INDLELA YOKUQOPA - uhlobo lokungcola ngokomzimba okubonakaliswa ngokweqile kwezinga lemvelo ngemuva komsindo. Kuyinto ejwayelekile ikakhulukazi emadolobheni, ezindaweni ezisebenzisa ama-aerodromes, izikhungo zezimboni, ezithinta kabi abantu, izilwane kanye nezitshalo ... ... Isichazamazwi semvelo

Ukungcoliswa komsindo - Bheka. Ukungcoliswa kwemisindo. EdwART Uhlu Lwezimo eziphuthumayo, 2010 ... Uhlu Lwezimo eziphuthumayo

INDLELA YOKUQOPA - Uhlobo lokungcola ngokomzimba okuphawuleka ngokweqile kwezinga lemvelo ngemuva komsindo. Ngokuvamile ejwayelekile emadolobheni, ezindaweni zezindawo ezihamba ngezinwele, izikhungo zezimboni, kuthinta kabi abantu, izilwane kanye nezitshalo Dictionary ... ...

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Ukuthi isimo sengqondo ngokungcoliswa komsindo siguqukile kanjani

- Uma ukhumbula lokho amadolobha wenkathi ephakathi akukhombisayo kusiko lesimanje le-pop, akunakwenzeka ukuthi ulimi lwethu luzophenduka ukubabize ngokuthi bahlanzekile. Emigwaqweni yokukhuculula indle, azikho izindlela zokukhuculula indle, abantu abanalo isiko lokuqoqwa kukadoti olukhona namuhla. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, akekho owake wathi emadolobheni aphakathi nendawo kukhona uhlobo oluthile lwenqanaba elikhethekile lokungcoliswa - lokhu bekungesihloko esiphuthumayo.

Yini inkinga ke? Iqiniso ngukuthi ukungcola kungumqondo onomphumela onamandla kakhulu wokuqongelela. Futhi sizobiza ukungcoliswa yisimo lapho kunodoti omningi khona onikeza umthelela ezweni lonke.

Ngokwesimo somsindo, lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba ukucaciswa kwalesi simo somzimba ukuthi kungokwasendaweni. Ngenza umsindo, futhi ngiyawuzwa lapha. Futhi ngalé komkhathi, umsindo awusekho lapho. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi umsindo usewande kakhulu kangangokuba unikeza umphumela owengeziwe.

Imoto idlule, kwagqwala, injini yezwakala isebenza, yahamba yemoto - kepha ngisho nengxenye yesikhashana yomsindo ayikwazanga ukwengamela. Lokhu kuhlala kunguhlobo lomphumela oqhubekayo, oqhubekayo, okuyisici sale ndima.

Kunengqondo ukukhuluma ngokungcoliswa komsindo kusukela ekuqaleni kokusebenza kwamadolobha, kusukela maphakathi nekhulu le-19, lapho imboni ikhula ngamandla emadolobheni amakhulu. Abantu bahamba ngamanani amakhulu ukusuka edolobhaneni - idolobha lidinga umsebenzi, futhi abantu badinga umsebenzi.

Iningi labasebenzi lizihlelela ezindaweni eziseduzane nezindawo zezimboni. Ngokwezindinganiso zesimanje, banobungqabavu ngokwezemvelo: bakha inani elikhulu lokuphuma, kufaka nomsindo. Lokhu kungabonakala ngentuthu eyehla emapayipini, ezwakala ngemisindo yamathuluzi omshini azwakala inani elithile lamamitha.

Uma ukholelwa ukuthi abacwaningi bakwamanye amazwe, kusukela maphakathi nekhulu le-19 leminyaka kuya ku-30s yekhulu lama-20, akekho umuntu owayenendaba nenkinga yomsindo ngokubuka kwezomthetho. Namuhla siyaqonda ukuthi isimo singaba nzima kakhulu.

Umsebenzi ka-Engels esikhundleni sesikhundla sabasebenzi eNgilandi sichaza izimo ezinzima kakhulu zokuphila nomsebenzi wabantu. Lapho-ke abantu babehlangene emakamelweni amancane, babevezwa ngumsindo omubi kakhulu ngosuku lokusebenzela nangemva kwalokho. Ngoba amafekithri abesebenza engasebenzi. Uhlala amamitha amahlanu ukusuka emshinini womsebenzi, uyaqhubeka nokusebenza, ngoba omunye umuntu ungene esikhundleni sokushintsha. Kepha akekho owakhuluma ngalokhu. Akukaze kwenzeke kunoma ngubani ukuba acabange ngohlaka lwezomthetho ukuze ngandlela thile axazulule lokhu. Ingxoxo yaqala ngeminyaka yama-30s nangama-40.

Kungani kwenzeka ngalesi sikhathi, hhayi ngaphambili? Kuvele izimoto. Ngaphandle kukaHenry Ford kanye nentando yeningi yomkhakha wezimoto, isikhathi eside bebengumbono wabacebile. Amafektri agxilisa izindlu zabasebenzi, futhi abantu ababenalezi fektri babehlala ezindaweni ezinethezekile ezinokuthula.

Ngenkathi izimoto ziqala ukuvela kuma-30- 40s - enomsindo, ikakhulukazi ngamazinga wanamuhla - kubantu lokhu kube yinkinga. Izinto ziye zavela edolobheni okungenzeka kube ukungaphatheki kahle komsindo. Ngaleso sikhashana, ingxoxo yaqala: lokhu kungaxazululwa kanjani, yini umsindo futhi yini ongewona umsindo. Kepha ngaphambi kokuqala kohlaka lwezomthetho, kufanele kudlule eminye imibhangqwana edlule.

Umsindo uthinta kanjani impilo

Ngendlela enhle, yonke indawo yokuhlala kufanele ibe namamephu womsindo. Kuvezwa imithombo ebalulekile yomsindo lapho: izinkundla zezindiza, isikhumulo sezindiza, izinhlangano zokukhiqiza nemigwaqo emikhulu. Uma ucabanga ngokulingana nedolobha, umnotho walo kanye nendawo ezungezile, wena uqobo uzodweba imephu enjalo.

Umsindo ngumqondo oqonde kakhulu noma ongaphansi; kunezinombolo ezithile. Ezakhiweni zokuhlala nasezindaweni eziseduze nezakhiwo zokuhlala, i-55 dB iyinto evamile yesikhathi sasemini, i-45 dB yobusuku. Ezibhedlela - 40 dB no-30 dB, ngokulandelana. Ungacabanga ukuthi ebusuku esibhedlela akufanele kube nezinga lezinkulumo ezijwayelekile. Uma sibheka lokhu, siyaqonda ngokushesha ukuthi lezi zinombolo ezomile kakhulu.

Ukushiswa kwesicishamlilo kwijubili lakho noma emgubhweni wakho womshado akufani neze nesiqhumane esishiswa ngumakhelwane wakho mayelana noSuku Lomoya. Umsindo yinto eyinkimbinkimbi ngokwedlula le engabalwa futhi wathi: lokhu kuzwakala, kepha lo ngumsindo. Okungewona umsindo kusuka endaweni yokubukwa kohlaka lomthetho akuyona njalo umsindo ngokuzwela kithina.

Zivelaphi lezi zindinganiso zokuhlanzeka? Kungani zibaluleke kangaka kithina? Ngokusho kwe-WHO, umsindo uyinto yesibili ngemuva kokungcoliswa komoya, onamandla amakhulu emzimbeni womuntu. Ngombono wezempilo, ukutholakala emsindweni njalo kungonakalisa kakhulu. Into elula engenzeka kungukulimala kwendlebe.

