I-Saker Falcon. Ngokusho kwehlumela nesisindo, liphakathi kwe-peregrine falcon ne-gyrfalcon: isisindo singama-gramitha angama-800- 1100, ubude ngamasentimitha angama-42-60, amaphiko ngamaphesenti ayi-105-130 cm. Izinhlobo zaseningizimu yeYurophu ne-Asia. Ezweni lethu, uhla luhlanganisa iningizimu yengxenye yaseYurophu, iKazakhstan, i-Asia Ephakathi, eningizimu yeNtshonalanga nePhakathi yeSiberia, i-Altai neTransbaikalia. Noma kunjalo, akunakuxazululwa okuqhubekayo kwale ndawo enkulu. Spoiler ihlangana ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngokubukeka, ifana kakhulu ne-peregrine falcon. Imvamisa kuhlala emaphethelweni aseningizimu yendawo yehlathi kanye ne-steppe steppe. Ihlela izidleke ezilula phakathi kwezintaba eziphansi, ikhethe izindawo ezinamadwala, amabhange asemifuleni, njll. Njengabafowethu, umhlanganisi akazikhathazi ngezinto zokwakha, kodwa umane nje uhlala ezindlini ezifanele zabafokazi. E-clutch kuvame amaqanda ama-4, kepha kukhona namagobolondo ama-2 no-6. Egg aqoshwe ngombala onsundu okhanyayo, imibala ye-ocher enamabala ansundu noma abomvu. Amaqanda e-peregrine falcon ne-gyrfalcon acishe afane ngombala, lapho amathoni ansundu, abomvu, namathoni we-ocher nawo ehlanganiswa khona. Ngokuphikisana nesizinda esejwayelekile, amabala amnyama esimilo esingajwayelekile nosayizi abahlukahlukene. Isikebhe sowesifazane sidonsa amaqanda izinsuku ezingama-28- 30. Owesilisa uqaphe. Ungumnakeli wentombi yakhe, bese umsiza ukuba ondle abasebenza ngokuthula, abangakhalazi ngesifiso sokudla. Ngokudla okunempilo, akhula ngokuxhuma nangemingcele, kuthi lapho esenonyaka owodwa nesigamu ashiye indlu kayise.
Ingabe sicebile emvelweni engokwemvelo yesiga? Cishe izidleke ezingaphezulu kuka-1000 kububanzi. I-Oksky Reserve iqukethe iqembu le-Saker Falcons: i-biology yokusakazwa kwezinhlobo zezilwane ifundwe, ukuzalaniswa sekuye kwaqalwa. Ngo-1984, kwatholakala inzalo futhi yandiswa - ama-10 falcons.
Ingabe ama-falcons ahlala ezindaweni lapho zizalela khona futhi zondle inzalo yazo? Kuma-falcons ethu, ama-gyrfalcons amelana kakhulu nesimo sezulu esibandayo nesingesihle. Ezinye zazo zifihle endaweni eyodwa lapho zizalela khona, kepha ezinye izinyoni ziya ngaseningizimu. Izindiza ezinde nezindiza ezinkulu azenziwa ngama-gyrfalcons. Kuthiwani nge-peregrine falcon? Umuntu ofundayo ukhumbula ukuthi le nyoni icishe ifane nomhlaba. Ukuhamba kwakhe kuncike endaweni ahlala kuyo. Amanga wethu wasenyakatho we-peregrine, esekhulise inzalo, aya ebusika eningizimu yezwe (yiqiniso, ngenzalo). I-Peregrine falcons, ebhaliswe eningizimu, iphila impilo yokuhlala phansi. Kepha uma befuna ukudla noma ngaphansi kwethonya lezinto ezihlukene ze-anthropogenic, bangenza bafuduke baphoqeleleke amabanga asondele nakude.
Ubusika be-Saker Falcon eMpumalanga Afrika, eMiddle East naseNingizimu Asia.
Desert Falcon, noma Shahin
Desert falcon, noma i-shahin. Isatshalaliswa isuka eNyakatho Afrika iye empumalanga iye enyakatho-nentshonalanga ye-PRC nasentshonalanga ye-MPR, e-USSR - eCentral Asia, lapho kuyivelakancane kakhulu ngababili noma ngababili. Inani eliphelele lalezi zinyoni ezweni lethu alidluli ngamabili angama-50.
Shahin
Umbuso: | Eumetazoi |
I-infraclass: | Ukuzalwa okusha |
Buka: | Shahin |
I-Falco pelegrinoides (Temminck, 1829)
- Falco peregrinus babylonicus Sclater, 1861
- I-Falco pelegrinoides tscherniaievi USevzov, 1873
- I-Falco pelegrinoides gobicus Stegmann, 1934
Shahin, noma ikhanda elibomvu le-peregrine falcon , i -hlane falcon (lat. Falco pelegrinoides) - uhlobo lwenyoni edla inyama yohlobo lwentwala.
