Thambisa i-Fieldberry - Kuyathutha futhi kuyabusika inyoni, elathola igama laso ngenxa yothando lwamajikijolo ama-rowan. Kubhekiswa eqenjini londlunkulu. Kakhulu impela, kunokwehluka okuvela kwezinye izinhlobo zamabhuya amnyama.
Incazelo Nezici
Inyoni endala inesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-150. Ubude bomzimba bungama-30 cm, ngokwesilinganiso. Izimpiko zingamasentimitha angama-45. Izinsikazi nezinsikazi azifani ngosayizi nombala walesi sifuba. Umbala wenyoni unemibala, enemibala ehlukahlukene. Isifuba sikhanya, kancane siphuzi, ikhanda nentamo grey. Ngemuva nomsila onsundu.
Izimpiko nomsila zimhlophe ngezansi. Izimpaphe ezimnyama, ezicishe zibe mnyama ziye esifubeni nasentanyeni. Umlomo uqinile, umfishane, ubukhali. Kumnyama ekugcineni kunasezansi. Amehlo aphakathi ngosayizi, ayindilinga, ngesifo esimnyama, ngenxa yalokho, esithombeni esithambile ubukeka enokhahlo futhi ethukuthele.
Lezi zinyoni azazi ukuthi zihamba kanjani emhlabathini, zihamba ngokugxuma okuvamile, okuncane. Ama-paws abo amnyama ngombala ngeminwe emincane kodwa eqinile nemisipha ebukhali. Izimpaphe zikhuluphele, zigcotshwe nge-sebum, okuvumela inyoni ukuthi ingangeni ebusika, igaya iqhwa lapho ifuna ukudla.
Izwi le-thrush Kunzima ukubiza umbhali wengoma. Esikhundleni salokho, iyadidizela futhi iyaduma, iyafana nemisindo: "chak-chik-chak", futhi uma kwenzeka ingozi: "ra-ra-ra". Akuvamile ukuthi bacule, bangakwazi ukugqekeza ngempukane. Zimemeza kakhulu zisengozini, zixwayisa ikoloni nezinye izinyoni. Lapho omnyama behlala eduze kwabantu, babangela ukungaphatheki kahle okukhala ngabo.
Lezi zinyoni zinamahloni futhi ziyaqapha. Ababethembi ngempela abantu, kepha kwesinye isikhathi, abanye babo bayalokotha benze isidleke ngaphansi kophahla lwendlu yangasese noma ngakwesokudla kuvulandi wesakhiwo esinezitezi ezinhlanu.
Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-60 emndenini we-thrush. Izinhlobo ezingama-25 kuphela ezitholakala eRussia, noma kunjalo, ezivame kakhulu kuzo ziyisishiyagalombili. Ngezansi uhlu lwezinhlobonhlobo ezingabonakala emadolobheni aseRussia nakwezinye izindawo.
- Isihlabelelo Lezi zinyoni zihlukile kwezinye ngezwi lazo elimnandi, elimnandi, lokukhumbuza ukuculwa kwe-Nightingale. Umbala onsundu unesisu esinsundu, esimhlophe noma siphuzi.
Lalela izwi lengoma ethi thwi
- Okumnyama. Abesilisa balezinhlobo banamapulangwe amnyama anama-low tide. Izinsikazi zilula, zinezimbobo ezinemizila. Eduze kwamehlo unhlangothi olukhanyayo ophuzi, izwi lokuhlabelela.
Lalela ukucula kwe-blackbird
- Isikhumba esimnyama. Isici esihlukile umucu omhlophe ngenhla kwamehlo, ufana neshiya. I-plumage inemibalabala, i-grey enemibala emnyama nebomvu. Ukuculwa kwezinwele ezibomvu kufaka isikhumbuzo se-trill
Lalela izingoma ezihlabelelayo
- Ukuhudula kwesaka. Ummeleli omkhulu wezinhlobo. Uhluke ngombala, isifuba sendwangu yesikhumba simhlophe, emuva nomsila ngopende onsundu.
Lalela ithoni
- I-Forest Thrush. Izinhlobo ezincane kunazo zonke zezikhumba ezimnyama. Umbala ukhanya, ubomvu kakhulu. Abesilisa banezimpaphe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka entanyeni yabo. Maphakathi umphimbo kukhona indawo ekhanyayo, emhlophe, okuthe ngenxa yalokho, iziqu zehlathi zathola igama lesibili "elinekhanda elimhlophe".