Indaba elandelayo engemnandi yizifo zohlelo lwezinzwa. Isifo esijwayelekile sokuhlala edolobheni elikhulu sinamakhanda angapheli, esihlala njalo singakwazi ukuhlangana nokungcola komsindo. Kufika ekucindezelekeni kanye ne-neurosis - izimo ezinzima kakhulu zeklinikhi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungahle kube nomphumela obambezelekile lapho umbuso ungenako ukuxhumana okuqondile phakathi kwesizathu nomphumela.

Isibonelo, usebenza ehhovisi elinomsindo, ukhathele kakhulu, uthathe iholide elide (izinyanga ezimbili noma ezintathu), hamba uye emaphandleni, ungenzi lutho - bese kuqala ukucindezelwa. Njengokulindelekile, wonke umuntu uthi: “Ucindezelekile ngoba awenzi lutho - buyela ehhovisi. Uyazikhohlisa - ucindezelekile futhi. " Kungenzeka ukuthi iphethini lehluke kancane.

Izingane zisendaweni enkulu enkulu yezingozi, ngoba zinokuphazamiseka kwemizwa okwanda ngokuvezwa ngumsindo futhi zingadala ukubambezeleka ekukhuleni ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo.

Kuyini ukungakwazi ukufunda nokubhala futhi kusongela kanjani abantu

Isiko lethu liyabonakala: amehlo ethu kithina oyisitho esidumile sokubona imininingwane. Siyethemba amehlo, kepha hhayi izindlebe. Ukuze uqinisekise imininingwane ngokwesayensi, udinga ukwakha igrafu, ubone ngeso lengqondo, uyibeka kumephu - kulapho kuphela lapho empeleni sizokwazi ukubona khona okuthile. Lezi akuzona nje izibalo zokukhuluma - lezi yizimpawu zesiko esiphile kulo isikhathi esingaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka.

Siyaqhubeka nokwakha amadolobha, siyaqhubeka nokwakha indawo yasemadolobheni lapho siphila khona sincike kakhulu emehlweni ethu - kubalulekile kithi ukuthi konke kubukeka kanjani ukuze kube yinhle, kuyavumelana, ngokuhambisana nemithetho yokulingana, efanelekile ngombala, ngisho nokubukeka muhle ngenhla. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, imvelo yasemadolobheni yaqala ukubonakala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Futhi kwanakwa okuncane ukuthi idolobha lizozwakala kanjani.

Idizayini isikhathi eside ibilinganiselwe izindlela zokukhiqiza - iphepha nepensela. Kwakungekho mathuluzi wokwenza indawo enomsindo. Ngakho-ke, umsindo wesikhala ungatholakala kuphela ngeqiniso lokusebenza. Basakhe lesi sakhiwo - kwathi ngemuva kwalokho babona ukuthi kunoluhlobo oluthile lwe-echo, lapha sizwa ukuthi bekwenzekani egumbini elilandelayo. Konke lokhu kuyimiphumela engahleliwe, okungekho noyedwa owayengayiqagela ngaphambili.

Lokhu kuholele esimeni esizwelayo lapho umlobi uRaymond Murray Scheifer atholakala khona ngeminyaka yama-60- 70s. Uqambe uhlelo oludumile lwamagama afihlekile bese wenza inkinga yokungafundi.

USchaefer uthi wonke umuntu ohlala kule planethi akafundi kahle. Kubandakanya ochwepheshe abakha amadolobha futhi abahlalisa kuwo benemisindo nemisindo. USchaefer uhlongoze uhlelo lokuqhakambisa ulwazi lokufunda nokubhala nokufundisa isizukulwane sabachwepheshe abazoshintsha umhlaba ube ngcono.

Ungabhekana kanjani nokungcoliswa komsindo

[Ngokungcola komsindo wendawo] Wonke umuntu angenza okuthile. Ukwenza isibonelo, ukulahla imoto bese udlulisela kwezokuhamba zomphakathi, ukuphoqa umakhelwane wakho ukuba aziphathe ngendlela ehlukile. Ngeke sikwazi ukwakha kabusha imigwaqo yethu emikhulu ngezandla zethu, asikwazi ukuhamba ngezikhumulo zezindiza, kodwa kukhona izinga eliphansi lapho sonke sibamba iqhaza ekwenziweni komsindo ophelele.

Umthelela womsindo emzimbeni womuntu uyindaba enkulu yezomthetho nenhlanzeko. Kepha wonke umuntu uyakwazi ukuqonda ukuthi ukuleso simo. Isibonelo, ungalanda izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuthola umsindo - awudingi ukuthi ushayele isiteshi sokuhlanzeka nesibhubhisayo ngalokhu - futhi uqonde ukulandelana kwezinombolo ezikuzungezile nsuku zonke.

Indaba yesibili ibucayi kakhulu - ngoba ayikhulunywa ngamanani, imayelana nobudlelwano babantu, isimo somuzi, isimo sengqondo komunye nomunye. Kuhlala kunzima ukuqonda lapha ukuthi ngubani olungile, ngubani okufanele asolwe, yini enhle, nokubi - lo mgqa ongagxili udlula kuphi. Kepha uma ucabanga ngalokhu, uzoqonda ukuthi ungalekelela kanjani ekwakhiweni kwendawo enomsindo.

Ukungcoliswa komsindo

Ukungcoliswa kwemisindo kuye kwathatha isimo senkinga yemvelo yama-megacities. Ososayensi bayihlola njengenye yemiphumela elimazayo ngenxa yomsindo okhuphukayo, imiphumela ye-infrasound kanye ne-ultrasound kubantu phakathi nosuku.

Isikhathi sonke sokuphila, abantu baphila bezungezwe ngumsindo, kepha imisindo yemvelo ayinakubizwa njengento ecasulayo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, banomphumela omuhle empilweni yengqondo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukushesha kwenqubekela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe kuholele ekubonakaleni kokungcoliswa komsindo, okungaqondile imvelo nabantu.

Umsindo waba yinkinga kanjani

“Umsindo usewukhulu kangangokuba ukhiqiza umphumela obonakalayo emhlabeni wonke. Umsindo uyinto yasendaweni: imoto idlule phakathi, kwenzeke okuphelele, sezwa injini ihamba, ihamba. Kepha kunesikhathi somsindo esiningi kakhulu kangangokuba akunakwenzeka ukuthi ungasinaka. Lokhu kuhlale njengomphumela oqhubekayo, abanye njalo, okuwuphawu lwale ndawo, ”kusho uKsenia Mayorova.

Ukungcoliswa kwemisindo kwaqala ngesikhathi sokuhlala emadolobheni maphakathi nekhulu le-XIX - imboni yayikhula ngamandla, futhi abantu basuka emadolobhaneni besiya emadolobheni ngenhloso yokuthola. Isigaba esisebenzayo sasihlala ezindaweni eziseduzane nezindawo zezimboni, lapho kwakukhona khona umsindo ovela ngamathuluzi omshini nokukhipha umoya. UFryrich Engels encwadini yakhe ethi "The Situation of Working Class in England" wachaza ama-1940s: abantu abaningi babehlala emakamelweni amancane futhi babevuswa ngumsindo ngesikhathi nasemuva emsebenzini.

