Uma singaba nomkhuba Aztec, singathanda ushayele le silwane 'nenja saphezulu. " Igama Latin sashintshwa njengoba inja sebekhathele ukukhonkotha kwazo. Futhi abantu ababephila nabo bakubiza ngokuhlukile - "impisi edlekayo", "inja ebomvu", "impisi ebomvu" noma "i-coyote". Hlobo luni lwesilwane lesi abantu abangazisoli ngalo ngamagama amaningi kangaka?

Incazelo yangaphandle

ICoyote isilwane esinyamazane esingokwabanukubezi. Lezi zilwane siwuhlobo Canine. Ngaphandle, abaprofethi bamanga nezimpisi obomvu zifana nezimpisi abajwayelekile, kodwa ezincane. Ungasho nokuthi i-coyote enkulu kunazo zonke incane kunomuntu omdala nocacile omncane wezimpisi ezijwayelekile. Ubude bomzimba obukhulu be-coyote yabantu abadala abudluli ku-100 cm, umsila awukhuli ngaphezu kuka-30 cm, isilwane siseduze kwama-50 cm. Nokho, isisindo lisukela ku-7 kg (isisindo esincane) kuya kuma-21 kg (ubukhulu). Impisi ejwayelekile endala, esayiqhathanisa nengane yakudala, inesisindo esingama-32 kg, futhi abantu abakhulu bangafika ku-60 kg.

Impisi edlelweni Onezindlebe uqonde, umsila kungenziwa ngokuthi Fluffy. I noboya kunalokho obukhulu futhi eside, nsundu ngombala, namabala amnyama futhi grey. Umbala woboya esiswini ukhanya kakhudlwana. Ukwakheka kwesihlokwane kukhulunywa ngamacala abanzi, kukhumbuza kakhulu impungushe kuneyimpisi. Isihloko somsila simbozwe izinwele ezimnyama.

Lapho coyotes siphile

Coyotes zithuthumela izakhamuzi ejwayelekile emathafeni American. Zisatshalaliswa kuyo yonke iNyakatho Melika futhi zitholakala ezifundeni ezingama-49 zase-USA, Canada naseMexico. Impisi yaseMelika eseNyakatho Melika yadala okuningi ngesikhathi seGold Rush. Ngokubambisana nabavukuzi, lesi silwane sasihlola ngentshiseko amasimu amasha, singadeleli noma iyiphi inyamazane.

nezimpisi Red kukhona izakhamuzi zezindawo evulekile. Bona abahlala Prairies kanye ezingwadule; ziyivelakancane kakhulu emahlathini. Ama-coyotes awahlali kuphela ezindaweni ezilahliwe, kodwa futhi nangaphandle kwe-megacities enkulu.

Okudingayo

Ekudleni, impisi yaseMelika edwaleni ikhethiwe. Lesi silwane sithathwa njengento emnandi, kepha ukudla okuyinhloko inyama yama-hares, onogwaja, izinja, ama-squirrels kanye nama-floorhogs. Noma isiphi isilwane ezincane, kuhlanganise izinyoni, izinambuzane nezilwane ezihlukahlukene zasemanzini, bangaba isidlo eyinhloko isilwane silambile. Futhi njengoba coyotes bahlalela emadolobheni eduze namadolobha, bakwazi futhi yokuzingela izilwane ezifuywayo, nakuba ukwenza kanjalo njalo.

AmaCoyotes akahlaselwa abantu. Kepha ukuthathwa komhlaba okuhambisana nokuhlala kwabantu kuyathandeka kakhulu kubo.

I-coyote izingela kanjani

Meadow Wolf ukhetha owodwa noma elikabili ukuzingela. Kodwa abazingeli elikhulu umdlalo zingahlanganiswa ngensikazi okuthathwe emhlanjini. Kulokhu, izindima zisatshalaliswa, njengempisi. Kukhona abashayi abaningana abathatha umhlambi baye emhlambini noma bawukhiphe ngentshiseko ende.