Incazelo
Ngokubukeka nokuziphatha kufana ne-peregrine falcon, kodwa incane kancane, ingaphezulu ilula, phansi kuyabhebhana ngephethini elingathuthukile, kunezindawo ezibomvu ezikhanyayo ngaphezulu nangemuva kwekhanda. Ubude bomzimba obungu-33-39 cm. Abesifazane bakhulu kunabesilisa. Ubude bephiko besilisa buyi-274- 302, izinsikazi zingama-315-162 mm. Isisindo sowesilisa sisukela ku-330 g, insikazi icishe ibe ngu-500 g (isisindo esirekhodiwe esiphezulu singama-750 g). Iphiko lingamasentimitha angama-76-98. Umhlane wabantu abadala unombala onsundu ngokwebala noma izimpaphe zengubo yengubo ebomvu noma ephansi, ezansi zibomvu ngokukhula okumbalwa okungatheni. Mncane kusuka phezulu ngekhanda elibomvu elingaphezulu noma elingaphansi, elinemikhawulo ebomvu ebanzi yezimpaphe, kusuka ngezansi kukhona okubomvu njengokubomvu okwenziwe ngephepha le-brown nastvolami ebanzi elingafani nelamaphethini ansundu.
Ukusatshalaliswa
Sisatshalaliswa ogwadule nasezindaweni ezomile ezingaphansi komhlaba (kuze kufike ku-1500 m) eNyakatho Afrika, eMpumalanga Ephakathi, ePhalamende lase-Arabia, e-Iran, e-Afghanistan, ePakistan, eNdiya (Kashmir), eCentral Asia, ezintabeni nasezintabeni ezansi naseningizimu mpumalanga yeKazakhstan kusuka eTalas Alatau kuya eTarbagatai noma iSouthern Altai. Mhlawumbe ihlala phezulu phezulu eKyzylkum, ugu olusentshonalanga yoLwandle i-Aral kanye ne-Ustyurt Chinki. Ekufudukeni nasebusika kwenzeka kabanzi, kudonsela ezigodini zemifudlana nasezindaweni zokuhlala kwabantu endaweni yamaphethelo.
I-FEDCON RED-HEADED
Amagama ahlukahlukene ale nyoni enza inchazelo yayo ephelele. Igama elithi "shahin" lisho umlando wokuxubha, "inhloko ebomvu" - ichaza umbala, kepha “okushiywe”, kuchazwa izindawo zokuhlala.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lolu hlobo lwe-falcon alubizwa ngokuthi ikhanda-elibomvu kwesokunene: kunezinhlobo phakathi kwama-falcons angaqhosha ngekhanda elibomvu elikhanyayo, isibonelo, i-falcon yaseMedithera. Ingubo yokuphuma kwe-shahin enhle ifana nobukhazikhazi be-silhouette yayo - akukho lutho olukhanyayo: amaplamu akhanyayo, ampunga futhi anephethini elikhanyayo elinombala onsundu (imvamisa kuphela phakathi kwamahlombe namahlombe), izimpaphe ebunzini, umqhele, intamo, obomvu obomvu, futhi nemibala eguqukile. Ngombala ofanayo obomvu, izimpaphe ezingaphezulu zilinganiswe kanti ezingaphansi zidwetshwe. Ukubomvu okubabazeka okungaphezulu kwempuphu entsha kubhekwa ezinyangeni ezincane kuphela, ezibuye zihlukaniswe ngumsila oqinile onamaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye nemicu emide emide esiswini. Izinyoni ezindala nabantu abasha banezinswani okuthiwa, kepha zincanyana kakhulu phakathi kwezinyoni ezincane.
DESERT FALCON
Ngempela, ama-shahin akhetha izindawo eziwugwadule zaseCentral and Central Asia. Izinhlobo zohlobo lweTurkmenistan, Iran, Uzbekistan, Pakistan, Afghanistan, India naseNyakatho Afrika. Izinduna zihlelwe emaphethelweni amadwala noma emadwaleni obumba lwamagquma, zihlala ezindaweni ezingenakufinyeleleka. Kusukela cishe ngo-Agasti kuya ku-Mashi, izinyoni zihlala emathafeni, lapho ehlobo zenza izindiza zokudla kuphela.
