Kusukela ebuntwaneni, uTetra von Rio ubelokhu ehlotshaniswa nokuthile okuhle - mhlawumbe kungenxa yenhlayiya yaseJalimane "isizinda". Kamuva ngithole ukuthi "isizinda"Ngegama lomlilo i-tetra, tetra von rio, kukhombisa kuphela umsuka wezinhlobo - eziqhamuka ezindaweni ezihlala eRio de Janeiro. Ama-ararist aseJalimane abiza lezi zinhlobo ukuthi zingama-prosaic kakhudlwana - i-rubella eRio.

Yaziwa kusukela amashumi amabili, isicubu somlilo (I-Hyphessobrycon flammeus), kanye ne-neons kanye emeva, yathatha indawo yayo ngokuqinile ezindaweni zasemanzini zabathandi bama-characinides emhlabeni jikelele. Inhlanzi iyathandeka ngenxa yombala wayo ogqamile (ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle) futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, iyinto ethokozisayo yokuzalanisa nokuzala.

Izithombe tetra von rio

Iziphambano zomlilo ziyaziwa. i-tetra ngezinhlobo eziseduze - N. griemi, N. bifasciatus. Ngo-nzalo yesizukulwane sokuqala, umphumela we-heterosis ubonakala ngokucacile (inzalo iphakeme kunabazali ngosayizi, ubungqabavu, umbala, njll.). Ngokusekelwa kulezi zinqamu, isazi esidumile sofuzo wasemanzini uFedor Mikhailovich Polkanov uphethe ngokuthi ukukhethwa kungenzeka "kunoma yiliphi iqembu lezinhlanzi zase-aquarium."

Ngiphawula ukuthi eminyakeni yamuva nje, abathandi abaningi basebenzise ngempumelelo kwezinye izinhlobo zama-characin, njenge tetra von rio, i-anemia, i-neon eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, njll., indlela yethonya le-hormonal ekwenzeni imibala, ihlolwe kahle kuma-cyprinids.

Umuthi wethulwa ngokudla noma okuncibilikisiwe emanzini we-aquarium. Ngenxa yalokho, kwezinye izimo, umbala wezinhlanzi uba mkhulu ngokwengeziwe futhi nabantu abasha bathola imvunulo yokuqhathanisa yabakhiqizi. Kepha kanye nezinzuzo, indlela nayo inezingqinamba zayo: eqenjini “elinemibala”, ukwanda kwesifo nokufa kuyancipha. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngemuva kokuthola izithambiso zomlilo “ezinemibala”, ngaphawula ukuthi imiphumela ye-hormonal ayizange ibe nomthelela ekusebenzeni ngocansi, emsebenzini wabakhiqizi kanye nekhwalithi yenzalo.

Ividiyo - tetra von rio

Noma kunjalo, ngikholwa ukuthi le ndlela akufanele ingeniswe ekusebenzeni kwe-aquarium ngezinga elikhulu: sinesibopho sokugcina izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zemvelo ezindaweni zethu zokuhlala.

Ama-tetras omlilo okuhle futhi ngaphandle kwe- “tinting” eyengeziwe, udinga nje ukukhetha izimo ezifanele zokulungiswa kwazo nokukhanyisa.

I-Tetra von rio ibukeka kahle kuma-aquariums amade (afinyelela ku-60 amasentimitha), lapho amaqabunga e-cirrus, i-wallisneria, i-moss yamanzi, i-echinodorus encane nephansi ebanzi ye-echinodorus, ama-rotalla bush kanye ne-ludwig ikhula. Qiniseka ukuthi ushiya izindawo ezivulekile zokubhukuda izinhlanzi kwikholamu yamanzi futhi eduze kwengilazi engaphambili. Kukhanya okuhlanganisiwe okukhanyisiwe (izibani ze-incandescent zama-watts ezingama-25- 40 kanye nezibani ze-fluorescent zohlobo lwe-LBU-20), isikole senhlanzi yabantu abadala (izingcezu ezingama-20 - 40) kubukeka njengendawo epinki ehambayo. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi abesilisa bavelele eqenjini - baqhakaze kakhulu kunabesifazane.

