Ikholomu - isilwane esinegazi futhi esidukisayo esihlasela ngisho nokukhanda, asikho emthethweni ekudleni, sichitha imicibisholo emincane, izinyoni, izinyoka, amasele nezinhlanzi, singena emanzini ngenxa yalaba bantu, sizingela ebusuku.

Ikholomu ifinyelela amasentimitha angama-30 kuya kwengama-40 ubude, inomsila we-fluffy, umbala wejazi ubomvu obomvu, uphuzi ehlobo, izindebe nezimbobo zimhlophe.

Ikholomu ihlala emaqeleni nasehlathini, imvamisa ngababili, ihlela umgodi ngaphansi kwezingodo, amatshe nakwezinye izindawo ezisithekile, imvama igibela ezakhiweni ihlasele izinkukhu.

Chofoza esithombeni ukuze usivule ngosayizi ogcwele.

Ikholomu - isilwane esidabukisayo somndeni wakwaKunyi, i-oda leCarnivorous. Izithombe nguConifa, isithombe siguquliwe (sashintshelwa indawo) futhi siyatholakala ngaphansi kwelayisensi ye-CC BY-SA 2.0.

Idla izinduku, izinyoni namaqanda ayo, amasele, izinambuzane, ngezikhathi ezithile zibamba izinhlanzi. Umbhali walesi sithombe nguDibyendu Ash, isithombe sishintshiwe (sashintshwa salesi siza) futhi sinamalayisense ngaphansi kwe-CC BY-SA 4.0.

Ebusika, ngoDisemba nangoJanuwari amakholomu athambekele ekubonakaliseni ubusika. I-estrus yenzeka ngoFebhuwari, futhi ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli kanye ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, insikazi iletha ama-2-3, kuyaqabukela ama-4s. Ezitheni zamakholomu kuvikelwe ukukhipha kwe-fetid kwezindlala ze-anal.

ESiberia, amakholomu asatshalaliswa ukusuka eLwandlekazi iPacific kuye eTyumen; enyakatho ifinyelela ku-66 ° C. sh., etholakala e-Amur nase-Ussuri Territory, eKamchatka naseSakhalin akekho.

Ingabe unemibuzo noma unayo into ongayisho? Shiya umbono wakho lapha!

Cunyi

• Ama-Bad Bad American ( Amatekisi )
• Amabheji ( UMelinae )
• I-Otter ( ULutrinae )
• Cunyi ( I-Mustelinae )
• Ibheji lezinyosi ( UMellivorinae )

Cunyi, noma ukholo (lat. Mustelidae) - umndeni wezilwane ezincelisayo ze-oda lokuphanga. Zingenye yezinhlobo ezicebe kakhulu zemindeni. Ubukhulu bokubulawa kwabazingeli bancane kakhulu. I-Kunim ifaka ama-martens, ama-mink, ama-otter, amabheji, ama-ferrets nabanye. Ama-Cunyas ayakwazi ukuzivumelanisa kahle nezimo ezahlukahlukene, ngakho-ke amelelwa kuzo zonke izingxenye zomhlaba.

Incazelo ejwayelekile

Umndeni unezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-50. Izinhlobo, ezihlangene emndenini we-marten, ziyahlukahluka kakhulu ekwakhekeni komzimba, indlela yokuphila kanye nezici eziguqukayo emvelweni. Umndeni ufaka phakathi izinyamazane ezincane (ezincane kakhulu ngokulandelana) noma izisulu eziphakathi nendawo. Ubude bomzimba ukusuka ku-11 (caress encane) kuya ku-150 cm (sea otter), isisindo kusuka ku-25 g kuya ku-45 kg. Abesilisa ngokwesilinganiso bakhulu ngama-25% kunabesifazane. Umzimba uvame ukuba mude kakhulu, uguquguqukayo, umfishane kakhulu, umkhulu (ibheji, i-wolverine). Imilenze imfushane, umunwe-noma ukuma-ukuhamba, kunamacici amahlanu. Izipikili azikwazi ukubuyiselwa, kwezinye izinhlobo kukhona imigoqo yesikhumba (ulwelwesi) phakathi kweminwe. Izinyawo zamalembe zimbozwe izinwele, zinemicamelo engenalutho, noma zeze ngokuphelele. E-otter yolwandle, izinyawo ziguqulwa kakhulu: imilenze yangemuva iguqulwe yaba izicucu, neminwe yangaphambili imfishane futhi ixhumeke.