- Shama Thrush. Isici esiyingqayizivele sokuhlukanisa yimilenze epinki kanye nomsila omude. Abesilisa balolu hlobo banombala omnyama, onesisu esinsundu. Umsila umhlophe ngezansi. Abesifazane baphutheke ngokwengeziwe, grey.
- I-Plain thrush. Umbala wale amabhloni amnyama grey nge-tint eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Isifuba sikhaphukhaphu kunomzimba wonke. Imilenze imnyama, ngeminwe ekhanyayo nozipho abamnyama.
- Ukuzulazula kwe-Wandering. Impaphe imnyama, kukhona amabala amhlophe azungeze amehlo nentamo. Isisu ngumbala osawolintshi.
Ngaphezu kokubukeka, izinyoni ziyehluka ngendlela yokuphila, ukondleka nokuziphatha.
Indlela yokuphila kanye neHititat
Izinyoni zasendle zingaholela empilweni yokuphila okuguqukayo nokuhlala phansi. Bahlala enyakatho ye-Eurasia, bathuthele eningizimu, e-Afrika, e-Asia Minor noma eYurophu. Ezweni lakithi, izidumbu zalolu hlobo zihlala eSiberia. Muva nje, ama-ornithologists abonile ukuthi amabhulukwe amnyama ziya ngokuya zihlala emadolobheni, ikakhulukazi eminyakeni yokuvuna.
Kutholakale iminyoni yezinyoni ezingama-300, phakathi komakhelwane nasezigangeni ezingaphansi komhlaba. Azizweli ukusweleka kokudla futhi zibekezelela kalula ubusika obunzima baseRussia. Bahlala emapaki amadolobha amakhulu nasemizaneni lapho kukhula khona umlotha wezintaba. Azenzi izidleke emaqeleni noma emahlathini aminyene.
Impilo yinyoni ekhaliphile. Bangabanikazi abakhulu, zama ukungavumeli ezinye izinyoni, abantu nezilwane basondele endaweni yezidleke. Ikhambi abanalo yi-droppings. 'Zigxisha' inyoni noma isilwane esandiza ukudlula kulo lonke leli koloni. Indlela iyasebenza, ngoba eyehla ama-thrush yi-viscous ne-caustic.
Ukuthola uboya noma izimpaphe, uzicindezela kahle, zifakwe esikhunjeni, bese uziqinisa. Ngemuva kokuhlaselwa okunje, ezinye izinyoni zilahlekelwa amandla abo okundiza nokufa emanxebeni avela lapho. Ngaphambi kokuhlaselwa, ukugcwala komlotha wentaba kuphakamisa umsila wawo, ngalesi sizathu izitha ziyaqonda ukuthi zisengozini.
Kodwa-ke, izingwebu zobuqili, izitha ezifungelwe zomnyango wamasimu, zifunde ukudonsa kanzima. Nazo zihlasela. Ukwenza isibonelo, omunye umfudlana udabula ikholoni, zonke izinyoni zabamnyama, zishiya izidleke zazo ukuze zithathe izitha zazo futhi “zidubule” ngemithambo. Ngasikhathi sinye, iqhude lesibili lithubela buthule lingene ezidlekeni, amaqanda obumba futhi lidle amantshontsho asanda kuzalwa.
Ngokungeziwe ekuvikeleni insimu yabo, ukuphithizela kwensimu kusiza abanye, abafowethu abancanyana, ukunqoba abazingeli. Ngengozi esondelayo, baxwayisa wonke umuntu ngokukhamuluka okukhulu. Izinyoni ezincane, njengondlunkulu kanye nama-tiles, zizama ukuhlala eduze nemikhakha emnyama ukuze zivikelwe yizo.
Lapho kunezitha eziningi kakhulu, phakathi kwazo ama-squirrels, ama-jay nama-hawks, ama-thrushes ashiya izidleke zawo. Benza izindiza ezinkulu, bafuna indawo ephephile yokuhlala. IDrozdov ingavinjelwa, yenziwe inyoni yasekhaya. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha amachwane amancane aphuma ezidlekeni futhi angazi ukuthi angandiza kanjani.
