Kanye nezintuthwane nabantu, igwababa elimnyama ukuphela kwesidalwa esiphilayo eMhlabeni esiqoqa amaphakethe alo amabutho ukuba ahlasele abafowabo ukuze bangene ezindaweni zabo. Igama lesiLatini lamagwababa yiCorvus corax, lapho kuvela khona ukuthi kusobala ukuthi akahlangene nalokhu kwegwababa.
Kuzoba sobala uma ubheka nje ngokucophelela isithombe segwababa. Lezi yizinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinyoni, yize ziqhamuka emndenini owodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinyoni ziyaxabana ngisho phakathi kwazo. I-Raven ingeyama-Passeriformes e-oda futhi ungummeleli ovelele kuyo.
Incazelo, ukubukeka kwezinyoni
Ikakhulu, umzimba wegwababa ungafika ku-70 cm ubude, kanti inyoni enkulu ngesinye isikhathi inesisindo esingamakhilogremu amabili. Ubukhulu besifazane bukhulu kakhulu. Inomlomo omkhulu, omningi futhi nomsila ocijile, ongenakuziqhenya ngalo. Umbala futhi udonsela ukunaka: inyoni inenqwaba yemibala emnyama enokwehluka okuningana kwemithunzi eduze kwentamo, isifunda sesisu sinombala ocwebezelayo, osansimbi.
Igwababa linamaphiko okuya kumamitha elilodwa nesigamu. Le nyoni inezimpaphe ezicijile umphimbo, futhi ngaphansi koqhwaku, lapho isineminyaka yobudala, zakha isimo “sentshebe”. Njenge-plumage, uqhwaku nemilenze yamagwababa nakho kumnyama-mnyama. Izihlakala emilenzeni zigobile. I-Raven iris izimbali zekhofi.
Ukufana nezinye izinyoni
Ukufana kungatholakala ngezimbambo, kepha igwababa likhulu kakhulu futhi lihluka ngezindlela eziningi. Ngaphandle kokuthi imibala yomzimba kumagwababa iyi-monophonic, njengasezinhlungwini ezifanayo noma kuqhude omnyama. I- “kru” ephansi, i-laryngeal yezwakala ngezwi lenyoni, noma “umphetho” omfishane noma omude, owaziwa nangokuthi uyigwebu. Kukholakala ukuthi akhokho uyakwazi ukulingisa imisindoukulingisa izwi lezinye izilwane.
Ukusakazeka Kwe-Raven
Ukusatshalaliswa kwamukelwa cishe yonke indawo esifundeni esibizwa ngokuthi yiHolarctic, esihlanganisa iningi lomhlaba. Ukusuka enyakatho ekude neRussian Federation, i-Alaska kanye neGreenland kuya engxenyeni esenyakatho yehlane laseSahara, i-Arabia, enyakatho-ntshonalanga neNdiya. Lapho engatholakali nakanjani iseNingizimu Melika. Noma kunjalo, naphezu kwendawo enkulu kangaka yokusatshalaliswa, le nyoni ilahlekelwa amanani ayo unyaka nonyaka.
Indawo yokuhlanza
Kuyabonakala esigabeni esedlule ukuthi amaqhude angakhetha cishe noma iyiphi indawo njengendawo ahlala kuyo, ethafeni kuya ezintabeni, kusukela ogwadule kuya e-tundra. Noma kunjalo, agwema amahlathi acinene ama-coniffort. Izinyoni zithanda amahlathi amakhulu noma, uma kungasenyakatho, izihlahlana eziseduze namachibi nemishayo. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu yebanga lazo, ithanda izintaba amathafa asemaqeleni. Bahlala ngisho naseHimalaya, endaweni ephakeme kakhulu.
Amagwababa, njengomthetho, angahlali eduze komuntu. Yize kusanda kushiwo ukuthi igwababa elimnyama liqale ukuvela emadolobheni amancane nasezindaweni ezilahliwe. Emadolobheni amakhulu ukumbona, kunalokho, ngaphandle komthetho. Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi isithombe segwababa singena kulensi. Emadolobheni, izinyoni zingahlala ezindlini ezingenamuntu eziphakeme. Ama-ravens angadonswa kokudla okungabizi ekugcwalisweni komhlaba, ezitshalweni zokwenza inyama noma emagcekeni emfuyo.
