Ukuhlaziywa kofuzo kukhombisa ukuthi namuhla likhona izinhlobo ezine zezindlulamithi, hhayi noyedwa, njengoba ososayensi ngaphambili bebakholelwa.
Imirabhu eminingi engapheli iyaziwa, kepha ngesikhathi sethu emndenini kunezinhlobo ezimbili kuphela: i-okapi futhi, empeleni, izindlulamithi ezinde. Ngokuya ngemibala ecashile yombala, inani lezimpondo nezinye izici, zihlukaniswe ngama-subspecies angama-9-11.
Kodwa-ke, ukuhlaziywa kokuqala kofuzo okuningiliza kwezindlulamithi kushintsha kakhulu lesi sithombe. Abalobi bendatshana ekhishwe ngumagazini i-Current Biology bachaza izinhlobo ezine ezahlukahlukene zalezi zilwane ngasikhathi sinye.
Iziphakamiso zokwehlukanisa izindlulamithi (i-Giraffa camelopardalis) zibe yizinhlobo ezihlukile kuzwakele ngaphambili: umehluko wangaphandle wabanye abantu usuhlaba umxhwele kakhulu. Isibonelo, ezinye zingaba nezimpondo ezintathu ze-ossicon, kanti ezinye ezinhlanu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuze kube muva nje, kwakungekho ukuthola umehluko omkhulu ngempela. Ukuqhathaniswa kwe-DNA yabo ye-mitochondrial - izingcezwana ezincane zenzalo ye-extrachromosomal zedluliselwa ngokuqinile emugqeni womama - zikhombise ukufana okukhulu kuzo zonke izindlulamithi.
Kuthathe u-Axel Janke kuGoethe Frankfurt nozakwabo iminyaka eminingi ukuqoqa cishe amasampula angama-190 okuvela kubamele bayo yonke imininingwane yezindlulamithi futhi aqhathanise nohlobo lwe-DNA yabo yenuzi - kwabanye babo lo msebenzi wenziwa okokuqala. Okwamangaza ososayensi, ukuhlaziya izakhi zofuzo kubonise ukuba khona kwezinhlobo ezine ezihluke ngokuphelele zezindlulamthi, okubonakala sengathi azihlanganisi endle.
"Bekungalindelekile ngokuphelele. Ukuhlukana kwabo kwenzeka eminyakeni eyizigidi ezi-1 eyedlule - kuningi, kungaphezu kokucabanga kwakho" - uJulian Fennessy, umsunguli we-Giraffe Protection Fund kanye nomunye wababhali abahlanganyela kulolu cwaningo
Ngokusekelwe kudatha entsha, ososayensi bakhombe izinhlobo ezine zezindlulamthi. IsiMasai (G. tippelskirchi) kanye i-reticular (G. reticulata) hlangana namaqembu amabili ngaphambili abebhekwa njengamalungu kuphela. Ezaseningizimu (G. giraffa) futhi I-Northern, noma i-Nubian (G. camelopardalis) faka ama-subspecies amabili nantathu, ngokulandelana.
Izindlulamithi zaseMasai (Giraffa tippelskirchi)
Izindlulamithi ezibuye zenziwe (i-Giraffa reticulata)
Ngokusho kweCell Press, zingaphansi kwe-8800 izindlulamthi ezinenetha ezisele, kanti ezingakwesobunxele zingama-4700. Ngaphandle kwezindlela zokuvikela ezingeziwe, sizibeka engcupheni yokulahlekelwa yilezi zinhlobo ngokushesha, sinesikhathi sokuzazi.
Indlulamithi yaseningizimu (iGiraffa giraffa), imininingwane engaphansi kweNingizimu Afrika (G. g. Giraffa)
Indlulamithi yaseNyakatho (G. camelopardalis), imininingwane yendlulamithi yase-Uganda, noma indlulamithi yeRothschild (G. c. Rothschildi)
Indlulamithi eNtshonalanga Afrika - subspecies ezingandile
Indlulamithi yaseNtshonalanga Afrika - okuyi-subspecies yendlulamithi, lezi zilwane, kunabantu abacishe babe ngama-200, ngakho-ke manje le nhlobo isongelwa ngokuqothulwa.
Indawo okusatshalaliswa kuyo izindlulamithi eNtshonalanga Afrika incane, futhi namuhla lezi ezincelisayo zitholakala kuphela eNiger.
Indlulamithi yaseNtshonalanga Afrika (Giraffa camelopardalis peralta).
Ukubukeka Kwendlulamithi eNtshonalanga Afrika
Izinduna zendlulamthi yaseNingizimu Afrika zingafinyelela kumamitha afinyelela ku-5.5-6, ngentamo yendlulile eyaziwayo eyenza ingxenye yesithathu yobude. Isisindo salezi zilwane ezinkulu sisuka ku-900 kuya ku-1200 kilogalamu. Abesifazane, njengomthetho, bangaphansi kwabesilisa ngobukhulu nangesisindo.
