I-Vipera berus, i-viper evamile inyoka enobuthi edume kunazo zonke e-Eurasia engeyamalungu omndeni we-viper. Kancane kancane, wakwazi ukuthola indawo yokuhlala enkabeni naseNyakatho Yurophu futhi ukuphela kwenyoka emhlabeni ehlala enyakatho ye-Arctic Circle.

Kulesi sihloko sizokukhombisa ukuthi ibukeka kanjani inyoka evamile, ukuthi iziphi izindawo ezihlala kuzo, ukuthi idlani izilwane, nokuthi idlani.

Ngabe libukeka kanjani inyoka?

Umzimba wezilwane ezihuquzelayo ugcizelelwa ikhanda elihlukaniswe ngokucacile. Izikali ezincane zimboza umzimba wonke. Imvamisa ungathola amaphethini amancane maphakathi nekhanda, okuvame ukubukeka njenge-X noma i-V. Izinsikazi zivame ukuba nomhlane onsundu, abesilisa bapendwe ngimpunga kakhulu. Kepha kungenzeka ukuthi uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, obomvu, onsundu, obomvu nobomvu nakho kungaba khona emzimbeni wejoka. Abamele bobabili ubulili bavame ukudlula uhlobo lomucu we-zigzag ngemuva, upende ngemibala emnyama. Kepha abantu bayatholakala ngaphandle kwemibala ethile ebekiwe.

Le yindlela abukeka ngayo esithombeni.

Inyoka 'ineshiya' nesikali esivelelayo ngaphezulu kwamehlo. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukubonakaliswa kobuso bakhe kuthatha ukubukeka okunokhahlo. Ukusuka entanyeni kuye ngamehlo, kubekwa "umucu", ogcizelela kuphela ukubukeka okunamandla kwendawo yezilwane ezihuquzelayo.

Inyoka ifinyelela ubude obungamasentimitha angama-50 kuye kwangama-70. Ezimweni ezingavamile, kutholakala amasampuli afinyelela ku-90 amasentimitha. Isibonelo, inyoka enkulu kunazo zonke eYurophu yafika kuma-87 cm ubude, kwathi eyensikazi enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni yatholakala enkabeni yeSweden futhi inobude bomzimba wamasentimitha ayi-104.

Habitat of the inyer

Lesi silwane esidliwayo sikwazile ukudlulela eYurophu iminyaka eminingana sisuka e-Asia futhi siba nezimpande lapho. Le nyoka yathola udumo lwayo ngenxa yokuthi ikwazile ukumila ngasenyakatho kwe-Arctic Circle, lapho kungenzi khona izinyoka. Namuhla kutholakala kuwo wonke ama-Alps, eBalkan, enyakatho yeRussia nasempumalanga ye-Asia. Okwamanje, kuvela inyoka ejwayelekile eNyakatho Korea, eMongolia nase China.

EJalimane, inyoka ilwazisa kakhulu izwe elingasenyakatho laseJalimane, izintaba zasempumalanga nezindawo ezinkulu zaseningizimu yeJalimane. Ikhulukazi Ehlathini Elimnyama naku-Swabian Alb, ungathola abantu abaningi balolu hlobo, okuyinyoka enobuthi kuphela eBavaria. Yize ikwazile ukusabalala kulo lonke elaseYurophu, ukubukeka kwayo kusengozini enkulu. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi le nyoka ivikelwe iminyaka eminingana kulo lonke elaseJalimane. Izidalwa ezinkulu zenyoka ejwayelekile zitholakala eRügen naseHiddensee. Lokhu kungenxa yezinga eliphansi lethonya lomuntu kanye nezinga eliphakeme lenkululeko yokuphindwayo.

E-Austria, lesi simo sibukeka sincono kancane: inani elikhulu lezinyoka ezijwayelekile lihlala ikakhulu eMühlviertel naseWaldviertel. ISwitzerland nayo inemindeni emikhulu yalezi zinyoka, ezisatshalaliswa esifundeni sase-Alpine.