Ikhanda lihlala lincane, entanyeni emfushane kodwa ephathekayo. Amehlo aphakathi nendawo noma makhulu. Izindlebe zincane, azivamile ukuba zikhulu, zinamaphawu ayindilinga. Ezinhlanzini zasemanzini, ama-auricles ancishiswa kakhulu. Uboya buvame ukuba mnene, buthambe, bube ne-undercoat ethambile. Umbala woboya uhlukile: icacile, ithoni ezimbili, inemibala, inebala. Ukuqina nobulukhuni bejazi kuyahlukahluka kuye ngesizini, kuyilapho umbala wemibala ebusika iba mhlophe qhwa. Ugebhezi mncane, enesigaba sobuso esifushane nobuchopho obuvubeziwe. Amafomu amakhulu athuthukise izimbotshana ngokuqinile kugebhezi. Izisekelo zamehlo zivame ukuba zinkulu. Inani lamazinyo lihluke kakhulu ku-genera ehlukile, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yama-ankle nasema-molars. Ku-otter yolwandle kuphela, ukwehla kwamazinyo kuya kuma-32 kwenzeka ngenxa yokuncishiswa kwekhanda lezinto ezimbalwa eziphansi. Ama-fangs namazinyo adliwayo athuthukiswa kakhulu. Indawo yokuhlafunwa kwama-molars ingaba nezindwangu ezibukhali noma ezifiphele. Isibalo samazinyo singama-28-38.

Indlela yokuphila

Phakathi kwabamele lo mndeni kunezinhlobo zomhlaba, zokhuni, ezasemanzini futhi ezicishe zifane namanzi. Hlala izindawo ezihluke kakhulu, uhlangana kusukela eTundra uye ogwadule futhi usuka onyaweni lwezintaba kuya ezintabeni eziphakeme. Njengomthetho, bahola indlela yokuphila eyedwa, kwesinye isikhathi zigcinwa yimindeni futhi kuyaqabukela kwakha amaqembu amancane. Isibonelo, engxenyeni yebanga labo, amabhulukwe ahlala emaqenjini abesilisa nabesifazane abaningana, kuyilapho kwezinye abantu - ngababili noma bebodwa.

Ngohlobo lokudla kwazo, izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ezidla ezinye, kepha futhi zidla ukudla kwezitshalo. Abanye bavame ukuba ngama-omnivorous. Zidla ikakhulu izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, ama-otter adla izinhlanzi, ama-crustaceans nama-invertebrates asemanzini. Izinhlobo zeGenus UMatela futhi ama-wolverines athela ngokudla. Njengomthetho, ama-marten aphile impilo yokuhlala. Imvamisa, bemba imisele. Iyasebenza ebusuku, ngokwengxenye kusihlwa. Kwemizwa, ukuzwa kuthuthukiswa kangcono, futhi abanye banomqondo wokuhogela.

Izinhlobo eziningi zinesithembu. Nikeza isizini ethile, imvamisa ihlala izinyanga ezi-3-4. Ama-canine amaningi abonakala ngokulibaziseka kokufakwa kombungu, okuhlala izinyanga ezi-10 (ibheji). Ukukhulelwa uqobo kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-30 kuye kwezingu-65. Ngonyaka, izinsikazi zinika udoti owodwa, lapho kukhona amawundlu angama-1-14. Amacuba azalwa eyimpumputhe futhi enqunu, omama bayabanakekela izinyanga ezi-2. Ukuthomba ezilwaneni ezisencane kwenzeka phakathi kwezinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili nengu-2. Isikhathi sokuphila ngokwemvelo sisukela eminyakeni emi-5 kuye kwengama-20.

Umthelela We-ecosystem

Ama-Cunyas anomthelela omkhulu ezinkukhweni zezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, ikakhulukazi amagundane nezinyoni. Ezinye izinhlobo (ngokwesibonelo, ama-otter olwandle) zingenye yezisulu eziphambili kuma-biotopes abo. Amabheji wezinyosi asebudlelwaneni bokuhlangana ngasikhathi sinye nabantu nezinyoni ezikhomba uju (Inkomba yenkomba), ngosizo abafuna izinyosi zezinyosi.

Bona-ke bona, abahlaseli baba izisulu zabazingeli abakhulu, imvamisa, izimpisi, izinyoka ezinkulu, izinyoni zasemini ezidla inyama nezikhova. Ezinye izinhlobo zisebenzisa imfihlo ye-caustic yezindlala zezinhlayiya ukuthusa izitha, kanye nokuxwayisa (aposematic) coloring.

