Thepha umdanso - umdanso onqobele iMelika

"Umculo wezinyawo" - ngokwempela, ungachaza umdanso wokushaya. Kulomdanso, akudingekile ukusebenzisa okuhambisana nomculo - isigqi sishaywa ngezichuse ezikhethekile ezinamapuleti wensimbi kuphela. Lokhu inzuzo eyinhloko yohlobo: iphethini yokudansa eyingqayizivele iyatholakala ngisho nakubantu abangaboni. Ngemuva kwakho konke, bayamuzwa. Ngubani owaqala ukushaya umdanso wepompo, siphakamisa ukuthi ufunde endabeni yethu.

Thepha Umlando Womdanso

Ngenye indlela, lo mdanso ubizwa ngokuthi yisinyathelo saseMelika, ngoba yiMelika ebhekwa njengendawo yokuzalwa yalolu hlobo. Lokhu kuqondiswa sekuye kwagqama kakhulu kweBroadway, naseHollywood. Ukuphindaphindwa njalo nokujikijelana kwezicathulo ngezithende zensimbi kudonsele izingqondo zabantu baseMelika, yize bekukhona ukuDana Okukhulu okucekethe izwe ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1920 nasekupheleni kwawo-1930. Abantu babekujabulela ukuya emidlalweni yomculo ukujabulela ukusebenza kwabadansi babo abathandayo. Ubani owayefanele 'asolwe' ngalesi siphithiphithi?

Umsuka wesinyathelo sesisekelo ungalandelelwa emidansweni yesiko labantu bomdabu baseMelika - amaNdiya. Ukunyakaza kwabo ngesikhathi sesiko kufana ngempela nokuthile okufana nokudansa kompompi. Kepha "abazali" bangempela bale nkambiso namanje amasiko amasiko amaNegroes nawase-Ireland, abahlalisa izwe leNew World emuva ngekhulu le-18. AbakwaNegroe baletha izigqi zase-Afrika eMelika, kwathi abase-Ireland baletha i-gig. Ngesikhathi semidlalo ethuthukisiwe ebibanjwa ngabokufika, ubuhlanga kanye nezinye izingcindezi zahlakazwa emzabalazweni wokusebenza okungcono kakhulu komdanso ngezinsimbi zokhuni. Imincintiswano eyinqaba yahlala esithunzini somphakathi jikelele kuze kube ngu-1830, obhekwe njengonyaka wokuzalwa kwalesi sinyathelo.

Ngo-1830, umdansi odumile wase-Ireland, owayedlala ngaphansi kukaPse Rice, wakhombisa umphakathi umdanso omusha. Wahlanganisa ijegi nezinto ezithile zemigqi yase-Afrika, ikakhulukazi, waboleka ukunyakaza okuthile kwemilenze, amahlombe nezingalo. UPapa Rice wabingelelwa ngokunyuka okuphezulu - le yindlela okuvela ngayo empompini, okujabulisa iMelika.

Kuze kube ngama-20s wekhulu leminyaka elidlule, lesi sinyathelo sasixhunyaniswe ngokungalingani ne-Broadway nabaculi ababedlala kahle lo mdanso. Omunye wababebambe iqhaza elikhulu owakhanya enkundleni yemidlalo kwakunguBill Robinson wase-Afrika-Melika. Umdansi ukwazile ukufeza okuhle ngaleso sikhathi - ukunqoba izilaleli ezimhlophe. Impela, ngokwemithetho yokubandlulula ngokobuhlanga ngalezo zikhathi, abamnyama bekufanele bancamele abamnyama kuphela, nabamhlophe - kwabamhlophe. URobinson ushintshe amasiko la. Kepha hhayi lokhu kuphela okuphawuleka ngesibalo sakhe ekwakhiweni kwesinyathelo. Ukukhahlela ibhuthini, ukukhahlela, ukudansa ezitebhisini - konke lokhu kuyibhizinisi lakhe "lesandla," abalandeli bomdanso banamuhla abambonga ngalo.