Ukushintshwa KOKUGCINA
Imidlalo yokuhlangana nokuzala kwenzeka ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, futhi ekuqaleni kukaMeyi isalfin sowesifazane isilungele ukuqala ukubeka. Ukuzikhulula kuqala ngeqanda lesibili, futhi sekuphelele kukhona kuze kube kathathu. Njengomthetho, kunezinkukhu ezimbili ku-brood, ezingaphansi kakhulu kwesinye futhi, ezimweni ezihlukile, ezintathu. Maphakathi noJuni, amaphuphu aqala ukubhoboka, ngemuva kwenyanga asevele afundile ukundiza, futhi maphakathi no-Agasti azimele ngokuphelele. Abazali banakekela izingane zabo esezikhulile isikhashana, bazifundise ukuhlakanipha kokuzingela, kuthi-ke, lapho abantu abasha bebashiya, bahlala bendawonye - izimbotshana zigcina ngababili unyaka ngamunye. Uma ama-falcons asencane engazidli izinyamazane ezinamandla - kanti lesi yisikhova, ukhozi, ukhozi lwegolide, khona-ke intwasahlobo elandelayo ngokwayo izokuzalela.
QHAFA
Indlela ehlukile yokuzingela i-shahin, kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni ezidla inyama ngokwemvelo, ibizwa ngokuthi ukubheja. Kuqukethe ungene ekujuleni kwesisulu kusuka endaweni ephakeme enkulu. Okwamanje, ijubane lendiza le-falcon lingadlula i-90 m / s!
Kuyacaca ukuthi, ukuwa kwesisulu ngejubane elinjalo, i-falcon akufanele ihambisane nayo, ukuze ingashayeki. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi kaningi isisindo sedlozi sisondele kwesisindo se-falcon ehlaselayo, futhi kwesinye isikhathi size ngokweqile (nokho, ama-shahins awazideleli nezinyoni ezincane). Umdlwenguli futhi awukwazi ukubamba isisulu ngezihlakala zaso: kungenzeka, okokuqala, ukulimaza ama-paws, okwesibili, ukwehluleka ukulawula indiza. Yini eyenziwa yi-falcon? Ishaya inyoni kuphela ngemichilo yeminwe yangemuva, esicindezelweni, kepha ngejubane elinjalo lokhu kwanele ukuthi ohlukunyeziwe alimale kakhulu noma umane awele ekuweni okungalawuleki. Ngemuva kokuhlaselwa, i-falcon yehlisa ijubane, ijika ibambe inyamazane ethile emoyeni ngempukane, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kwanele ukuthi isivele iwele phansi.
I-Predator LUNCH
Izinzipho ezigoqiwe ze-falcon ziyivumela ukuba ibambe kangcono inyamazane ukuze ikuyise endaweni eseceleni lapho ungadla khona ngokuphepha. Kwesinye isikhathi ngesisulu esincane, sibanjwe emoyeni, i-falcon iqonde ngqo endizeni. Yikuphi kulezi zinyoni ezitholela inyamazane ejaha ukudla kwasemini? Esikhathini sokudalwa, lezi yi-chamomile, izidli-sezinyosi, i-hazel grouse, amajuba ompunga, ama-jackdaws, amachibi aqhekekile, amaswidi amhlophe amhlophe kanye nondlunkulu. Isikhathi sonke, ukudla kwe-shahin kufaka amasanti ama-sandwich amhlophe, ama-streptos, amakhwela amadevu, amajuba ompunga, abashisi, amakhanda, amabala amhlophe namalambu ensimu. Kube nezimo lapho ama-shahins, endiza eyozingela kusihlwa, ehlasela amalulwane, kepha lokhu akuyona neze indlela ejwayelekile yokuziphatha.
ISIHLOKO ESIFANELEKILE
- Iklasi: izinyoni.
- Oda: Falconiformes.
- Umndeni: Falcon.
- Uhlobo: falcons.
- Uhlobo: shahin.
- Igama lesi Latin: I-Falco pelegrinoides.
- Ubukhulu: ubude bomzimba kusuka ku-33 cm kuya ku-39 cm (izintokazi zikhulu kunabesilisa), amaphiko ama-cmpan -76-98 cm.
- Isisindo: owesilisa - 330 g, izintokazi - cishe 500 g.
- Umbala: grey ngenhla, nezinhlaka ezibomvu zezimpaphe zengubo, zibomvu ngezansi.
- Isikhathi sokuphila se-shahin: iminyaka eyi-15-17.
Umsoco
Izindatshana shahin emadwaleni, kuhilela impilo yokuhlala. Kunezinhlobonhlobo zezinyoni ekudleni kwakhe: amachibi, izitofu, i-hazel grouse, indawo esehlane nezinye. Imvamisa izingela ezindaweni ezivulekile. I-ecology, i-nesting biology, kanye nezindlela zokuziphatha ze-desertconcon ezifana ne-peregrine falcons. Baphinde babambe inyamazane emoyeni, imvamisa ngesivinini esikhulu.