IColumba palumbus yigama lesiLatini lale nyoni evela emndenini wejuba. "I-Columba" igama lasendulo lamajuba e-Greece yasendulo, elivela egameni lesiGrikhi elisho ukuthi "diver" futhi inikezwe isiko labanye abamele uhlobo lokuphonsa phansi lapho indiza. I-etymology yegama elithi "palumbus" ayicaci kahle, kepha kubonakala sengathi futhi isho "ijuba". UVyakhir noVituten bangamagama ezinhlobo zalezi zinhlobo zomlando wazo ezifihliwe ebumnyameni besikhathi.

Ngabe ijuba libukeka kanjani?

Ijuba lasendle le-vahir linomzimba omkhulu onobude obungafika ku-40 cm, futhi litholakala ngaphezulu. I-Wingspan - 75 cm.

Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo, i-vahir inamaphiko amancanyana nomsila omude wejuba elikusayizi.

Isisindo sale nyoni sisuka ku-500 g kuya ku-1 kg. Lokhu kungulube omkhulu.

UVahir - ijuba ngokucophelela okukhuluAkafuni ukubonwa. Lapho kuvela owesilisa, leli juba elikhulu liyahamba lize licashe. Umbala oyinhloko wejuba ungwevu onama-smoky nama-brown brown. Uqhwaku lupinki noma luphuzi, intamo iphonsa umbala ohlaza okotshani, i-goiter ingaba yi-turquoise noma i-lilac. Izimpiko zihlotshiswe ngemivimbo emhlophe.

Igalari: ihlathi lejazi vahir (izithombe ezingama-25)

Habitat

UWituiten uhlala eMpumalanga nase Ntshonalanga Yurophu, kanye naseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga Afrika, e-Asia. E-Russia kutholakala kuyo yonke ingxenye yase-Europe.

Habitat engavamile inyoni yehlathi. IVitutyen itholakala ezindaweni zezintaba ze-Central Asia. Kepha inyoni ihlela izidleke yonke indawo futhi ingena emiphakathini yamahlathi. Izihlahla ezingasogwini kanye namahlathi angandile ezintabeni amfanele. Uma kungekho okhathaza inyoni, iyokwakha isidleke kunoma yikuphi ukutshala.

Kuya ngendawo i-vortex ingafuduka noma ixazululwe. Ukusuka kokutholakala enyakatho, ijuba liya ezindaweni ezifudumele. Amahlathi eCrimea kanye neCaucasus ayifanele impilo yaphakade.

Eziqeshini ezisenyakatho, inyoni i-vakhir ithanda amahlathi e-coniferous. Kwezinye izindawo, kuthuthukiswa amahlathi ahlanganisiwe nezihlahla zama-oki. Ungahlala endaweni yehlathi-steppe.

Hatching amaqanda kanye nokondla amaphuphu

Lapho eseqedile ukwakha isidleke, ijuba le-vahir libeka iqanda lokuqala bese kwesibili. Emva kwalokhu, izinyoni ziqala ukuzidonsa ngenye indlela. Ijuba leduna lichitha isikhathi esincane kule nqubo, njengoba nalo libamba iqhaza ekuvikelweni kwensimu yalo. Ngonyaka nje, lezi zinyoni zinezinduku ezi-1-2.

Ngemuva kwamaviki amabili wokuqanduselwa, amaphuphu avela emaqanda. Inqubo yokubondla ngamajuba ihlala cishe izinsuku ezingama-40. Kuqala, abazali basuthisa imidlwane ngemikhwebu eyabo, okufanekisela lokho okubizwa ngokuthi “ubisi lwenyoni”. Kancane kancane, izingane zijwayela ezinye izinhlobo zokudla, zijwayelane nezinhlobonhlobo zazo ezinhle. Esihlokweni esithi "I-Pigeon Chicks" ungathola eminye imininingwane ngalesi sihloko.

Ngesikhathi sokudla, amajuba amancane afunda ukundiza, bese eqala impilo yokuzimela. Isikhathi saso sineminyaka engaba ngu-16.

Ukuziphatha

UVahir akabuthandi ubukhona bomuntu. Mhlawumbe umuntu ukhumbuza inyoni yakudala ngenkathi kwakuyindaba yokuzingela.

Isidenge sengulube sidala isidleke kude nezindawo zokuhlala zabantu okungenani i-1.5-2 km. Kodwa-ke, lesi sici siyiqiniso ngeRussia kuphela. EYurophu, i-zahir ingahle itholakale emapulazini aseduze kwabantu. Kwesinye isikhathi ama-vahiri atholakala emadolobheni amakhulu, kepha inyoni ayiphumelelanga ukuthuthela kuma-megacities. Bahlala emahlathini akude.

AmaVyahiri aqoqana ngemihlambi yabambalwa. Ikakhulu ukunqwabelana kwabo kuningi ngesikhathi sendiza yasekwindla.

Ukuhlelwa kwezinyoni emahlathini acijile nalawa ahlanganisiwe, kepha ayathanda ukudla emasimini lapho enokudla khona okwanele. Emahlathini e-coniffort ukhetha ama-blueberries. Le nyoni ayiwazi kahle amaxhaphozi; ingaphila emaphethelweni ayo.

Naphezu kokuqapha ngokwemvelo, le nyoni iyasebenza futhi inenhlalo nabafowethu. Ezwini lakhe, inyoni yenza umsindo ngezimpawu zezinye izihlobo. Futhi usuka, le enamaphiko eshaya amaphiko ayo kakhulu.

Umsoco

Emadolobheni, inyoni idla isinkwa nezinhlamvu. Lokhu ngukudla okujwayelekile kwejuba.

IVahir, njengawo wonke amajuba, iyabhebhetheka. Ukhetha okusanhlamvu angakuthola emhlabeni. Ingadla futhi okusanhlamvu okuvela ezihlahleni. Idla amajikijolo nezithelo ezivela ezihlahleni, ama-pecks efihlekile, otshanini. Ukudla okuhlukahlukene okuhlukile, inyoni ikhetha okusanhlamvu nezinhlamvu zomzimba. Ukuchazwa okungenzeka kwalokhu kumlutha inani eliphakeme lamandla lokudla okunjalo.

Ijuba lingadla imfucuza yomuntu uma ingahlali kude nekhaya lomuntu.

Ukudla kwe-Wahir ingavezwa kanjena:

• imbewu coniffort
• okusanhlamvu
• amajikijolo ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni,
• noma yimuphi amantongomane
• efihlekile amagatsha
• amahlumela amancane otshani
• izitshalo zasensimini
• izinambuzane
• amanye amajikijolo: ama-currants, amagilebhisi, i-honeysuckle.

Ukuzala

Ngemuva kokugcina ubusika, iphakethe selivele linemibhangqwana eyenziwe yodwa eyenziwe yodwa kanye nesibalo esikhulu sabantu abasha. Kepha ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, ukwakheka kuyashintsha. Umhlambi uyaqhekeka, izinyoni zakha izinyunyana zomshado futhi ziqale ukudlekwa. Isikhathi siqala ngo-Ephreli kuya kuSepthemba.

Ukuziphatha kwe-vahir ngesikhathi sesidleke kufana nejuba elimpunga. Owesilisa uthola isiza esidlekayo bese eqala ukushada. Abesilisa abanesizungu baziphatha ngale ndlela. Ukuziphatha okufanayo nakanjani ukuheha insikazi. Umkhwenyana uphola kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ekuseni, ezama ukuheha insikazi. Owesilisa uqobo umema izintokazi ezindizayo, ziphume zihlangane nabo.

Sengisenzile izithandani, izinyoni ziqala ukwakha isidleke. Ukukhetha indawo kungokwowesilisa. Imvamisa ihlosi eliphakathi lehlathi lilungele isidleke. Gqoka isidleke phakathi kwamagatsha amakhulu, uwaxhuma amancane. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa isidleke isilungile. Izidleke ezilahliwe zezinye izinyoni nazo zingakulungela ukwakhiwa.

Lapho-ke owesilisa uyaphola futhi ashushuluze insikazi. Lona isiko lemidlalo yokuhlanganisa.