Habitat

Njengendawo yokuhlala oyikhethayo, inyoka iyazazisa lezo zindawo zokuhlala ezibonakala ngokushintshashintsha kwamazinga okushisa okukhulu phakathi kwemini nobusuku. Babonga futhi amazinga aphezulu omswakama. Inyoka ithanda ama-bush noma ama-grooves amancane ngaphansi kwamatshe, okuthi, yize kufudumele, kepha ngasikhathi sinye kuvikela ngekhwalithi ephezulu kusuka emazingeni okushisa ngokweqile. I-humus, i-peat noma utshani obomile nazo ziyindawo ekahle lapho i-reptile izizwa isekhaya.

Ukubukeka

• Ikhandaembozwe esikalini esincane noma ngezihlangu ezingeke zenziwe ngendlela engenasici, inesimo esiyindilinga esingunxantathu, isiphetho sempumulo esinomgodi osikiwe maphakathi siyimpofana, ama-angles asezingeni eliphansi - izindawo zasekhaya zezindlala ezinobuthi - zivelele kakhulu.
• Encane amehlo ngomfundi oqondile othe mpo ngokuhlanganiswa nokwanda kwe-infraorbital scaling rolling kunika inyoka ukubukeka okunesihluku, yize lokhu kungenzi lutho ekubonakalisweni kwemizwa ehambisana nobudlova.
• Amathambo asemafushane ayimfushane, ephathekayo, ene-tubular enkulu engu-1-2 ubuthi ubuthi kanye namazinyo amancane angama-3-4. Amazinyo amancane afanayo atholakala palatine, amathambo e-pterygoid.
• Ikhanda ne-torso kuhlukaniswe bukhali ukwehlukaniswa kwentamo.
• Imfishane kakhulu futhi iminyene phakathi, umzimba Izinyoka zibuyela emuva ziye emuva, ziphenduka zaba ezimfishane (kaningi izikhathi ezingaphansi kuka-6-8 ubude besiqu) umsilaonesimo sekhefana.

Imvelo ayizange iguge imibala, ipende iqhude. Ngaphezu kombala oyimpunga ojwayelekile wabesilisa nabesilisa abansundu - kwabesifazane, ama-morphs alandelayo ayatholakala:

• mnyama
• ophuzi we-beige
• isiliva elimhlophe
• onsundu onsundu
• obomvu wethusi.

Imvamisa, umbala awufani, umzimba wenyoka "uhlotshisiwe" ngemivimbo, amabala namaphethini:

• imicu ye-zigzag isebenza ngemuva,
• umhlobiso omnyama Ʌ- noma u-X obunjiwe ngaphezulu kwekhanda,
• imivimbo emnyama egijima ezinhlangothini zekhanda kusukela emehlweni kuye emakhoneni omlomo,
• amabala amnyama amboze izinhlangothi zomzimba.

Izinyoka ezimnyama nezinombala onsundu azinamaphethini emakhanda nasemizimbeni yazo. Kungakhathalekile ukuthi ibala elingakanani, uhlangothi olungaphansi lomzimba lube mpunga omnyama noma omnyama onendawo emfushane, ingxenye engezansi yomsila iba mhlophe-isihlabathi noma i-orange-orange.

Kuyathakazelisa! Izinyoka ze-Albino azikaze zitholakale, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zezinyoka, lapho kuhlukahluka okufanayo ngombala, noma kunalokho, ukungabikho kwalokho, kugcinwa njalo.

Noma uluphi uhlobo lombala wenyoka, kungakhathalekile ukuthi ithoni eyinhloko, luyalandela, ngoba lwenza ukuthi inyoka icishe ingabonakali ngokumelene nendawo yasemuva yemvelo.

Indlela yokuphila

Izinyoka ezivamile zisebenza ikakhulukazi phakathi nosuku. Uthanda ukukhanya kwelanga ngqo. Kepha kukhona okuhlukile. Isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokushisa okukhulu, isikhathi saso somsebenzi siguqukela eduze nokuhwalala.

Kakhulu ekuseni nase ntambama, ufuna izindawo ezinhle zokushiswa yilanga ukuze aphakamise izinga lokushisa lomzimba wakhe (izinyoka ezinegazi elibandayo). Lokhu kuyisilinganiso esingu-30 kuya ku-33 degrees Celsius.

Kubonisa izinga eliphakeme kakhulu lomsebenzi ngezinsuku ezimanzi. Uma lina isikhathi eside, i-viper isebenza ngokwengeziwe.