Izithombe tetra von rio

Ukusukela eminyakeni emine yezinyanga ezine, isisu sowesifazane siqala ukuphuma ngamandla, kubantu abadala siyisiliva eliphuzi. Abesilisa banomzimba oyisicaba ozacile. Ubude besifazane ngamasentimitha ayi-4,5, abesilisa - 3.5.

Umbala wezinhlanzi ophambi komzimba u-silvery, ophuzi. Ngemuva kwesembozo se-gill, ukusuka maphakathi emuva kuya maphakathi nesisu, dlula imivimbo engu-2-3 ethambile emile mpo, isuka emgqeni wokugcina kuya ezimpandeni zomsila umbala wezinhlanzi upinki ngokubomvu.

Amaphinifa ama-dorsal ne-caudal - apinki, obala, anembala futhi anamafutha - aphuzi noma akanawo umbala. Amaphiko we-ventral ne-anal abomvu kakhulu. Emadodeni, umbala obomvu emafini uphenduka isitini. Imiphetho yamaphiko ihlotshiswe ngesibambo esimnyama esimnyama esiphenduka simnyama ngesikhathi sokuqhuma.

Okuqukethwe kwe-Tetra von rio

I-Tetra von rio aqukethe kuma-aquariums emazingeni okushisa ebusika angaphansi kwe-16 ° С, ehlobo - 20-22 ° С. Ubulukhuni bebonke bamanzi bufika ku-12 °, pH 6-7. Ukubuyiselwa njalo kwamanzi we-aquarium kuthinta kabi isimo senhlanzi. Kuyelulekwa ukubuyisela amaphesenti amanzi ayi-10 ngamanzi abilisiwe kanye ngesonto. Inani elikhulu lezinsalela ezijikelezayo eziwohlokayo libuye lilimaze nezithambiso zomlilo: ziba nokuphumula, ziphelelwe yisifiso sokudla, zizame ukuphuma nge-aquarium.

Izithombe tetra von rio

Izinhlanzi zinokuthula kakhulu futhi zingahlala endaweni yama-haracin aphakathi nendawo, ama-catfish, ama-cyprinid, amanye ama-cichlid aseNingizimu Melika, njll.

Kanjani spawning tetra von rio

I-Tetra von rio yenziwa ngezindlela eziningi. Umsebenzi oyinhloko ukulungiselela kahle amanzi angena emanzini, okufanele anakekelwe izinsuku ezingama-7-10 ngaphambi kokusakazeka. Ngenza kanjena. Ngixuba amalitha ama-5 wamanzi wepompo abilisiwe namalitha ama-5 we-distill bese ngifaka amaconsi angama-20 womhluzi we-peat noma ukukhishwa kwawo. Esikhundleni se-peat, ungafaka imbewu yezithelo ezi-alder ezi-3 noma ungeze ama-2-3 amathonsi we-phosphoric acid (i-hydrochloric acid yengeziwe ngaphambili). Ngokuhlanza izibungu ze-tetra von rio kanye nezibungu, kungcono ukusebenzisa amanzi ngobulukhuni obungaba ngu-4-4.5 ° kanye ne-pH ka-6.0-6.5.

Ama-Spawners afakwa endaweni ekhanyiswe yilanga noma esikhanyiselwe ngesibani se-incandescent esinamandla angama-25 watts ukusuka kude ne-20-30 cm. Izinga lokushisa kumele ligcinwe ku-25-26 ° C. Lapho uqhekeka ngababili, ukusatshalaliswa ngosayizi wamasentimitha ayi-15x25x15 kuthululelwa ngesendlalelo esingamasentimitha ayi-12-14. Ekudlekeni kwe-nesting (insikazi eyodwa neyamaduna amabili), ubukhulu bokunwebeka ngamasentimitha angama-25x25x25, ungqimba lwamanzi lungamasentimitha angama-20. Ezimweni ezinwebekayo zesikhundla esikhulu ngesendlalelo samanzi esingamasentimitha angama-18-20, ukusatshalaliswa kweqembu kungenzeka, kodwa inqwaba ye-caviar idliwa ngabakhiqizi.

