Igama laseRussia - i-Indian crane, antigone
Igama lesi Latin - Grus antigona
Igama lesiNgisi - cranes Sarus
Isigaba - Izinyoni (Izinduna)
I-oda - i-Crane (Gruiformes)
Umndeni - ama-Cranes (Gruidae)

I-crane inkulu kunazo zonke emndenini we-crane. Njengamanje, izingxenyana ezintathu ezi-3 ziyahlukaniswa, zihlukile komunye nomunye ngombala we-plumage nokusatshalaliswa. Okushiwo G.a. u-antigona noG.a.sharpii bahlala e-Asia, noG.a.gilli e-Australia.

Isimo sokuLondolozwa

Phambilini i-Indian crane ibisakazeke kabanzi futhi ibiningi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni yamuva, ngenxa yokuvezwa kwezinto ze-anthropogenic, inani labantu bakhona lehlile. Kodwa-ke, ezifundeni eziningi isalokhu ibonga impela ngezindlela zokuphepha. Njengamanje, inani labantu abasebenza ku-Indian crane balinganiselwa kubantu abangama-20,000. Ngo-2000, yafakwa kwi-International Red Book njengohlobo olusengozini yokuqothulwa.

Buka futhi ndoda

Igama elithi "antigone", ngokusobala, lihambisana negama leqhawe lasendulo lamaGrikhi u-Antigone, owangcwaba umfowabo, ngokungafani nokuvinjelwa kwenkosi futhi walihlawulela ngempilo yakhe. Lokhu mhlawumbe kufanekisela ukuthembeka emndenini nemizwa enobungane, okuvamile kuwo wonke ama-cranes. Kodwa-ke, kunenye inganekwane yasendulo yamaGrikhi, ethi u-Antigone, indodakazi yeNkosi uLaomedont, wazibona elingana nonkulunkulukazi uHera. Kulokhu, uHera owayethukuthele wamguqula waba ingulube (ngokusho kweminye imithombo - waba crane).

Isizathu esikhulu sokwehla kwenani lama-cranes aseNdiya ngumthelela we-anthropogenic. Le yimisebenzi yokudonsa, ukunwetshwa kwezindawo ezihlwanyelwe izilimo ezinjengotshani, umoba, ilayisi. Lokhu kuholela ekunciphiseni kwamaxhaphozi lapho kuhlala khona imifula.

Ukuba khona ngqo kwabantu base-India crane akukhathaleli kangako, kuvame ukubonwa ngisho nasezinkomeni ezidla imidlwane kanye nezihlonzi. Okubekezelela kakhulu ubukhona babantu yi-subspecies G.a.sharpii.
Isibalo sendawo, ikakhulukazi eNdiya, siziphatha ngokucophelela zonke izinhlobo zojantshi, nazo zonke izinto eziphilayo. Kukholakala ukuthi ukulimala okwenziwe kule nyoni kuzoholela ebubini kumuntu owonile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le mikhumbi ihlonishwa ngokwethembana komunye nomunye futhi kunenkolelo yokuthi uma kwenzeka kufa enye yezinyoni zababili, owesibili naye uzofa kungekudala, aphule ikhanda lakhe ematsheni ngokulangazelela.

Imigwaqo emincane yaseNdiya isetshenziswa kahle, futhi ihlala igcinwa emapaki nasezindaweni ezizimele. Ojantshi baseNdiya bazibonakalise bengabalindi abahle kakhulu, njengoba bephakamisa ukukhala okukhulu lapho kuvela noma yimuphi umhambi.

Ukusatshalaliswa nezindawo zokuhlala

Kuthunyelwe e-Asia nasempumalanga. Kuvame kakhulu enyakatho nasentshonalanga kweNdiya, okutholakala nasemazweni ase-Indochina (iMyanmar, Vietnam neCambodia). Ngo-1967, kwavela isisekelo esisha sale crane G.a.gilli e-Australia. I-crane ingaphila ezimeni ezihlukile, kepha ukuba khona kwamaxhaphozi kuyaphoqelelwa. I-G.a.antigona subspecies ijwayeleke kalula ebukhoneni babantu futhi ingahlala ngisho nasezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi uma kunezindawo ezimanzi. Ama-cranes atholakala nasezindaweni ezomile futhi ezivulekile kakhulu, ezakhiwe ngotshani obude nezihlahla, kanye nasemazweni ahlukahlukene ezolimo. I-subspecies G.a.sharpii incike ngokuphelele kuma-biotopes wemvelo omswakama futhi igwema ukuxhumana nabantu.