Akubekezeleli umoya nokubanda kakhulu. Ekubonisweni kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esinomoya noma obandayo, sicasha endaweni yokukhosela efudumele.

Ebusika, ubusika, uhlala izinyanga ezine kuya kweziyisikhombisa. Lokhu kwenzeka emihumeni evikelwe kahle, evame ukuyihlanganyela nezinye izinyoka, noma ngokuvamile nezinye ezihuquzelayo. Kakhulu baphuma hibernation ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Uma ukubanda kuqhubeka isikhathi eside, isikhathi sokulala sanda ngamaviki ambalwa. Abesilisa bavame ukuvuka emavikini amabili ngaphambili kwabesifazane.

Ukuzala

Kunezikhathi ezimbili kuphela zonyaka ezisetshenziswa yinyoka ekuzaleni. Lesi yisikhathi esilandelwa yindlala ebusika, nesikhathi sokuvuka komoya, esiqala ngo-Ephreli kuze kube nguMeyi. Ngenkathi yokuzalela, kuba nokuncintisana phakathi kwabesilisa. Ngesikhathi sengxabano, abesilisa bazama ukwahlula omunye komunye futhi bazuze ukuthandwa ngabesifazane. Ngenkathi yokuzalelana, izinyoka zithanda ukwedlula okubonakalayo okusetshenziselwa ukunqoba insikazi. Ukwethula kuthatha isikhathi esiningi.

Izinyoka zizala kanjani? Ngokuvamile, njengezilwane eziningi ezincelisayo. Isilwane esihuquzelayo sinezala emzimbeni waso. Amaqanda awanikezi ukushisa okuhlala njalo, kanti esibelethweni izinga lokushisa lomzimba ligcinwa lanele ngenxa yokukhanya kwelanga lapho inyoka ibeka khona.

Ukukhula okusha kwezinyoka ezijwayelekile kuzalwa kakhulu kusukela ngo-Agasti kuya ku-Okthoba. Isilwane esifuywayo esisha ngosayizi sifana nepensela ejwayelekile. Owesifazane ungazala aze abe ngamawundlu ayishumi nanhlanu ngasikhathi sinye, ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu aze afike kumawundlu angama-20.

Masinyane nje ngemuva kokuzalwa, inzalo iyaqhuma futhi iqale nokuzingela izibungu ezincane namasele. Inyoka iba mdala kuphela emva kweminyaka emithathu kuya kwemine.

Ukudla

I-viper evamile ingenye yabazingeli abaziqashile kakhulu abangenazo izinto ezithile abazithandayo ngokuya ngezisulu. Isilwane ngasinye esitholakele siyisisulu futhi sihlaselwa ngokushesha. Ngemuva kokuhlaselwa, i-reptile iluma isisulu bese ilimaza ubuthi emzimbeni wayo. Ngemuva kwalokho, ulinda kuze kube yilapho ubuthi buqala ukusebenza, futhi inyamazane ayina buthaka kakhulu ngaphambi kokuba ife ekugcineni. Ngemuva kwalokhu, isilwane simunca ngokuphelele inyoka.

Hhayi izibungu kuphela, amasele namanye ama-amphibians, kodwa futhi izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, njengamagundane namagundane, kufakiwe ekudleni kwazo. Futhi, ezimweni ezingavamile, inyoka ingadla iminyundu, izinambuzane nezinyoni ezincane. Ngokushoda kakhulu kokudla, i-cannibalism ingachuma ngezinga elikhulu.

Izitha zemvelo

Njengezitha zemvelo ezinye izinyoni zezinyamazane nezilwane ezincelisayo. Izinyoka ezinkulu nazo ziphakathi kwezilwane ezidla izinyoka. I-Cannibalism akuyona into emangazayo izinyoka, ngoba iqiniso lokuthi inyoka ejwayelekile ngokwayo idla amabanga ezinye izinhlobo zezinyoka. Nazi izidlamlilo eziyinhloko ezibeka ingozi enkulu kulolu hlobo.

Uma kwenzeka kuhlaselwa isilwanyana sasendle, sicasha ngaphansi kwamatshe noma sicashe ezimila eziminyene. Uma eshayelwa ekhoneni, uphendula ngezwi elikhulu aphuthume esitha, amlume futhi amjoze ubuthi bakhe (hhayi njalo).