Umndeni kaKunih: abamele

Siqala ukuchaza izilwane ngomhlaseli onjengo-weasel. Unomzimba omude, omfishane, oguquguqukayo. Ubude bawo obuphakathi ngamasentimitha angamashumi amabili. Ihlala cishe kuyo yonke insimu yezwe elaliyiSoviet Union. Isisindo isilinganiso sama-gramu ayi-70.

Kutholakala lapho kuhlala khona amagundane, okungukuthi, emasimini phakathi kwezihlahlana nokhula. Ehlobo nasebusika, ungabona uthando olukhulelwe noma olusanda kuzalwa olunezingane. Kwelitha elilodwa isilinganiso sama-6 cubs.

U-Ermine

I-ermine iyafana ngokubukeka kuthando, ubude bomzimba bubalelwa kuma-30 cm.

Lesi silo sidla inyama, sidla amagundane. Kwesinye isikhathi kudambisa izidleke. Ezikhathini ezilambile, zingadla amasele, uma engekho, khona-ke udoti namajunipha amajikijolo. Kukhishwa kanye ngonyaka, isikhathi sokukhulelwa cishe izinyanga eziyi-9.5. Isilinganiso samawola amahlanu kwilitha ngalinye.

Lowo omele usebenza ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene zosuku.

Solongoy

Kubukeka njengesilwane esinye isilwane esincanyana somndeni we-marten. Lesi silo sibizwa ngokuthi i-solonga. Ukhulu omncane, ugqoke uboya obuthuntuzekile. Ubude bomzimba bungamasentimitha angama-30. Idla ama-voles nezinye izilwane ezincane, ngisho nama-muskrats. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izibankwa nezinyoni kufakiwe ekudleni. Ebusika, ukukhula komzimba kwenzeka, isikhathi sokukhulelwa siyinyanga. Kunamalitha angaba mathathu kuye noma amane kwilitha.

Qhwa

Uma ucabanga ngomndeni we-marten, umuntu angeke akwazi ukusiza kepha khumbula nge-mink yaseMelika neyaseYurophu. Lezi zilwane ziyashona futhi zibhukuda kahle. Ngaphandle, i-mink ifana nekholamu.

I-European ingaphansi kweMelika. Ubude bomzimba wakhe bungamasentimitha angama-40. IMisa alikho ngaphezu kwamakhilogremu nohhafu. Yini enye ehlukanisa lezi zinhlobo ezimbili ze-mink? Ukwakheka kwamazinyo nogebhezi.

I-Mink ihlala eduze kwemizimba yamanzi enamanzi aguquliwe, isuthisa ngamagundane amancane, ama-muskrats, amasele, njll.

Mate entwasahlobo, namanje kuseqhweni. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa sithatha isilinganiso sezinsuku ezingamashumi amahlanu. Njengomthetho, kunamawundlu ayisishiyagalolunye kwilitha, yize kukhona amanye.

Izinso

Amacala asondele kakhulu kwizinkambiso. Baziwa ngezinhlobo ezintathu: i-steppe, enezinyawo ezimnyama nezinsundu. Owokuqala mkhulu kunabo bonke, ubude bomzimba bufika ku-56 cm, isisindo kufika kuma-kg amabili. Amaciko amnyama amancane amancane. Ubude bomzimba wabo buyi-48 cm, futhi isisindo asikho ngaphezu kwe-1.5 kg

Isisekelo sokudla okunempilo kuzo zonke izinhlobo ezintathu singamagundane. I-Ferret emnyama, njengomthetho, inika izintandokazi kumagundane nama-voles, kanye ne-steppe - kuma-hamsters nama-gophers. Izinja ze-Meadow yilokho okuthandwa yiBlackfoot.

La malungu omndeni (ikakhulukazi ama-steppe) ahlala eduze kwamachibi nemifula.

Martens

Manje sizokhuluma ngamatshe nepayini martens. Lezi zilwane zikhulu kakhulu kune-ferrets. Ubude bomzimba wetshe le-marten bubalelwa ku-45 cm, futhi ubunzima abudluli kuma-2,5 kg. Ihlathi lincane. Ubude bomzimba wakhe bubalelwa ku-44 cm, futhi isisindo sisukela ku-750 kuya ku-1500 amagremu. Umzimba we-marten uqinile, uyamamatheka, izindlebe zikhulu, zakhiwe. Umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ngokwakhiwa kwamazinyo nogebhezi. Umbono oseningizimu ngaphezulu kufakwa itshe.