Ngemuva kokudla isidleke insikazi ibeka iqanda elilodwa bese eyesibili. Isikhathi sokufukelwa siqala, kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-15-18. Owesifazane nowesilisa bahleli emaqandeni. Kepha insikazi ihlala isikhathi eside, ngoba owesilisa usabambekile ekuvikeleni isidleke.

Umama upha amantshontsho avela cishe isikhathi esingangenyanga ngamabhulashi avinjelwe kusuka ku-goiter. Izidleke zisesidlekeni izinsuku ezingafika ku-40, khona-ke zifunda ukundiza bese ziqala ukuziphilisa ngokuzimela. UVyahiri uphila iminyaka engaba ngu-16.

Incazelo yenyoni nezimpawu zayo

Amajuba asendle asendle ahamba ngamaplamu amahle kakhulu, adonsela ukunaka ngombala onsundu. Lokhu kufakwa imibala kuyithuba elihlukile lokufihla izisulu. Ngemuva kokufihla, izitha aziliboni ijuba, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi zinganakwa. Phezu kwesifuba ipayipi libomvu, entanyeni - luhlaza okotshani. Elangeni, izimpaphe zezinyoni zikhazimula kahle kakhulu.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nabalingani bayo basemadolobheni, isivunguvungu sikhulu kakhulu. Ubude bomzimba emsileni bungaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-40. Isisindo sabo singafinyelela ngaphezu kwekhilogremu elilodwa. Futhi, kutholakale abantu abanesisindo sekhilogremu elilodwa nohhafu.

Izinyoni zinekhanda elincane lombala womlotha. Esihlokweni kukhona amehlo amnyama ayindilinga. Ulayini ozungeze umfundi uphuzi. Uqhwaku olubomvu olugobekile phansi ngenzipho ebukhali ephuzi. Ikhanda litholakala entanyeni egobekile ngomusa nge-tint yensimbi, ezinhlangothini ze-plumage kunezindawo ezimbili ezimhlophe ezihlukile.

Amajuba anomsila omncane ovela ngenkathi indiza, ngaleyo ndlela akhombisa umucu omhlophe odlulayo. Izimpiko ezindizayo zifinyelela kuma-80 cm. Lapho inyoni indiza, ungabona imicu emhlophe emhlophe ewela izimpiko. Amaphiko amakhulu akuvumela ukuthi ufinyelele ku-180 km / h. Ukufuduka kwesizini akukubi ezitolo ezinkulu - ziyakwazi ukumboza amabanga afike ku-1000 km ngaphandle kokuma.

Isidumbu sitholakala emilenzeni emincane ye-pinkish-red hue. Imiphetho ebukhali ivumela inyoni ukuba ibambe kalula emagatsheni.

Emavikini okuqala empilo, iplamu lamachwane alifani nejuba elidala. Izingane zilawulwa ngumbala onsomi onsomi. Kuphela ngobudala, amaphuphu abaheha futhi akhange.

Indawo yokusabalalisa

I-Wyahir inendawo ebanzi yokusabalalisa ebanzi. Ihlala cishe kuyo yonke iYurophu, ngaphandle kwezifunda zasenyakatho. Kwezinye izindawo, le nyoni ayihlali unyaka wonke, ngesikhathi sezulu esibandayo, indizela ezimpini ezifudumele, kodwa ibuyela lapho entwasahlobo. Ngalesi sikhathi, ubonakala emasimini kakolweni wasebusika, lapho ijuba lidlela khona.

Izinyoni zasendle zichitha iningi lesikhathi sazo emahlathini ama-coniffort, futhi azivamile ukuhlala ezindaweni zasepaki, zidla lapho.

Ividiyo: Vahir

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokubhaliswa, noma izinhlanga zomhlaba, ezihlukaniswa umbala nosayizi wendawo emhlophe entanyeni:

• a subspecies ejwayelekile ahlala eYurophu, eSiberia, enyakatho ne-Afrika,
• ama-subspecies ama-Azores (C. p. azorica) aqhamuka esiqhingini sase-Azores yisona mnyama futhi sikhanyise kakhulu,
• Ukubhaliswa kwe-Iranian (C. k. Iranica), kukhanya kunamajuba aseYurophu,
• I-subspecies kaKleinschmidt (C. p. kleinschmidti) ichazwa isuka eScotland,
• Izingosi zase-Eshiya (C. p. Casiotis, C. p. Kirmanica) - indawo azalelwe kuyo amaHimalaya, amabala asentanyeni anciphile, aphuzi,
• Ama-subspecies aseNyakatho Afrika (C. p. Excelsa) empeleni awafani ne-European,
• i-subspecies kaGigi (C. p. ghigii) ihlala esiqhingini saseSardinia.

Kuhlobo lwezinhlobo ezingama-33 - 35. Ngomqondo wesimanje, ngamajuba kuphela oMhlaba Omdala angawakhe, ngaphandle kwe-sisar eyake yathunyelwa. Ama-pigeons aleli qembu avela eLate Miocene eminyakeni eyisigidi eziyisi-7,8 eyedlule futhi kusobala ukuthi wayenokhokho abavamile nabaseMelika, ababehlala ezweni elisha noma elidala - ososayensi abakafinyeleli esiphethweni esisodwa.

Ukubukeka nezimpawu

Photo: Ibonakala kanjani i-vortex

IVyakhir ihluke kahle kwamanye amajuba ngosayizi nangebala. Lona mkhulu kunawo wonke amajuba asekhaya: ubude besilisa buhlukahluka kusuka ku-40 kuye ku-46 cm, izinsikazi zisuka ku-38 ziye ku-44 cm. Owesilisa unesisindo esingu-460 - 600 g, insikazi incane. Umzimba uphakeme, ulungiselelwe, ngamaphiko amafushane nomsila omude.

I-dimorphism yezocansi ngombala cishe ayibonakali. Ingubo yabo bobabili ubulili yakhelwe ngamabala aluhlaza, kwesinye isikhathi amathoni aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngaphansi komzimba, kanye nangaphansi kwamaphiko, kukhona ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okubonakala kahle endizeni. Umugqa omhlophe uphakama phezulu usuka phezulu ngamaphiko osakazekayo, ogcizelelwa umbala omnyama onsundu wezimpaphe ezimboze phezulu kanye nezimpaphe ezicishe zibe mnyama.

Izimpaphe zomsila zimnyama emaphethelweni. Kukhona amabala amhlophe acwebile ezinhlangothini zentamo, njengomngcele phakathi kwekhanda eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye nomqobelo obomvu onsomi nesifuba. Emadodeni, amabala makhulu kakhulu kunabesifazane. Futhi-ke, kunegama lomkhiqizo lijule - ukugcwala kwemicibisholo entanyeni, okukhulunywa ngakho ikakhulukazi kwabesilisa. Uqhwaku luwolintshi ngethiphu eliphuzi, imilenze ipinki, iso liphuzi.

Ijuba elincanyana libomvu kakhudlwana, ngaphandle kwamabala entanyeni kanye ne-sheen yensimbi. Uqhwaku lunsundu ngensumpa emhlophe. Ifulethi lindizela kahle ijuba, okungenani lingenza izindiza ezithile zonyaka, okuyinto idolobha lethu i-cucar ingenakukwazi. Ukusuka kumzingeli, kwenza ukujika okubukhali emoyeni. Lapho usuka, ugoba kakhulu futhi ushaya izimpiko zawo. Uhamba njengawo wonke amajuba ngezinyathelo ezincane futhi anikine ikhanda. Inamathela ngokuqinile kumagatsha kanye nezintambo. Imisindo iyaduma, iyabubula. Isikhathi sokuphila seminyaka eyi-16 noma ngaphezudlwana.

Ihlala phi i-vahir?