Ubuhlungu be-Viper

Kungokwenyoka enobuthi futhi kwakha ubuthi bendabuko, obulala inyamazane, futhi buyilungiselele. Ngesikhathi esimweni esiyingozi, ubuthi busetshenziselwa nokuvikela, kepha imvamisa inyoka iluma abahlaseli ngaphandle kokufaka ubuthi. Isibonelo, kubaphikisi abakhulu, njengempungushe noma ingulube yasendle, ubuthi cishe abunangozi.

Lapho eluma umuntu, ungabona izinkomba ezifanayo nangokugwaza kokuphunga. Esizeni sokuluma, ukuvuvukala, amafomu obomvu. Kuqhubeka futhi isicanucanu nokuhlanza. Esikhathini esizayo, lokhu kungaholela ekushoneni komoya, ukopha okuncane nokuqunjelwa. Noma kunjalo, kunezimo eziningi lapho umuntu engezwanga lutho ngemuva kokuluma.

Ukuzivikela, kunconywa ukugqoka izicathulo eziqinile namabhulukwe amade, afakwe ngokuqinile kulezo zindawo lapho kungenzeka khona ukuba khona kwalezi ezihuqayo. Akukaze kube yisiphi isikhathi lapho kufanele uzame ukusithinta, ukuze ungavumeli ukusabela okuvikelayo.

Uma ikulume, kufanele uhlale uzolile. Njengoba izinyoka eziningi ezingenalo ubuthi nazo zivame ukuluma, ukuchaza kwenyoka kubaluleke kakhulu. Uma lokhu kungaphumeleli, kunconywa ukubonana nodokotela ngokushesha. Akunakushiwo ukuthi kufanele uphendukele ezindleleni ezaziwayo zasekhaya, njengokushiswa, ukumunca noma ukugunda ukuluma.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-disinitness yotshwala ayinconywa ngoba igazi liwuketshezi futhi ubuthi busakazeka emzimbeni wonke ngemizuzwana. Ngokulimala kakhulu nokungezwani komzimba, odokotela bazonikeza umuthi olwa nalutho. Kodwa-ke, ukuze kubangele ukulimala okukhulu kumuntu omdala, kuyadingeka ukuthi umuntu omdala amlume amahlandla ama-7 (okuhambelana no-75 mg wobuthi).

Ngokomthetho, singasho ukuthi ukwesaba ukulunywa yinyoka kwalolu hlobo akunasisekelo: noma ngokushaqeka okuncane, izilwane zivame ukuziphoqa zizodwa. Ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe lapho kukhiwa amakhowe kanye / noma amajikijolo, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi umuntu uphethe isikhali inyoka esingahlaziya njengosongo.

Ama-snakes wenyoka afana nezinaliti zomjovo esaziwa ngathi, ezisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa. Ukuluma, amazinyo aqonde. Lapho engawadingi amazinyo, anyamalale emphewini we-mucosa womlomo.

Kungani inyoka isondele ekuqothulweni eYurophu?

E-Russia, izimo zokusinda zivuza kakhulu lolu hlobo. Kepha eYurophu, akuyona yonke into ebushelelezi kangako. Emazweni amaningi aseYurophu kuluhlu olubomvu. Kwezinye izifundazwe, inyoka ibhekwa njengengozi, kwezinye - uhlobo olusengozini.

Isizathu esikhulu sokuqothulwa kwabo "ukusoka" kwendawo yokuhlala. Ngenkathi abantu benwebisa indawo yabo ephahlazekayo, indawo ehlobene nenyoka ihlala incipha. Izikhala ezivulekile namahlathi anyamalala ngenxa yomkhakha, imigwaqo namadolobha. Ngisho nasezindaweni ezisehlathini ezikhona, izindawo ezikhethwayo zokufuya ezifuywayo ziyancipha ngokuqinile, ngokwesibonelo, ngokugawulwa kwamahlathi. Ngakho-ke, kunokuncipha okuhlala njalo ezindlini zezinyoka. Ngalesi sizathu, umuntu uyisitha esikhulu seenyoka.