"Isitshalo sisebenza ngokuqhubekayo: ishifti iyaphela, uhlala amamitha amahlanu ukusuka emshinini wokusebenzela, omunye umuntu uthathe isikhundla. Kodwa akukaze kwenzeke kunoma ngubani ukusungula uhlaka lwezomthetho ukuze ngandlela thile kulawule lokhu, kugcizelela uMayorova. "Akukaze kwenzeke kumuntu ukuthi lokhu bekuyinkinga nhlobo." Ingxoxo yokulawulwa komsindo yavela kuphela kuma-30- 40s wekhulu le-XX - ngemuva kokusetshenziswa kabanzi kwezimoto. Ngemuva kwamashumi ambalwa eminyaka, ukwenziwa kohlaka lwezomthetho kwaqala.

Manje yonke indawo yokuhlala kufanele ibe nemephu yomsindo, lapho kukhonjiswa khona imithombo esemqoka yemisindo ephakeme, njengomthetho, lezi zinkundla zezindiza, izikhungo zezindiza, izinhlangano zezimboni nemigwaqo emikhulu. Ngokusho kukaMayorova, kunemibhalo ecishe ibe ngu-300 yokulawulwa komsindo endaweni yezomthetho yaseRussia. Ezingeni lokuhlela idolobha elihlanganisiwe, umsindo uchazwa njengomsindo ongathandeki noma olimazayo owenziwe ngenxa yomsebenzi womuntu.

Ungakhononda ngomsindo eRospotrebnadzor: Ongoti bomnyango bangaphuma bayothatha izinyathelo. Emakhaya nasezindaweni ezisondelene nezakhiwo zokuhlala, izinga lomsindo akumele lidlule kuma-decibel angama-55 phakathi nosuku namadola angama-45 kusihlwa. Izibhedlela, lezi zingama-decibel angama-40 no-30 ngokulandelana. Ukuhleba komuntu kungukudonsela phansi okungama-25, inkulumo ejwayelekile ingama-decibel angama-40, ukukhala okuphezulu kwengane noma ukukhala komuntu omdala kungama-80.

Izimbangela

Minyaka yonke kuba nemithombo eyengeziwe yokungcola komsindo. Njengamanje zifaka:

• ezokuthutha, ezomoya nomoya wesitimela,
• ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni
• ukwakha, ukulungisa,
• isayina
• izinja ezikhonkotha
• imisebe yokudla komoya,
• ama-compressors.

Umsindo uvela ezenzweni zabantu. Ezindaweni eziyizindawo zamadolobha amakhulu, izinga lazo lingaphakama ngangokunokwenzeka, ngenxa yokuhlelwa okungalungile kohlelo lwamadolobha (indawo yesikhumulo sezindiza, ifektri, ifektri eduze kwezakhiwo zokuhlala).

Enye yezimbangela zokungcoliswa komsindo ovela ezimotweni (izimoto, izitimela, izindiza). Kunomphumela omubi kumuntu ozungeze iwashi, lokhu kuzwakala ikakhulukazi ebusuku, lapho umzimba udinga ukuphumula.

Ngenxa yentuthuko yesimanje, umsindo ungenzeka ngqo ezindlini. Izizathu yimishini yasendlini (isiqandisini, i-TV, umshini wokuwasha, umsakazo, imishini yamakhompiyutha kanye namathoyizi wezingane kagesi).

Umsindo nempilo

Ngokusho kochwepheshe beWorld Health Organisation, ukungcoliswa komsindo kungenye yezinto eziyingozi kakhulu ezithinta imvelo nempilo yengqondo. Ukuvezwa njalo komsindo kungaholela ekulahlekelweni kwezindlebe nezifo zohlelo lwezinzwa. "Isibonakaliso esidabukisa kakhulu edolobheni elikhulu yikhanda elihlala njalo, esihlala singeke sihlangane nokungcola komsindo.Futhi ngenxa yokudangala, i-neurosis, ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu zemitholampilo, ”kusho uMayorova. Ngokusho kwakhe, kungahle kube nomphumela obambezelekile kusuka ekuvezeni umsindo: ngemuva kokusebenza isikhathi eside ehhovisi elinomsindo, umuntu angakhululeka eholidini athule.

Uchwepheshe uveza ukuthi izakhamizi emadolobheni amakhulu zivame ukukhulisa umsindo ngokwazo - zisebenzisa izingcingo zomculo ezinomsindo omkhulu, zizama “ukumemeza” esitimeleni noma eminye imisindo engathandeki. “Noma kunjalo, umsindo uyinto eyinkimbinkimbi: awukwazi ukubala usho ukuthi ukuphi umsindo nokuthi umsindo ukuphi. Okungewona umsindo ezinhlakeni zomthetho akuhlali kungumsindo ongafanele kithina. Ukushiswa kwesicishamlilo ngejubili lakho noma ngosuku lwakho lomshado akufani neze nesiqhumane esishiswa ngumakhelwane wakho ngezikhathi zeMikhosi Yezindiza, "kusho uchwepheshe.

Izingane zisendaweni enkulu yobungozi - uma ingane iba nengqondo ngenxa yokuvezwa komsindo, kungadala ukubambezeleka ekukhuleni ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo, yehlise ikhono lokufunda futhi inciphise ukugxila.

"Lezi yizinkinga ezinkulu zempilo ezingathathelwa yinto ebonakala ingenangozi futhi idlula ngokushesha njengomsindo omgwaqo. Yonke into ayihambanga ngendlela ebesingathanda ngayo, ”kusho uKsenia Mayorova.

Izinhlobo zomsindo

Kukhona ukuhlukaniswa okuthile kwethonya lomsindo. Ochwepheshe bakhomba izinhlobo eziningana zokungcola komsindo, ngokuya ngezici.

Ububanzi bemvelaphi nokusatshalaliswa:

• umsindo wesakhiwo - avele ngenxa yokunyakaza okuhlobene ngokuthile,
• umoya - vuka ngesizathu esifanayo, kepha umthombo wazo awuhlangene nanoma yini, umsindo ungena emoyeni (ngokwesibonelo, i-alamu yemoto).

Uhlobo lokubonakala komsindo:

• ngomshini
• i-aerodynamic (izinjini zama-rocket, ama-compressors),
• hydrodynamic (ukunyakaza emanzini),
• i-electromagnetic (umsebenzi wamadivayisi kagesi).

Izinhlobo eziningana zokuvezwa komsindo zingavela ngasikhathi sinye (umsebenzi wokwakha eduze komgwaqo, ukusebenza ngokuhlanganyela kwezindlela eziningana). Noma yiziphi izinketho zokungcoliswa komsindo ezingadala izinkinga zempilo yengqondo nezomzimba.

Ukuvikelwa komsindo

Izama ukuxazulula inkinga yokungcoliswa komsindo, abantu basebenzise amahedfoni - bazenzela imvelo yomsindo ngamunye. UMayorova uveza ukuthi izindlela zokuzivikela zivula uqobo: uma umuntu evezwa ngumsindo, uyeva kuye. “Uma umuntu engena endaweni yomsindo engathandeki, uyayijwayela. Uzokwenza sengathi kufanele kube njalo, ngoba unendlela yokuzivikela nokuzivumelanisa nezimo, ”kusho uchwepheshe.

