Abezimo eziphuthumayo bomuzi wasePakistan iKarachi basuse inkomo nenkunzi ophahleni lwesakhiwo esinezitezi ezine. Ngokubika kwe Daily Daily, izilwane zahlala lapho iminyaka emine.

Abatakuli babiza umnikazi walezi zilwane. Ngokusho kwakhe, inkomo nenkunzi zikhulu kakhulu ukuba zehle izitebhisi ngokwazo. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngenxa yentuthuko eminyene, kwakungekho ndawo emhlabeni kubo. Ngenxa yalokhu, izilwane kwakudingeka zikhishwe zisebenzisa umqhele. Akukho lutho olwaziwayo ngekusasa labo eliqhubekayo.

Kepha e-American Connecticut, insizakalo yezimo eziphuthumayo kwakudingeka isonge squirrel eyayigcinwe engilazini yepulasitiki. Ama-squirrel angama-Crazy athola ukwesaba ngabadlulayo. Kungenzeka ukukhulula ama-rodent kuphela emzameni wesibili.

ON ISAZISO
Esakhiweni esakhiwa eBrazil, abasebenzi bathola i-anaconda enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ubude bawo budlula amamitha ayishumi.
Inyoka le ibisendaweni yokwakhiwa kwesiteshi samandla kagesi i-Belo Monti hydroelectric. Kuze kube manje, inyoka ende kunazo zonke ezake yabanjwa ibhekwa njenge-anaconda etholakala eKansas City. Ngokusho kokungena kweGuinness Book of Record, ubude bayo babu ngamamitha ayi-67 cm. Ngendlela, izinhlobo ezine ze-anacondas zihlala eMhlabeni - iBolivian, amabala amnyama, anacondas aphuzi nohlaza. Lezi zilwane zingaphezulu kwephiramidi lokudla futhi azikapheli. Usongo lobukhona babo buhlala busetshenziselwa ukugawulwa kwamahlathi nokuzingela.

KUBALULEKILE
Izindlovu zase-Afrika zalahlekelwa yingxenye yesine yabantu. Ngokwe-International Union for Conservation of Nature, eminyakeni eyi-10 nje, isibalo sezilwane sehle ngabantu abayizinkulungwane eziyi-111, okungukuthi, cishe izindlovu eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-415 zise-Afrika manje. Ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yabantu ihlala eNingizimu Afrika, amaphesenti angamashumi amabili eNtshonalanga namaphesenti ayisithupha eCentral Africa. Isizathu esiyinhloko sokwehla ngokushesha kwenani ukuzingela. Izilwane ziyahlatshwa ngenxa yesidingo sobucwebe bendlovu.

KUDINGA UKWAZI
Esigcinweni saseKerzhensky esifundeni saseNizhny Novgorod bekukhona amabhere amathathu. Amawundlu anamathegi endlebe aphuzi anamathiselwe. Ngakho-ke, abasebenzi bazokwazi ukulawula ukunyakaza kwabo. Izilwane zazalelwa ekudingisweni ePaki ye-Prioksky, kepha zahlala zasendle. Bagcinwe egumbini elilodwa, umuntu oyedwa kuphela oxhumana nabo.

BESE UKHUMBULA
Kwaboshwa ipotimende elinezimila nezinyoka ezingadingekile eziphilayo esikhumulweni sezindiza iDomodedovo enhlokodolobha. Isilwane esidliwayo sasithwe yinja yinsiza - ispaniel Kira saseRussia. Ukuthunyelwa kwafika kusuka e-United Arab Emirates. Umfundi waseMoscow, udokotela wezilwane wesikhathi esizayo, waba ngumnikazi, kepha wayengenazo izincwadi zokuhamba kwezilwane. Le nsizwa iboshiwe, izibankwa nezinyoka zidluliselwe esikhungweni ukuze kulungiselelwe izilwane zasendle, kubika i-Zooplandia.

Udaba lwengxoxo:

Ukulondolozwa kwendlovu yase-Afrika

Isibalo sezindlovu zase-Afrika sesifinyelele eqophelweni elibucayi - minyaka yonke izindlovu eziningi ziyafa ezwenikazi ukwedlula ukuzalwa.