Ezinye izindaba zokuqothulwa

Kepha hhayi ukubhujiswa kwendawo yokuhlala yemvelo kuphela, kepha futhi nokuhlukumezeka komuntu okucashile kuyena obangela ukuqothuka kancane kancane kwalolu hlobo. Abantu abaningi basacabanga ukuthi kuyinto evamile ukubulala izinyoka kanye nezinye izinyoka kube mnandi.

Izinkukhu zasendle nazo zivame ukufuna ukudla ngaphansi kwamagatsha, lapho zihlangana nezinyoka futhi zibabulale.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, zisebenzela izilwane ezinkulu, njengezinyoni ezidla inyama nezilwane ezincelisayo, njengomthombo wokudla wemvelo. Kwesinye isikhathi, ngisho namakati asekhaya aba yingozi yangempela yezinyoka.

Enye inkinga ukuhlukaniswa kwamahlathi ngenxa yokwakhiwa nemigwaqo emikhulu ezungeza izindawo ezisele futhi ngaleyo ndlela ihlinzeke ngobumpofu bezakhi zofuzo.

Kwenziwa ini ukuvikela?

Lolu hlobo luphansi kokuvikelwa okuqinile kuyo yonke i-European Union. Kwenqatshelwe ukubabamba noma ukubabulala. Noma iyiphi imithombo yezingane enezinyoka inzalo kufanele ifakazele ukuthi inzalo yakhuliselwa ekudingisweni futhi ayithathwanga endaweni yayo yemvelo.

Kukhona nezindlela ezikhethekile zokuthuthukisa ama-biotope emahlathini amaningi enzelwe lolu hlobo. Emahlathini, kudalwa izindawo ezinelanga, ezisetshenziswa njengendawo yokuphephisa nokuthambisa izinto ezibuthisayo elangeni, zona ngokwazo ezikhulisa kakhulu ukuzala kwazo. Noma kunjalo, izehlakalo ezingathi sína ezinjalo azenele ukuqinisekisa ukusinda kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo njalo.

Uma uvila kakhulu ukufunda, vele ubuke ividiyo.

Isikhathi sokuphila

Isikhathi esiphakeme kakhulu seenyoka elijwayelekile endle yiminyaka eyi-12 kuya kwengu-15. Lokhu kuningi ukuze kube khona ezimeni lapho kukhona inani elikhulu lezinto ezinciphisa isikhathi sokuphila. Ezindaweni zokufunda ezinkulisa ezikhethekile, izinyoka, lapho zigcinwa ezindaweni ezifuywayo, izinyoka ziphila isikhathi eside kakhulu, zifinyelela kuma-20, kwezinye izikhathi ngisho zineminyaka engama-30 ubudala. Lokhu kuchazwa iqiniso lokuthi izinyoka zezigqila, ngokungafani nezihlobo ezikhululekile, zinikezwa ukondliwa okufika ngesikhathi, ukulungiswa njalo kwe-microclimate enhle, ukungabikho ngokuphelele kwezitha kanye nokunakekelwa kwezilwane.

Kuyathakazelisa! Izazi zesifo sezinhlungu zesikhumba sakhe zikholelwa ukuthi isikhathi sokuphila kweVipera berus silingana kaningi nemvamisa yokuzalela, ngenxa yalokho ifinyelela eminyakeni engama-30 kubantu abangabokufika basenyakatho.

Inhlekelele yenyoka ejwayelekile

Ubuhlungu benyoka buyingxube yamaprotheni aphezulu esisindo samangqamuzana anomthelela we-hemolytic necrotizing ezingxenyeni zegazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka kwetyhefu kufaka i-neurotoxin ethinta kabi uhlelo lwenhliziyo. Kodwa-ke, ukuluma kwenyoka elijwayelekile akuvame ukuholela ekufeni: izakhi ezilimazayo zisezingeni eliphansi kakhulu lokufaka ingozi empilweni yomuntu omdala. Imiphumela yokulunywa yinyoka yimbi kakhulu ezinganeni nasezwaneni ezifuywayo, iphazamisa inyoka ngephutha, iphoqelelwe ukuba ivikele. Isimo sezulu kungenzeka:

• ukwethuka okuqhubekayo
• ukuthinteka kwemizwa
• i-anemia eyingozi.