Izinsuku ezingama-5-7 ngaphambi kokusabalala, izinsikazi zihlukaniswa nezinsikazi, zivimbe i-aquarium ngegridi yokuhlukanisa. Izinhlanzi kufanele zondliwe kahle ngokudla okuphilayo futhi zikhuphule izinga lokushisa kwamanzi kancane kancane.

Isendlalelo esivulekile siyisiponji se-kapron noma izitshalo ezinamaqabunga amancane, lapho amahora angama-6 kuya kwe-12 ngemuva kokutshala ekuhlanzeni, insikazi ibekela amaqanda amancanyana ayi-600. Ukuvikela amaqanda, kusetshenziswa isisetshenziswa esikhulu sokwehlukanisa, izixha zezingubo zokuhlanza zokwenziwa noma indwangu enezikhala ezinhle zenyoni.

Izithombe tetra von rio

Ekupheleni kokuqhuma, abakhiqizi be-tetra von rio batshaliwe, faka i-aeration engenamandla, banciphise izinga lamanzi ngamasentimitha ayi-10, engeza amaconsi ambalwa esisombululo se-bluu se-methylene. Kufika amaphesenti angama-80 amanzi angathathelwa indawo ngamanzi abilisiwe.

Amazinga okushisa angama-26 ° C, ngosuku, izibungu ziqala ukukhipha amaqanda. Zingahlala zicashe, noma ziqhubekele eceleni kwezindawo zokukhosela - iziqu zezitshalo, imicu yokuhlanza, njll. Ngosuku lwe-4-5, izibungu ziqala ukuzondla. Ngokuntuleka kokudla, ziyafa noma ziya ku-cannibalism. Ukuqala okuphakelayo - i-nauplii yama-cyclops, "uthuli bukhoma", ama-rotifers, ama-ciliates, iqanda leqanda elibilisiwe. Ngemuva kwesonto, ungangeza ekudleni kwe-nematode (kodwa ngesilinganiso esincane kakhulu), i-nauplii ye-brine shrimp, izigcawu kanye nokudla okune uthuli okwenziwe ngothuli. Ukondla okwengeziwe kulula.

Lapho lo mkhaza ukhula, kufanele udluliselwe ezitsheni ezinkulu nge-filtration ne-aeration. Amajaha kufanele ahlelwe. Izinsalela zokuphaka kanye nokungcola kusuka kumafishi asefrijini kumele asuswe nsuku zonke, esikhundleni sawo kungabi ngamaphesenti ama-5 amanzi ngosuku. Kusukela eminyakeni yenyanga eyodwa, izinhlanzi zinikezwa ifolishi lemvelaphi yezitshalo: isinkwa, okusanhlamvu, izingxube zokudla, i-richchia, i-wolfia. Ngenxa ye isicubu somlilo Ukuthambekela ekuhlanyeleni, kuyadingeka ukukhawulela ukubondla okuvuvukele emanzini, isinkwa esimhlophe, njll. Ngokuondla ngendlela efanele nokunakekelwa okufanele, izinsikazi zivuthwa zinezinyanga ezi-6 kuya kwezi-6, abesilisa - ngo-8-12. Isikhathi sokuphila yiminyaka engama-4-5.

Ukuphila endalweni

UTetra von rio (Hyphessobrycon flammeus) wachazwa yiMyers ngo-1924. Ihlala eSouth America, emfuleni osogwini we-Eastern Brazil kanye neRio De Janeiro.

Uncamela izinkokhiso, imifudlana nemisele ngokuhamba kancane. Zigcinwa emhlambini futhi zidla izinambuzane, kusukela ebusweni bamanzi nangaphansi kwawo.