Njengoba igama lisho, ihlathi lihlala emahlathini anezinhlabathi ezimnyama futhi ezixubile. Kwesinye isikhathi itshe lihlala endaweni enjalo, kepha kaningi liyabonakala emadwaleni angenamsebenzi. Njengomthetho, bayasebenza ebusuku, yize ungahlangana nabo phakathi nosuku.

Iphinifa marten idla izinduku, kwesinye isikhathi ihhashi. Itshe lidla ngendlela efanayo, kepha ukudla kwesitshalo kuthatha isabelo sebhubesi ekudleni kwalo. IGon ivela enkathini kaJuni-Agasti. Isilinganiso samawundlu amahlanu sizalwa kudoti

Kuyathunyelwa

ISable iyisilwane esidume kakhulu esinomzimba onothile kanye nomsila omfushane kahle. Ubude bomzimba obuphakathi buyi-44 cm. Uboya besable bukhulu, bumnyama. Idla ekudleni kwezilwane nasezitshalweni. Ehlobo basadla izinambuzane. Amawundlu eSable azalwa ngo-Ephreli-Meyi. Ngokwesilinganiso, kuzalwa ezinhlanu.

Harza

Lesi silo sikhulu impela, sinesakhiwo somzimba esiyingqayizivele, umbala uqhakazile. Ubude bomzimba bufinyelela amasentimitha ayisishiyagalombili, futhi isisindo siphezulu kuze kube ngamakhilogremu amahlanu nesigamu. Isilo sihlala emahlathini axutshwe nawokuxubana. IHarza idla izinduku, izinhlanzi, amajikijolo namantongomane. Kwesinye isikhathi kuhlasela ikholomu futhi kushehe.

Ikholamu yencazelo

Lesi silwane esincane ngobude sifinyelela amasentimitha angama-48-66 ngomsila waso, futhi sinesisindo esingu-800 amagremu. Umzimba uqinile. Ikhanda lincane, imilenti ifinyeziwe, ulwelwesi lukhule kahle phakathi kwabo.

Isibalo sikhombe, intamo iyavumelana nezimo, nezindlebe zibukhali. Umsila muhle, u-fluffy, ubude bawo bucishe bube yingxenye yobude bomzimba - cishe amasentimitha ayi-18-21. Izindlala ze-ductal zitholakala ngaphansi komsila, lapho kukhululwa imfihlo enephunga elingathandeki.

Umbala woboya ubomvu buffy. Ebusika, likhulu futhi lithambile, ikakhulukazi emsileni. Ebusweni kunensimu emdaka ebizwa ngokuthi imaski. Izindebe zivezwa umucu omhlophe obukhali. Ehlobo “lokugqoka” lasehlobo lekholomu libukeka linciphile ngokwedlulele, uboya abuphekiwe, bunamathele emzimbeni. Izinyawo zimhlophe-zimhlophe. Ukuhlanza kwenzeka ngoMashi-Meyi.

Amakholamu (uMustela sibirica).

Izici nendawo yokuhlala

USomlomo - Isilwane kufika ku-50 cm ubude, okuvela kuwo umsila cishe okwesithathu. Isilwane sinesisindo esimaphakathi kwama-700-800 g.Umzimba ubude, ubonakala ngokuguquguquka okukhethekile nokuhamba. Imilenze emifushane enama-membranes akhule kahle, amehlo abonakalayo esihlakaleni esikhombe, izindlebe ezincane eziyindilinga.

Uboya obuhle ukuziqhenya okukhethekile komhlali we-taiga. Bubbly anemibala ebusika, ne-tint ebomvu, ijika liphuzi mnyama lapho ihlobo lifika. Uboya emsileni bugcwele kakhulu ngombala kunasemuva noma esiswini.

Isigaxa sihlotshiswe ngamabala amhlophe abonakalayo ekhaleni kanye nesifihlwa esimnyama emehlweni. Umbala wesiliva ezinyaweni emilenzeni yesilwane noboya obukhanyayo baphansi bugcizelela ubuhle bejazi loboya.

