Uhlobo lwezinambuzane: I-Cannabis Pest

Umugqa: IColeoptera - Coleoptera

Umndeni: amabhungane amaqabunga - Chrysomelidae

Kutholakala kuyo yonke indawo, ikakhulukazi okuyingozi endaweni yokukhiqizwa kwezimboni ze-hemp. Ukulimala hemp, hops.

Beetle 1.8-2.6 mm ngosayizi, luhlaza-wethusi, i-antennae enezigaba eziyi-10, i-tibia, i-tarsus, ne-apex ye-elytra ebomvu, imigqa yangaphambili ehlukile. Iqanda le-oval, ngosayizi ongu-0,4 mm, ophuzi osobala. I-Larva - 3-3,5 mm, ophuzi-mhlophe, mncane, u-olong, usihlalo uhlukaniswe ngokucacile, umzimba wambozwa nge-sclerite, une-setae, usihlalo, izingxenye zokuqala ze-thoracic nezokugcina zesisu ophuzi.

Abantu abadala abangagugile bahlala ezihlahleni ze-hemp noma ezindaweni ezinezimila ezinamahlahla nezinezihlahla ezinotshani enhlabathini, ekujuleni kuka-10 cm. Bangakwazi ukumelana nezinga lokushisa lize lifinyelele ku-25 ° C. Basuka ezindaweni zobusika ngo-Ephreli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zidla ngamaqabunga e-nettle, hop, bese i-hemp yathuthela kakhulu ezitebhisini. Ngemuva kokondla okwengeziwe, okuthatha izinsuku eziyi-12 kuya ku-15, abantu abadala bayashada bese beqala ukubeka amaqanda enhlabathini kuze kube ngu-8-10 cm wokuzala. Ukuzala kungafinyelela kumaqanda angama-300. Amabhungane avuseleleke ngezinsuku ezingama-6 kuya kwezingu-20 ezondla izimpande ngezinsuku ezingama-21 kuya kwezingu-40. Ukulinyazwa emhlabathini ekujuleni kuka-1 kuya ku-8-10 cm. I-Pupa ikhula kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-6-7 kuya kwezingu-15. Izithonjana ngaphambi kokushiya ubusika (Septhemba) zidla amaqabunga aphezulu bese zidla imbewu engakhuli kahle. Ngemuva kokuqoqa i-hemp qhubeka nokudla esikhunjeni sezindebe zomile kanye nesiqu.

Umonakalo ubangelwa ngabantu abadala nezibungu. Abantu abadala baququda ku-cotyledonous, futhi kamuva emaqabungeni angokoqobo, amancane ngokusebenzisa izimbobo, izithombo zesinene ebusweni bomhlaba. Izibungu zigaye izimpande.

Izindlela zokuvikela. Ukuqoqwa kanye nokushiswa kwezinsalela zasemva kokuvunwa. Ukubhujiswa kwezithombo ze-hemp kanye nokhula u-carrion. Njengoba kunabantu abadala abangu-15 izitshalo eziyi-10 - ukwelashwa kwezithombo ze-hemp ngama-insecticides.

Izici Zokubonakala

Amaqanda avele ngesimo, mncane - ngobude afinyelela kumamilimitha ayi-0.5. Umbala wamaqanda we-hemp flea uphuzi ophuzi.

Isibungu sibukeka kabi njengesibungu, sinamabili amathathu emilenze. Umbala we-larva awukhanyi njengalowo okweqanda - onsundu onsundu noma omhlophe. Umzimba unenani elikhulu lama-bristles. Umzimba wezibungu uthambile.

I-Hemp flea isilonda.

Usayizi wamabhungane amadala ungafinyelela kumamilimitha ayi-2,5. Amabhungane amadala abonakala kahle elangeni, ngoba anomzimba oluhlaza okotshani wethusi. Amaphaphu, imilenze ephansi ne-antennae ebomvu ngokugqamile.

I-Hemp flea propagation

Izibungu ezifakwe ekwindla, zichitha ubusika esigabeni sabafundi. Ubusika benzeka ngokujula kwamasentimitha ayi-15. Bavele ebusweni buka-Ephreli.

Ama-flepar we-Hemp angawamabhungane amahlamvu.

Amajaha ahlasela izimpungushe ezincane kanye nezimbabazane. Izimbungulu eziye zathola uquqaba ziyahamba ziyofuna amahlumela we-hemp amahlumela. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2, abantu bakulungele ukuvuthwa. Izinsikazi zibekela amaqanda emhlabathini, zizicwilisa zijule ngamasentimitha ayi-10. Owesifazane oyedwa uletha amaqanda angama-300 kuyo yonke inkathi yokuphila kwakhe.