Uveza ukuthi abantu bakha indawo yasemadolobheni ngokususelwa ekubonweni okubukwayo, ngoba amehlo angumthombo oyinhloko wolwazi. “Kunake kakhulu ukunakwa ukuthi idolobha lizokhala kanjani. Bakwazi ukuthola ngomsindo wezikhala kuphela ngokuxhaphaza kwabo, ”kusho yena. Isazi somqondo waseCanada uRaymond Murray Schaefer sibize lesi simo ngokuthi singafundile futhi saphakamisa ukuthi abaklami bafundiswe ukuthi banake umsindo wezikhala.

U-Ksenia Mayorova udonsela ukunakekela enkingeni "ebucayi futhi eqondakala kancane" - ubudlelwane babantu komunye nomunye. Abantu bangathonya izinga lomsindo wendawo ngokwabo: ungakhulumi kakhulu ngocingo ezindaweni zomphakathi, wenqaba imoto evumela ukuthuthwa ngumphakathi, hlela ukuthula nomakhelwane.

“Ngeke sikwazi ukwakha kabusha imigwaqo emikhulu ngokwethu, nokudlulisela nezindiza. Kunezinga lomsindo we-grassroots: sonke sizibandakanya ekukhiqizeni umsindo lapho sihamba, lapho sikhuluma. Singakuthonya lokhu. Kungumbuzo okufanele ucabange ngawo - yiziphi izindlela zomsindo ezilayisha wena nezinto wena, njengomhlali wedolobha, ongazenza ukuthuthukisa isimo somsindo, ”kusho uchwepheshe.

Zonke izinsuku sibhala ngezingqinamba ezibaluleke kakhulu ezweni lethu. Siyaqiniseka ukuthi bangahlulwa kuphela ngokukhuluma ngokwenzeka ngempela. Ngakho-ke, sithumela ababhaleli ohambweni lwebhizinisi, sishicilele imibiko nezingxoxo, izindaba zezithombe nemibono yesazi. Siqoqa imali ngezimali eziningi - futhi asithathi inzalo kubo emsebenzini wethu.

Kepha “izindaba ezinjengazo” ngokwazo zibangelwa iminikelo. Futhi sicela ukuthi unikele njalo ngenyanga ukusekela iphrojekthi. Noma yiluphi usizo, ikakhulukazi uma lujwayelekile, lusisiza ukuba sisebenze. Amashumi amahlanu, nekhulu, ama-ruble angamakhulu amahlanu yithuba lethu lokuhlela umsebenzi.

Sicela ubhalisele kunoma imuphi umnikelo esivuna thina. Ngiyabonga.

Kuthunyelwe umyalezo kubhokisi lakho lokungenayo eliqukethe isixhumanisi ukuze uqinisekise ikheli elifanele. Sicela ulandele isixhumanisi ukuze uqedele ukubhalisa.

Uma umyalezo ungafikanga imizuzu eyi-15, hlola ifolda enguGaxekile. Uma ngabe le ncwadi iwele kule folda ngokungazelelwe, vula incwadi, chofoza inkinobho ethi "Musa Ukugaxekile" bese uchofoza kusixhumanisi sokuqinisekisa. Uma umyalezo ungekho kufolda ogaxekile, zama ukubhalisa futhi. Kungenzeka wenze iphutha ngenkathi ufaka ikheli.

Amalungelo ahlukile kwesithombe nezinye izinto zingezababhali. Noma yikuphi ukubekwa kwezinto zokwenziwa ezinsizakalweni zangaphandle kufanele kuvunyelwane nabanikazi be-copyright.

Yonke imibuzo, thinta [email protected]

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(Imizuzu engu-1 nge-01.20.2020)