Kwesinye isikhathi ama-coyotes azingela kanye namabhulukwe. Lena inhlangano yimpumelelo kakhulu, ngoba Izimbila ephula izimbobo lapho ezingaba inyamazane izimpilo noma izikhumba, kanye coyote kalula qhebeza phezulu ayihlabe. Coyotes kukhona beshesha kakhulu, okusheshayo futhi sifinyelele kahle. Banokuqonda okuhle okungamehlo.

Izilwane ezindala zinendawo yazo yokuzingela. Isikhungo sale ndima siyindawo yomdlwenguli. Imingcele isayithi njalo anelebuli umchamo.

Coyotes ngokuvamile ziyohewula kakhulu. Ngale ndlela, izilwane ziyaxhumana, zibiza umhlambi ukuze zizingele, zazise abantu bazo ukuthi ziyinsimu yomunye umuntu, futhi zifonele owesimame. Ebusuku ezindlini zaseMelika, ukukhala kuzwakala cishe njalo, kusabisa izivakashi ezingamenyiwe. Ochwepheshe bazama ukuqonda futhi bahlele imiyalezo ehlelekile ukuze baqonde kangcono izilwane ezibukwayo.

Indlela yempilo

Isikhathi esiningi lezi ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye izilwane bahlala ngazimbili. Kodwa kukhona abantu abangashadile futhi kuhlukanise amaqembu imindeni. Izimpisi zaseMelika ziyi-mehendi zakha imihlambi ezindaweni lapho kunenqwaba yezilwane nokudla okuningi. Umhlambi ungabantu abangama-5-6, abantu babo bobabili bangabazali, kanti bonke abanye bancane.

Esinye isizathu sokuhlanganisa amaqembu ukuswela kwemidlalo emincane. Kulokhu, injongo umhlambi iwukuba ukuzingelwa izilwane ezinkulu, okuyinto yedwa coyote akakwazi ukubhekana.

Meadow impisi imibhangqwana kukhona unomphela. Bahlala ndawonye iminyaka eminingi, ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa abanye abalingani. Imvamisa, umbhangqwana unamathela kukho konke impilo yawo.

Ukuhlangana kwenzeka ebusika, kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuFebhuwari. nabesifazane Coyote kukhona kwande kakhulu. A Nzalo esingayithola ngokunakekela nomdlwana 5 kuya 19. Ukukhulelwa cishe izinyanga ezintathu. Ukuzalwa kwenzeka endaweni enkulu yomndeni, kepha umbhangqwana ngamunye unezindawo zokukhosela eziphuthumayo eziningana. Lezi izimbobo noma imigodi esetshenziswa uma kwenzeka ingozi. Iduna enakekela insikazi amawundlu, uthola ukudla futhi abaqaphe ekhaya. Meadow Wolf ungumzali okhathalelayo. Ubambisene nokukhulisa imidlwane kanye nonina. Abesilisa abadala bangena empilweni yokuzimela, futhi abesifazane bangahlala nabazali babo.

Endle, ama-coyotes angaphila iminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi, futhi ekudingisweni isikhathi sokuphila kwawo side kakhulu. Eminye imibhangqwana eziqiwini ngasinda iminyaka 15-16.

Izinganekwane kanye izinganekwane

I-Red Wolf, isithombe nesincazelo sayo okwethulwe ukunakwa kwakho, ungumlingisi ezinganekwaneni zezizwe eziningi zamaNdiya zaseNyakatho Melika. Lesi yisidlali esidlalayo futhi esinamanyala owakha amaqhinga amancane angcolile hhayi ukuze alimaze, kodwa ngoba nje kumnandi. Abalingiswa abanjalo babizwa ngokuthi ama-tricksters, okungukuthi, onkulunkulu abakhohlisayo, noma ama-antiheroes abangazi ukuthi bazithwale kanjani umthwalo wemfanelo yabo.

Kwezinye nezizwe zamaNdiya ezazisele, impisi edlelweni ungunkulunkulu ngubani patronizes abazingeli, namaqhawe, abathandi. AmaNdiya ayekubheka unkulunkulu umthakathi omkhulu. Futhi ezinye izizwe zisindile ezinganekwaneni ukuthi "inja yaphezulu" ngesikhathi somdlalo idale abantu ngephutha odakeni nasegazini labo. AmaNdiya aseNyakatho Melika akazange azingele ama-coyotes, ngoba ayewabheka njengezilwane.