Intamo yezindlulamithi zaseNtshonalanga Afrika ayijwayelekile - yinde kakhulu, futhi lokhu yize iqukethe ama-vertebrae ayisikhombisa kuphela, njengazo zonke izilwane ezincelisayo.
. Indlulamithi yaseNtshonalanga Afrika isengozini.
Ngenxa yokukhula okuphezulu, umthwalo ohlelweni lokujikeleza kwegazi uyakhuphuka, okuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ekuhlinzekeni kwegazi kwamakhemikhali, yingakho inhliziyo yendlulamthi iqinile ikakhulukazi. Lo mzimba udlula cishe amalitha angama-60 egazi ngomzuzu, enesisindo esingu-12 kg. Ingcindezi yendlulamthi yaseNtshonalanga Afrika iphakeme kathathu ukwedlula eyomuntu. Kodwa-ke, lesi silwane besingeke sikwazi ukubekezelela ukulayisha ngokweqile ngehlise umoya futhi siphakamise ikhanda.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlulamithi yaseNtshonalanga Afrika inolimi olude, olumnyama, olungamahloni, isilwane esikhipha amagatsha angama-45 cm futhi sibambe amagatsha.
Iphethini esejazini lendlulamthi yaseNtshonalanga Afrika inezindawo ezimnyama ezitholakala ngemuva okukhanyayo, futhi yileso naleso sabantu. Umzimba ophansi ulula, kwezinye izindawo azikho amabala. Ekhanda, izinsikazi nezinsikazi zinezimpondo ezimbozwe ngoboya.
Amehlo amnyama, ahlanganiswe yi-eyelashes e-fluffy, izindlebe zimfushane. Izindlulamithi zinamehlo amahle, ukuzwa nokuzwa iphunga, ngenxa yokubona ingozi ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ukubuka konke okuhle kwendawo kunikeza, impela, ukukhula okuningi.
Isibalo sezindlulamithi zaseNtshonalanga Afrika asidluli izilwane eziyi-175.
Indlela Yokuphila Kwendlulamithi eNtshonalanga
Indlela yokuphila nokuziphatha kwezindlulamithi zaseNtshonalanga Afrika kwehlukile kulezo zezindlulamithi. Njengoba kuyizinkampani ezingaphansi ezingatholakali, ezinamachwane amade zidla, zizale futhi zincelise inzalo yazo, njengazo zonke izindlulamithi.
Kodwa-ke, izindlulamithi zaseNtshonalanga Afrika zigijima ngokushesha, futhi uma kunesidingo, ijubane lazo lifinyelela ku-65 km / h. Kodwa-ke, ama-artiodactyls alinganiselwe nokho akhetha "ukuhamba" okuthule okungenamuntu, okuhamba ngasikhathi sinye ngemilenze yomibili yangakwesobunxele, bese kuthi womabili kwesobunxele. Ngenxa yesisindo esikhulu nemilenze emincane, isilwane sikwazi ukuhamba kuphela endaweni elukhuni. Kuyamangaza ukuthi izindlulamthi ziyazi nokuthi zingagxuma kanjani, naphezu kohlobo oluthile lokuhamba kancane.
Izindlulamithi yizilwane ezi-herbivorous.
IGiraff yaseNtshonalanga neNdoda
Ama-Afrika kudala azingela izindlulamithi zaseNtshonalanga Afrika, adabula imigodi emikhulu, edalula izicupho.
Kwakusetshenziswa imisebe emide yendlulamithi ukwenza imicu yezintambo zomucu.
Izingubo zazenziwe ngezikhumba zezindlulamithi, okwakuyimpawu yesimo esiphakeme. Inyama yalezi zilwane inzima impela, kepha iyadliwa. Ngenhlanhla, ukuzingela kwezizwe zama-Afrika izindlulamithi zase Ntshonalanga Afrika akuzange kufinyelele ezingeni elikhulu, futhi isibalo salezinhlobo zezilwane ezincelisayo sasingavikeleki njalo.
Namuhla, lesi silwane sisatshalaliswa eNiger kuphela.
Ukufika kwabahlali abamhlophe kuholele ekutheni lesi simo sibe sibi kakhulu, ngoba ukuzingela kwabanamaduna abade kwenziwa kwakuzijabulisa kakhulu. Namuhla, izindlulamithi zaseNtshonalanga Afrika ziyizilwane ezingajwayelekile, kepha kuthathwa izinyathelo zokuvikela nokuvikela lezi zilwanyana ezincelisayo ezinhle ezihlukile.
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