Kubo, ngosuku lwama-20, izibungu zikhethiwe. Izibungu zondla ngezimpande ze-hemp. Izibungu ezithuthukayo ziqhubekela esigabeni esisha - i-pupae, ngenkathi zingazishiyi izindawo zazo ezingahlalwa kuzo.

Isigaba sezingane sithatha cishe izinsuku ezingama-20. Kuvela amabhungane amancane ku-pupae, adla amaqabunga aphezulu nembewu ye-hemp, engazange ibe nesikhathi sokuvuthwa ngokwanele.

IHarm Harm

Ngisho nangemva kokuvuna i-hemp, amabhungane ahlala ezitshalweni.

Abantu abadala baququda inqwaba yezimbobo amahlumela we-hemp. Imvamisa ziletha amahlamvu asesimweni samathambo. Uma isimo sezulu sibanda, khona-ke ama-hemp fleas aya ngaphansi kwengqimba ephezulu yenhlabathi, lapho aqala khona ukondla ezingxenyeni ezingezansi zezitshalo. Izibungu zilimaza izimpande zezitshalo, kanti zivame ukulimaza ingxenye ephakathi yezimpande.

Ama-fleas we-Hemp abangela umonakalo omkhulu ku-hemp. Balimaza izitshalo, ngenxa yalokho ukukhula kwazo kunciphisa, isibalo sembewu sincishiswa kakhulu. Uma i-hemp fleas idla amaqabunga amaningi, lesi sitshalo kwesinye isikhathi sifa, ikakhulukazi lapho sikhula esimeni sezulu esomile.

IHemp flea yisinambuzane esivamile.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.

Umjikelezo wempilo we-Hemp flea kanye nokukhonjwa

Ama-fleas abantu abadala ayizimbungulu ezincane ezinomzimba ohlaza okotshani one-sheen bronze. Zine-elliptical noma i-oval ngesimo ubude obungaphansi kuka-2,5 mm. Lapho bephazanyiswa, basebenzisa imilenze yabo yangemuva enamandla ukuqhuma. Ama-wings (elytra) ahlukunyezwe ngokungenhloso, kanye nemilenze emikhulu yangemuva (tibia) emnyama amber.

I-Hemp flea beetle inesizukulwane esisodwa ngonyaka, yize abantu abadala bevela kabili ngenkathi yokukhula. Entwasahlobo, abantu abadala abasusiwe bavela abadla izithombo ze-hemp. Ekwindla, kuyinzalo yabantu abadala ababanda ubusika abondla amaqabunga, isiqu kanye nemikhawulo yembewu yesitshalo.

Amazebe azwakala njengabantu abadala ngamaqabunga awile, utshani kanye nemfucumfucu ngaphansi kwezihlahla, amabhande amahlathi, nasezinsalela ze-hemp.

Ngaphakathi kwamaqabunga awileyo i-density density ingafinyelela ku-140-250 mabhungane / m2.

Ngemuva kokuncibilikisa udoti kusuka emaqabungeni, kudingeka ezinye izinsuku ezingama-5 - 11 ngaphambi kokuba amakhehla okuqala asebenze. Ngokuya ngokushisa, kungathatha amasonto amathathu ngaphambi kokuba bonke abantu abasebusika bashiye izindawo zobusika.

Lapho amazinga okushisa edlula ku-14 ° C, izimbungulu zabantu abadala zingahlasela amasimu, zihlasele izithombo njengoba zivela.

Ukufakwa kweqanda kuqala ukusuka phakathi kuze kube sekupheleni kukaMeyi futhi kuyaqhubeka kuze kube sekupheleni kukaJuni. Ingxenyana encane kakhulu yezinambuzane ingaqhubeka nokubeka amaqanda kuze kube ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti.

Ukuhluma kuqala emva kwesikhashana esengeziwe sokondla okwengeziwe. Insikazi ibekela amaqanda enhlabathini ezungeze izitshalo eziba ngumuntu obukhulu obungama-8 cm. Ukuzala Ukuya cishe amaqanda angama-300. Iqanda likhula ngezinsuku ezingama-6 - 20. Umswakama omkhulu womhlabathi we-embyogenesis cishe ungama-40%. I-larva ineminyaka emi-3 futhi ikhula ngezinsuku ezingama-21-42. Ukulima kwenzeka ngaphakathi komunxa womhlabathi; ukukhula kwawo kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-6-16. Amabhungane amancane ngokuvamile avela ngo-Agasti. Ngalesi sikhathi, abantu abadala basebenzisa amaqabunga ama-apical kanye nembewu ye-hemp. Ukwehla komzimba kuqala ngoSepthemba no-Okthoba. Ubuningi bezinambuzane buxhomeke ezimweni ngenkathi hibernation, kumswakama wenhlabathi ezigabeni zeqanda nozibungu, kanye nasezitheni zemvelo.