Isihloko

Igama livela ku-Aztec coyotl, "inja yaphezulu." I-Latin igama (Canis latrans) kwezinhlobo izindlela "barking inja". Igama okunye kwezinhlobo iyona impisi edlelweni. Kuyo yonke le nkulungwane 19 - 20 amagama asetshenzisiwe asetshenziswa amagama athi "inja yedlelo", "impisi yaseNyakatho Melika", "impungushe yaseMelika", "meal jackal", "impisi encane" ne "wolf bush".

Ukubukeka

Ubude bomzimba bucishe bube ngu-75 - 100 cm, umsila ungamasentimitha angama-30, ukuphakama lapho kubuna khona cishe ngamasentimitha angama-50. Uboya bukhulu kakhulu kunelempisi, umbala uvame ukuba bomvu, ubomvana ngokubomvu, ube nsundu noma ube nesihlabathi. I ezisezansi neningizimu izimpilo ngamunye, ukuxegiselwa umbala nokuningi uya ekufezeni isihlabathi, enyakatho mnyama, nge predominance ka ngokubomvu, ngokubomvu grey nonsundu. Melanists ngezikhathi ezithile ezitholakala enyakatho ububanzi. I-Albino phakathi kwama-coyotes ayikaqoshwa.

Isisindo sama-coyotes sisuka ku-9-13 kg engxenyeni eseningizimu yebanga, kuya ku-18-21 kg enyakatho. Isisindo esiphezulu somuntu omkhulu kakhulu silinganiselwa kuma-33,6 kg. Njengomthetho, coyotes bahlala ngazimbili, futhi kukhona abantu abangashadile futhi waba nemihlambi ezincane (ngokuvamile eduze engxenyeni esenyakatho uhla). Coyotes zinezikhathi kusezingeni eliphansi kakhulu sonya intraspecific (the skirmishes ayeyivelakancane phakathi coyotes akuzona kangaka ubhekene nempi yangempela, kodwa kunalokho, ukusabisa ezinamathuba Umphikisi).

Imikhuba

I-Coyote iyisimo samathafa avulekile ahlala ezindaweni ezinamawele nodoti. Akuvamile ukubalekela ehlathini. Kwenzeka kokubili ezindaweni dengwane futhi emaphethelweni amadolobha amakhulu njenge-Los Angeles. Kalula uvuma namathafa ezenziwe umuntu. Indlela yokuphila iningi ngakusasa. Ku-biocenoses ye-prairie coyote ithatha indawo efana naleyo ye-jackal ku-biocenoses of the Old World. ICoyote imnandi futhi ayinakudla kakhulu ekudleni. Nokho, u-90% ukudla kwawo yakhiwa kokudla kwezilwane: onogwaja, onogwaja, izinja edlelweni, woodchucks kanye emhlabathini izingwejeje (e-Canada), amagundane amancane. Zihlasela skunks, raccoon, ferrets, opossum futhi beaver, udla izinyoni (pheasants), izinambuzane. Kwesinye isikhathi impungushe ne-lynx enezinwele ezibomvu nazo zingavela "kwimenyu" ye-coyote. I-Coyote ibhukuda kahle futhi ibambe izilwane zasemanzini - izinhlanzi, amasele nezinhlwathi ezintsha. Izimvu ezifuywayo, izimbuzi, inyamazane zasendle kanye ne-pronghorn akuhlaselwa kakhulu. Ukuhlaselwa kwabantu ezingajwayelekile kakhulu - I-cishe eminyakeni engu-200 kokuma yesayensi, ukuhlaselwa ezimbili kuphela abantu ebulalayo zalotshwa (ngo-1984 e-USA kanti 2009 e-Canada, zombili lezi zimo ukuba esimweni ukuvikela umhume nge amawundlu amancane esimweni lapho ngomuntu owayemelelwa yilelo wangempela usongo ekuphileni futhi impilo abasha). Ekupheleni kwehlobo nasekwindla, idla amajikijolo, izithelo namantongomane ngentokozo. Ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ebusika, ishintsha ukondla i-carrion, ilandela imihlambi yezilwane ezinkulu ezingenamuntu, zidla eziwile futhi zihlabe izilwane ezibuthakathaka. Ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba, kwesinye isikhathi kugaya udoti.