Iqembu labaphenyi lishicilele ephephabhukwini i-Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America (iphephabhuku elisemthethweni leNational Academy of Science of the United States), ngokusho ukuthi kusukela ngo-2010 e-Afrika cishe izindlovu eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-35 zibulewe ngabazingeli. Ososayensi baxwayisa ngokuthi uma lo mkhuba ungaguquki, khona-ke izindlovu zizonyamalala njengenhlobo eminyakeni eyi-100.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukuhweba ngezindlovu kukhuphuke kakhulu, kanti ikhilogremu yezindlovu zezindlovu manje ibiza izinkulungwane zamaRandi emakethe yabamnyama. Isidingo sazo sikhula ikakhulukazi ngenxa yamazwe ase-Asia. Sekuyisikhathi eside izazi zezinto eziphilayo zikhomba ngosongo lokubhujiswa kwezindlovu njengezinhlobo zezilwane, kodwa lolu cwaningo luhlinzeka ngokuhlola okuningiliziwe kwenhlekelele yemvelo kanye nokudla e-Afrika.

Ososayensi baphetha ngokuthi phakathi kuka-2010 no-2013, unyaka ngamunye i-Afrika ilahlekelwe yisilinganiso samaphesenti angama-7 wabantu bendlovu. Ukukhula kwemvelo kwesibalo sezindlovu cishe kungama-5%, futhi lokhu kusho ukuthi izindlovu ziya ngokuya zincipha njalo ngonyaka. Eminyakeni eyi-10 eyedlule, inani lezindlovu enkabeni ye-Afrika lehle ngamaphesenti angama-60. Abazingeli, njengomthetho, babulala izindlovu ezivuthiwe nezikhulu kakhulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi, okokuqala, abesilisa abakhulu bafa benqunyelwe ikhono labo lokuzala, kanye nabesifazane abasekhanda lomndeni futhi abanamawundlu. Ngemuva kwabo, yizindlovu ezincane ezingavuthiwe kuphela ezihlala kubantu, okuholela ekuphulweni kwesikhundla sabantu futhi kulimaze ukukhula kwaso, kusho uprofesa

Ekuvikeleni izindlovu zase-Afrika, kuyakhiwa izindawo ezivikelekile, kanti-ke nokulwa nokuzingela kubulawa. Ngo-1989, indlovu yase-Afrika yavikelwa ukuvimbela ngokuphelele ukuthengiswa kwamazinyo endlovu, kufakwa kwi-International Convention on the sale of Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. Kodwa-ke, amanye amazwe, ikakhulukazi iZimbabwe, iBotswana, iMalawi, iZambia kanye neNingizimu Afrika, enqabile ukwethula lokhu kuvinjelwa ekhaya. Ohulumeni balawa mazwe bazithethelela ngezenzo zabo ngokuthi ezindaweni abahlala kuzo izindlovu zilawulwa ngempumelelo, banobulili obuhle kanye nobudala beminyaka, futhi kwezinye izindawo bakhombisa ukuthambekela kokukhula, okudinga ukudubula okulawulwayo ukuze kulondolozwe ibhalansi yemvelo. Lezi zinkomo ezizinzile azidonseli abavakashi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi zikhiqiza imali evela ezinhlobonhlobo zezindlovu, inyama kanye nezikhumba zezilwane kumaphrojekthi ahlukahlukene wokuthuthukisa ezomnotho, kuyilapho ngasikhathi sinikeza abantu imisebenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani lendawo libamba iqhaza ngenkuthalo yezilwane futhi lisiza ukulwa nokuzingela. Umbono womphakathi kufanele uholele ekwehleni kwesidingo sezimpahla ezichitha izilwane ezingandile, futhi lokhu kuzosiza ukuzisindisa ekuqothulweni. Ukuxabana kuyaqhubeka. Ngenkathi izindlovu ziqhamuka emiphakathini eqhubekayo, kunzima ukufuna ukuthi kuvinjelwe ukumaketha kwayo.

Ukweqiwa kwendlovu?

Izindlovu zidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu esimisweni semvelo sase-savannah sase-Afrika njengabasabalalisi bembewu. Umquba wabo ucubungula izakhi ezibalulekile futhi uzidlulisela ezihlahleni, usekela i-savannah matrix yamahlathi namadlelo kanye nokuhlinzeka ngezinto eziphilayo.