1. Inani lalokhu kunikezwa komphakathi
   1. Ukunikezwa kwangempela komphakathi ("Ukunikeza") isiphakamiso seSikhwama Sesiza Sosizo Kubantu Abangavikelekile “Abadinga Usizo” ("Isikhwama"), imininingwane ekhonjiswe eSigabeni 6 se-Offer, kumuntu onguMqondisi u-Aleshkovsky Dmitry Petrovich, osebenza ngesisekelo seCharter, ukuphetha nanoma yimuphi umuntu ozophendula kwi-Offer ("Umxhasi"), isivumelwano sokunikela ("Isivumelwano"), ngaphansi kwemibandela enikezwe i-Offer.
   2. Ukunikezwa kungumnikelo womphakathi ngokuya ngesigaba 2 se-Article 437 se-Code Code of the Russian Federation.
   3. Lo mnikelo uzoqala ukusebenza ngosuku olulandelayo oluthunyelwe kuwebhusayithi yesiKhwama kwi-Intanethi ku-nuzhnapomosh.ru.
   4. Ukunikezwa kusebenza ngokuphelele. Isikhwama sinelungelo lokukhansela i-Offer nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngaphandle kwencazelo.
   5. Okunikezwayo kungenzeka kuchitshiyelwe futhi kunezelwe, okuzoqala ukusebenza ngosuku olulandelayo ngosuku lokuthumela kwabo kwiwebhusayithi yesiKhwama.
   6. Ukungasebenzi kwesimo esisodwa noma eziningana ze-Offer akukufaki ukungasebenzi kwazo zonke ezinye izimo zoMnikelo.
   7. Indawo okuhlinzekwa ngayo ibhekwa njengedolobha laseMoscow, iRussia Federation.
2. Imibandela ebalulekile Yesivumelwano
   1. Ngaphansi kwalesi sivumelwano, iDonor idlulisela imali yayo ibe ngumnikelo wokuzithandela kunoma yiziphi izindlela ezichazwe kwisigatshana 3.2, futhi iSikhwama samukela lowo mnikelo futhi siwusebenzisa ngokuya ngezinhloso ezingokomthetho zesiKhwama.
   2. Ukudluliselwa kwemali esiKhwameni ngaphansi kwalesi sinikelo kungumnikelo ngokuya nge-Article 582 ye-Code Code of the Russian Federation. Iqiniso lokuthi umnikelo wanikelwa luqinisekisa ukwamukelwa komhlinzeki ngemibandela yokunikezwa.
   3. Ngemuva kokuthola umnikelo enhlanganweni ebamba iqhaza ezinhlelweni noma enhlanganweni yesisa ye-Want Aid.ru, iSikhwama sizothumela umnikelo ka-100% kule nhlangano. Isikhwama asigodli iphesenti lemali etholakele.
   4. Inhloso yalowo mnikelo: umnikelo wesisa udluliselwa ekwenzeni imisebenzi egunyaziwe yesiKhwama.
3. Inqubo yokuqeda inkontileka
   1. Inkontileka iphethwa ngokwamukela i-Offer yi-Donor.
   2. Ukunikezwa kungamukelwa ngumnikeli ngokudlulisela imali nganoma iyiphi indlela yokukhokha ekhonjiswe kumawebhusayithi, okungukuthi:
      1. ngokudlulisela imali nguMnikeli esikhundleni seSikhwama ngomyalo wokukhokha ngemininingwane echazwe kwisigatshana sesi-6 se-Offer, ekhombisa "ukunikela ngemisebenzi eyenziwa ngumthetho" noma "umnikelo wokuqaliswa koHlelo Loncedo" Ludinga Usizo ..ru ", kulayini:" inhloso yokukhokha ",
      2. kusetshenziswa izikhungo zokukhokha, amakhadi epulasitiki, izinhlelo zokukhokha ngogesi nezinye izindlela nezinhlelo ezethulwe kumawebhusayithi https://nuzhnapomosh.ru/, https: //takiedela.ru/, https: //sluchaem.ru/, https: // tochno.st/ - ukuvumela onikelayo ukuthi adlulisele imali esikhwameni,
      3. ngokubeka ukheshi (ama-banknotes noma izinhlamvu zemali) emabhokisini (emabhokisini) wokuqoqa iminikelo esungulwe yisikhwama noma izinkampani zangaphandle egameni kanye nezinhloso zeSikhwama emphakathini nakwezinye izindawo.
   3. Ukusebenza okwenziwa yilowo onikela kunoma yisiphi isenzo esinikezwe esigatshaneni 3.2 se-Offer kuthathwa njengokuvunywa kwe-Offer ngokuya ngesigaba 3 se-Article 438 se-Code Code of the Russian Federation.
   4. Usuku lokwamukelwa kwe-Offer futhi, ngakho-ke, usuku lokuphela kwesivumelwano usuku lokutholwa kwezimali ezivela kuMnikeli kuya ku-akhawunti yeSikhwama, futhi uma kwenzeka kwenziwa umnikelo ngezimali ngamabhokisi (amabhokisi), usuku lokukhishwa kwemali ebhokisini (ibhokisi) ngabamele abagunyaziwe besiKhwama sokuqoqa iminikelo .
   5. Umuntu onikelayo akabeki isikhathi sokusebenzisa umnikelo wokuzithandela ovela esiKhwameni.
4. Amalungelo nezibopho zamaqembu
   1. Isikhwama siphoqelekile ukusebenzisa imali etholwe kuMnikeli ngaphansi kwalesi sivumelwano ngokuhambisana nomthetho wamanje weRussian Federation kanye nohlaka lwemisebenzi esemthethweni nezinhlelo zosizo "Dinga Usizo. Ru" kanye ne "To Be Accurate".
   2. Umuntu onikelayo unelungelo, ngokubona kwakhe, ukukhetha into yokusiza, ekhombisa Inhloso efanelekile yokukhokha lapho edlulisa iminikelo. Uhlu olusha lwakamuva lwamaphrojekthi kanye nezisekelo ezibamba iqhaza kuhlelo lwe-Aid Help.ru lushicilelwa kuwebhusayithi, ezinkundleni zokuxhumana nakwezokuxhumana. Imali etholwe kuMnikeli njengeminikelo ebingasetshenziswanga yisikhwama ngokugcwele noma ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokuvalwa kwesidingo ngokuya ngezinhloso zeminikelo ayibuyiswa, kodwa iphinde yabiwa yiSikhwama ngokuzimela ngezinhloso ezihlobene nomthetho.
   3. Ngemuva kokuthola ukunikezwa okungenamakheli ku-akhawunti yamanje nalokho okufunwa, iSikhwama sizocacisa ngokuzimela ukusetshenziswa kwaso, okuvela ezintweni zesabelomali ezigunyazwe nguMkhandlu WesiKhwama, okuyingxenye ebalulekile yemisebenzi yeSikhwama noma siqondise kwizindleko zeSikhwama ngezidingo zokuphatha ngokuya nge-Federal Law No. 135 ka-08/11/995 . "Ezinhlanganweni ezinikela ngesisa").
   4. Lowo onikelayo unelungelo lokuthola imininingwane ngokusetshenziswa komnikelo. Ukuze usebenzise leli lungelo, iSikhwama sibeka kuwebhusayithi:
      1. imininingwane ngenani leminikelo etholwe Isikhwama, kufaka nenani leminikelo etholakele ukuhlinzeka usizo esikhwameni ngasinye sephrojekthi ethile,
      2. bika ngokusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe kweminikelo etholakele, okubandakanya iSikhwama ukusiza iphrojekthi ethile,
      3. bika ngokusetshenziswa kweminikelo uma kwenzeka kuba noshintsho ezinhlosweni lapho umnikelo uqondiswe khona. Umuntu onikelayo ongavumelani noshintsho ngenhloso yokuthola imali unelungelo lokufuna imali ebhaliwe ngokubhala kungakapheli izinsuku eziyi-14 zekhalenda ngemuva kokushicilelwa kwalolu lwazi.
   5. Isikhwama asithwali ezinye izibopho kuMnikeli, ngaphandle kwezibopho ezichazwe kulesi Sivumelwano.
5. Ezinye izimo
   1. Ekwenza ngezenzo ezinikezwe yilomhlinzeki, lowo onikelayo uqinisekisa ukuthi ujwayelene nemibandela nombhalo waleli Offer, izinhloso zesikhwama kanye nemigomo kuhlelo lokupha ngesisa oluthi “Dinga Usizo.ru” kanye nethi “Ukuze Unembe”, uyakuqonda ukubaluleka kwezenzo zakhe, futhi unamalungelo kuzo ikhomishini futhi yemukela ngokuphelele imigomo yalesi Ukunikezwa
   2. Lokhu kunikezwa kulawulwa futhi kuthathwa njengokuhambisana nemithetho yeRussian Federation.
6. Imininingwane Yesikhwama

   Isikhwama Sosizo Sosizo Kwezakhamizi ezingavikelekile "Zidinga Usizo"

   Ikheli: 119270, Moscow, Luzhnetskaya embankment, 2/4, p. 16, Igumbi 405
   TIN: 9710001171
   IGebox: 770401001
   I-PSRN: 1157700014053
   Inombolo ye-Akhawunti yePayee: 40703810238000002575
   Inombolo yombhali i-akhawunti yebhange le-payee: 30101810400000000225
   Igama lebhange lomhlomuli: PJSC SBERBANK WERUSSIA Moscow
   I-BIC: 044525225

   Ngokubhalisa kwiwebhusayithi yesikhwama senhlangano i-Charity Fund "Dinga Usizo", okubandakanya izigaba "I-Journal" (takiedela.ru), "Fund" (nuzhnapomosh.ru), "Imicimbi" (sluchaem.ru), "To be clear" (tochno .st), ("iSayithi") kanye / noma ukwamukela imigomo yokunikezwa komphakathi okuthethwe kwisiza, uyavuma Isikhwama Sokulekelela Izakhamizi Ezingavikelekile Zokuxhumana "Zidinga Usizo" ("Isikhwama") ukucubungula imininingwane yakho: igama, isibongo, i-patronymic, inombolo yocingo, ikheli le-imeyili, usuku noma indawo azalelwa kuyo, izithombe, izixhumanisi esizeni somuntu siqu, ama-akhawunti ekuxhumaneni nomphakathi, njll. ("Idatha yomuntu siqu") ngale mibandela elandelayo.

   Imininingwane yomuntu uqobo icutshungulwa yisikhwama ngenhloso yokufeza isivumelwano seminikelo esenziwe phakathi kwakho neSikhwama, ngenhloso yokukuthumelela imiyalezo yolwazi ngendlela yama-imeyili, imiyalezo ye-SMS. Kubandakanya (kepha kungagcini lapho) Isikhwama singakuthumela izaziso zeminikelo, izindaba nemibiko ngomsebenzi weSikhwama. Futhi, imininingwane yomuntu uqobo ingahle icutshungulwe ngezinhloso zokusebenzisa okulungile kwe-Akhawunti Yomuntu Yomuntu Yesayithi ku-m.nuzhnapomosh.ru.

   Imininingwane yomuntu uqobo izocutshungulwa yisikhwama ngokuqoqa imininingwane yomuntu uqobo, ukurekhoda, ukuhlela, ukuqongelela, ukugcina, ukubuyekeza (ukubuyekeza, ukuvuselela), ukukhipha, ukusebenzisa, ukucisha kanye nokubhubhisa (kusetshenziswa amathuluzi we-automation futhi ngaphandle kokuwasebenzisa).