Ubungako boboya buhlukahluka ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka: ubukhazikhazi nobumbano kujwayelekile ngenkathi ebandayo, futhi ehlobo uboya buyivelakancane futhi bufushane kunobusika. Ikholomu ihlala ezindaweni eziseMpumalanga Ekude, amahlathi ase-Ural, izindawo ze-taiga zaseSiberia, Primorye, Yakutia. Akuvamile kakhulu engxenyeni yeYurophu yezwe lethu. Bayayazi ikholamu e-China, Japan, eNhlonhlo yeKorea.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwezindawo ezahlukahlukene kuya ngokuthi kukhona amahlathi ahlanganayo noma aqobayo ngobuningi bamagundane, namachibi agqunywe izihlahla, lapho kukhona isivunguvungu somoya kanye nokhuni olushonile. Isilwane sigwema izikhala ezivulekile, sithanda ama-taiga aminyene emithambekeni yezintaba noma emfuleni. Itholakala emagqumeni aze afike ku-1600 m ngaphezu kolwandle.

Kunamakholamu ezindaweni ezihlalwa ngabantu, lapho akhangwa yinkukhu khona kanye nokuba khona kwezigundane namagundane. Umhlangano onekholamu ezindaweni zokuhlala, emaphethelweni amadolobha noma amasimu aseduze yinto eye kwenzeka kaningi ehlotshaniswa nokufuduka okuphoqekile kusuka indlala kanye nokulahlekelwa kokuqapha.

Emvelweni, isilwane sinezitha eziningi. Eyokuqala iyakwazi ukugcwala, ikhungathe umgqugquzeli wayo wokudla kusuka kumasimu athuthukile. Izinyamazane ezinezilwane ezinamaphiko zizingela kule kholamu: oklebe, izikhova, izinkozi, izikhova. Kufanele sifihle ekuhlaselweni kwama-lynxes, izimpungushe, izimpisi, izidenge.

Ikholomu Habitat

Indawo yokusatshalaliswa kwalezi zilwane ihlanganisa, njengomthetho, amahlathi ase-Asia angaphansi, umucu oseningizimu weSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude. Eminyakeni yamuva, uhla lwabo eYakutia lukhuphuke ogwini lwase-Okhotsk. Izinsika zensimbi ku-Urals ziningi ikakhulukazi.

Lezi zilwane ezincane ezihlala kakhulu zihlala kakhulu ekuxhumaneni kwamahlathi emfuleni, futhi zivikele izikhala ezivulekile.

Izikhulumi zihlala ezigodini zemifula emincane, ngasogwini lapho amahlathi axubile akhula khona, kube nesiphepho somoya nokuwa. Kutholakala phakathi kwababeki bamatshe ababenezimbali. Izintabeni zikhuphuka zifinyelele kumamitha ayi-1400 kuya ku-1700. Kakhulu, amakholomu ahlala emahlathini zikaphayini, ezingxenyeni zezikhukhula nangaphandle kwamachibi. Futhi, zivame ukutholakala emaphethelweni amasimu, emadolobhaneni ngisho nasemadolobheni amancane.

Ukusakazwa kwekholomu

Isikhathi sokukholamulela amakholomu senzeka kusukela ngoMashi kuya ku-Ephreli. Ngalesi sikhathi, izilwane zisebenza kakhulu futhi azinakuphumula. Bazingela okuncane, abesilisa bahlala bejaha izinsikazi.

Umsila wekholomu ubushelelezi ebusika, ucishe ufane nembumbulu, ubude bawo bungaphezu kwengxenye yomzimba.

Owesifazane uphila impilo ecashile nezingane zakhe. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga. Ukuzala kwamakholomu kuphakeme. Inyanga ngayinye, insikazi ibeletha cishe ama-6-10 amawundlu. Uma izingane ezisuka kuzelwe zokuqala zifa, insikazi iyakwazi ukuphinda ishade futhi ibelethe kulo nyaka. Izipikha ezisanda kuzalwa ziyimpumputhe futhi zinqunu, isisindo sazo asidluli kumagremu ayi-7.

Izikhulumi zingomama abakhathalelayo abavikela inzalo yabo.

Intsha ithola izici zokufaka imibala ngenyanga yokuqala yempilo: izinwele zazo ezingwevu ziyaguquka kancane zibe nsundu, bese kuvela “isimaski” esibonakalayo esihlokweni. Umama uyeka ukondla amabisi amawundlu ngasekupheleni kwenyanga yesibili, ekuqaleni kwekwindla asevele afinyelela usayizi wabantu abadala. Ngalesi sikhathi, baqala ukuziphilela bodwa.

Abantu abasha enyangeni yokuqala yokuphila baguqula umbala wejazi loboya kusuka ko-grey baba nsundu, bese kuvela “umaskhi” ovela esihlungwini.