Kodwa-ke, isikhathi eside, ubukhulu bendlovu obukhulu bunganciphisa ikhava yehlathi. ukunciphisa ihlathi nokwandisa izindawo zokuhlala zotshani. it zingasongela izinhlobo ezilahlekilenjengobhejane omnyama no-antelope, lapho izihlahla zisebenza njengokudla nendawo yokuhlala.

Ukuphatha izindlovu ukuvikela ushintsho lwendawo nokugcina izinto eziphilayo kunomlando omude. Izinhlelo Culling laqhubeka laze laqeda ikhulu lama-20 lagcina eKruger National Park kuphela ngonyaka we-1994. Ukudubula kuhlala “kuyindlela yokugcina” yokulawula izindlovu eNingizimu Afrika, kepha izingcingo zenziwe kamuva nje aqhubeke nokudubula eBotswana.

I-Fig_2. Indlovu idla i-acacia (acacia xanthophloea) - lolu hlobo lwesihlahla lunethonya elinamandla ekuqineni okukhulu kwezindlovu.

Njengamanje, ukudubula kuthathelwa indawo kakhulu izindlela ezingenabungozi, kufaka phakathi ukuhamba izindlovu eziya kwezinye izindawo nokusetshenziswa izindlela zokuvimbela inzalo ukunciphisa ukuzala

Kodwa-ke, konke ukungena kwezokuphatha kubangela ingcindezi ethile ezindlovu. Kuhlala kunobungozi obuncane obungahle busetshenziswe ukusebenzisa ama-anesthetics nezindlela zokuvimbela inzalo zehomoni shintsha isimilo sendlovu.

Umbuzo omkhulu ophathelene nekusasa lezindlovu zase-Afrika ukuthi ngabe sizimisele yini ukuwavumela ukuba akhona lapho kulula ukuphatha khona? Uma kunjalo, lapho-ke sidinga ucwaningo olwengeziwe ukuze siqonde izindlela ezisebenzayo nezindinganiso zokulawula izindlovu. Uma kungenjalo, impendulo kungenzeka ukuthi ithola izindlovu indawo enkulu eduze kwezindawo zokuhlala abantu.

Gcina noma wabelana

Kuya phansi engxoxweni yakudala - gcina umhlaba noma wabelane ngakho. Ukulondolozwa komhlaba kusho ukwahlukaniswa kwendawo yokuhlala yezilwane zasendle ezindaweni zomuntu, ngenkathi ukwabiwa komhlaba kubandakanya ukulondolozwa kokuhlukahlukana kwendalo endaweni okwabiwe kuyo abantu. Kepha yini okungcono ukulondolozwa kwemvelo?

INingizimu Afrika isikhombisa ukuthi ukulondolozwa komhlaba kusho ukuthini ngezindlovu okubizayo, ukuqapha okuqhubekayo ezakhiweni zemvelo ezinabantu abaningi. Enye indlela yokwabelana ngomhlaba inikeza izindlovu ukufinyelela okukhulu kumhlaba wemvelo wase-Afrika, kepha incike ekuhlalisaneni phakathi kwabantu nezindlovu.

Izinhlelo zokusebenzisa umhlaba ngaphandle kwamapaki kazwelonke kanye nezinqolobane e-Afrika njengamanje azinakugwenywa. Ukuhlangana kwabantu nendlovu kungasongela izimpilo zabo bobabili, kepha kukhona amasu akhuthaza ukuhlala ndawonye.

Enhlizweni yabo bonke ukuqonda ukuthi kumele kube nezinzuzo ezicacile zabantu zokwabelana insimu yabo nezindlovu. Imali evela izivakashi ezikhokha ukubona izindlovuuzokwazi ukuhlinzeka ngokuqashwa ngokuqondile, kepha nezinhlelo zemfundo ziyadingeka ukusiza abantu baqonde izinzuzo ezitholwa yindlovu kuyo yonke imvelo.

I-Fig_3. E-Amboseli, epaki likazwelonke laseKenya, izindlovu zabelana ngemfuyo yazo kanye nabalimi ezingaphezu kwama-80%.

Imisebenzi ebalulekile ngaphandle kwezolimo idinga ukukhuthazeka ukunciphisa ingcindezi yendawo yokuhlala nezilwane zasendle, ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa inzuzo engenayo endaweni eshintshayo. Ukusetshenziswa komhlaba okuhlelekile nokuhlelelwa kufanele kuvikele izindawo ezibalulekile zendlovu.