Ngokuthuthukiswa komkhakha wamafilimu, umdanso wesiteji uzuza isimo esehlukile. Manje isitayela siba ukugxila okuyinhloko kwabaqondisi bamahlaya omculo. Kuvela izithixo ezintsha zesinyathelo. UFrederic Austerlitz noma uFred Astaire waba yinkanyezi enkulu yabaculi baseHollywood, yize ekuqaleni bebengabaza ukuthi ungumuntu ozimele: umdlali olinganiselayo, empeleni akazi ukuthi kufanele adlale kanjani, ngaphandle kokuthi udansa kancane. Kepha le nsizwa yakwazi ukuheha umqambi wamafilimu uDavid Selznik futhi ikhombise izwe lonke ngethalente lakhe. Ukufaneleka kuka-Aster ukuthi akazange enze nje lesi sinyathelo. Uyihlanganise kahle ne-choreography yomdanso we-classical, edala ama-aesthetics akhethekile wesitayela.

Ubani eHollywood owathola intende phakathi kwabadlali abamnyama badonsa? Kwakungu-Sammy Davis Junior, owaqala umsebenzi wakhe eneminyaka eyi-3. U-Afrika waseMelika onethalente waluthola uthando lomphakathi futhi wamthatha ngeminyakazo yakhe emangalisayo.

Isikhathi sangemva kwempi sithathwa njengesigolide ekuthuthukiseni isinyathelo. Impi ingemuva - ungaphumula futhi ujabulele umdlalo wabalingisi bomculo owenza isinyathelo. Amagama kaFred Astaire, Gene Kelly, Ginder Rogers awazishiyi izingqungqulu, futhi izikhulu ezihamba phambili aziyeki ukushaya isigqi esicacile, ziguqula umdanso ubuciko.

Eminyakeni engama-50 yokuqala, uhlobo lwaluhamba esikhathini sokuqina. Uhulumeni wethule intela kuma-orchestra amakhulu, umculo owawuhambisana nezigaba eziningi zomdanso. Ezomculo ziyeka ukuba yinzuzo - abakhiqizi bafuna imibono emisha yemibhalo. Ngakho-ke, lesi sinyathelo sihlala eceleni komkhakha wamafilimu, owawufanele ukukhiqizwa kwawo, unikeze ithuba izigcawu ze-ballet.

Eminyakeni engama-60s edlule, iBroadway ibuswa yimicimbi emikhulu yomdanso: abaqondisi baqala ukuvuselela izingoma ezindala, kufaka phakathi lezo ezinenombolo ezishisiwe. Ngasikhathi sinye, kwethulwa izinhlelo eziningana mayelana ne-steppe kuthelevishini. Konke lokhu kuholela ekuvuseleleni kwesitayela, igagasi elisha lokuthandwa kwalo. Ngasikhathi sinye, lesi sinyathelo siyayeka ukubonwa njengokuzijabulisa nje. Ukuthepha nge-Virtuoso ngezicucu kwaba yinto yobuciko - abalandeli bohlobo baqala ukuvula izikole zomdanso wezinyathelo, imikhosi kanye nemincintiswano phakathi kwe-steppes yahlelwa ezweni lonke.

Okwamanje, intshisekelo kwisitayela ayikapheli. Yebo, isinyathelo sishiyile izikrini ezinkulu. “Wahlala” kuphi? Ezikhungweni ezincane zamakamelo, lapho abadansi banamuhla baqhubeka nokushaya isigqi esicacile emizamweni yokuthola isimo somculi wethalente lomdanso onekhono kakhulu.