Izimpawu

Ukulimala kokuqala kwezithombo kunganqunywa yizimpawu ezilandelayo:

• ukukhula okungalingani nokuvuthwa,
• ukwehla kwezithelo zembewu,
• imbewu enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-chlorophyll.

Ekwindla, inani labantu abadala be-hemp fleas badla emigqonyeni yembewu, okubenza bathambekele ekubhujisweni futhi babe nomthelela ekukhiqizeni kwezimbewu ezincane nezinhlamvu ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-chlorophyll.

Ukulimala

Izinhlobo zamabhungane we-hemp flea zidla ngaphezulu kwamaqabunga, iziqu kanye nezinhlamvu zembewu futhi zikhiqiza imigodi emincane. Izicubu ezingaphansi kokulimala ekugcineni ziyaphela bese ziyafa. Emacembe nasemakhotini, izicubu ezonakele ziyaqhuma bese ziyaphuma, zidale izimbobo. Amabhungane agcoba izimbobo eziningi emaqabungeni, kwesinye isikhathi azithambise ziphelele. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukukhiqizwa kwembewu ye-hemp, ukuncipha kobude besiqu nobude bokukhula kwezitshalo kuyabambezeleka. Ukulimala kwamaqabunga e-cotyledonous kuyingozi kakhulu ezimeni zesomiso, okuholela ekufeni kwezithombo.

Ukuhlasela okungathí sina kungalimaza kakhulu izitshalo, amaqabunga okuqala, ama-petioles neziqu zezitshalo. Ukulimala ngesikhathi sokudla kudla kakhulu lapho amabhungane ehlasela indawo yokukhula, ngoba lokhu kunciphisa amandla esitshalo wokuphola.

Uma izinga lokushisa lipholile entwasahlobo, ukondla amabafu kungahle kuvame ukusondela ebusweni bomhlaba, okuholela ekuzungezeni iziqu ezincane.

Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwezithombo, ukulahleka okukhulu kwe-hemp ne-hop plantings kungenzeka uma inani le-flea liphezulu futhi izithombo ukuphela kwezithako eziluhlaza ezitholakalayo. Ukuncipha kwesilimo kanye nokwehla kwezinga lokukhula okubangelwa ukondla izinsalela kukhulu kakhulu emavikini amabili okuqala ngemuva kokuvela.

Ukutheleleka okuthambile noma okulinganiselayo kubambezela ukukhula kwezitshalo futhi kuholela ekuvuthweni okungalingani. Ukuvuthwa kwesivuno okungalingani kunciphisa ikhwalithi yembewu noma isivuno.

Ezinyangeni zasehlobo, izigaba zokugcina zamabhungane wefishi zifaka isandla ekulahlekelweni kokudla, ukuzondla ngezimpande zezitshalo kanye nezinwele zezimpande.

Amapheya avela ngemuva maphakathi noJulayi angathinta nezithelo ze-hemp.

Ukuqapha

Ekwindla, ukuqapha kwezinhlwathi ensimini kuyadingeka. Lesi isibonakaliso sokuqala sezinkinga ezingaba khona entwasahlobo elandelayo. Uma amabalengwe emaningi, ukusetshenziswa kwama-insecticides kufanele kubhekwe kakhulu lapho ukutshala.

Ngentwasahlobo, qapha futhi uhlole ukulimala kwamaqabunga okuqala eqiniso ku-hemp kanye ne-hop izithombo phakathi kwezinsuku zokuqala eziyi-14 ngemuva kokuvela, ikakhulukazi elangeni, ezinsukwini ezolile lapho izinga lokushisa lidlula i-15 ° C.

Ukulawulwa kwesiko

Lapho kukhula izithombo ezinkulu, yilapho zingakwazi ukumelana nokulimala kusuka ekuzondleni ngokwazo amaza. Ekhiqizweni kokuqala kwezitshalo ezinkulu, abakhiqizi badinga ukusebenzisa imbewu nezitshalo zekhwalithi enhle. Izithombo zezinhlobonhlobo ezikhula ngamandla ziyakwazi ukuthwala amathunga akondla ngaphezu kwezithombo zezinhlobo ezinamandla amancane.