Kakhulu "sporty" kuzo zonke izinja zasendle, coyote uyakwazi ukweqa 2-4 m ubude futhi egijima ngesivinini 40-50 km / h, ngesikhathi amafushane sibangelwa ngesivinini afika ku 65 km / h. Kungaba bahambe amabanga amade, abazingela okuyisilinganiso sabangu-4 km ubusuku ngabunye. Mhlawumbe i-coyote inezitho zomzimba ezithuthuke kakhulu phakathi kwazo zonke izinzwa ze-canine: ubona ibanga elingafika ku-200 m, ngokulinganayo kahle imini nobusuku. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-coyote “iyisilokotho” kunazo zonke phakathi kwezilwane ezincelisayo zaseNyakatho Melika: ukukhamuluka kwaso ngokuzwakalayo kuyisici esibalulekile sezindawo ezincelisayo.

Izitha zemvelo eziyinhloko i-cougar kanye ne-wolf. Ngo zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili, isitha eyinhloko coyotes wayeyindoda (esiqongweni kuqothulwe coyotes kwenzeka ngo-1950 no-1970). Coyote akakubekezeleli khona impungushe obomvu, okuncintiswana ukudla kwalo, insimu yalo. Kwesinye isikhathi ama-coyotes awela nezinja ezifuywayo nezimpisi ezibomvu, futhi ngezikhathi ezithile ngezimpisi ezimpunga. Ekudingisweni, saphumelela futhi ukuwela i-coyote ne-jackal yase-Asia (ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, izindawo ze-coyote ne-jackal azithinti).

Habitat kanye subspecies

Coyote okwamanje isakazwa Alaska enyakatho kuya Panama futhi Guatemala eningizimu. Phakathi engu ice, wabuye wahlala eliseMpumalanga Ekude ezintaba zase-Eurasia, Eastern Ephakathi eSiberia (kodwa kulezi zindawo lapho kamuva safa).

Kunezinhlobo ezingama-20 zokubhalwa phansi kwe-coyote (19 ephilayo kanye ne-1 engapheli):

• C. l. i-cagottis: i-meyidan coyote
• C. l. clepticus: coyote San Pedro Martira (California)
• C. l. dickeyi: isalvador coyote
• C. l. frustor: mpumalanga coyote (Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Mussuri futhi Arkansas)
• C. l. igolidemani: belize coyote
• C. l. hondurensis: honduran coyote
• C. l. impavidus: coyote Durango (Mexico)
• C. l. incolatus: enyakatho (i-Alaskan) coyote (Yukon, Alaska, mpumalanga yeCanada, enyakatho ye-Alberta)
• C. l. jamesi: coyote ka Tiburon isiqhingi
• C. l. ama-latrans: ama-coyote asezingeni eliphansi (Great Plains to Alberta, Manitoba, Saskatchewan to New Mexico in the south, and Texas)
• C. l. i-mayes: intaba (Canadian) coyote (iBritish Columbia, Alberta, Utah ne Nevada)
• C. l. mearnsi: coyote ka Mearnes (eningizimu-mpumalanga Colorado, eseningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Utah, enyakatho Mexico)
• C. l. i-microdon: i-coyote Rio Grande (eseningizimu yeTexas nasenyakatho neMexico)
• C. l. ochropus: California Valley Coyote (California futhi Sierra Nevada)
• C. l. peninsulae: EPeninsular Coyote (eCalifornia)
• C. l. Izindwangu: ama-coyote acacile (ama-Texas, enyakatho ye-mexico entsha, i-mexico eseNyakatho-mpumalanga)
• C. l. thamnos: coyote enyakatho-mpumalanga (Saskatchewan, Ontario, Indiana futhi Missouri)
• C. l. umpquensis: Coyote osenyakatho ntshonalanga (iWashington ne-Oregon)
• C. l. vigilis: coyote Colimian (Mexico)
• C. l. lepofagus (okuqothulayo): I-Eurasian coyote (yayihlala ePleistocene eMpumalanga Ekude, Empumalanga Ephakathi neSentral)