Isithombe: IVakhir eRussia

Uhla lwe-Vitutnya luhlanganisa iYurophu ngaphandle kwasenyakatho yeScandinavia (eRussia umngcele osenyakatho ufinyelela e-Arkhangelsk), ingxenye eseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeSiberia idolobha laseTomsk empumalanga (ezinye izinyoni zindiza ngaphezulu), iCaucasus neCrimea, inyakatho yeKazakhstan, eCentral Asia, iHimalaya, China, Middle East, eNyakatho Afrika. In iningi lobubanzi bayo, kwenza izindiza ezithile zonyaka. Uhlala unyaka wonke eningizimu yeYurophu (kusukela eningizimu yeNgilandi), eningizimu yeTurkmenistan, kwesinye isikhathi uhlala eCaucasus naseCrimea ebusika. EHimalaya, izintaba zase-Afghanistan naseMpumalanga Ephakathi, kuphela ebusika. E-Afrika (Algeria, Morocco kanye neTunisia), zombili izinyoni zasendaweni nezihambi ezivela eYurophu zihlangana ebusika.

I-Wituiten inyoni esehlathini ejwayelekile, ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela ingahlala phakathi kwezihlahlana. Ukuphila emahlathini wezintaba namathafa wanoma uluphi uhlobo, oluqine futhi oluhlangene. Ithanda hhayi zasendle eziyizithulu, kodwa imiphetho yamahlathi nokuvulwa, amabhange emifula, amabhande amahlathi. Ezifundeni ezingenamizambo ezingenamikhawulo zihlala emabhande amahlathi, amahlathi nezikhukhula. Uma kungenzeka, uyakugwema ukusondela kwezindawo zokuhlala, kepha lapho kungathintwa khona, ngokwesibonelo, emazweni angaphandle kweYurophu, uhlala emapaki amadolobha, ngaphansi kophahla, emphemeni nasemasimini aseduze. Siphawulwe emapaki amadala aseduze naseSt.

Iqiniso elikhangayo: ENgilandi, i-vajir yiyona ejwayelekile kakhulu kunamajuba. Inani lakhona lapha lingaphezulu kwezigidi ezi-5. Uhlala emapaki nasezingadini zamadolobhana amaningi namadolobhana aleli lizwe, wondla ngokudambisa umuntu futhi kungabizwa ngokuthi “ihlathi”.

Manje uyazi ukuthi isiphepho sitholakala kuphi. Asibone ukuthi idlani le nyoni.

Idla i-vakhir?

Isithombe: bird Vahir

Isivunguvungu singadla yonke into ijuba lingakudla nokunye okuningi. Amajuba ajwayele ukuqoqa ukudla emhlabathini, kepha iphiko le-wye-lingokuhlukile. Ungakhipha izingxenye zezitshalo ezidliwayo, uhambe emhlabathini futhi uhlale emagatsheni ezihlahla.

Ukudla kwakhe kufaka:

• Imbewu yokusanhlamvu, i-legumes, i-Crosstificial, ne-asteraceae iyingxenye esemqoka yemenyu. Kubandakanya okusanhlamvu okuvuthiwe futhi okuwile kokhokho, izilimo, i-buckwheat, i-hemp, i-sunflower,
• Ukudla okuluhlaza ngohlobo lwamahlumela wasebusika, kanye namaqabunga amancanyana emifino yezilimo zasendle, zasensimini nezengadi, kuvame ukudlwengulwa neklabishi
• izithelo ezinoshukela (i-honeysuckle, i-blueberries, i-lingonberry, i-elderberry, i-bird cherry, i-ash ash, ama-blueberries, ama-currants, ama-mulberry, okhalweni lwama rose, amagilebhisi),
• amantongomane, ama-acorns, i-beech, i-pine kanye ne-spruce imbewu,
• izinso ezidla ebusika nasentwasahlobo,
• izinambuzane kanye nemollusks,
• imfucuza yokudla emigqonyeni kadoti yezindawo zokuhlala.

Njengezilwane eziningi ezidla okusanhlamvu, i-vakhir iginya amatshe amatshe - itshe lokugaya okusanhlamvu. Isisindo sazo singafinyelela ku-2 g .Kukuhlala endaweni eyodwa, ijuba likwazi ukudonsa ukolweni ongu-100 g, noma ama-75 g wama-acorn. Ukwanda kwengxenye kuncike ezimeni - lapho kulinywe kakhulu indawo, izipho ezengeziwe zamasimu emenyu yamajuba. Kungenzeka yini ukuthi umsola ngalokhu? Ngaphezu kwalokho, akuhlali konakalisa izilimo, ikakhulukazi ziqoqa okusele emasimini ngemuva kokuvuna. Ngalesi sikhathi, amaphuphu ayakhula, futhi izinyoni ziyathuthela emihlanjini ukuze zithole amandla ngaphambi kokuba indiza. Lapha kufika isikhathi sokuzingela.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Photo: Pigeon Whirlwind

Lamajuba ngokuvamile ayizinyoni zamahlathi ezifihla buthule emiqheleni yezihlahla ngesikhathi sokuzalela. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuphenduka kwabesilisa kuphela kanye nokuncipha kwam amaphuphu okungakhombisa ubukhona babo. Izinyoni ziqaphe kakhulu, zikhathazekile, zingaphonsa isidleke ngamaqanda. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, esimweni sokuphumula esimnandi, ama-vahiri ajwayela umphakathi wabantu futhi angahlala emadolobheni. Iningi ligcinwa ngababili, kepha omakhelwane bangahlangana eduze kwamanzi noma ezindaweni zokuzondla, okuvame kakhulu ekuseni nangaphambi kokushona kwelanga. Lapho sebehlafunile amachwane, babutha imihlambi yabo, okuyinto enkulu kakhulu ekwindla.

Izinyoni zihlala kuphela ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu zohlu lokuzalela, ukusuka enyakatho zindiza ziye ebusika, noma kunalokho ziqonde eningizimu. Isibonelo, amajuba amaCrimea enza indiza eningizimu yeYurophu, kuthi abasenyakatho beze eCrimea ebusika. Ukuhamba kwenzeka ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene, kusukela ngoSepthemba (Leningrad Region) kuze kuphele ngo-Okthoba (Volga Delta), kepha uma kunjalo, ukusuka kwazo zonke izikole kuthatha isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga. Ukubuya kwenzeka futhi ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, kuvela izinyoni kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-Mashi, enyakatho - ngo-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi.

Izinyoni ezidlulayo zihamba ikakhulukazi engxenyeni yokuqala yosuku, ngoba zichitha ubusuku zikhetha indawo eyihlathi enezihlahla ezinde nokubukeka okuhle. Batyala kuphela emva kwesheke lokuphepha eliphelele, abenzela ngalo imibuthano eminingana endaweni leyo. Ohambweni olubuyela emuva, basebenzisa izindlela ezifanayo, kodwa baziphatha ngokuhlukile.Entwasahlobo bancintisana usuku lonke ngaphandle kokumiswa, futhi ngesikhathi sezindiza zasekwindla bayama ukuzondla emasimini ezitshalo zasebusika, iklabishi, emasimini anezinhlamvu ezivuniwe, emahlathini ama-oki nasemaphethelweni. Izinyoni zasebusika zigcina emaphaketheni futhi zibandakanyeka ekusukeni konke okudlekayo emasimini.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Lapho ukufaka ama-goiters emasimini, amajuba awaphelelwa ukuqaphela kwawo. Ngakho-ke, bancamela ukondla phakathi kokuxakekile, kungekho okuphakeme kunedolo, izilimo, noma ngezinhlanga eziphansi. Ukukhombisa ukuphepha kwale ndawo, abazingeli batshala amagwababa agxilile namajuba kuyo. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuze sikholwe kakhudlwana, kusethwa iqoqo lezilwane ezigxunyekiwe ezibonisa ukondla, abasebenza ngemilindo kanye nabantu abahleli phansi.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Photo: Izinyoni Vahir

Ijuba liyinyoni ethembekile, yakha amaphara amade ahlala isikhathi eside. Abashadikazi osekwenzekile bndiza ebusika nabashadikazi baye endaweni abayijwayele, futhi abantu abasha bathola ama-halves abo lapho. Owesilisa oyedwa uhlasela isiza futhi akhulume ngamalungelo akhe kuso. Ingoma yothando ye-wahir ifana nokuhewula okungahle kuchazwe ngokuthi yi-gu-gu-gu.