Amaqiniso Ahehayo

• Izicucu ezinezithende zensimbi zazibonakala kuphela ngezinsuku zejazi. Kuqala, igxathu lajola ezitolo nasezicathulweni ezinezinyawo zokhuni.
• Kusukela ngo-1989, njalo ngoMeyi 25, bonke abadansi bagubha usuku lwezinyathelo. Usuku aluzange lukhethwe ngengozi. Namuhla kuzalwe umphathi we-step dance uBill Robinson. E-USA, iholide lathola isikhundla ngokusemthethweni.
• Ngo-1935 Omncane uColonel, uBill Robinson wenza "isinyathelo sakhe" esidumile ngokuhambisana nenkanyezi ye-movie uShirley Temple, owophumelela umklomelo we-Academy Award. Le bekuyifilimu yokuqala lapho abamele izinhlanga zabamnyama nabamhlophe bedansa bebambene. Ngalesi sizathu, ifilimu lavinjelwa ukuthi lihlolwe emazweni aseningizimu.
• Ngesikhathi seMpi Yesibili Yomhlaba, uFred Astaire waphefumulela amasosha aseMelika ukusebenza okungabalulekanga komdanso wompompi. Uhambe ngendiza ngokukhethekile eLondon eyokhulisa isimilo sabantu ayehlala nabo ngaphambi kokufika eNormandy.
• Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XIX, lesi sinyathelo sasithathwa njengomdanso wabantu abamnyama baseMelika, njengoba ihlotshaniswa kakhulu nokuthuthukiswa kwe-jazz. Kwakungathi kwenziwa imiculo ye-jazz ngomdanso we-tap, ngakho-ke umdanso owenziwa ngawo-1920 wabizwa ngokuthi “i-jazz” futhi akukho okunye.
• Ngo-1920, lesi sinyathelo saba ukuzijabulisa kwabathandi bokuqala botshwala obunamandla. Prohibition e-United States ngalowo nyaka yafaka ukuvimbela ngokuphelele ukukhiqizwa nokuthengiswa kotshwala. Ukuze ngandlela thile kujabulise izilaleli, abanikazi bezindawo zokuphuza bamema ama-steppes amnyama.
• Ngo-2000, kwavela incwadi kaGuinness Book of Records ekhasini lesigaba uJerry Adams. Lo mdansi umboze ibanga ukusuka eWashington uye eNew York ngamahora ayisithupha. Yini ephawuleka lapha? Iqiniso lokuthi wenze lokhu, eshaya ucezu lomdanso wempompi. By the way - ibanga phakathi kwamaphuzu wokugcina laliyi-328 km.
• Kukhona okunye ukungena kwiNcwadi yamaRekhodi, kulokhu enikelwe esitebhisini esisheshayo. Ukushaywa okungu-28 ngomzuzu - lokhu kungumphumela kaMichael Raine Flatley, umdwebi womdabu wase-Ireland. Leli rekhodi laqoshwa ngonyaka we-1989. Ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-9, umdansi wephule irekhodi lakhe, wabeka ibha entsha yama-hits angama-35. Kepha uMichael Flatley akadume lokhu kuphela. Imibukiso yakhe yomdanso omkhulu, ikakhulukazi i- “Lord of the dance” kanye ne- “Feet of Flames”, yazuza uthando lwabathandi bomdanso womculo emhlabeni jikelele.