Indawo yokuhlala izinyoni
I-Raven ivame izidleke emahlathini, hhayi kude nomthombo wamanzi. Ezindaweni ezivulekile, uma zenzeka, maningi amathuba lapho umuntu ophilayo engatholakali khona, ngokwesibonelo, ezindaweni zamathuna. Kuyivelakancane kakhulu eduze kwemigwaqo ethile ematasa, uma kukhona umphetho nokudla.
Ukukhetha indawo yokuhlala yezinyoni, unikezwe indlela yokuphila yeduduzi, kubaluleke kakhulu kuye. Amagwababa angavamile anquma izindiza ezinde zobusika. Ngakho-ke, inyoni yakhetha izithulu, ezingenakufinyeleleka kumuntu indawo, ngokukhula kwezihlahla ezixineneyo. Njengomthetho, amagwababa ukhetha isihlahla esiqinile esine-fork high ku-trunk yesidleke esizayo, lapho kufanele khona khona uphayini, oki, ne-linden.
Uma igwababa likhethe indawo yesiko njengendawo yokudlela, khona-ke ukukhethwa kwendawo kukhawulelwe kuma-skyscrapers ashiywe, imibhoshongo yamanzi noma amasonto amadala.
Indlela yokuphila, izici zokuziphatha kwezinyoni
I-Raven ihlakaniphe ngokweqile, enohlelo lwezinzwa oluhlelwe kahle. Izinyoni ezindala zidlulisela isipiliyoni kwabancane, futhi inkumbulo yalabo ibavumela ukuba bakhumbule konke futhi ngokuzayo baphinde imikhuba yokuziphatha. Okusho ukuthi, singasho ukuthi, kanye nabangakhanjwanga, baphinde babe nezimo zokukhalipha. Lezi zinyoni zingahlukaniswa kwabanye abafana nazo ezindizeni.
Le nyoni yenza okuncane okumbalwa ngamaphiko amade kunokuba ifane nabalingani bayo abakhulu kakhulu bezinyamazane. Futhi, isici sezinhlobo zezinyoni kungukuqala kwegwababa ngaphambi kokusuka, ngoba kwenza ukugijima okuthile. Futhi ngokuvamile, igwababa lizizwa lihle emhlabathini.
Ebusuku, amagwababa alala esidlekeni sawo; phakathi nosuku lihlala limatasa lizingela.
Imvamisa lezi zinyoni yakha imihlambi emincane eduze nasekwindla, futhi ngaphambi kwalokho bahlala ngamabili abodwa. Okunye okuthokozisayo iqiniso lokuthi igwababa lihlukile kulokho, njengabantu, lilwela indawo. Le nyoni ngendlela ehlelekile ihlasela amaphakethe, uma kunesidingo. Umlomo omkhulu onamandla ogobekile uyabasiza ekulweni. Umhlambi wezimpungushe ezinqobayo uzinza endaweni enqobile futhi ngaphakathi kwawo uzitholela ukudla.
Ukudla kweRaven
I-Raven icishe ibe yinqaba, futhi ayikuvimbeli ukutholwa. Futhi, le nyoni ibonwe ichitha izidleke zezinye izilwane. Okuningi kuya ngesikhathi sonyaka. Igwababa linamehlo amahle kakhulu, ngakho-ke, lapho kunokungatholakali ukudla okutholakalayo ngohlobo lwe-carrion, ubheka izilwane ezincane ezivela esibhakabhakeni - kusuka kumagundane asendle kuya ezinambuzaneni. Uma amagwababa ephazamisa ngokungazelele isidlo sakhe sasemini futhi endiza ahambe ibanga elifushane ukusuka ekudleni, njengomthetho, lokhu kusho ukuthi umnikazi wendawo ubuyile noma usefikile, kungaba yisilo noma umuntu.
Ngenhloso efanayo, isikhathi eside bangalandela umhlambi wama-nomads noma wezilwane zasendle. Uma kungekho kudla okwanele endaweni yokuhlala, amagwababa angandiza an an endropogenic landscape, eduze kwezitshalo zokufaka inyama noma amapulazi emfuyo. Ngokuya komuntu, inyoni ngokushesha indiza ibaleke, kepha amagwababa awesabi nokuxosha ezinye izilwane ezincane ezinobukhulu obuncane. Kwesinye isikhathi baze bathathe nokudla okusemthethweni kwabazingeli noma bahlwanyele esitokisini sabo.