Inani lamakholomu

E-taiga, lezi zidlova ezincane zivame kahle. Kwesinye isikhathi izikhulumi zilimaza imboni yenkukhu, lapho zifika egcekeni, zingadla izinkukhu noma amadada amaningana. Kepha amakholomu, njengawo wonke ama-marten amancane, alusizo ngoba acekela phansi izinduku eziyingozi ezingadini nasemizaneni.

Uhlanga lwamakholomu luthokozelwa kakhulu; lusetshenziswa ngendlela yalo yemvelo noma njengesibonelo semikhiqizo ebiza kakhulu.

Ngeminyaka yama-30s, kwenziwa imizamo yokugcina amakholomu emapulazini. Amakholomu angagcinwa ekudingisweni ngoba awagijimeli endle. Kepha bona, njengawo wonke amanye amathile, bathathelwa indawo yi-mink yaseMelika, ethandwa kakhulu ngoboya bayo. Izipikha zivuthwa ngokushesha futhi zize zinikelwe ezandleni.

I-subspecies kaMustela sibirica coreana ihlala eKorea. Lezi zilwane zihlukaniswa yigebhezi elikhudlwana nombala ogqamile woboya obusika.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.

Inani lomuntu

Cishe wonke ama coon anenani lentengiso, anikeza uboya obalulekile (ikakhulukazi ama-martens, ama-otter, ama-solable, ama-otter olwandle, i-American mink). Zisebenza njengezinto zokuzingela, ezinye izinhlobo zidotshwa emapulazini oboya noma zikhuliswe ngemvelo. Izinso (UMatela putorius) babephathisiwe.Izinhlobo eziningi ziyasiza njengabacibisheli bamagundane ayingozi nezinambuzane, izinhlobo ezithile zomndeni zingalimaza izinkukhu, ukulima izinhlanzi (i-otter), ukuzingela, kanye nezifo ezithathelanayo. Ngakho-ke, ibheji liyindawo yokugcina yemvelo yesifo sofuba i-bovine, esidluliselwa ezinkomeni kanye nokuphuma kwazo. Kwezinye izindawo kufinyelela kuma-20% wabantu ababi abangenwe yileli gciwane. UKunyi naye uhlushwa yisifo samarabi.

Ngenxa yokushushiswa okusebenzayo komuntu, ezindaweni eziningi, abafel 'ukholo banciphisa ububanzi babo noma banyamalala ngokuphelele. Cishe ama-38% ezinhlobo zomndeni abhalwe ku-International Red Book (ngokwesilinganiso, le nkomba yezilwane ezincelisayo ingu-15%). Izinhlobo ezisengozini zisengozini: Colombian weasel (Latin Mustela felipei), European mink (Latin Mustela lutreola), Javanese ikholamu (Latin Mustela lutreolina), sea otter (Latin Lat. Lontra felina), sea otter (Lat. Enhydra lutris) kanye no-giant otter (lat. Pteronura brasiliensis). I-sea mink ifile vele esikhathini somlando. I-fat-foot-fret ibhekwa njengesihlobo esiyinyama ngokuphelele endle, yize kwenziwe imizamo yokuthi iphinde iqiniswe.

Ukuhlukaniswa

Ngokwesibalo sezinhlobo nohlobo, umndeni wokukholwa yiwona omkhulu kunawo wonke kuhlobo lokudla okubandayo. Inezinhlobo eziphilayo ezingama-56-60 emikhayeni engama-8 engezansi. Umnotho womndeni awukakhiwa ngokuphelele. Kuze kube muva nje, ama-skunk nawo abalwa ngawo, manje aqanjwa njengomndeni ohlukile we-skunk (lat. Mephitidae). Isimo sezinye i-taxa (ngokwesibonelo, ama-wolverines) naso siyimpikiswano, ngenkathi izifundo zamangqamuzana zep panda encane, ezihlukaniswa njenge-raccoon, zikhombisa ukusondela kwaso njengemidwebo emibi (lat. Mydaus).

Character kanye nendlela yokuphila

Izipikha ikakhulukazi ebusuku. Umsebenzi kwenzeka phakathi kokuhlwa nangemva kokushona kwelanga. Ukucinga ukudla akunqunyelwe ezindaweni ezithile, isilwane singakhuphuka siye ku-10 km noma ngaphezulu, uma ukuzingela kudinga ukuhamba uma ufuna inyamazane.