• Ngokusho kochwepheshe, isitebhisi esizedlula zonke futhi esisheshayo emhlabeni ngowesifazane. Lesi sihloko sanikezwa u-Elinor Powell, omsebenzi wakhe owenzeka ngeminyaka yama-30s nangama-40.
• Isinyathelo se-Ireland sihlaba umxhwele ngamandla aso nesigqi. Lesi sitayela siyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ekwenzeni, ngoba inani lemivimbo enomlenze owodwa liyahluka kusuka ku-4 kuye ku-6 ngasikhathi sinye, umzimba uhlala ungashukumi, imilenze kuphela ebandakanyekayo ekudanseni. Benza lona ngezinganekwane, umculo wamaCelt.
• Umdanso wokuthepha awulondolozwanga iRussia. Ukusebenza kwethu komdanso kubizwa ngokuthi ama-crushers. Ngokungafani nabadansi bakwamanye amazwe, izicathulo zaseRussia ezilahliwe ezinezitsha zensimbi. Esikhundleni salokho, kwakusetshenziswa izicathulo ezinezinyawo eziphindwe kabili.
• Uhulumeni weSoviet Union eminyakeni yangemva kwempi wawuphikisana kabi nalesi sinyathelo - ukuthuthukiswa kohlobo lwayo kwavinjwa yi-Iron Curtain. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, amasiko esinyathelo saseMelika athuthukiswa ngenkuthalo ngabazalwane bakwaGusakov.
• Ungahle uthandwe yizigcawu zompompi hhayi kumculo wakudala waseMelika kuphela. Bakhona namafilimu aseSoviet. Ngakho-ke, uLyubov Orlova wakhombisa ithalente lakhe ekwenzeni lesi sinyathelo kwifilimu ethi "Circus".
• Kukhona inganekwane yokuthi lesi sinyathelo sizalwe ngomkhumbi othwele abathutha bevela eYurophu. Ngenkathi behambela ogwini olude, abamele amazwe ahlukahlukene baqhubekela emphemeni bashaya isigqi esicacile emabhodini aphansi ngokhuni. Abadansi baseYurophu babengekho ngaphansi kwabamatiloshe, okuthi ngomsindo omuhle kakhulu beze nezingcwecwe zemali ezincane zamaNgisi - amapeni - ezintanjeni.

Imiculo emihle kakhulu emigqeni yesinyathelo

Njengoba sishilo phambilini, umlando wokudansa kompompi uxhunyaniswe ngokungalingani nentuthuko yomculo wejazz. Kwakusetshenziswa emculweni wezomculo. Ngakho-ke, ama-tunes amahle kakhulu avezwa kumahlaya amadala omculo weHollywood.

«Chattanooga Chu Chu"Kuzwakale kwifilimu ethi" Serenade of the Sun Valley ". Ngo-1941, irekhodi elinalokhu kwaqanjwa laba ngumholi wamashadi aseMelika. Indaba yengoma iqale esitimeleni esasihamba ngesitimela iSouthern Railway sidlula edolobheni laseChattanooga. I-Lyricist kaMark Gordon, nomculo kaHarry Warren. Emculweni, ingoma yenziwa yiGlenn Miller Jazz Orchestra.

«Singin 'Emvuleni". Ukuqanjwa kwakhishwa ngonyaka we-1929, kwathola udumo ngo-1952 ngemuva kokukhishwa kosomahlaya "Sihlabelela Emvuleni" kwizikrini zethelevishini. UGene Kelly, owenze leli culo ekulula kulo, uhlobene ngqo nokuthandwa kwakhe. Kulokhu, umlingisi usethe i-choreography ngokwakhe. Eminyakeni yokuqala yo-2000, ingoma yathatha indawo yesithathu ohlwini lwezingoma ezaziwa kakhulu ngombono wabagxeki befilimu baseMelika.

«Izwekazi"- Ingoma eyinhloko ye-movie ethi" Cheingly Divorce "ka-1934. I-duet edumile kaFred Aster noGinger Roger idansa ngaphansi kwayo emculweni. Ngonyaka futhi kamuva, le ngoma yahlabana ngo-Oscar esiqokweni esithi "Ingoma Engcono" futhi yaba yingoma yokuqala yokunqoba kulesi sigaba. Kuze kube ngu-1935 lokhu kuqokwa akubanga khona.

Abathathi-nxaxheba abangochwepheshe baqaphela ukuthi umdanso wesiteji akunamikhawulo maqondana nokuhambisana nomculo. Lesi isitayela samahhala esingadlalwa sobabili ngamathayela wesimanje nawanamuhla. Akukhathalekile ukuthi bangaki abadansi abazobandakanyeka - munye, ababili noma bonke izidumbu ze-ballet. Kunoma ikuphi, umdanso we-tap ubukeka uthakazelisa futhi uyamangalisa.

Ingabe uyalithanda ikhasi? Yabelana nabangane bakho:

Indaba

Umdanso we-tap uqhamuka engxube yamasiko ahlukene, ngokuyinhloko umdanso wase-Ireland namasiko wokudansa wase-Afrika waseMelika. Yathandwa kakhulu e-USA, lapho amasiko amaningi asetshenziswa khona, kwathi ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 kuya kwele-20 kwavela umdanso omusha.