• coyote Eastern (Canis latrans x Canis lycaon) - a hybrid of coyote futhi impisi empumalanga.
• Coyvol (Canis latrans x Canis lupus) kuyinto hybrid of coyote kanye grey wolf.
• AmaCoyotes (uCanis latrans x Canis lupus Famaris) - umlungu we-coyote nenja
• I-Koyotoshakal (i-Canis latrans x Canis aureus) - i-hybrid ethunjiwe ye-coyote ne-jackal yase-Asia

Umsuka

Coyote kuyinto relict Pliocene (preglacial) zilwane. Esimweni sayo samanje kwavela cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-2,5 edlule. Idlozi le-coyote yesimanje yi-coyote (Canis lepophagus) kaJohnston, eyaqalwa eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyishumi nezingu-10,3 edlule. Ekugcineni ushonile eminyakeni engaba yizigidi eziyi-1.8 edlule. Mayelana 2.5 million edlule, zilwane zakhe ozalweni, le coyote yesimanje, ehlukanisiwe coyote Johnston sika. Igama lesi Latin canis lepophagus Kuhunyushwa ngokuthi "odla izinja hares" (kusuka ku-lat. lepus - "hare" ne-phagus - "ukushwabadela").

Uma kubhekwa izinsalela zamathambo, i-coyote kaJohnston yayifana kakhulu nozalo lwayo lwanamuhla, kodwa yayihluke ngosayizi wayo omkhulu nogebhezi olukhulu olukhulu. Ngokusho kokuphindwa kabusha kwezazi ze-paleontologists, isisindo esijwayelekile se-Johnston coyote sasizoba cishe ngama-35-40 kg, kanti isisindo samakhilikithi zanamuhla sasisuka ku-9 siye ku-21 kg.

Ezinganekwaneni

Esikhathini izinganekwane nezinkolo North wamaNdiya aseMelika, le coyote iyisilwane engcwele, Umlumbi nge livela kuNkulunkulu. Imvamisa, unkulunkulu wamaCoyote ungomunye wonkulunkulu be-pantheon. KuNavajo Coyote (Atshekhaske, uSvarlivets wokuQala) nguMdali, unkulunkulu wezwe elingaphansi, kanye nothando, umdanso kanye nempi, umsunguli wobuthakathi, ohlukaniswe ngokungathathi hlangothi eceleni kwecala le-Good-Evil (“Esithombeni sabankulunkulu uhlangothi oluseningizimu, nobubi - ohlangothini olusenyakatho, uCoyote uhlala ngasemnyango, futhi ngaleyo ndlela angangena ebuhlotsheni bezinhlangothi zombili "- lena ngenye yezinganekwane zamaNavajo. UCrow Coyote unoMdali futhi unkulunkulu ophakeme.

Ngo izizwe eziningi Indian, abazingela a coyote, njengoba isilwane engengcwele totem, kuyinto kube yinto enqatshelwe. Ngokusho izinkolelo Native American, kuphela Labelaphi ingathinta isikhumba coyote efile angajeziswa, bonke abanye bazothola isiqalekiso ngenxa okungcwele ezinjalo.

Ezizweni eziningi, i-coyote nayo ingowokuqala emhlabeni emhlabeni.

Ku-Mythology yaseMelika yoMdabu, isithombe se-coyote sakha indawo yonke. UCoyote, ngokusho kwenganekwane yomdabu yaseMelika, wayengumdalwa wokuqala emhlabeni. Uzakubeletha kwesilwane ezokwenza asinde ngisho nasezimweni sekupheleni kwezwe. Ngokwemibiko ye-Native legend American lasendulo - "a coyote kuyoba owokugcina isidalwa esiphilayo emhlabeni. Ngemuva kokuba inyathi inyamalale, indoda inyamalale, nomhlaba ungene ebumnyameni. Bese kuthi ebumnyameni obukhulu, ukukhamuluka kwaphakade kwe-coyote kuzokhala. "