Ukubukeka

I-crane yiyona enkulu kunazo zonke kumakhreyithi. Ukuphakama kwawo kufinyelela ku-1.8 m, isisindo esingu-6.4 kg, amaphiko - 2.4-22 m m. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kutholakala imifula emikhulu kakhulu eNepal, futhi encane kunazo zonke - e-Australia.

I-Plumage. Izimpaphe zicishe zingabikho ekhanda nasentabeni engenhla. Esinzwaneni, isikhumba sibushelelezi futhi sinephunga. Ikhanda lonke nengxenye engenhla yentambo yembozwe ngesikhumba esinolaka, esikhanyayo. Umphimbo nentambo kumbozwe ngamabhulashi anezinwele aqinile. Kukhona amabala amancane azungeze izindlebe. UBill mude impela, imilenze ibomvu. I-dimorphism yezocansi (umehluko wangaphandle phakathi kowesilisa nowesifazane) ayivezwanga, yize kubhangqwana owesilisa ubonakala emkhulu ngokusobala.

Ezinyoni ezincane, ikhanda limbozwe izimpaphe, azikho izibonda zesikhumba ezingenalutho. Izicucu zezimpaphe eduze kwezindlebe azibonakali ngokuphelele noma zivezwe buthaka kakhulu.

Indlela Yokuphila Nenhlangano Yezenhlalo

I-Indian crane iyizinhlobo ezixazululiwe. Akuwenzi ukufuduka kwesizini, kepha ngezikhathi ezomile zonyaka amakhreyithi kufanele azulazule, ashiye imishayo yomisa futhi aqongelele lapho kunamanzi.

Izinyoni ezingazalanisi zihlala ezindaweni ezingenamakhosi emihlanjini yobukhulu obuhlukahlukene (ukusuka kubantu abambalwa kuya kwesibalo esikhulu sezinyoni ezingama-430). Ngemuva kokudlekwa, izidleke ngazimbili nabancane zibajoyina. Kepha ngenkathi yezidleke, ngababili abazalanayo bavikela ngenkuthalo indawo yabo kusuka kwamanye ama-cranes futhi baxoshe izinyoni ezingazalanisi ezindaweni ezinomswakama. Ngalesi sikhathi, inani lendawo (lendawo) lama-Indian cranes lingancishiswa kakhulu.

Imikhumbi yaseNdiya ivame ukuphumula emanzini angajulile, lapho iphunyuka khona kubantu abahlukumeza umhlaba.

Ama-cranes abantu abadala awashisi minyaka yonke; amaplamu abo ashintsha ngokuphelele njalo eminyakeni eyi-2-3.

Izwi lemikhumbi yaseNdiya licacile futhi likhulu. Ngesikhathi sokuqomisana, insikazi iyaphendula kabili ekhweni ngalinye lowesilisa.

Ukuziphatha okubonakalisayo ngemidanso akukhonjiswa kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, kepha ngesikhathi sokulwa ngenkathi kuvikela insimu nesidleke sakho.

Ukudla okunempilo nokudla okuphakelayo

Njengawo wonke amanye ama-cranes, ama-antigons angama-omnivores. Kokudla kwezitshalo, badla amahlumela, ama-rhizomes kanye nama-bulbs wezitshalo zasemanzini neziseduze namanzi, amantongomane nokusanhlamvu. Inani lokudla kwezilwane lifaka ama-amphibians (ikakhulukazi amaxoxo), izibankwa, izinyoka, izinambuzane, izimbaza. Kwesinye isikhathi lawa makhreyithi adoba ngempumelelo. Kunezimo lapho imifelandawonye yaseNdiya icekele phansi izidleke futhi idle amaqanda ezinye izinyoni ezidonsa ezweni.

Lapho usuthisa, imifula ihamba kancane emanzini angajulile, yehlise amakhanda futhi ihlole inhlabathi ngoqhwaku lwayo olude.