Ngo-1930 no-1940s, lesi sinyathelo sathola ukuthandwa okukhulu ngenxa yemidwebo yomculo yaseHollywood. UFred Astaire, uPaul Draper, uRay Bolger bakopishe izakhi zomdanso wesimanje kanye nokunyakaza kusuka ku-ballet yasendulo, ukuhlukanisa kanye nokucebisa ubuhle bomdanso. Ngokwemvelo, imfashini yokudansa ye-jazz yathandwa kakhulu, iyinikeza isithombe esisha nesisekelo esinzima kakhulu sesigqi nokusikisela komculo.

Ngeminyaka yo-1970, inzalo ku-steppe yavuseleleka futhi, ngenxa yokuthi umculo omdadlana ubuyiselwe e-USA, izikole zomdanso zaqala ukuvulwa kabusha. Elinye lamaqembu athandwa kakhulu emhlabeni adlala izinyathelo ezahlukahlukene ze-Ireland (isicoco sase-Ireland) yibhande elithi "Riverdance".

Ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20 nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21, isikhungo salo mdanso saphenduka i-USA, lapho uGregory Hines, uSeverion Glover, uJason Samuels-Smith nabanye basebenza khona.Ithepha lokubonisa iTap Dogs lazimemezela lona uqobo, elazama ukusebenzisa umdanso wesinyathelo ukuhambisa isigqi sezimboni zanamuhla zezimboni. idolobha.

E-USSR, umdanso awuzange ukujabulele ukuqashelwa ngokusemthethweni, kepha umdanso wokuthepha ukhona emafilimini: Ubusuku beCarnival, ubusika kusihlwa eGagra, Sisuka eJava. Naphezu kokuthandwa okunganele komdanso e-USSR, abaculi baseSoviet abadansa umdanso eGusakova bajabulela ukuthandwa.

Esikhaleni se-post-Soviet, isinyathelo sikhula ngenkuthalo. Owayengumfuyi wezitolo odumile waseMoskiya uVyachelav Yankovsky, uKonstantin Nevretdinov (umdlali owenza izinto ezandleni), uVladimir Kirsanov, u-Oleg Fedotkin, uPeter Kovalev eRostov-on-Don, uVladimir Shpudeyko eKiev, izakhamizi zase-Odessa u-Alexei Gilko, uSergey Ostapenko, u-Alexander Ostanin.

Zihlala kuphi izinyoni zokudansa kompompi endle?

• Zihlala kuphi izinyoni zokudansa kompompi? Thepha indawo yokuhlala endle ibanzi yanele. Ihlala emazwenikazi ahlukahlukene (ikakhulukazi ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho ze-Eurasia, North America, Greenland).
• Umbuzo uvame ukuvela - Thepha umdanso inyoni ezifudukayo noma cha? Ngokuya ngesimo sendawo, lezi zinyoni zingakwazi ukufuduka zombili futhi zizinze.
• Ensimini yeRussian Federation ungabona lezi zidalwa ku-tundra kanye ne-tundra yehlathi (ITransbaikalia, i-Ussuri Territory), eCrimea naseCaucasus. Maphakathi neRussia, lezi zinyoni zindiza kuphela ebusika.

• Ama-Tapta - izinyoni ezithanda amathikithingakho-ke, bazulazula bedlubbery, behamba emgqeni wamahlumela osogwini nasendaweni emanzi, enamanzi amaningi yotshani obude obuthuntu.
• Thepha umdanso ungabheki kuphela izidalwa ezingashukumi, kodwa empeleni, ngisho nososayensi abakwazi ukubikezela indlela yabo yokundiza nokuziphatha.