Bakha amakheji okhuni, ububanzi nobude, kufinyelela kumitha eli-1. Hlomisa izindlu nemigwaqo yokuzijabulisa. Ngaphansi embozwe ngotshani owomile notshani obomile. Ziphakela izinyoni izibungu, ukudla okuthambile, izithelo ezigayiwe nokusanhlamvu.
Ngesikhathi sokuzalela, lo mbhangqwana ubekwa endaweni ebanzi kakhulu. Kaningi kunalokho, abathandi baqala ukucula njengesihlambi hhayi ezinkundla zemidlalo, kodwa bathokozela izwi labo nokugcotshwa kwabo.
Umsoco
Izingubo ezimnyama abathandi abakhulu bokudla. Ukudla abakuthanda kakhulu ebusika ibhungane eqandisiwe. Bajabule ukuthwebula izithelo zomlotha wasentabeni, i-sea sihlahla sivame ukutholakala, apula, viburnum. Izinyoni zenza ukuhlaselwa kwangempela kulezi zihlahla.
Emhlambini, bahlala egatsheni, bakhiphe amajikijolo eziqwini, bawagwinye bonke. Kwizihlahla, ukuhlaselwa okunjalo kuyazuzisa. Lapho umhlambi wenza idili, amajikijolo amaningi awela phansi, lapho imbewu imila lapho kuqala intwasahlobo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ujusi ovela esiswini se-thrush awuqedi ngokuphelele okusanhlamvu futhi izinyoni zithwala imbewu, zihlukanisa yonke indawo. Ekupheleni ekwindla, cishe yonke imithi esemizaneni nasemadolobheni ihlala ingenalutho, futhi ngaphansi kwezihlahla ezi-rowan, eqhweni, iminwe eminingi yeminwe yezinyoni ezinde iyabonakala.
Abahlali behlobo nabalimi abakuthandanga neze ukuhlaselwa okunjalo. Abantu benza ama-tinctures ahlukahlukene okwelapha kusuka kumlotha wentaba eqandisiwe, into esemqoka ukuthola isikhathi sokuqoqa amajikijolo ngaphambi kokuvela kokuxebuka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinyoni zithanda amaswidi, futhi uma kutshalwa ama-currants noma ama-cherries akhula eduze kwe-viburnum noma izihlahla ze-apula, kuyabaluma kuqala.
Bakhumbula izindawo ezinjalo “ezihlwabusayo,” futhi bayandiza khona unyaka nonyaka. Abanye abantu bondla izixhwanguxhwangu ngokwakha abondli. Zithululelwa ngezithelo ezomisiwe, amajikijolo omisiwe nama-apula asikiwe.
Entwasahlobo, lezi zinyoni zilimaza izilimo ezingadini nasemasimini. Bangakwazi ukumba imibhede ngomlomo wabo bafuna izibungu, baphonse imbewu etshaliwe kuphela ebusweni bese beyinyathela izithombo. Futhi, bahlasela imibhede ngama-sitrobheli, bagoqe amajikijolo angavuthiwe.
Ukulimala okukhethekile kwenziwa kwizithelo lapho kukhule khona izinhlobo ezingabizi kakhulu futhi ezibizayo zamajikijolo. Ezifundeni eziningana zezwe lethu, ukudubula kwezinambuzane ehlobo nasentwasahlobo kuvunyelwe ngokusemthethweni. Ehlobo kudliwa amabhulukwe amnyama Earthworms, izinkuni, amacimbi, izicabucabu kanye nama-crustaceans amancane.
Amachwane abo andla kuphela yizikelemu kanye nezibungu zezinambuzane. Zindiza ziye "ziyokuzingela" amasimu aseduze kwendawo yokuhlala futhi zifuna ukuphangwa yinkampani enkulu. I-Peck moss, ikhipha ama-slgs lapho, baphendule amatshe, bambe emhlabathini namaqabunga awile.
Bawufundisisa kahle umhlaba futhi bawudinga ngokucophelela. Ngasinye isinyathelo, bangena emhlabathini, bethinta amakhanda abo eceleni. Ebona isibungu, i-thrush ngokushesha siyayibamba bese siyikhipha emhlabathini, kepha singadli masinyane.
Le nyoni ifuna ukuqoqa ukudla okwengeziwe, futhi ukuze isibungu singaphazamisi, siyiphonsa emhlabathini, siyisule ngesibhakela saso, bese iyaqhubeka nokumbila otshanini. Uza neminenkethi emincane - ebafaka ematsheni ukuze ahlukanise igobolondo.
Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside
Izinyoni zasendle zifika endaweni esidlekeni ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Bahlala bodwa emakoloni, lapho kukhona khona abangaba ngu-40. Banabaholi - izinyoni ezindala nezinesipiliyoni, kuzo "zomndeni" okuyizindawo ezinhle kakhulu esihlahleni.
Imidumba emidala yakha izidleke ngaphambi kokukhula kwentsha, inquma indawo yokuhlala futhi ihlole ingozi nokusondela kokudla. Abawathandi amahlathi anomthunzi, ngakho-ke bakhetha izihlahla lapho kunokukhanya kwelanga okuningi. Imvamisa zihlala kanye nabamele olunye uhlobo lwenhlobo - abamhlophe. Amaphethini wokudla nokuziphatha walezi zinyoni afane kakhulu.
Ukwakhiwa kwe-Nest, kuphela insikazi. Okokuqala, udonsa amagatsha acashile, aguquguqukayo, athola kuwo isitsha. Utshani obomile bugcwalisa izikhala, bese busopha izindonga zesidleke ngobumba nobumba, ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Ngenxa yalokhu, izidleke zezinwele ezimnyama ziqinile, zinokwethenjelwa, aziwohloka phakathi kweminyaka engama-2-3.
Abesilisa basemkhakheni wesilisa ungabambi iqhaza kulolu daba, kodwa uhambisane nalaba abashadikazi lapho indizela izinto zokwakha. Uqapha ngokucophelela ukuthi insikazi ayihlaselwa ngabazingeli. Ngemuva kokuthi “udaka” esidlekeni selomile, izinyoni ziletha utshani obuthambile, amakhasi kanye nemicu lapho. Isidleke sikulungele ukugcinwa kweqanda.
Kwi-clutch eyodwa, imvamisa isuka emaqanda amathathu kuya kwayi-5, ngombala oluhlaza okotshani ngombala, onamabala amnyama. Lo mbala usebenza njengendlela yokufihla amehlo amabi, amabi. Kwake kwathi lapho, odokotela bezinsimbi berekhoda amaqanda aqoshwa enhlanganisweni eyodwa - izingcezu eziyi-12.
Ukuzingela kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-16, ngowesifazane kuphela owenza lokhu. Abesilisa, ngalesi sikhathi, bavikela izidleke nezinsikazi zazo. Abakulethi ukudla, ngakho-ke kufanele asuke emaqandeni andize ayokudla. Lapho amachwane edonsa, abazali bayawondla.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-15, amnyama amnyama aqala ukuhlola umhlaba ngaphandle kwesidleke. Namanje abazi ukuthi bangandiza kanjani, kepha bagxume emagatsheni noma bahlale ezimpandeni zezihlahla. Hlangana nomakhelwane futhi uxhumana nezinyoni ezincane.
Abazali bazoqhubeka nokubondla amasonto amabili, ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, amaphuphu azimele. Bayazi vele ukuthi bangandiza kanjani amabanga amafushane ukusuka ekhaya futhi bathole ukudla. Ngemuva kwalokho, insikazi ingabeka amaqanda futhi.
Ngemuva kokuphela kwenkathi yezidleke, abaholi babutha wonke umuntu ngamaphakethe, nezindwangu ezimnyama zibaleke. Baqala "ukuzulazula", bayeke lapho kunokudla okwanele. Lapho amasheya aphela, iphakethe lifuna indawo entsha.
Isikhathi sokuphila sokuphaphama umphimbo kusuka eminyakeni eyi-10 kuye kweli-15, sisesimweni esihle. Ekuthunjweni, izinyoni zingaphila isikhathi eside, kuze kube yiminyaka engama-20. Kepha, ngeshwa, ezimweni zemvelo, hhayi eziningi zazo ezihlala impilo kuze kube sekupheleni.
Cishe ama-20% ezinto ezifakiwe kuleli koloni zidliwa ziphila ngabazingeli, kanti ezinye, njengabantu abadala, zibhekana nesiphetho esifanayo. Izinyoni eziningi ziyafa empini, zivikela izidleke zazo noma ngesikhathi sokufuduka. Isilinganiso sokuphila isikhathi eside sezkundla zasendle cishe siyiminyaka eyi-6.