Ukuzala kanye nokuziphatha kwabazali

Ama-cranes aseNdiya ayindida eyodwa, ngababili babo bahlala impilo yonke. Isikhathi nesikhathi sokuzalela siyahluka ngokuya ngesimo sezulu sendawo, kepha sivame ukuboshelwa esikhathini semvula. E-India, ukwenziwa kabusha kwama-cranes kubizwa ngoJulayi kuya ku-Okthoba, kepha ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle kungenzeka unyaka wonke. Emazweni ase-Indochina - impela ngesikhathi semvula enkulu (Meyi - Okthoba), e-Australia - ngoJanuwari - Julayi.

Ukuziphatha kokukhwelana kwemikhumbi yaseNdiya kuyafana nezinye zezinhlobo zalo mndeni. Lo mbhangqwana uhlala endaweni yokudlela engamahektha angama-50, lapho ukudansa kwenzeka khona, kuhambisana nohlobo lokucula. Lokhu kucula - ukukhala okukhulu okukhishwa ngabesilisa nabesifazane kungenzeka ngenxa yesimo eside se-trachea kojantshi abaningi.

Imigwaqo yaseNdiya yakha izidleke ezindaweni ezinamaxhaphozi, kokubili ehlathini nasezindaweni ezivulekile. Zibuye zihlale ngasogwini lwamachibi nasemiseleni yokunisela, nasemasimini erayisi. Isidleke siyinqwaba enkulu yezitshalo ezahlukahlukene, enobubanzi obungamamitha amathathu ngasisekelo futhi bube yi-1 m phezulu. Ama-cranes ahlala ethembekile esidlekeni sawo futhi angazinza kuwo iminyaka engu 4-5, kuphela ngokulilungisa kancane. Kulesi sidleke, insikazi ibeka u-1-3 (imvamisa 2) ngamaqanda ansundu amabala. Isikhathi sokufakwa kweqanda ngalinye amahora angama-48. Lapho selibekile iqanda lokuqala, insikazi iyahlala phansi ukuze ilingene, ngakho-ke iphuphu lesibili lincane futhi libuthakathaka kunelidala. Isikhathi sokufakelwa sithatha izinsuku ezingama-31- 34, bobabili abazali bayashiswa, kepha insikazi ichitha isikhathi esiningi esidlekeni, kuthi owesilisa avikele insimu. Ngemuva kokuqunjelwa amachwane, abazali bakhipha igobolondo esidlekeni noma balinyathele emgqonyeni kadoti. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala ngemuva kokubopha, abazali bondla amachwane, bese badlulela ekuzondla, kodwa ngaphansi kokugadwa kwabazali babo. Lapho kusengozini, izinyoni ezindala zikhalela ukukhala okukhethekile, futhi amaphuphu ayabanda futhi acashe otshanini. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-50-65, amachwane athatha iphiko, kepha-ke, njengomthetho, leli kuphela inkukhu eyodwa, endala. Omncane uvame ukufa, ngoba ubuthakathaka futhi kunzima kakhulu ukulandela abazali bakhe nokuthola ukudla. Ama-cranes aseNdiya avuthwa ngokobulili unyaka wokuphila.

Ukudla kwe-crane yaseNdiya

Ukudla kufaka phakathi ukudla kwezitshalo nezilwane. Ingxenye yesitshalo yokudla iqukethe amantongomane, amahlumela amasha, ama-rhizomes nezinhlamvu zezilimo ezinoshukela, ingxenye yezilwane imelelwa ngababambazeli, izibankwa, izinduku, izinyoka, amasele, amaqanda namachwane ezinye izinyoni. Ngamanani amancane udla izinhlanzi.

Ojantshi baseNdiya bakha umbhangqwana impilo yonke.

Impilo eMoses Zoo

E-zoo yethu, ama-cranes aseNdiya agcinwa endaweni yezindiza eduze kwe-bird House. Manje kunowesifazane oyedwa kuphela, weza kithi kudala, evela kuthando lweBurma, futhi manje uneminyaka engaphezu kuka-42 ubudala. Phambilini, ojantshi baseNdiya bande kaningi kusukela ngo-1976.