Amaqembu kulo lonke elase-Afrika asevele esebenza kwizisombululo ezingakunikeza lokhu. Kanye nezokuvakasha, kuye kwavela amaphrojekthi akhiqiza imali yezindlovu ngaphandle kokuzilimaza noma imvelo, njengokuthi ukukhiqizwa kwamaphepha nezipho ezivela kwindle yendlovu.

Inhlangano enobuntu Gcina izindlovu utshela izingane zasendaweni ngezinzuzo uphila ngokuvumelana nezindlovu, nezinhlangano ezifana I-Amboseli Ecosystem Trust, waqala ukusebenza nabalondolozi bezolimo, osopolitiki kanye nemiphakathi yasendaweni ukuhlela ukuthi ingahlala kanjani ndawonye.

Ukwahlukaniswa komhlaba phakathi kwabantu nezindlovu kuzoncika esimeni sokubambisana phakathi kohulumeni, amaqembu okongiwa kwemiphakathi nemiphakathi yasendaweni. Uma abantu bafuna izindlovu zase-Afrika okuningi kunokugcina ezindaweni ezilawulwa kakhulu zemvelo, kufanele kuboniswane nawo wonke umuntu. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho singathemba khona ngokuthula kwabantu nezindlovu.

Ukulahleka okwesabekayo

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukuhweba ngezindlovu kukhuphuke kakhulu, kanti ikhilogremu yezindlovu zezindlovu manje ibiza izinkulungwane zamaRandi emakethe yabamnyama. Isidingo sazo sikhula ikakhulukazi ngenxa yamazwe ase-Asia.

Sekuyisikhathi eside izazi zezinto eziphilayo zikhomba ngosongo lokubhujiswa kwezindlovu njengezinhlobo zezilwane, kodwa lolu cwaningo luhlinzeka ngokuhlola okuningiliziwe kwenhlekelele yemvelo kanye nokudla e-Afrika.

Ososayensi baphetha ngokuthi phakathi kuka-2010 no-2013, unyaka ngamunye i-Afrika ilahlekelwe yisilinganiso samaphesenti angama-7 wabantu bendlovu.

Ukukhula kwemvelo kwesibalo sezindlovu cishe kungama-5%, futhi lokhu kusho ukuthi izindlovu ziya ngokuya zincipha njalo ngonyaka.

UJulian Blank, naye obambe iqhaza kulolu cwaningo, oyisisebenzi seCongress on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), uthe: "Uma leli zinga lokubhujiswa kwezindlovu liqhubeka, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi sizobhekana nokwehliswa okukhulu kwenani eliphelele lezindlovu."

Uveza ukuthi ezindaweni ezihlukene lapho kuhlala khona izindlovu, ukuphela kwazo kuhlukile. Ukwenza isibonelo nje, eBotswana inani lezindlovu liyakhula, kepha nakwamanye amazwe asenkabeni ye-Afrika ukusatshalaliswa kokuzingela kuholela ekunciphiseni ngokushesha kwenani lezilwane. "

Eminyakeni eyi-10 eyedlule, inani lezindlovu enkabeni ye-Afrika lehle ngamaphesenti angama-60.

Bheka emaphethelweni wokuqothulwa

Abazingeli, njengomthetho, babulala izindlovu ezivuthiwe nezikhulu kakhulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi, okokuqala, abesilisa abakhulu bafa benqunyelwe ikhono labo lokuzala, kanye nabesifazane abasekhanda lomndeni futhi abanamawundlu. Ngemuva kwabo, yizindlovu ezincane ezingavuthiwe kuphela ezisahlala kubantu, okuholela ekuphulweni kwesikhundla sabantu futhi kulimaze ukukhula kwaso, kusho uSolwazi Whittemier.

Izinhlangano zenhlangano yezemvelo kade zafuna ukuthi kwenziwe isenzo esiphuthumayo.

UJohn Scanlon, oyi-CEO yeCITES, uthi kusenethemba lokuthi ukuthambekela kokubhubhisa izindlovu njengezinhlobo kungabuyiselwa emuva.

"Okokuqala, kumele sithuthukise isimo sokuphila kwabantu bendawo, esihlangana nezindlovu, siqinise ukulawulwa kokuhweba okungekho emthethweni ngezinyo lendlovu futhi sinciphise isidingo emakethe yabamnyama," kusho yena.