Ijuba licula phezulu kwesihlahla, likhumula ngezikhathi ezithile, likhexe futhi lihlele phansi. Ngaphandle kokufinyelela esihlahleni, iphinda ikhuphuke kaningana. Ukubona insikazi, kuya kuye futhi ihlela ukubuyela kusayithi, icele ukujoyina. Umcimbi womshado uhambisana nokukhala kwendlebe nokugoba ngomsila wayo. Uma owesimame evuma, wenza isibonakaliso sokuya mating. UVyahiri uqabula okuncane futhi kubanda.

Lo mbhangqwana ukhetha indawo yesidleke ngemfoloko emagatsheni noma egatsheni elivundile endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-2,5 - 20. Owesilisa uqoqa amahlumela, bese lowo oshade naye enza isidleke sawo, esibukeka kakhulu njengekhwala: inqwaba enobubanzi obungamasentimitha angama-25 - 45 ngokucindezelwa okuphakathi. Ngemuva kwalokho ubeka amaqanda amabili bese bobabili abazali beqala ukuwafaka. Lokhu kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli noma ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Izihlobo zesibili, uma ziphumelele, zenza phakathi kwehlobo.

Hatching ihlala izinsuku eziyi-17. Lokhu kulandelwa isikhathi sokudla sezinsuku ezingama-26- 28, lapho bobabili abazali beba nengxenye. Izinsuku zokuqala zondliwa kaningana ngosuku ngobisi lwe-goiter, bese kuphela ekuseni nakusihlwa, kodwa sezivele zinengxube yokusanhlamvu nobisi. Kusukela emavikini amathathu, amachwane aqala ukushiya isidleke usuku, abuyele kusihlwa. Kepha lapho sebendiza ngokuphelele, bahlala bethembele ezinye izinsuku ezimbalwa, bethola ukudla okuvela kubazali babo. Kuphela ngemuva kwenyanga lapho bezimela ngokuphelele.

Iqiniso elithokozisayo: Usuku lowesilisa luchazwa ngale ndlela elandelayo: ukuqala kokusa ekuseni kuthatha u-4,2% wesikhathi, ibhulakufesi ngo-10.4%, usuku lokuphasa ngo-2.8%, ukuhlanza izimpaphe ngo-11.9%, ukufukamela okungu-22.9%, isidlo sakusihlwa I-10.4%, ukuhlanza izimpaphe - 4.2%, ubuthi kusihlwa - 6.2%, ukulala - 27%. Isheduli yabesifazane ibukeka kanjena: isidlo sasekuseni - i-10.4%, ukuhlanza - i-8.3%, isidlo sakusihlwa - 4.2%, ukungashisi + ukulala - u-77.1%.

Izitha zemvelo ze-wyahir

Photo: Ibonakala kanjani i-vortex

Endle, ijuba eliminyene liyinyoka elimnandi. Izinyamazane eziningi zigaya amazinyo akhe, futhi ikakhulukazi, imilomo.

• i-goshawk nondlunkulu babulala inyamazane emoyeni namagatsha,
• i-peregrine falcon umzingeli onemibala ongenakulawuleka, osemdala futhi oqinile,
• igwababa - "impisi enamabala", libulala izinyoni ezibuthakathaka, lisebenzisa amachwane namaqanda ezidlekeni,
• i-magpie ne-jay abakwazi ukubekezelela inyoni endala, kepha badla amaqanda - kwezinye izindawo, ngokwesilinganiso, aze afike ku-40%,
• I-squirrel nayo iyisithandwa esikhulu samaqanda ezinyoni.

Abantu banikeza amajuba ukukhathazeka okuningi futhi banciphise amanani abo ngokuqondile, badubule ekuzingeleni, futhi ngokungaqondile, bashintshe futhi banoshevu endaweni yabo yokuhlala. Ukunyuka kwesibalo sabantu kwenza ukuba izinyoni eziqaphile zishiye izindawo zazo ezidlekayo futhi zithathe umango ziye endle nasemagumbini akude, aya ngokuya eba mancane. Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi yokubulala izinambuzane, ikakhulukazi i-DDT esevinjelwe manje, kululaze kakhulu inani lamajuba. Kanye nokuzingela zona, manje ezinqunyelwe kakhulu. Kepha iVyakhir iyinambuzane eyaziwayo yezolimo, engakuvimbeli ngokuphelele ukuzingela kwayo.

Angeke sayiziba into enjalo yokwehla kwenani labantu, njengezimo zesimo sezulu. Ihlobo elibandayo kanye nehlobo elimanzi kuholela ekudlekeni sekwephuzile, ngakho-ke izinyoni azinaso isikhathi sokubeka amazinyane wesibili. Izimo ezimbi zobusika kanye nokuntuleka kokudla kuholela ekufeni kwabantu okuphambili: ama-60-70% ezilwanyana ezisencane kanye nama-30% amajuba amadala ayafa.

Iqiniso elithokozisayo: E-Kuban ebusika abaningi busebusika. Izinkulungwane zemihlambi zimuncwe nje kancane ngabazingeli, ngoba imvume yokudubula ayikhishwa minyaka yonke futhi kuphela kuze kube nguDisemba 31. Ngokuhlwitha phakathi kwamajuba, kuqala ubhubhane lwe-candidiasis, olimaza ngaphezu kokuzingela. Kubhekwa kunengqondo ukwelula isikhathi sokudubula ukuze unciphise inani futhi ugweme ukweqisa.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Izinga lomhlaba le-vahiri likhulu kakhulu - babalelwa ezigidini ezingama-51 - 73 abantu ngabodwana. Kubandakanya eYurophu, okubandakanya ama-80% ebanga, abantu abayizigidi ezingama-40.9 - 58 abantu abahlala (ngokusho kwedatha ka-2015). Inani elikhulu labantu likhona esifundeni i-East Baltic. Ngokuvamile, ibanga liyakhula kancane kancane ngenxa yokwanda kubhekiswa eScandinavia naseziqhingini zaseForte (eDenmark). Isizathu salokhu ukuthuthuka kwejuba lama-agrolandscapes nobuningi bokudla kulezi zindawo. Ukuzingela kuvunyelwe eNgilandi, eFrance, eHungary, eScotland.

Endaweni yokusatshalaliswa, ama-vitiuti atholakala engekho ngokomqondo futhi ngokungalingani, njengoba ejwayelekile endaweni yaseRussia, kepha hhayi amaningi. Kukhona abantu ababodwa noma imihlambi emincane efinyelela ezinkulungwaneni eziyi-15. Umhlambi omkhulu, izinyoni ezingama-80 kuye kwezingu-150 umuntu ngamunye, futhi iziqu zazo zingabukwa kuphela ngesikhathi sezindiza noma ngesikhathi sasebusika. Izinkulungwane zamajuba ahlangana eKuban ebusika, ebusika lapha phakathi kwamasimu wejongilanga.

Futhi esifundeni saseMoscow amabhangqa ambalwa manje asedlekeni, yize ekuqaleni kweminyaka engama-30s yemihlambi wezinyoni ezingama-40-50 atholakala. Esifundeni esenyakatho-ntshonalanga, isibalo samajuba sahlala sisezingeni eliphakeme kuze kube yilapho ama-70s, ikakhulukazi, esifundeni saseLeningrad, izidleke eziyi-10 ngekhilomitha eli-1 ngalinye. Kepha kusukela ngeminyaka engama-70s, izinyoni ezingezinhle zifakiwe ohlwini lwezinto zokuzingela nokukhula kwazo sekuyekile. Yize namanje kungasajwayelekile kulezi zindawo.

Ngokuvamile, ukuzingela ngokusobala akusona isizathu esibaluleke kangaka sokwehla kwenani lamajuba. Ukuzingela iVahir kunemininingwane yayo futhi abazingeli abambalwa bayakunaka. Ngakho-ke esifundeni saseKaliningrad, lapho izinyoni ziningi khona, ngokusho kwedatha ka-2008 - 2011. Abazingeli abangama-35 kuphela kwabayizinkulungwane eziyi-12 abanesifiso se-vyakhir. Isimo sezinhlobo ngokusho kwe-IUCN "siyisilwane esinamanani andayo" futhi asidingi kuvikeleka.