Ukudla kwama-cranes aseNdiya e-zoo, njengawo wonke amanye ama-cranes, kuxubekile futhi kuqukethe ukudla kwezitshalo nezilwane. Inani eliphelele lokudla ngosuku lingaphezu kwe-1.5 kg. Isabelo sokudla kwemifino (okusanhlamvu nemifino ehlukahlukene) kungama-1150 g, kanti isabelo sezilwane (inyama, inhlanzi, ushizi wasekhishini, ama-crustaceans, i-hamarus) ngu-440 g. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-cranes athola amagundane ama-2 nsuku zonke, ama-vitamin supplements, utshani kanye ne-bone bone, kanye amagobolondo amaningi kanye nohlu lwamatshe.

Inombolo

Ama-cranes aseNdiya abhalwe ku-Red Book.

Ngo-2000, lezi zinyoni zabhalwa kwiRed Book. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, baye baba sengozini. Inani eliphelele lalezi zinyoni lingabantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-20, leli inani labantu abathathu.

Lezi yizakhamizi zaseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, enyakatho neNdiya nasenyakatho ye-Australia. Ensimini yeLaos, iCambodia neChina, kuhlala izinyoni ezingaba yinkulungwane.

Uhlala kancane eMyanmar - cishe izinyoni ezingama-800. INepal, India nePakistan zakhiwe ngemikhumbi elinganiselwa ku-10,000. Enyakatho ye-Australia, abantu abangama-5 000 bahlala.

Ngokusho kochwepheshe, isibalo sabantu abadala ziyizinyoni eziyi-13- ​​000, kuthi uma zihlanganiswa nezincane, isibalo sizoba izinyoni eziyi-19- 22. Kunokuthambekela kokunciphisa inani lama-cranes aseNdiya.

Ama-cranes aseNdiya ayizinyoni ezinhle kakhulu.

Kungaphatheki kahle umphakathi walezi zinyoni, uqhuba imishini futhi unwebeka izindawo ezitshaliwe zezilimo ezinjengotshani, umoba, ilayisi. Konke lokhu kuholela ekunciphiseni kwamaxhaphozi lapho kuhlala khona lezi zinyoni. Ingxenye yensimu ihamba ngaphansi kwedlelo.

Futhi, lapho sekwakhiwa umhlaba, izidleke zalezi zinyoni zichithwa yimishini yezolimo. Konke lokhu kulimaza womabili amakhreyithi nayo yonke imvelo.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela u-Ctrl + Enter.

I-crane iyinyoni enkulu kunazo zonke emndenini we-crane. Ihlala ePakistan, enyakatho yeNdiya, eCambodia, iVietnam, iMyanmar, iLaos, indawo ebabazekayo yaseNepal. Isixuku esikhulu salezi zinyoni sihlala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ye-Australia. Lezi zinyoni zithanda ukuhlala ezindaweni ezimanzi. Ngokuthula nangokuthula hlala ndawonye nabantu. Ojantshi baseNdiya bahlukanisa ama-subspecies ama-3, kepha bahluke komunye komunye.

I-Indian crane (Grus antigone) .ukuqhathaniswa kwekhilogremu yaseNdiya. Ukuphakama kwezinyoni cishe ngamamitha ayi-1,8. Umuntu omdala unesisindo kusuka ku-6.8 kuya ku-7.8 kg. Isisindo esikhulu kunazo zonke esirekhodiwe singama-8.4 kg.

Amaphiko asuka kumamitha ayi-2,2 kuye kwangama-2,5. Abamele amakhulu wezinhlobo zingatholakala eNepal, encane kunazo zonke - e-Australia. Amapayipi awo anemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Intamo kanye neningi lekhanda alinawo amapayipi, kunesikhumba esibomvu esinqunu. Isikhumba phambi kwekhanda luhlaza okotshani obuluhlaza ohlukanisa umbala ogqamile obomvu. Kukhona amabala amnyama grey eceleni kwekhanda.I-cranes zase-India zibonakala zigqoka isigqoko esibomvu emakhanda azo.Lezinyoni zinomlomo omude oluluhlaza nemilenze epinki. Abesifazane bancane kunabesilisa. Ngaphandle, akukho mehluko phakathi kobulili. Ezindaweni zomzimba lapho abantu abadala benesikhumba, ukukhula okuncane kunephunga elibomvu.I-Indian Crane Nutrition Kokubili ukudla kwezitshalo nezilwane kufakiwe ekudleni. Ingxenye yesitshalo yokudla iqukethe amantongomane, amahlumela amasha, ama-rhizomes nezinhlamvu zezilimo ezinoshukela, ingxenye yezilwane imelelwa ngababambazeli, izibankwa, izinduku, izinyoka, amasele, amaqanda namachwane ezinye izinyoni. Ngamanani amancane udla izinhlanzi.