Ebusuku ungabona ikholomu ebomvu ekhazimulayo ebukeka kahle ifuna izinduku phakathi kwezimpande zezihlahla eziseziseleni ezilahliwe. Izakhamizi zemifula nazo ziba yisisulu sesilwane esinoboya esingabhukuda kahle. Imvamisa, amagundane amanzi, ama-muskrats noma izinhlanzi zasemfuleni ziwela kwizibuko eziyishumi zamakholamu.

Ebusika, umzingeli ukhombisa ubuqili namandla okwenza indlela yakhe ngaphansi kwesiembozo seqhwa amabanga amade afike kumamitha angama-50. I-Capercaillie ne-grouse ecashe ebusuku kunganuka futhi kusheshe kufinyelele izinyoni.

Isibindi, ilukuluku lokufuna ukwazi, ikhono lokukhuphuka masinyane kunoma iyiphi imigodi nemigwaqo, uhambisane nendawo enezindawo ezinamatshe amaningi, ukugibela izihlahla nezinsika zamatshe zihlukaniswa yikholamu yokuzingela ekhaliphile.

Izilwane azizimaki izingosi zazo. Bahlala ezindlini ezihlala ama-chipmunks, ama-voles asensimini, imigodi elahliwe noma ngaphansi kwamagatsha ezihlahla eziwile naphezu kwemithi yezihlahla eziwile. Ngaphezu kwendawo yokukhosela yaphakade, isilwane sinezindawo ezimbalwa zesikhashana, lapho sicasha khona ngokwesidingo.

Ngezikhathi zesimo sezulu esibanda kakhulu, singalala phansi futhi singaphumi izinsuku eziningana endaweni yokukhosela efudumele. Ngemuva kwalokho ukuzingela kuhlehliswa kube yisikhathi sasemini ngenxa yamafrimu aqhekeka ebusuku. Amakholomu ahamba ngezinyawo nangemingcele. Ikholomu yezwi iyafana nemisindo eyenziwe i -retret: i-kurping noma uhlobo lwe-tweet. Ngokucasulwa bakhipha izingoma ezibucayi ngekhwela.

Umsoco

Isisekelo sokudla kwamakholomu sifaka izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane: amajezi, amagundane, ama-chipmunks, amaphayiphu, ama-squirrels, kwesinye isikhathi amahashi. Yize ukudla ukudla kwezilwane kuyinto egcwele, emanzini, ahamba amakhilomitha amaningi ukusuka ogwini, ayadoba futhi azingele ama-muskrats, adla ngamasele, izinambuzane nezibungu, acosha u-carrion nokuthi yini ewela lapho kukhishwa izinyamazane ezinkulu.

Ebusika, inyoni iyazingelwa ngaphansi kweqhwa, ilele emigodini yeqhwa - amabala kanye ne-grouse, i-grouse emnyama. Isilwane esidala futhi esidukisayo sifuna inyamazane, linqoba ubukhulu beqhwa.

Ngesikhathi sokuvuna, amantongomane namajikijolo ayajatshulelwa nawo. Indlala isiphoqa ukuthi sisondele lapho kuhlala khona umuntu futhi sonakalise amagumbi okugcina kanye namachibi ezitolo. Ukuhlaselwa kwenkukhu kuvamile. Ngokungafani nesable, akaqaphi inyamazane, kepha uyihlasela masinyane.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lesi silwane sisebenzisa inyamazane, ngesinye isikhathi siyedlula ngosayizi. Umphikisi wokudla oyinhloko kukholomu uyabonakala, ngakho-ke bakhulula insiza uma kuvela umgadli, aqonde izindawo ezintsha.

Ukufuna ukudla kwenziwa ikakhulu ebusuku. Uma kungenzeka ukubamba isisulu, ikholomu siyidonsela endaweni eqoqekile noma endaweni yokuphephela, kepha ingayidli lapho izingela khona. Amacala okugcwala kwemvelo phakathi kwezilwane ayachazwa, lapho isilwane esisodwa siwela ogibeni, kanti esinye sisebenzise lesi simo.

Ukuzala kabusha nokuphila isikhathi eside

Izipikha zodwa, isikhathi sokuphindaphindeka kwabantu sivela ku-Mashi kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Ephreli. Abesilisa balwela owesimame, balwa nolaka.

Ukuzalela kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-30 ukuya kwengama-40, kwesinye isitshudeni esisodwa kusuka ku-4 kuye ku-10 cubs. Owesifazane ulungiselela ukubukeka kwawo ngokuhlela isidleke noma umhume kusuka koboya, amaqabunga, utshani obomile.

