathi sokuzala samaMagot siqala ngoNovemba futhi siqhubeka kuze kube uMashi. Ukukhulelwa kuyaqhubeka izinyanga eziyisithupha, kuthi emva kwalokho kuzalwe umntwana oyedwa. Amawele awavamile kakhulu. Ukuncelisa ubisi kuthatha unyaka.
Abesilisa abadala banakekela inzalo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuzalwa kwakhe. Baphethe izingane ezingalweni zabo, bavikeleke emakhazeni, banakekele uboya futhi bachitha isikhathi emidlalweni. Kwabesifazane, njengomthetho, amawundlu anikezwa kuphela ukondla. Obaba bakhombisa enye nenye inzalo yabo futhi banakekela uboya bezingane bendawonye. Izimpethu ezincane zinomlingiswa wombala ohlukile, zinebhantshi elimnyama nobuso obuhle. Imilingo emincane ifinyelela ebusheni lapho ineminyaka engu-3-4 ubudala, futhi kungalesi sikhathi lapho baba umbala onemibala ebomvu.
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, isilinganiso sokuphila semilingo siyiminyaka engama-22. Kwabesifazane, kungahlala iminyaka engama-30, kepha abesilisa bavame ukuhlala okuncane futhi kungabi ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-25.
Izitha zemvelo zikaMagoti
Ezintabeni zase-Afrika, inani lezimpethu liningi kakhulu, kepha eGibraltar yasongelwa ngokuqothulwa maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Bese kuba nezilwane zasendle ezingaba yishumi nambili, kodwa kwathathwa izinyathelo zokuzilonda, zakha izindawo zokuvikela ezikhethekile futhi isimo saqala saba ngcono.
Ukuhweba okungekho emthethweni, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi nokuncishiswa kwendawo yazo yemvelo kubathinta kabi abantu bemilingo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abalimi bendawo babaphatha njengezinambuzane, ngakho-ke baziqothula.
Manje enyakatho ye-Afrika, cishe bangu-15,000 omlingo abahlala. Kusele cishe izinkawu ezingama-230 eGibraltar.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana nemagot:
- AmaMagots aboniswa emalini yohlobo lwe-5 pence Gibraltar. Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwalesi sithombe kunesithombe seNdlovukazi u-Elizabeth II.
- Kukhona inganekwane eGibraltar yokuthi ngenkathi okungenani eyodwa imantshi isale emadwaleni, idolobha lizoba iBrithani. Ngalesi sizathu, kusukela ngekhulu le-19, izimpethu zeHybolthar bebelokhu zingaphansi kohlelo lweBritish Navy. Izakhamizi zase-UK zithi le nkolelo: "Sizovikela izinkawu kuze kufike umNgisi wokugcina." Futhi phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili, lapho inani labantu lehliselwa kubantu abangu-7, uNdunankulu waseGreat Britain, Churchill, wayala ukuthi baphinde baliqede inani labo ngezimpethu zehlathi ezivela eMorocco nase-Algeria. Kunombono futhi wokuthi njengoba iStrait of Gibraltar ibanga elingamakhilomitha ayi-14 kuphela lapho isendaweni emincane kakhulu, la ma-primates angabuya nawo asuka e-Afrika abuyele eMorobha ngendlela engaphansi komhlaba eqala eShafini likaSt. Michael. Le nganekwane, ngendlela, futhi ichaza ukuvela kwama-macaque kula mazwe jikelele.
Habitat
Imagogo, inkawu yeBarbari, iBarbary noma iMaghreb macaque (I-Macaca sylvanus) - wonke lawa ngamagama ahlukahlukene owukuphela koqobo eYurophu. Ama-macaque ama-Barbary ajwayelekile eziNtabeni ze-Atlas esifundeni saseMorocco, Algeria neTunisia, kanye nasodweni lweGibraltar. Izinsalela zeMagoths zitholakala ezingxenyeni ezihlukile zeYurophu, futhi ososayensi baphakamisa ukuthi ama-macaque we-Gibraltari yiwo okusele kwabantu bokuqala baseYurophu. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi ama-macaque aseBarbary ake alethwa eGibraltar ngabaseFenike noma amaRoma.
Ukubukeka
Ubude bomzimba walezi zinkawu bufika ku-75-80 cm, isisindo - ukusuka ku-13 kuye ku-15 kg. Izimbambo zazo zinde futhi zincane, kepha ngasikhathi sinye ziqinile futhi zixakile - akumangazi ukuthi omlingo benyuka izihlahla namatshe ngokuphelele. Imizimba yabo imbozwe izinwele ezinde ezinombala obomvu, futhi bangakhuphukela ezintabeni bafike kumamitha angama-2300 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle futhi babekezelele amaqhwa afinyelela ku-−10 ° C.
Umsoco nokuziphatha kahle
Phila Maghreb macaques (ngendlela, lokhu kuwukuphela kwezinhlobo zomsila ezingenamthungo phakathi kwama-macaques) emihlanjini emincane ehlathini lukaphayini, umsedari kanye ne-oki, nasemadwaleni. Zidla ngezithelo, ama-rhizomes, okusanhlamvu, ama-buds, amahlumela kanye nembewu ye-conifers, futhi zidla ukudla kwezilwane: izinambuzane (isikhonyane, amabhungane, izimvemvane) nezibungu zazo, ezinye izidalwa ezihlasimulisayo (izibungu, izikelemu, ama-mollusks), ama-vertebrates amancane ahlukahlukene. Imvamisa, imilingo ihlasela izitshalo zamasiko.
Inombolo
Ezintabeni zase-Afrika, lezi zilwane bezilokhu zande kakhulu, kanti eGibraltar inhlobo yayisongelwa ngokuqothulwa maphakathi nekhulu lamashumi amabili, lapho kwakusasele izimpethu ezingaba mbili lapho. Ngenhlanhla, izinyathelo ezifike ngesikhathi ezithathiwe zaba nomthelela omuhle ezinombolweni zabo. Isibalo samanje esikhulu Maghreb macaques Kungaphansi kokuvikela uhulumeni waseBrithani, njengoba ngokusho inganekwane, kanti lezi zinkawu zihlala lapha, iGibraltar izosala iBrithani. Imali yemvume yabelwa ngisho nabo, futhi umuntu okhethekile ngezikhathi ezithile uletha isinkwa nezithelo kumaMagots. Uma inani lama-macaque lehlisiwe ngesizathu esithile, uletha izinkawu ezintsha ezivela eNyakatho Afrika.