Uma ukuhlwanyelwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kusetshenziswa kuhlangene nokuhlwanyela ngqo kuzinhlanga, izitshalo zinikezwa nge-microclimate enikeza izimo zenhlabathi ezinomswakama (ezinomthelela ekuhlumeni okusheshayo). Noma izinga lokushisa eliphakathi kwenhlabathi lingafani kakhulu emasimini alinywe ngokwesiko, awekho ngaphansi kokushintshashintsha okunamandla, lapho kutshalwa khona izilimo ngokuya ngezindlela ezamukelwa ngokuvamile. Amatafula akhetha indawo enamakhanya elanga futhi afudumele. Ukuhlwanyela ngokuqondile kuhlinzeka nge-microclimate engalungeli amabavi.

Ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokuhlwanyelwa kwembewu kungasiza ekunciphiseni umthelela wokuhlaselwa kwezintwala. Kumaphiko wethambo, ukuba nezitshalo eziningi endaweni ngayinye yezitho kusho ukuthi umonakalo owondliwa isitshalo ngasinye uyancishiswa, futhi izithombo zingalulama kalula ekulimaleni.

Lapho ukuhlwanyela, ukuhlukanisa izikhala okubanzi, cishe amasentimitha angama-20, nakho kungaholela ekulimaleni okuncane kusuka kumakhaza ngesitshalo ngasinye. Yize izizathu zokhu zingakacaci, amakhethini akhangwa kakhulu ngukungafani okubonakalayo okunciphisiwe phakathi kwezimila nenhlabathi, okwenzeka ngemigwaqo emincane.

Ukujikeleza izitshalo akuyona indlela ephumelelayo yokulwa namazeze; ubusika babantu abadala nasezindaweni ezihlwanyelwe futhi ziyakwazi ukuhamba amabanga amade.

Ukulawulwa kwamakhemikhali

Ukwelapha imbewu ye-hemp ngesibulala-zinambuzane kuhlanganiswe nesikhunta esisodwa noma ngaphezulu ngaphambi kokutshala kuyinto evamile.

Ukwelashwa kwembewu kuza nesinambuzane ngamazinga aphansi noma aphezulu. Izinga eliphakeme libiza kakhulu kunelincane, kepha linesikhathi eside sokuzivikela kumazeze. Lezi zinambuzane zihlelekile, amazeze kumele adle izinto zezitshalo ukuthola umthamo obulalayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma isilokazane sithinta amahlamvu, izitshalo zingalimala.

Kungadingeka ukuthi usebenzise ama-insecticides ngemuva kokuvela ukuze kuvikelwe izithombo ezingalashwanga esigabeni sembewu noma kuvezwe isikhathi esinzima, noma isikhathi eside sokuhlasela kakhulu kwe-hemp flea

Lapho i-hemp ihlwanyelwa ngaphandle kokulashwa kwembewu, isibulala-zinambuzane sibaluleke kakhulu ngezinsuku ezishisayo nezolile.

Uma kulimala kakhulu kusuka kumakhaza noma inani elikhulu lezinambuzane ensimini, kubalulekile ukufaka umuthi kulawo makhasi ngokushesha okukhulu, ngoba amakhethini asheshe abangele ukulimala okukhulu kwesitshalo.

Kwesinye isikhathi kungenzeka ukuthi kudingekile ukufafazwa kwamahlamvu, njengoba amabalesa eqhubeka nokuthuthela emasimini lapho kungenzeka kutholakale khona ukuthi izinsalela zokufafazwa kokuqala zingasebenzi.

ULerva

Izibungu ezinjengomhlonyane ezinamabhu amathathu emilenze zisuka eqandeni elincane (elingaphansi kwengxenye yamamilimitha), zidwetshwe ngombala ophuzi onobuthi.

Isibungu ngokwaso asinayo umbala okhanyayo - umhlophe ngokungcolile ngesisu esinsundu. Umzimba ophakeme wezibungu unezingulube eziningi ezinzima.

Ukulawulwa Kwezinambuzane

Izindlela eziphambili zokuvikela ubhubhane lwesinambuzane yilezi:

• ukuqoqwa kwekwindla nokusha kwezinsalela zamaqabunga nezinhlanga,
• ukwelashwa kwezithombo ze-hemp ezine-insecticides esigabeni sokuvela kweqabunga lesithathu,
• iphunga imbewu emile ekwindla ngemuva kokuvunwa, okunikeza amabhungane okudla ngesikhathi sokubekwa kwamaqanda kokugcina,
• ukuphathwa kwezilimo ngamalungiselelo wamakhemikhali anjenge-bazudine, vetric acid, zeolone, ce, sumiton, ce.
• umquba ukukhulisa ukuhluma amahlumela. Umuthi iTrichodermin uzibonakalise ungcono kakhulu ngalezi zinhloso.