Izikhulumi zingomama abakhathalelayo abanakekela izingane. Ekuqaleni abadingi nje kuphela ukondla ubisi, kodwa futhi nemfudumalo, ngoba izalwe inqunu. Ukubandayo kungonakalisa izingane.

Owesifazane akavamisile ukuphuma esidlekeni, eyokuzingela kuphela. Isidleke esiyindilinga simbozwe ngama-mosses noma ngotshani obomile. Kungakapheli nenyanga, inzalo ikhula ngenkuthalo: amehlo evulekile, izinwele ziyavela, imaskhi enesimo iyavela esihlathini. Ukondliwa kokudla kwezilwane kuyaqala: namagundane amancane, izinambuzane.

Abesilisa abanendaba namawundlu. Ngokwindla, izingane zithola inkululeko ngaphansi kokunakekelwa kwabesifazane futhi zibe nesifiso, zishiya isidleke. Isikhathi sokuphila kwekholomu ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo asidluli iminyaka engama-2-4. Ekudingisweni, leli gama lenyuka liye eminyakeni engu-8-9.

Kuyamangaza lokho izikhulumi uthambile, uzimisele thenga isilwane futhi uyihlalise. Iba kalula. Emapulazini bekukhona imizamo yokuzalela amakholomu ukuze kutholwe izikhumba zoboya, ezibalulekile phakathi kwezinye. Kepha kwezentengiselwano i-mink iwine, izindleko zazo ziphakeme.

Incazelo Nezici

Amakholomu abantu abadala akhula afike ku-50 cm ubude, kuwo ongu-1/3 umsila. Isisindo somzimba wesilwane kuyaqabukela seqi ku-800 g. Isilwane esincane sinemilenze emifushane, isizalo esikhonjiwe, amehlo amakhulu nogqamile, nezindlebe ezimise okwindilinga. Ikholomu inomzimba ophakeme, oguqukayo futhi oshukumisayo. Ukuziqhenya okukhethekile kwesilwane uboya bayo obuhle, obuguqula umbala kuye ngesikhathi sonyaka. Ngakho-ke, ebusika, i-hairline yezilwane ezincelisayo i-buffy ene-tint ebomvu ebunjiwe. Ebusweni, amabala anombala omhlophe nesikhumba esimnyama esiyingqayizivele esizungeze amehlo siyabonakala.

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Uboya be-Itatsi buyehluka nangesizini. Ebusika, uboya buphakeme futhi bukhulu, ehlobo - bufushane futhi bumfushane.

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Izikhulumi zithanda izindawo ezingahle zithathwe. Isilwane sikhangwa ikakhulukazi ubukhona bamagundane, izinkukhu kanye namagundane. Endle, izilwane ezincelisayo zithanda ukuhlala eduze kwamahlathi acekeceke noma aqinile lapho kutholakala khona namagundane amaningi. Izikhala ezivulekile azikhangi nge-itatsi; zithanda i-taiga eminyene etholakala ngasemfuleni noma eceleni kwentaba.

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Ukuziphatha kwezilwane

Amakholamu ayizilwane zasebusuku. Bayazingela ngokuhlwa futhi abanqunyelwe ezindaweni ezithile. Izilwane ezincelisayo zingakwazi ukuhamba ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayi-10 ngasikhathi. Ebusuku, iso lesilwane likhanya kancane ngombala obomvu. Izipikha zingabazingeli abahle kakhulu futhi zibamba ngempumelelo inyamazane ngakhale ngesikhathi sasebusika. Bayakwazi ukwenza indlela yabo ngaphansi kweqhwa kuze kufike ku-50 cm ngokujula.

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Amakholomu awazakhi izimbobo zawo. Zihlala ezindaweni ezishiywe dengwane, noma zitholakala ezinqwabelweni zokhuni olufile, ngaphansi kwamagatsha ezihlahla. Izilwane zinezindawo zokukhosela eziningana lapho ziphumula khona, kuya ngesifiso sazo nendawo yazo. Izikhulumi azizifihli, ngoba zibanda kakhulu ezindaweni zokugcina ezifudumele, ezingase zingaphumi izinsuku eziningana. Ukufika endaweni efanele, isilwane senza gxuma ngokushesha.

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Lapho izilwane zicasulwa, zikhipha umsindo ohambisana nekhwela. "Izwi" lesilwane lifana nokukhala noma ukuhudula.

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