Iqiniso elikhangayo: ama-Azores subspecies e-vahir abhalwe ku-IUCN CC, ngoba asinda eziqhingini ezimbili kuphela: iPico naseSan Miguel. Izindlela zokusekela iMadeira zanyamalala ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule.

Umuntu angaxabana ngokungapheli ukuthi ububi bukulungele umbuso wezilwane. Abazingeli baneziphakamiso zabo ezikholisayo nokudubula ukuvimbela ukwanda futhi, ngenxa yalokho, indlala nobhubhane, okukholisayo kunazo zonke. Into esemqoka kulolu daba ukwenza ngokuqonda, kucatshangelwa isibalo sezinyoni isivunguvungu nesimo sokuguquka kwaso.

UVahir: ijuba lasendle elihlala e-Afrika naseSiberia

Uyazi ukuthi uhlobo lwamajuba lufanekiselwa inani elikhulu lezinhlobo zezilwane, eziningi zazo izakhamuzi ezihlala edolobheni ezingakaze zizwe ngazo? Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngenye yezinhlobo ezimbalwa neziqaphelayo zalezi zinyoni ezimangalisayo - i-vahir.

Izici zokuziphatha

Ukuziphatha akuhlukile kakhulu kwezinye izinhlobo zamajuba: inyoni iyavuka ekuseni kakhulu, indiza esivunguvungwini inamandla amakhulu futhi iyakhala. Ukutholakala okunzima kwale nyoni kungenxa yomqondo wayo okhulayo wokuzivikela - ngisho nokudla okuthanda ukudla kuthanda ukuthola ukudla okukude nendawo esidlekeni.

Ukudla okuyinhloko kwe-vyakhir kuyizithelo zezihlahla eziqhakazayo neziqine: imbewu yesigaxa nama-acorn. Ngesikhathi izindiza ziya ezintabeni ezifudumele, uVyahiri uzama ukumisa eholidini ezindaweni ezingenakufinyeleleka ezilwaneni ezidla imiphefumulo - emithambekeni yezintaba nama-gorges.

Izinhlobo Ezihlukahlukeneko

Izinhlobo ze-vakhir zimelelwa inombolo enkulu yama-subspecies, amaningi awo asevele ebhujiswe ngumuntu, kanti amanye abhalwe kwi-Red Book. Ngezansi ungazijwayeza abanye babamele abasaqothuka beVitutnitsa:

• I-Azores Vahir imele iziqhingi zegama elifanayo futhi elalihlala kuzo iningi leziqhingi zalo, kodwa manje selibhalwe ku-Red Book futhi libhekwa njengasengozini - ungahlangana nabamele balo eziqhingini zaseSan Miguel nasePico (ngokungathandeki ngokwanele, usengakwazi ukuzingela eSan Miguel inyoni)
• Ijuba lasehlathini lase-Asia (ijuba elinomhlanga) - ekuqaleni lalihlala ubukhulu be-Asia, futhi eminyakeni engama-400 eyedlule, ngokusho kwe-ornithologists, laqala ukwandisa indawo yalo yokuhlala. Ijuba ligxile ezindaweni zokuhlala zabantu, okukuvumela ukuba kudle ebusika nasehlobo ngaphandle kokuchitha amandla ezindizeni ezinde,
• Ijuba lasehlathini laseNyakatho Afrika (ijuba elinamachashazi) likhula lifike ku-40 cm ubude, lingabi nesisindo esingaphezu kwama-gramu ayi-400, linamakhonkolo amhlophe emaphikweni alo abukeka njengamachashazi amhlophe avela kude. Idla ngembewu yama-cones, izilimo namantongomane. Indawo etholakala ebusheni isuka eSenegal iye eSomalia,
• I-vahir yase-Iranian (ihlala e-Iran) - isici sale nyoni ukuphakama kwendiza yayo, kwesinye isikhathi abantu abathile bakhuphuka kakhulu kangangokuba bangeneki iso lomuntu. Zonke izinhlobo ze-Iranian ziyafana, kepha ziyahlukahluka ngobukhulu nezimpawu zomzimba.

Emvelweni, ngeshwa, kunzima kakhulu ukuhlangana nomthakathi-impukane, nokho, ezindaweni zokugcina izilwane ezinkulu kukhona imindeni ephelele yamajuba anjalo, futhi noma yisiphi isivakashi singabona ngokwanele kwale nyoni engavamile.

Izici nendawo yokuhlala ye-vahir

Wahir - Le njiwa yasendle ehlathini, ngenye indlela ibizwa ngokuthi i-wicker. Lokhu kungummeleli womndeni wejuba, omkhulu ngokubonakalayo kunabalingani bawo. Ubude bomzimba wenyoni bungama-40 cm, kepha kwezinye izimo busondele engxenyeni yemitha.

Izimpiko zezinyoni zifinyelela ku-75 cm nangaphezulu, isisindo sisuka ku-450 g, futhi kwesinye isikhathi singaphansi kwe-1 kg. Izinyoni ezinje ziyizihlobo eziseduzane zawo wonke amadolobha namajuba asekhaya namajuba, futhi angabameli basendle balo mndeni, kodwa abancane kakhulu ngosayizi.

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona isithombe vahir, umbala wezinyoni uthakazelisa kakhulu: ingemuva eliyinhloko limpunga noma mpunga ngombala obomvu, obomvu obomvu noma opinki, intambo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nge-sheen yensimbi, i-goiter turquoise noma i-lilac.

Ngaleso sikhashana, lapho izinyoni zindiza ubude, imicu emhlophe ehlanganiswa namabala asentanyeni, kanye nasezinhlangothini ngesimo se-crescent, abonakala ngokucacile kwelinye nelinye lamaphiko kanye nomsila.

Swing mapiko cishe nge-75 cm.

Uqhwaku lwenyoni luphuzi noma lupinki ngombala, Amehlo aphuzi, imilenze ibomvu. Kulula ukwahlukanisa kwezinye izihlobo zamajuba, ngaphandle kwesilinganiso esikhulu, ngesifushane, ngokuqhathaniswa nosayizi wazo, amaphiko nomsila omude.

Izinyoni ezinjalo zihlala emahlathini acwengile eScandinavia futhi zitholakala phezulu eHimalaya. Ensimini ye-USSR yangaphambili, zivamile ezifundeni zaseBaltic nase-Ukraine. E-Russia, amajuba asendle asendle angatholakala kakhulu ezifundeni zeLeningrad, Gorky neNovgorod.

Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, i-vortex ingaba yinyoni yokuhlala noma inyoni efudukayo. Okufakiwe, okuhlala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho kakhulu, ebusika kuvame ukudlulela emaphethelweni afudumele. Kepha isimo sezulu seCrimea neCaucasus sesivele silungele izinyoni zobusika, lapho zifika unyaka wonke.

Eduze nenyakatho, izinyoni zivame ukuhlala emahlathini acijile, kodwa ngaseningizimu zitholakala emahlathini ahlanganisiwe, kanye nama-oki oki, lapho kunokudla okwanele. Kwesinye isikhathi kusakazeka esifundeni se-steppe-steppe.

IVahir - ijuba elikhulu lamahlathi

Ngenxa yokubukeka okuhlukile nezimpawu zezinyoni ezithile zasendle, ziyafuywa ekhaya. Ngenxa yokuheha kwayo nosayizi wayo wangaphandle, ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwamajuba yi-vahir. Ingenye yezinhlobo ezinkulu zabamele abomndeni wamajuba abahlala ehlathini.

Le nyoni inegama elilodwa ngaphezulu - umhlonyane. Umzimba wakhe ufinyelela kubude obungu-45 cm, amaphiko angadlula ama-75 cm, umsila - ama-66-77 cm, nesisindo sisebangeni lama-690-930 g.