Izici zokudla kanye nokudla
Izilwane zasekhaya azihlaselwa kakhulu. Kuyajabulisa ukubona ukukhishwa kwezimbungulu ezihlala ngasogwini lomfula. Igwababa libamba i-toothless conch ogwini, bese liyiphakamisela phezulu esibhakabhakeni, lisuka lapho liphonse khona emuva. Futhi izikhathi eziningana kuze kube yilapho igobolondo liqhuma ukuze kukhiphe i-slug lapho.
Amagwababa abonwa edla okusanhlamvu nokudla okuhlukahlukene kwezitshalo. Naphezu komphakathi ophansi, izinyoni zivame ukuhlanganyela inyamazane enkulu nabafowethu, okuwuphawu olukhulu. Ikakhulu, lokhu kuyasebenza ezilwaneni ezincane.
Ukuzala
Njengasendabeni yokuziphatha kwephakethe, lawo makhaza asungule umbhangqwana ngokuqinisekile athatha ubunikazi bendawo ethile futhi awugade ngomhawu. Ibanga phakathi kwamazwe ayo yonke imishado enjalo ngamakhilomitha ambalwa (okuwukuphela kwesigaba se-anthropogenic).
Kwesinye isikhathi ukunamathiswa kwamagwababa endaweni kukuvumela ukuthi ulondoloze ubumbano olunjalo kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo, yingakho bethola incazelo yokugagana. By endleleni, ukuthomba kuqala emva konyaka wesibili wokuphila. Sekuyisikhathi sokuthi iqhude lipheke isidleke.
Imidlalo yokuhlobanisa ihlukaniswa iqiniso lokuthi amajwabu angamaduna aqala ukwenza i-aerobatics esibhakabhakeni noma, njengepigogo, ahambe phambi kowesifazane onomsila “othululiwe”. Uma insikazi ivuma, umbhangqwana uqala ukuhlanza izimpaphe zomunye nomunye ulungiselele isidleke.
Umhluzi nenzalo
Ngesikhathi kwakhiwa isidleke, izinto zokwakha (ezinjengesihlakala, amagatsha, izikebhe zezikhumba ezihlanganisiwe, izindunduma, izindunduma zobumba, njll.) Zilethwa yilaba bobabili “abalingani”, kepha owesimame kuphela ophethe ukubekwa, bese ebopha amaqanda lapho. Lokhu kuyaqhubeka kuze kube amasonto ama-3, kuze kube yilapho umklamo uqinisa ukuzethemba enyokeni: ububanzi besidleke bubalelwa kumitha, nokuphakama kuyingxenye yemitha.
Imvamisa, amagwababa ahlanganisa izidleke eziningana ngasikhathi sinye endaweni yawo, uma kwenzeka, futhi eshintsha indawo yakhe ngezikhathi ezithile. Kepha, ngaphandle kwesibalo sezidleke, ngaphezu kwesibalo esisodwa ngonyaka akwenzeki.
Isikhathi sokuqala ngemuva kokuqunjelwa, insikazi yegwababa iyaqhubeka nokufudumeza amantshontsho esidlekeni. Lapho-ke igwababa selivele labhangqwa nengxenye yalo nje ubondla. Inkukhu esanda kuzalwa idla konke kudliwa ngabazali bayo. Esikhathini esingaphezulu kwenyanga kamuva, amaphuphu aqala ukundiza, futhi ngonyaka inyoni izophila ngokuzimela.
Kuhlala amangaki amaningi
Uma endle igwababa lihlala ngokwesilinganiso cishe iminyaka eyi-15, khona-ke ekuthunjweni inyoni ingaphila inqwaba. Ngokuvamile, igwababa libhekwa njengesibindi eside. Ukuthi mangaki amakhreyithi ahlala ngokuya ngezimo zokuphila kanye nekhwalithi yokudla. Uma iphuphu lisasuswa esidlekeni, khona-ke liyakwazi ukulilawula, kepha kamuva amagwababa aqaphela umnikazi kuphela. Futhi-ke, ngemuva konyaka noma emibili, inyoni ifuna ukundiza, vele ibe nesikhathi sokwenza isithombe segwababa.