Izici zokuziphatha zomdanso we-tap ngemvelo

• Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, Umdanso we-tap - umhlambi wezinyoni, osebenza ngokweqile futhi ongaphoqeleli. Ngokubambisana bayashesha beyofuna ukudla, benganaki kakhulu izwe elingaphandle nezingozi zalo. Ngezinye izikhathi ubukhulu abantu abaphakeji bangaba ezinkulungwaneni.
• Bashesha ukujwayela abantu futhi bazama ukuthola inzuzo ephezulu kubo ngesimo sazo zonke izinhlobo zama “goodies”.
• Ngemuva kokuthola isihlahla noma isihlahla esinezithelo ezikulungele ukudliwa (amajikijolo, imbewu, ama-acorns noma ama-cone), ompompi -ads banamathela ngokoqobo emagatsheni awo, benza isigaxa esikhanyayo se-polyphonic esikhanyayo. Bangakwazi nokubamba ukudla ngokubambelela phansi! "Ukudla" okuningana okukhona esihlahleni, izinyoni eziningi zizosinekela.

• Thepha izanya zomdanso futhi babe nesifiso sokudla esihle, esibavumela ukuthi bakuthole kalula ukudla endle. Kusukela engxenyeni yezitshalo, bakhetha zonke izinhlobo zezilimo ezishiywe emantweni, ama-birch asencane kanye nama-alder catkins, izithelo nembewu yezihlahla nezihlahlana, bathanda ukudla izigaxa ze-conifer ngisho ne-heather.
• Izinambuzane ezincane zingumthombo wamaprotheni ezilwane wokudansa kompompi, futhi zithanda ukondla ama-aphid ezilwaneni ezisencane.
• Ukunakekela ikusasa lenzala yabo, ukudansa kompompi kufunda zifihla kufanele izidleke zazo emahlathini aphansi kodwa aminyene ngezihlahla nezihlahla ezincane. Okukhulu kunakho konke abakwithandayo hlala ku-birch noma ku-alder groows.

Mangaki aphile futhi enza kanjani ukuba izinyoni zohlobo lwe-tapdup zizale?

• Kubonakala umdanso wokushaya bakhuthele kakhulu empilweni yansuku zonke kangangokuba akunakwenzeka ukwandisa ukuhamba kwabo. Kepha ngesikhathi sokuzalela, ubuze babo banda kakhulu!
• Abesilisa baqala engaqondisi ujikeleze umhlambi, ulwela ukuheha ukunakwa kwabesifazane, amabala okusajingijolo emapulini abo aqhakaza futhi ashise ngqo elangeni.
• Umdanso wompompi wabesifazane futhi ukhuthale futhi “ukhulume”, ukhetha umlingani wokuphasa.

• Ngenkathi yehlobo, ama-tapas amabili angaletha inzalo kanye noma kabili, enze isidleke emathangeni amahlahla noma ezihlahleni eziphansi ngendlela yesitsha esibunjiwe ngodonga esenziwe ngezinto ezithuthukisiwe - hay, amabala otshani, amahlumela, phansi, izimpaphe noboya.
• Ngo ngobunono isidleke esisontekile ukubambezeleka ngu amaqanda amahlanu kuya kwayisikhombisa anombala oluhlaza okotshani amagobolondo anephethini eliyinkimbinkimbi eliyinkimbinkimbi ekugcineni ekugcineni. Ukubambeka kuthatha amasonto amabili, kuthi lapho owesilisa azitholele yena kanye nonina esizayo.
• Izinsana ezincikene hlala esidlekeni sabo somdabuko cishe amanye amasonto amabili, phakathi kwalokho ubaba nonina babaphethe ukudla.
• Bese-ke baqala ukwenza izindiza zokuhlola beyofuna izinambuzane nokudla kwezitshalo, beduka besiya emhlambini omncane.

• Thepha umdanso bukhoma endle kuze kube seminyakeni engu-8 ubudala, futhi nasekhaya bangakwazi nokugubha iminyaka eyishumi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izici zokuziphatha zokuguga azithinti.

Umdanso omdala kakhulu wokuphepha onobudala obulinganiselwe wakwazi ukusinda ngosuku lokuzalwa lwawo lwe-12 izinyanga ezimbili.