Umbala wezimbali eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nezimpunga ezinamahhashi abomvu entanyeni nasebeleni, ne-turquoise goiter zimpawu zabantu bobabili ubulili. Lezi zinyoni zinomlomo ophuzi ophuzi ophuzi.

Ijuba lasendle elisendle lihlala emahlathini ama-conifurative, axutshwe futhi aqinile kude nokufinyelela komuntu, ngoba kaningi lolu hlobo lwejuba luyinto yokuzingela. Kwesinye isikhathi eNtshonalanga Yurophu itholakala emadolobheni.

I-Wituiten iyinyoni efudukayo ebuka ezindaweni ezifudumele ngasekupheleni kukaMashi futhi ihamba iyodla ubusika ngo-Okthoba. Imvamisa, amajuba asebusika kakhulu ogwini loLwandle iMedithera, futhi kwesinye isikhathi aze athuthele e-Algeria naseMorocco. Ngemuva kokubuya ebusika, izinyoni zihlala emhlanjini isikhashana, bese zihlukana zimbhangqana ngokwakhiwa kwezidleke nokuzalwa kwam amaphuphu.

Izidleke zalezi njuba ziba namahlumela akhethwe ngokucophelela abekwe ezigxotsheni zamagatsha ezihlahla endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1010 ukusuka lapho abantu bezinyamazane bengafinyeleleki khona. Afinyelela ubukhulu obungu-32 cm.

Isimo nendlela yokuphila yevahir

Ngaphandle kwezikhathi zokukhulisa amaphuphu, ihlathi isivunguvungu senjiwa yasendle imvamisa ukhetha ukuhlala emihlambini kanye nabafowethu, inani labantu lapho lifinyelela emashumini ambalwa ezinyoni. Amaqembu amakhulu ama-vyakhire akhiwa ngesikhathi sezindiza zasekwindla.

Noma izinyoni zidla ekuthuleni kwamahlathi ahlanganayo futhi axutshwe (imvamisa kakhulu emaphethelweni abo), zithanda ukuchitha isikhathi esisele emasimini lapho zivame ukuba nokudla okuningi.

UVahiri uthanda ukupakisha

Lezi yizinyoni ezinakekelayo, kepha ngasikhathi sinye futhi zinamandla. Banikeza izwi, bona, njengawo wonke amajuba, bayakhala: “Kru-kuuuuu-ku-kuk”. Futhi ukukhuphuka emhlabathini, isivunguvungu sidonsa amaphiko aso kakhulu, sikhipha ikhwela elibukhali.

U-Wahir Hunt Kungokwemicimbi eminingi yezemidlalo futhi kungumsebenzi othokozisa kakhulu futhi othokozisayo. Kuliqiniso, ukuxwayisa okungokwemvelo kwalezi zinyoni kudala ubunzima obuningi kubalandeli bokuzijabulisa okunjalo, kodwa isifiso sokukhipha nokukhanga izinyoni zengeza injabulo nobumnandi. Futhi umzingeli udinga isilinganiso esifanelekile sokuzola, ukuqaphela, ukukhuthazela nokubekezela.

Entwasahlobo, ezindaweni ezivunyelwe, ama-amateurs agijimisa inyamazane enezinwele ukuyozingela amajuba asendle ngohlaka. Ngasikhathi sinye, abazingeli abanolwazi balingisa izwi lezinyoni, ngaleyo ndlela libancenge.

Ehlobo, zivame ukuzingela wahir nge igcwele. Le ngenye indlela ejwayelekile yokuheha isisulu esinjalo. Inyoni yokwakha ngomfanekiso wejuba lasendle wahir, ukuthenga kalula, futhi amathoyizi anjalo athengiswa ezitolo ezikhethekile.

Futhi izifaniso zabo eziphilayo, abajwayele ukuhlala emaphaketheni, bebona "izihlobo" zabo, bathokozela ukundiza bayohlala eduze, okuyilokho abalandeli bobuqili bokusebenzisa ukuzingela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho igxiliwe kakhulu, kulapho amathuba okuthi ahehe inani elikhulu kakhulu lamajuba asendle lelo qhinga elinjalo. Ukuzingela i-vyakhire ngama-pneumatics akuvunyelwe ezweni lethu, yize abephula umthetho bevame ukusebenzisa lolu hlobo lwesikhali.

Njengomphumela wokuzingela kwezinyoni, ama-subspecies amaningi amajuba asendle, isibonelo, uColumba palumbus azorica, asengozini enkulu futhi asatshiswa ngokuqothuka, futhi ngenxa yalokho abhalwe kwiBhuku elibomvu.

Enye imininingwane engaphansi kwe-vahir, eyake yahlala iziqhingi zeziqhingi zaseMadeira, ngeshwa, yachithwa ngokuphelele kule minyaka edlule. Noma inani labantu base-Azorean vahir lithathwa njengaphakathi ebangeni elijwayelekile, lalihlala kuzo zonke iziqhingi ezinkulu zeziqhingi, kepha manje ligcinwa eziqhingini zasePico naseSan Miguel kuphela.

Isibalo se-vyakhirei asisiningi namhlanje. Futhi inani labantu bejuba lasendle lehliswa kakhulu, hhayi kuphela ngokudutshulwa kwabo, kodwa futhi nokuchithwa kwamahlathi okungenamusa kwamahlathi lapho bebehlala khona ngaphambili.

Ukubuka kwePigeon yasendle

Ngesikhathi esithile sonyaka, lapho izilimo zitholakala, ijuba lamahlathi lingatholakala enkundleni - yena uqoqa okusanhlamvu lapho. ENtshonalanga Yurophu kuneningi lazo edolobheni, emapaki, ezingadini. Ijuba elenzelayo likhipha ubukhona balo ngomsindo ojwayelekile. Ijuba elithukile ligxwala imiqhele yezihlahla, lidonsa amaphiko alo ngomsindo. Ezindaweni eziningi lapho abantu bondla khona izinyoni, bathanda ukudla futhi bavunyelwe ukuba basondele kubo.

IVahir yiyona enkulu kunazo zonke phakathi komndeni wamajuba emahlathini ase-Euro. Ubude bomzimba buyi-44 cm, isisindo - 630 kg. Wakha izidleke ezihlahleni futhi ubeka amaqanda ama-2 ngalinye. Lokhu kuzalanisa kuxosha ngisho namakhwabane esidlekeni sawo. Okokuqala, yondla amachwane ngobisi lwejuba, olwabelwe i-goiter yabazali ke - - okusanhlamvu nembewu. Ukudla okuthandekayo kungamantongomane e-bamboo nama-acorn, agwinywa ephelele. Ebusika, endiza emazweni aseningizimu emaqenjini amakhulu abantu abafinyelela kwabangama-500.

Ukudla okujwayelekile kwezinyoni ehlathini

Le njiwa enkulu yasendle idla ikakhulukazi ekudleni kwezitshalo. IVyakhir idla ezihlahleni kaningi kunabanye abamele umndeni wamajuba. Udla amajikijolo, izithelo, amantongomane, amaqabunga kanye namaqabunga. Ukufinyelela entweni ekhethiwe, le nyoni ihlala ilenga phansi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma kunesidingo, isihlungi sithola ukudla emhlabathini, sithathe okusanhlamvu, izithelo, amantongomane, i-pipering blueberries, i-blueberries, i-lingonberry.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izibungu zomhlaba kanye nezimbungulu zingukudla okwamukelekayo kwalesi njuba. Izinyoni zalolu hlobo zinakekela kakhulu, ngakho-ke zivame ukundiza ukuzondla ekuseni noma ekuseni kakhulu.

Ehlobo, izinyoni ziyaqaphela kakhulu futhi zifihla ngokusola okuncane okuyingozi. Lapho isikhathi sekwindla sifika, amajuba aqoqana emihlambini futhi andizela endaweni evulekile.

Umuthi okhethekile kubo okusanhlamvu okusele emasimini ngemuva kokuvuna ukolweni, izigaxa. Lokhu kudla kunenani eliphakeme lamandla ejuba. Eduze kwezindawo zokuhlala abantu, imfucuza yokudla ingakhanga izinyoni.