Kunoma yikuphi, isisulu, noma ngemuva kokuhlinzeka ngosizo lokuqala, kufanele sithinte isikhungo sezokwelapha.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izakhiwo ezinobuthi zobuthi zisetshenziselwa kabanzi ukwelashwa, ekwenziweni kwemithi eminingi ye-analgesic, engangeneki, elwa nokuvuvukala, izimonyo, esivumela ukuthi sibheke into evamile ye-viper yokubaluleka kwezomnotho nesayensi.

Habitat, indawo yokuhlala

Izinhlobo zeVapera berus zisakazeke impela. Abamele bayo batholakala yonke indawo engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-Eurasia, ukusuka eSakhalin, enyakatho Korea, enyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina kuya eSpain nasenyakatho nePortugal. E-Russia, ukunwebeka kwenyoka evamile kuhlanganisa yonke imicu ephakathi kusuka e-Arctic kuya emgodini we-steppe eningizimu. Kepha ukwabiwa kwabantu kuzo zonke lezi zindawo akuhlukile:

• isilinganiso sobuningi besabantu asikho ngaphezu kwe-0,15 yabantu / 1 km yomgwaqo ezindaweni ezinesimo esingesihle,
• lapho indawo yokuhlala yezinyoka ifaneleka kakhulu, “i-foci” yakheka ngobuningi babantu aba-3.5 / 1 km wendlela.

Ezifundeni ezinjengalezi, izinyoka zikhethwa njengezindawo zokufinyeleleka emaphethelweni amaxhaphozi amakhulu, ukuwa kwamahlathi, ukushiswa ngokweqile kwamagagasi, izingxenyana zemifudlana ehlanganisiwe nehlanganisiwe. Ngaphezulu kwezinga lolwandle, i-adder ijwayelekile ukufika kuma-3000 m.

Imvamisa, i-Vipera berus inendlela yokuphila ehleliwe, abamele lezi zinhlobo bavele bangahambi ngaphezu kwe-100 m, futhi kuphela lapho befuduka entwasahlobo nasekwindla abakwazi ukumelana nebanga elingafika kumakhilomitha ayi-5, kwesinye isikhathi beqa imizimba ebanzi. Ama-Vipers angatholakala nasezindaweni ezinesimo se-anthropogenic: amapaki amahlathi, izindlu ezingaphansi zezwe nezindlu zasemakhaya, izakhiwo ezilahliwe, ezivandeni zemifino nasepulazini.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Inani le-viper elijwayelekile lehliswa ikakhulukazi ngenxa yemisebenzi yabantufuthi. Ukudonswa kwamanzi amachibi, ukugcwala kwezikhukhula, ukwakhiwa kwemigwaqo eminingi ebanzi, ukuthuthukiswa okunamandla kwezindawo ezingaphansi komhlaba kuholela ekushintsheni kokubukeka komhlaba kanye nokuqhekeka kube izingxenye ezincanyana zezindawo zokuhlala zeVapera berus, kanye nokudla kwezilwane ezihuqayo kuyawohloka. Isimo esinjalo siba imbangela yokuqhekeka nokuqothuka kwabantu ngamunye, izinyoka ziqala ukunyamalala ezindaweni ezihanjwa ngabantu. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lesi simo sisachuma impela ezifundeni lapho ihlathi ligcinwe kahle, eRussia izinyoka ezijwayelekile zifakiwe kwi-CC yezifunda eziningi (iMoscow, Saratov, Samara, Nizhny Novgorod, Orenburg) kanye nezikhulu (Komi, Mordovia, Tatarstan) ngalesi simo "Ukuwohloka ngosayizi, izinhlobo zezilwane ezisengozini." Isimo sibi kakhulu emazweni anezimboni zaseYurophu, lapho isibalo sezinyoka sehle ngokushesha.

Njengoba kunikezwe izici eziwusizo zokuba khona kwesimo senyoka ejwayelekile, njengoku:

• ukulawulwa kwemvelo kwenani lama-veent ama-veent wesifo esiyingozi se-tularemia,
• ukukhiqizwa kwemfihlo, okusebenza njengezinto ezibonakalayo ezibalulekile zokwenziwa zokwenziwa okwenziwa ngamakhemikhali kanye nange-serum "Viper",

Izikhungo zezemvelo zibeka umsebenzi wokuguqula isimo sezinhlobo ze-Vipera berus zibe ngcono.