   Ukudluliselwa kwedatha yomuntu siqu kubantu besithathu kungenziwa kuphela ngenxa yezizathu ezinikezwe ngumthetho weRussian Federation.

   Imininingwane yomuntu uqobo izocutshungulwa yisikhwama kuze kufezeke inhloso yokufaka echazwe ngenhla, futhi ngemuva kwalokho izodalulwa noma ichithwe, njengoba kudingwa umthetho osebenzayo weRussian Federation.

   Kuyini ukungcoliswa komsindo?

   Bakhuluma ngomsindo, basho imisindo ephakeme, engashayi eceleni, engenangqondo ethwala ukucasulwa. Ukungcoliswa kwemisindo, njengomthetho, kuqukethe i-hum ekhiqizwa izindlela zobuchwepheshe. Kukholelwa ukuthi imisindo yemvelo ibuye ihlobene nokucasukela komlomo. Kepha lo mbono awulungile, ngoba izidalwa eziphilayo zijwayela imisindo yemvelo.

   Isimo esijwayelekile sendawo yasemadolobheni ngumsindo. Imisindo eminingi yomsindo ohlukile, ubukhulu, imvamisa, ukugcwala komgwaqo, efulethini, ehhovisi. Ngaphandle kwezakhiwo, abantu kanye nezilwane bahlangana nokukhala kwezimoto ezahlukahlukene, okujwayelekile edolobheni. Umsindo wobuchwepheshe uhambisana nomuntu egumbini.

   Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zomsindo:

   1. Okungavunyelwe, okuzayo.
   2. Ukungalingani noma ukuqhubeka.
   3. Umfutho, ngokushesha.

   Ekubukeni kokuqala, umsindo awufanele ukuqhathaniswa nokungcola, ngoba umphumela wawo awubonakali kangako ekuqaleni. Kepha umthelela we-acoustic (izinhlobo ezimbili zokuqala), owedlula izinkambiso ezivumelekile, ulimaza impilo yabantu nayo yonke imvelo.

   Umthelela wezemvelo womsindo uphezulu. Izilwane, izinyoni, ukugwema ukuthukuthela, zishiya izindawo zazo. Izidalwa eziphilayo zilahlekelwe yimigqi yazo yemvelo, ebenza bashintshe indlela abaziphatha ngayo, futhi abazingelayo, bayofuna ukudla ukuze kuhlalwe ngabantu.

   Imithombo yokungcoliswa komsindo

   I-acoustic buzz iyacasula njalo izakhamizi ze-metropolis, abasebenzi bezimboni, nezinye izinhlangano eziningi. Ukungcoliswa komsindo wemvelo nokwenziwa kuhamba nabantu ezindaweni zonke, njengoba imithombo yawo isizungezile. Izakhamizi zanoma yisiphi isifunda zithola ukucasulwa kakhulu kusuka ku:

   • izitimela ezingaphansi komhlaba
   • amathamu
   • izitimela
   • ezokuhamba ngomgwaqo
   • indiza
   • umsebenzi wokwakha.

   Imithombo yomthwalo we-acoustic ithathwa njengezinto eziningi ezejwayelekile ezitholakala ngaphakathi kwehhovisi, efulethini, esitolo:

   • ilifti,
   • umshini ongenisa umoya,
   • iphrinta (okopisha),
   • ikhompyutha,
   • indawo yokuhlanza,
   • Isishisi,
   • Washer,
   • isiqandisi,
   • I-TV,
   • umsakazo,
   • umsindo owenziwe omakhelwane
   • ukukhonkotha inja
   • i-alamu yemoto
   • umculo omkhulu.

   Imithombo yokungcoliswa komsindo ethinta imvelo engaphandle kwezindawo zokuhlala zabantu:

   • ukusebenza kwami
   • okwami
   • amachweba
   • amabhizinisi ezimboni
   • izitshalo zamandla.

   Yonke impumelelo eyenziwe yimpucuko, yenza lula futhi ithuthukise izimpilo zabantu, yakha ukuthukuthela okuthinta umzimba womuntu.

   Imisindo yomsindo

   Ukwanda okusheshayo kokucasulwa kwe-acoustic kuholele esimweni lapho kunesidingo sokuthatha izinyathelo zokulwa nale nkinga. Lokhu kusebenza ngezinyathelo zokulawula ubunjalo kanye nomsindo wezinga.

   Inhlangano Yezempilo Yezwe Yezokuvikelwa Kwabantu yethule umthetho wokuvinjwa kwemisindo ebanga umsindo ebusuku. Ukulawulwa kokungcola komsindo kwenziwa eRussia Federation. Izwe selisungule izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokulwa nokucasulwa kwama-acoustic:

   • kwezomthetho
   • ukuvimbela
   • kwenhlangano
   • design
   • ukwakhiwa
   • kwezobuchwepheshe nezobuchwepheshe.

   Umthetho emkhakheni wokulawulwa kwemithwalo ye-acoustic ufaka amazinga wezwe (2337-2014, 12.1.003-2014, 17187), imithetho yokuhlanzeka kanye nokuhlaselwa kwezifo kanye nemigomo (2.2.4 / 2.1.8.562 / 96, 2.1.2.2645-10) echaza izinga lomsindo elivumelekile ezindaweni zokuhlala. IFederal Law No. 52 ka-Mashi 30, 1999 icacisa ukungaphazamiseki kokulimaza abantu ngokuvezwa komsindo.

   Ngaphezu kwezenzo ezijwayelekile ezijwayelekile, izenzo zokuphatha zezifunda, imiyalo, imithetho nezincomo ziyasebenza esifundweni ngasinye sokuphatha.

   Ukulawulwa kwemisindo

   Eminyakeni engamashumi amahlanu edlule, i- "International Organisation for the Suppression of Noise" yaqala ukusebenza. Kusukela kulowo mzuzu, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinyathelo eziphelele zokulwa nokungcoliswa komsindo nokulawula inani lezinto zezinto ezahlukahlukene kwaqala.

   Njengomphumela womsebenzi omude wenhlangano, ohulumeni bezwe, izikhungo zokucwaninga, izindlela ziye zakhiwa ezazilawula isizinda se-acoustic:

   • ukuvimbela
   • ukuncishiswa komsindo emthonjeni wawo,
   • ibeka izithiyo zokugqugquzela,
   • indlela yokunwebeka,
   • ukuvikelwa komphakathi emiphumeleni yokungcola komoya.

   Indlela ephumelela kunazo zonke yokulawula ukungcola komsindo we-biology ukuvimbela. Lapho uhlela, kwakha amabhizinisi ezimboni, izindawo zezindiza, iziteshi zezitimela, amadolobha, izindawo zokuhlala, imigwaqo emikhulu, ukubalwa komthwalo we-acoustic obikezelwe kusenziwa. Imiphumela izofakwa kumaphrojekthi wezokwakha, ukusabalalisa ukufakwa komsindo.

   Indlela ephumelelayo yokulawula ukungcoliswa komsindo ukunciphisa izinga lomsindo emthonjeni. Njengoba umthwalo omkhulu we-acoustic ubangelwa ukuthutha komgwaqo, kungakuhle ukuthi wenze ushintsho ekwakhiweni kwawo (ukufakwa kwama-silencers).