Kungalesi sikhathi lapho amajuba asengozini enkulu, ngoba maningi amathuba okuba izisulu zabazingeli.

Izitha eziphambili zikaWyahira

Ingozi enkulu kumthakathi endle imelelwa yizinyoni ezidla inyama. Phezu kwama-hawks kanye nama-falcons, amajuba ahlushwa iqhude elingwevu, imilingo, amajezi, ama-squirrels aqeda izidleke zawo, abhubhise amaqanda. Umfel 'ukholo angazingela i-vyakhir, ngoba ingahamba ngokukhululeka phakathi komqhele wezihlahla.

Ngenxa yesisindo nobukhulu obukhulu, lezi zinyoni ngeke zikwazi ukuphuma ngokushesha, ngakho-ke, lapho zifika phansi, zisengozini yezimpungushe nezimbila.

Kanye nazo zonke izinto zemvelo, inani lamajuba asendle asendle athinteka ngqo kumuntu obheka lolu hlobo lwezinambuzane ezinamazinyo futhi aluqede kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwezinye izifunda, imidlalo yokuzingela i-vahir ithole ukuthandwa okuthile. Ukudubula ijuba, abazingeli basebenzisa izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi, izithiyo nezicupho.

Umphumela wezenzo ezinjalo uvame ukuncipha kwenani lalezi zinyoni liye ezingeni elibucayi. Kanye nezinhlekelele zemvelo, izici ezinjalo ziyalimaza amajuba amahlathi.

Uzosisiza kakhulu uma wabelana ngendatshana ezinkundleni zokuxhumana futhi uthanda Ngiyabonga ngalokho.

Bhalisela isiteshi sethu.

Funda izindaba ezingaphezulu kweZinyoni.

Indawo nendawo yokuhlala

IVahir itholakala ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba. Ihlala eNtshonalanga naseMpumalanga Yurophu, e-Iran, e-Iraq, eHimalaya, eNyakatho Ntshonalanga Afrika, e-Asia Minor naseNyakatho Asia.

Ijuba lamahlathi lidlangile endaweni ye-USSR yangaphambili. Ingatholakala ezifundeni ezinje:

• Volhynia.
• Iziketi.
• Isifunda saseNovgorod.
• Isifunda saseSt.
• I-Western Siberia.
• Isifunda se-Azov.
• I-Caucasus
• ECrimea

IVahir iyinyoni efudukayo. Ubusika buvame eCrimea naseCaucasus. Umhlali wasehlathini ushiya ubusika ngaphambi kukaSepthemba, futhi abafikayo bokuqala sebevele babaliwe ekuqaleni kukaMashi.

I-pigeon witten ingahlala emahlathini ahlukahlukene. Enyakatho, uthanda ukudla emahlathini ama-coniferous kanye ne-spruce. Kuthuthelwa eningizimu, amahlathi ayaxutshwa, futhi izinyoni zizizwa zizinhle kuwo. Uma amaConifers etholakala, ahlala kuwo. Ijuba alenqabi kusuka emithini yama-oki. Bathola nesiphephelo sabo endaweni yama-steppe, lapho engekho khona amahlathi amaningi. Uthanda amahlathi e-beech ne-birch.

U-Wahir Hunt

Ukuzingela le nyoni umcimbi othokozisayo. Kodwa-ke, ukuxwayisa kumzingeli kuyinkinga enkulu. Ngesikhathi sokuzingela kudinga ukubekezela nokukhuthazela. Akubona bonke abazingeli abazibandakanye ekuzingeleni i-vahirey, ngoba kuchithwa inani elikhulu lama-cartridge.

Entwasahlobo, abazingeli balingisa amajuba asendle, bawayenga ngale ndlela.

Ehlobo, ukuzingela kwe-scarecrow kuvamile. Njengokwezithiyo, sebenzisa isoyizi ye-vakhir esitolo. Ukuphila i-vahiri, ngokuba nokuzijabulisa, ukundiza ngenkuthalo kukhuphukela kulolu hlobo lokuheha, okuyikho abazingeli abasebenzisa.

Ezinye izindlela zokuzingela nazo ziyasetshenziswa:

• ezindaweni zokunisela,
• ezindaweni zokondla,
• ukuthola izindawo zokuphumula,
• nendlela.

Ukuzingela izinyoni zasendle ukusebenzisa izibhamu zomoya akuvunyelwe. Lokhu kungenxa yokuqothulwa kwezinhlobo eziningi zezinyoni. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-vahir zacekelwa phansi ngenxa yokuzingela okunjalo.

Inani le-vyakhirei lehla hhayi kuphela ngokudutshulwa, kodwa futhi ngenxa yokugawulwa kwamahlathi, okwakusebenza njengekhaya labo.

Izinga lezwi nokuziphatha

Ngisho nasekuntweleni kokusa, i-vahir iqala ukukhipha imisindo ekhangayo ye-"kru-kuu-ku-kuk". Amajuba enza izindiza ezinamandla, enza ikhwela elibukhali lamaphiko. Ngesikhathi sokuzalela, izinyoni zalokhu kuzalanisa ziziphatha ngasese, zicashe emagqumeni ezihlahla futhi zithule uma zizwa ukuthi izilwane ziyasondela noma abantu.

Ijuba lidla endaweni efanayo, hhayi kude nesidleke. Iziphatha ngokuqapha ngempukane, imvamisa imisa ezindaweni ezinamathafa, lapho kunzima khona ukufika kwezinye izilwane.

Isimo Sabantu Nokuvikelwa

Ijuba lasendle lasendle liyisidalwa esithanda ukuhleleka nokuthula. Kungabonakala ukuthi ukufudukela emadolobheni kuholela ekwehlisweni kosayizi wabantu basemakhaya, ngenxa yokuthi kuzoba nokuthula ehlathini. Kepha ngenxa yokuthi ukuhamba ngezinyawo nokuvakasha ngezimoto kukhula kakhulu, amajuba ashiya izindawo akujwayele. Ijuba lasendle licishe lacisha ukuhlala emahlathini asezindaweni ezivakashelwa ngabakhi bamakhowe cishe sonke isikhathi sehlobo.

Isibalo samavithamini siqale ukwehla kusukela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engama-40 yekhulu lama-20, isizathu salokhu kwaba ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali anobuthi kwezolimo - inani labo elikhulu laholela ekufeni kwezinyoni. Namuhla, inani lezinyoni alisaqothulwa ngabazingeli; kubo, ukuzingela amajuba asendle kungukugembula. Ijuba lejuba lindizela kalula, noma ngabe umzingeli engena kulo, ngoba akulula kangako ukuthola inyoni efile, futhi lokhu kuholela ekutheni ukuzingela kuyaqhubeka.

E-Azores kuhlala izingxenyana zama-vyakhir - Columba palumbus azorica, afakwe kwi-Red Book. Wayehlala amahlathi azo zonke iziqhingi ezinkulu zeziqhingi, kodwa namuhla utholakala kuphela eziqhingini zasePico naseSan Miguel. Enye imininingwane engaphansi kwesisekelo se-vahir, esizinze eziqhingini zaseMadeira - Columba palumbus maderensis, yachithwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule.

Indlela yokuphila nesikhathi

Njengezilwane zasendle eziningi, amajuba akhetha ukuqaphela. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi amaWyahiri awasizi ngalutho phambi kwezitha ezinkulu. Kepha kuyabasiza ukuthi bagweme ingozi yithuba lokuthuthukisa isivinini sendiza. Uma umhlaseli eseduze, amajuba athula aqine, ngaleyo ndlela angazinikeli. Futhi isilwane singatshelwa ukuthi kunesiphepho esiseduze, amaphiko ezinyoni, ngoba ngesikhathi sendiza ungezwa imisindo enkulu efana nekhwela.