Ukuzala Ngokobulili ovuthiwe lapho uneminyaka emithathu. Lezi zinyoni monogamous, imibhangqwana ukudala impilo. Azithambekele ekufudukeni; zihlala zizinzile.

Izidleke ezinamaphiko zakhiwe phakathi kwezitshalo zomswakama. Izinyoni ziqoqa amagatsha namaqabunga ngenqwaba futhi zenze ikhefu lokugoba ngaphezulu, okuvame ukuba namaqanda ama-2. Ukuqandusela amaqanda kuthatha inyanga.

Lokhu ngikwenza ngowesifazane nowesilisa. Amachwane azalwa aqala ukulwa phakathi kwawo ukuthola ukudla. Kule mpi, imvamisa yenkukhu eyodwa iyasinda, enamandla kunayo.

Intsha iqala ukundiza inezinyanga ezimbili ubudala. Isikhathi sokuzalela emikhuhlaneni yaseNdiya kuqala ngemuva kwenkathi yemvula enkulu. Ama-cranes ama-Indian amanani afakwe ku-Red Book.

Ngo-2000, lezi zinyoni zabhalwa kwiRed Book. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, baye baba sengozini. Inani eliphelele lalezi zinyoni lingabantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-20, leli inani labantu abathathu.

Lezi yizakhamizi zaseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, enyakatho neNdiya nasenyakatho ye-Australia. Ensimini yeLaos, iCambodia neChina, kuhlala izinyoni ezingaba yinkulungwane. Uhlala kancane eMyanmar - cishe izinyoni ezingama-800.

INepal, India nePakistan zakhiwe ngemikhumbi elinganiselwa ku-10,000. Enyakatho ye-Australia, abantu abangama-5 000 bahlala. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, isibalo sabantu abadala ziyizinyoni eziyi-13- ​​000, kuthi uma zihlanganiswa nezincane, isibalo sizoba izinyoni eziyi-19- 22.

Kunokuthambekela kokunciphisa inani lama-cranes aseNdiya. Ama-cranes aseNdiya ayizinyoni ezinhle kakhulu.

Kungaphatheki kahle umphakathi walezi zinyoni, uqhuba imishini futhi unwebeka izindawo ezitshaliwe zezilimo ezinjengotshani, umoba, ilayisi. Konke lokhu kuholela ekunciphiseni kwamaxhaphozi lapho kuhlala khona lezi zinyoni. Ingxenye yensimu ihamba ngaphansi kwedlelo.

Futhi, lapho sekwakhiwa umhlaba, izidleke zalezi zinyoni zichithwa yimishini yezolimo. Konke lokhu kulimaza womabili amakhreyithi nayo yonke imvelo.

Igama laseRussia - umqhele waseNdiya, igama lesi-Latin elithi antigone - Igama likaGrus antigona lesiNgisi - iSarus crane Class - Izinyoni (Aves) Order - Crane (Gruiformes) Umndeni - ama-Cranes (Gruidae) I-Indian crane yiyona enkulu kunazo zonke emndenini we-crane. Njengamanje, izingxenyana ezintathu ezi-3 ziyahlukaniswa, zihlukile komunye nomunye ekutholaka imibala kanye nokusabalalisa. Okushiwo G.a. u-antigona noG.a.sharpii bahlala e-Asia, noG.a.gilli e-Australia.

Umqhele obomvu

Omunye umbono oseqenjini lokuqala uwukuthi i-japanese crane (I-Grus japonensis). Ingaba nesisindo esifinyelela ku-9 kg, amaphiko afinyelela ku-2,5 m, nokuphakama okungamamitha ayi-1.5. Enye yemikhondo engakavamisileki ukufuduka bese ichitha ihlobo ezindaweni ezimanzi zase-East Asia. Futhi ubusika ezigungwini ezinosawoti nezamanzi amasha waseChina, Japan kanye neNhlonhlo YaseKorea. I-crane crane imvamisa ihlala iminyaka engama-30 endle, futhi ithunjwe iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-60.