   Emabhizinisini ezimboni, kufakwa imisindo yokufakwa kwemishini yemishini, ama-gaskets athambile kanye nezihlanganisi. Ezindaweni zokwakha, ukuphathwa kwezinga le-hum kwenziwa ngokuhanjiswa kanye nokuhlelwa komsebenzi onomsindo.

   Umthelela wobuntu

   Ucwaningo ngemiphumela yemisindo kubantu lwaqala endulo. Ababusi bamadolobha asendulo baletha imithetho ekhawulela umphumela womsindo kubantu ebusuku. Futhi, abephula umyalo babulawa ngomsindo: kwakukhala insimbi eceleni komsolwa, kancane kancane abulale umuntu ngensini yakhe.

   

   Emkhakheni weRussian Federation, ama-30% abahlali basemadolobheni asethubeni lokuqhamuka nomsindo ovela ezimotweni nsuku zonke.

   Ithuluzi lokulinganisa lomsindo

   Ukungcoliswa kwe-acoustic kukalwa kuma-decibels (dB) - amayunithi wesilinganiso emelela isilinganiso sevolumu. Umsindo, ongalimazi abantu nemvelo, yi-45 dB. Imisindo umthamo wayo odlula i-80 dB uthathwa njengokungcoliswa komsindo. Amagagasi omsindo asebenza njengokushaya kubalwa kuMachs.

   Ukuze ulwe nokungcoliswa komsindo, umthwalo we-acoustic unqunywa njalo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa amamitha ezinga lomsindo - amadivayisi wokulinganisa izinga lomsindo.

   Umnyombo wale divayisi ukuthi amaza omsindo amukelwa imakrofoni, futhi adlule ohlelweni lokuhlunga futhi aguqule, asebenze kwi-voltmeter. Izinkomba zenziwa kabusha esikrinini sedijithali. Amamitha amaningi ezinga lomsindo webhethri ayasebenza.

   Izinga lesenzo

   Izinga lokungcoliswa komsindo kubantu liyehluka. Ukuqonda komsindo kuncike ezicini eziningana:

   1. Ubudala - izingane, abantu asebekhulile batholwa kakhulu yimiphumela yomsindo.
   2. Ukushisa - i-choleric, i-sanguine kungenzeka ithintwe yimvelo.
   3. Ubulili - abesifazane abazinzile njengabesilisa.
   4. Isimo sempilo - abantu abanezifo ezingamahlalakhona bazwela kakhulu.
   5. Izimo zokuphila - abahlali bezindawo ezixakekile, izindlu ezingenawo umsindo okuvikelekile zitholakala kakhulu ngomsindo.
   6. Imvelo yomsebenzi - abasebenzi bezokwakha, abasebenzi basefekthri, abasebenzi basehhovisi, othisha bezikole bahlala bechazelwa imisindo ephakeme, emangazayo.

   Kwesinye isikhathi umuntu unqotshwa isenzo somsindo ezicini eziningi ngasikhathi sinye. Umphumela walokhu ukubonakaliswa okusheshayo kwezimpawu.

   Imiphumela

   Kumuntu othinteka njalo yimisindo, kungahle kube nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kwezempilo. Izimpawu zokuqala zokugula komsindo ukungabekezeleleki nenkinga yokulala. Amathuba okufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngenxa yokungcoliswa komsindo awakhawulwanga.

   • Umphumela womsindo kumuntu lapho elele futhi uvuka (kusihlwa kuholela ezinguweni ezibukhali zomfutho wegazi, futhi ekuseni kuya ekujuleni kwenhliziyo eshayayo),
   • imisindo evamile (umsindo wasendlini, wekhompyutha, wehhovisi).

   Ngaphezu kwemisindo ejwayelekile, abantu bavezwa ngemisebe ye-infrared ne-ultrasonic. Ngisho nesikhathi esifushane sesenzo sabo singavusa ukuwohloka kwemizwa, isimo sokudideka, ukukhathazeka nokwesaba. Futhi ukuqina okuthe xaxa kubangela ukunganaki, ikhanda.

   

   Ukungcoliswa ngokweqile kwedolobha ngomsindo kulimaza abantu. Ukucasuka kwe-acoustic kuyanqwabelana futhi ngezinye izikhathi kubangele imiphumela engenakuphikwa:

   • izifo zemizwa
   • isiyezi,
   • thula
   • isiphazamiso
   • isifo senhliziyo, isibindi.

   Umphumela womsindo embonweni kanye namathuluzi we-vestibular kunciphisa ukukhalipha, okudala izingozi. Ukuthula okuphelele nakho kudala ukungakhululeki kumuntu, kunciphile ukusebenza. Imisindo yemvelo (amaqabunga agqwala, amanzi agigging, i-birdong) ilungele impilo yakho.

   Umthelela emhlabeni wangaphandle

   Ukuvalwa kwemisindo komkhathi kuholela ekuphazamisweni ekulinganiseni okungokwemvelo kwezinhlelo zemvelo. Izilwane, izinambuzane zilahlekelwa amandla abo okuhamba, ukuxhumana, ukufuna ukudla. Baqala ukwethuka futhi benze umsindo, ngaleyondlela, bephazamisa ibhalansi nangaphezulu. Futhi abamele umhlaba wamanzi (amahlengethwa, imikhomo) baphonswa ogwini ngenxa yokungcoliswa komsindo wolwandle ngabasizi bemikhumbi.

   

   Icala elaziwayo liwukuthi izinkulungwane zemibungu ye-tern ehlanganisiwe yafa ngenxa yokuphinda kwakheka eduze kwalelo gadi. Umsindo wobuchwepheshe, osakaza ama-km angama-5-7, ube nomthelela ongemuhle kumachwane. Amangqamuzana ezitshalo nawo abiza imisindo emikhulu: izitshalo ziqala ukwenza umswakama ngendlela enwebekile bese zoma.

   Izindlela zokuvikela

   Ukulwa komuntu ngomsindo kuhlala isikhathi eside. Ngo-1959, basungula i-International Organisation for the Control of Sound exposed. Ngalesi sikhathi, kuye kwenziwa izindlela zokuvikela nokunciphisa ukungcoliswa komsindo:

   1. Lapho udizayina izinto “ezinomsindo” (isibonelo, ithrekhi yesitimela), kubalulekile ukusebenzisa imishini ye-elekthronikhi ukuthola ukuthi “ingawenza umsindo” kanjani futhi izame ukuvimba noma yehlise umkhawulo womsindo.
   2. Ezindlini zokuhlala, ukuvikelwa kwenziwa ngokufaka amafasitela akhethekile nezicabha, udonga nokufakwa ophahleni ngamaphaneli angenamisindo.
   3. Kufakwa izikrini ezifaka imisindo emigwaqweni yezimoto.
   4. Imigwaqo isuswa ngangokunokwenzeka ezikhungweni zemfundo, ezibhedlela.
   5. Amakhadi omsindo adaliwe.
   6. I-Silencers ifakwa kuthuluzi le-pneumatic.
   7. Ezindaweni ezinezinga lomsindo ngaphezu kokujwayelekile, kukhona amakamelo kuphela amahhovisi, ngoba ebusuku akukho noyedwa kuwo.
   8. Abasebenzi bezimboni "ezinomsindo" kungakuhle ukuthi basebenzise izindlebe noma izinhloko ezikhethekile.
   9. Ujantshi osetshenzisiwe ngaphandle kwamajoyinti (okubizwa nge- "velvet track").

   Izinga lomsindo lilinganiswa kusetshenziswa amathuluzi akhethekile nemishini. Umsindo ku-15 dB (ama-decibels) - ukhululekile emzimbeni womuntu.