Izinyoni azithandi abantu. Bancamela ukuhlomisa izidleke ezingekho ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha ama-2 ukusuka ezindaweni zokuhlala abantu. Kepha kunezimo ezinje ezisondele kakhulu kubantu, kepha noma kunjalo awukwazi ukuzithola emadolobheni amakhulu. Bathanda amahlathi akude - lapho bazizwa bekhululekile, bephephile, bathola ithuba lokukhulisa inzalo yabo.

Phakathi kwabo, ama-vahiri aziphatha ngendlela enomdlandla, ayenhlalo. Zinemihlambi emikhulu kunalokho, inani lezinyoni lingafinyelela abantu abangaphezulu kweshumi nambili.

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle zokuhlala, amajuba asendle asendle angaphila iminyaka eyi-16.

Kwakhiwa kanjani i-pair yamajuba?

Amajuba afinyelela ekukhulelweni ngezinyanga eziyi-10-11 kusukela azalwa. Kungalesi sikhathi lapho ukuheha izintokazi, izinsikazi zihlala eziqongweni zezihlahla bese ziqala ukukhala kakhulu. Imvamisa baqala usuku lwabo kusuka kulokhu, ngoba bajwayele ukwenza imisindo enjalo ekuseni.

Ngemuva kokuba owesimame ebhekise ijuba, wehla, amzungeze, angayeki ukukhala. Imidlalo enjalo yokuzalela ngemuva kwalokho iholela ekubekeni amaqanda.

Ukuhleleka kwe-Nest

Ngaphambi kokufaka amaqanda, izibungu zihlomisa isidleke esifanelekile. Banesibopho esikhulu mayelana nelungiselelo. Ngaphambi kokuthatha ihlumela lokwakha, izinyoni zidonsa ngokucophelela kuwo ngomlomo wazo, kube sengathi zifuna amandla. Kungemva kokuba inyoni iqinisekile ukuthi ikhwalithi yezinto ezibonakalayo ifanelekile, kuzokuthatha ukwakha isidleke.

Okuhlaba umxhwele kakhulu ijubane lapho ama-vahiri ahlomisa isidleke sawo; kuthatha kuphela izinsuku ezimbalwa ukwakha. Bakha uhlaka oluqinile besebenzisa amagatsha awugqinsi, phakathi kwamahlumela anwebeka kalula, amahlumela amancane. Ngenxa yalokhu, kungenzeka ukuthola isidleke esinezimbobo eziphansi futhi ikhukhamba elixegayo elinezimbobo eziningana ezivelayo phakathi kwamagatsha.

Amajuba athole izidleke zawo endaweni ephakeme engekho amamitha amabili ukusuka phansi. Ama-wyahiri angamavila kuphela angasebenzisa izinsalela zezidleke zezinye izinyoni, ngokwesibonelo, ama-falcons, izibungu, amagwababa.

Izitha zemvelo zeVahir

Isidlakudla esiyingozi esiyingozi kakhulu sejuba lasendle elimnyama yizinyoni ezidla inyama. Amajuba ahlupheka hhayi kuphela ngamanga namaphisi, kepha futhi aphuma emajayini, ama-squirrels, amagwababa grey, imantshi - achitha izidleke ze-vyakhire, abhubhisa amaqanda. Imbongi ibuye ibe ngumzingeli wejuba, elikwazi ukuhamba ngokukhululeka phakathi komqhele wezihlahla.

Njengoba ama-wyahiri ehlukaniswa ngesisindo sawo esikhulu nosayizi omkhulu womzimba, awakwazi ukuthatha ngokushesha okukhulu. Lapho zifika emhlabathini, zivame ukuba ngukudla kwezimbila nezimpungushe.

Ama-Vitutnits ahlupheka kakhulu kubantu, ngenxa yokuthi inani lezinyoni lincishiswa kakhulu. Abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuthi amajuba asemahlathini alimaza izihlahla futhi ngenxa yalokho abulala izinyoni.

I-Vyahiri - amajuba amahlathi, noma awasendle, kepha ayingozi kubantu. Izici zangaphandle zezinyoni ziyamangaza ikakhulukazi: zikhulu ngokwanele, kepha ngokushesha: ingozi ezwa ngayo, zisuka zicashe. Izinyoni zingazifihla kahle. Banakekela izingane zabo, ngokuzimela bondla futhi baqeqesha amaphuphu.

Ingozi yamajuba

Njengamanje, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngama-290 emhlabeni. Ochwepheshe beqa uhlobo olulodwa nolunye ukuze bathuthukise noma balondoloze izimfanelo ezibalulekile zezinhlobo. Kepha, naphezu kokuthuthuka komkhakha wokuzalela amajuba, kunezinhlobo eseyekile ukubakhona ngenxa yokuqothulwa.

I-Trisulfone - imiyalo yama-broilers, onogwaja nezinkomo

Ezindaweni ezivunyelwe, ukuzingela i-vahir kuwukuzilibazisa okuthandayo kwabantu. Behlatshwe umxhwele ukunakekelwa kwezinyoni, abazingeli bezemidlalo bajabulela umsebenzi wokubamba izinyoni injabulo enkulu. Kumnandi for bukhoma bird isithiyo bakha isikhafu esikhethekile ngendlela yeswirlows, okufanele isebenze njengezisusa zokubukeka kwejuba. Futhi abanye abazingeli bangalingisa imisindo yezinyoni.

Ngenxa yobumnandi obunjalo, ezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni ezihlukile kade zabhalwa ku-Red Book futhi zivikelwe. Okungenani okuncane, kodwa ithemba lokuthi abantu abangasitholi isicelo sokuthambekela kwabo ekujabuliseni, lapho nje bethola abafowethu abangavikeleki ngabancane bethu, bazobuyekeza izinto abazithandayo futhi babheke umhlaba ogcwele ukuvumelana kwemvelo - ngamehlo ahlukile!

Izici ezingathandeki

Inani lamajuba alezi zinhlobo ikakhulukazi lincike emisebenzini yabantu. Ezintweni ezingezinhle ze-vahire, kufanelekile ukugqamisa ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kwezolimo zamanyolo wamaminerali kanye nemithi yokubulala izinambuzane, ngenxa yalesi sizathu inani lamajuba alezi zinhlobo laqala ukwehla emuva ngawo-1940-1950s. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-vituniten ayikuthandi ukukhathazeka, futhi manje emahlathini asezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba kanye nezindawo zokuzijabulisa zalezi zinyoni sekuphendulekile. Ngakho-ke, kulawo hlathi abantu abavame ukuwavakashela, noma ngabe bengabavakashi abavamile abangenzi lutho olubi ezinyoni, la majiba ayekile ukuhlalela. Yize ngokwezinga elikhulu ukwehla kwesibalo kwabantu kuthinteka ngokudutshulwa kwamajuba, okungabazingeli, ikakhulu ngenxa yokuthokozela kwezemidlalo, ngoba lezi zinyoni azinalo inani elikhethekile kwezomnotho. Futhi akukho okubi okuvela kubo. Ngokungafani namajuba aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-vahiri ayizithwali zezifo ezithathelwanayo eziyingozi, okungenani ngenxa yokuxhumana okungavamile nezilwane nabantu.

Kunezinto zemvelo ezingathinta inani lezinyoni. Lezi yizimo zezulu ezahlukahlukene kanye nokungafani kwesimo sezulu ukuthi ngezikhathi ezithile kutholakala emngceleni osenyakatho nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga yendawo yokuhlala kwalezi njuba.

Entwasahlobo ebandayo, evikelekile noma ngesikhathi sasehlobo elimanzi, izinsuku zokudla kwalezi zinyoni zingabambezeleka kuJuni noma ngoJulayi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kuzobekwa iqanda elilodwa kuphela.

Izitha ezidla izitha eziyizimvelo ziyizitha zemvelo zikaWyahira ngokwemvelo. Le yi-peregrine falcon ne-goshawk. Kepha amaWyahiri nawo ahlushwa izinyamazane ezincane (Crow, Jay and Magpies). Lezi zokugcina ikakhulukazi zibhubhisa amaqanda e-wyahirai. Ngokweminye imibiko, babika cishe ama-40% wokulahleka kwamaqanda. Ama-squirrels angachitha izidleke zalezi njuba.