   Izindlela zomthetho

   Izinga lokungcoliswa komsindo licishe lifinyelele ngokuphelele ekwazini kwezakhamizi, ukuhambisana kwazo nemithetho yezokuphepha. Kukhona izinhlangano zomphakathi ezizimele ezinenhloso yazo ukuthola ukuthula ebumnyameni (22: 00-06: 00 ngezinsuku zamasonto, 23: 00-09: 00 ngezimpelasonto), ukukhuthaza inhlonipho ngemithetho kanye nabantu abasondelene nabo.

   E-Russia, kunemigomo ekhombisa ileveli ephezulu yemisindo evumelekile yezindawo zokusebenza, izindawo zomphakathi nezindlu. Umkhawulo ovumelekile ophakeme phakathi nosuku = 55 dB.

   Imithetho yokulandela ingafaka izinhlawulo zokuphatha, imikhawulo yokusetshenziswa kwezimpawu zamoto ezindaweni zokupaka, ukusetshenziswa komphakathi kwabantu abatholayo, amarekhodi aqoshwa ngasikhathi esingafanele. Isethi yezidingo isungulwa iziphathimandla zasekhaya.

   Ngeshwa, abantu abakwazi ukubona ngesikhathi ukuthi bavezwa ngumsindo futhi lokhu kuholela emiphumeleni emibi. Ukuze ubavimbele ekuphakameni, kubalulekile ukulandela imithetho ebekiwe ngenkathi usekhaya, ukugwema ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwempahla yasendlini, uma kungenzeka, ukuya eholidini elingaphandle kwedolobha, ngokwemvelo.

   Imiphumela yezempilo yomsindo

   Kunzima ukwedlula umthelela womsindo empilweni yabantu. Imisindo icindezela uhlelo lwezinzwa, iphazamise ukugxila, isondo, ibangele ukungadabuki. Ukuba khona njalo endaweni endaweni yokungcola komsindo kuholela ekuphazanyisweni kokulala kanye nokukhubazeka kwezindlebe. Imiphumela yemisindo ingadala ngisho nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo.

   p, blockquote 4,0,0,0,0,0 ->

   Ubukhulu bomphumela womsindo uhlukile kumuntu ngamunye. Iqembu elisengozini enkulu lifaka izingane, asebekhulile, abantu abahlushwa yizifo ezingamahlalakhona, izakhamizi zezindawo eziseduzane zewashi lomuzi, ezihlala ezakhiweni ezingafakwanga umsindo.

   p, blockquote 5,0,0,0,0 ->

   Lapho uhlala ezindleleni ezixakekile isikhathi eside, lapho izinga lomsindo limayelana ne-60 dB, ngokwesibonelo, emi endaweni yokugcwala ithrafikhi, isenzo senhliziyo yomuntu singaphazamiseka.

   p, blockquote 6,1,0,0,0 ->

   Umthetho Wokunciphisa Umsindo

   E-Russia, izifundo ezithokozisayo ngezikhathi ezithile zivela enkingeni yomsindo ezindaweni zokuhlala zasemadolobheni, kepha emazingeni fedle, esifundeni nakomasipala, akukho mithetho nemithethonqubo eyemukelwa ngezinjongo ezikhethekile zokulwa nokungcoliswa komsindo. Kuze kube manje, umthetho weRussian Federation uqukethe kuphela izinhlinzeko ezithile zokuvikela imvelo emsindweni nasekuvikeleni abantu emiphumeleni elimazayo.

   p, blockquote 9,0,0,1,0 ->

   Emazweni amaningi aseYurophu. IMelika ne-Asia inemithetho ekhethekile. Sekuyisikhathi esizayo nethuba lethu. E-Russian Federation, kuyadingeka ukwamukela umthetho okhethekile nemithetho kamasipala ngomsindo nangezinsimbi zomnotho ukuze kuliwe nawo.

   p, blockquote 10,0,0,0,0 ->

   Umsindo kungenzeka manje

   Uma abahlali bendlu beqonda ukuthi isizinda somsindo nokudlidliza kweqa izinga elivumelekile (PDU), bangathinta iRospotrebnadzor ngesimangalo futhi bacele ukuhlolisiswa ngendawo yokuhlala lapho uhlala khona. Uma, ngokuya ngemiphumela yokuhlola, kusungulwa ukwanda kokulawulwa kude, owephulayo uzocelwa ukuthi aqinisekise ukusebenza kwemishini yezobuchwepheshe (uma ngabe kunguyena obangele okweqile) ngokuya ngamazinga.

   p, blockquote 11,0,0,0,0 -> p, blockquote 12,0,0,0,1 ->

   Kungenzeka ukuthi usebenze ekuphathweni kwezifunda zasekhaya nezasekhaya ngemfuno yokwakhiwa kabusha komsindo-ubufakazi besakhiwo. Imisebenzi yokulwa nokungcoliswa kwemisindo kwemvelo ingaxazululwa ezingeni lamabhizinisi ngamanye. Ngakho-ke amasistimu we-anti-acoustic akhiwa eduze kwemizila yesitimela, eduze kwezindawo zezimboni (ngokwesibonelo, izitshalo zamandla) nokuvikela izindawo zokuhlala nepaki zedolobha.

   Umphumela wokungcola komsindo empilweni yabantu

   Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, izinga lomsindo eliphephile lezinto eziphilayo yi-45 dB. Ivolumu edlula i-80 dB inethonya elibi empilweni yabantu. Ukuhlala njalo, ukuqongelela ukungcoliswa komzimba kuholela kulezi zinkinga ezilandelayo:

   • ukukhathala,
   • i-neurosis
   • ukuqwasha,
   • ukwehla kwezwela lokuzwa,
   • isifo sokuqina kwemizwa,
   • angina pectoris
   • ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo.

   Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungcoliswa komsindo kwe-100dB noma ngaphezulu kubangela ukulahleka kwezindlebe okuhlala njalo. Ingozi yalezi kanye nezinye izifo iphezulu, ngoba ukuvezwa komsindo kuyanda. Ukuhlolwa kokulimala kwemisindo ekhalayo entweni ethile kungenzeka kuphela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi (ngemuva kweminyaka engama-5 ukuya kwengama-5).

   Uma uhlala useduze nezimoto, amabhizinisi asezimboni, impilo yakho iba mbi lapho ivolumu lingaphezu kwe-80dB.

   Izibalo zokungcola komsindo emadolobheni aseRussia

   Kunedatha encane etholakala esidlangalaleni kumthwalo we-acoustic ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi bezwe. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izifundo ezinjalo azivamile ukwenziwa, futhi ayikho indlela eyodwa noma indlela yokunquma izinga lokungcola komsindo.

   Ngokuqhathanisa nethonya lezimoto ngemuva komuzi wedolobha, abacwaningi baphawula ukuthi umthelela omkhulu kakhulu we-hum useMegacities: eMoscow, eSt. Ukungcoliswa komsindo womkhathi kula madolobha kukhuphuke kaningana kunakwezinye izindawo zaseRussia.

   Ukulinganisa ingqikithi yezici ze-anthropogenic ezikhulisa umthwalo we-acoustic (ujantshi, amabhizinisi asezimboni, izindawo zokwakha, isikhumulo sezindiza ngaphakathi komkhawulo wedolobha, izimayini), phakathi kwamadolobha aseRussian Federation, ayahlukaniswa (ukuze anciphise izinga lomsindo):

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