Incazelo

I-Tetra von rio ekwakhekeni komzimba ayihlukile kwezinye i-tetras. Iphakeme kahle, kamuva icindezelwe ngamaphiko amancane.

Ikhula incane - ifinyelela ku-4 cm, futhi ingaphila iminyaka engaba ngu-3-4.

Ingaphambili lomzimba liyisiliva, kepha ingemuva libomvu ngokugqamile, ikakhulukazi emihlanjini.

Kunemivimbo emibili emnyama eqala ngokushesha ngemuva kwesembozo se-gill. Amehlo anabafundi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Ukondla

Ama-omnivores, ama-tetras adla zonke izinhlobo zokudla okuphilayo, okubandayo noma okufakwayo. Kungenzeka ukuthi ubondle ngezinhlamvu ezisezingeni eliphakeme, futhi unikeze ama-germorms kanye ne-artemia ngezikhathi ezithile, ekudleni okuphelele.

Qaphela ukuthi banomlomo omncane futhi udinga ukukhetha okuphakelayo okuncane.

I-Tetra von rio, izinhlanzi zasemanzini ezingenakuzithoba. Zidinga ukugcinwa emhlambini wabantu abangu-7, e-aquarium yamalitha angama-50. Izinhlanzi eziningi, isilinganiso esiningi kufanele sibe.

Bakhetha amanzi athambile futhi acwebile, njengawo wonke ama-tetras. Kepha enqubweni yokuzalaniswa kwezentengiso, bazivumelanisa ngokuphelele namapharamitha ahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi amanzi alukhuni.

Kubalulekile ukuthi amanzi asemanzini ahlanzekile futhi asha, ngoba lokhu kudinga ukushintshwa njalo kufakwe isihlungi.

Okuhle kunakho konke, inhlanzi ibheka ngemuva kwenhlabathi emnyama nenqwaba yezitshalo.

Akathandi ukukhanya okukhanyayo, futhi kungcono ukutetema i-aquarium ngezitshalo ezintantayo. Ngokuqondene nezitshalo ezise-aquarium, kufanele kube neziningi zazo, njengoba nenhlanzi inamahloni futhi ithanda ukucasha ngesikhathi sokwesaba.

Kuyelulekwa ukugcina imingcele enjalo yamanzi: lokushisa 24-28 ° С, ph: 5.0-7.5, 6-15 dGH.

Ukuvumelana

Lezi zinhlanzi zithanda ukuba ezingxenyeni eziphakathi zamanzi e-aquarium. Ziyakwazi ukufuya futhi zidinga ukugcinwa emhlambini wabantu abangu-7. Lapho kukhulu ipakethe, kukhanya imibala bese kuthakazelisa kakhulu nokuziphatha.

Uma ugcina i-tetra von rio ngababili, noma eyedwa, khona-ke ilahlekelwa ngokushesha umbala wayo futhi ngokuvamile ayibonakali.

Ihlangana kahle nezinhlanzi ezifanayo, isibonelo i-neon emnyama, amakhadinali, neCongo.

Ukuzala

Ukuzala i-tetra von rio kulula kakhulu. Bangakwazi ukuzala ngemihlambi emincane, ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokukhetha i-pair ethile.

Amanzi we-Spawning kufanele athambile futhi abe-acidic (pH 5.5 - 6.0). Ukungezelela amathuba okuphumelela kwe-spawning, abesilisa nabesifazane bahlala futhi bondliwe ngokuqinile ngokudla okubukhoma amasonto ambalwa.

Kuyinto efiselekayo ukondla ngokudla okunempilo - i-tubule, i-bloodworm, i-artemia.

Kubalulekile ukuthi kube kusihlwa ekuqhekekeni, ungavala nengilazi yangaphambili ngephepha.

Ukunwebeka kuqala ekuseni, izinhlanzi zibhebhetheka ezitshalweni ezincane ezivele ngaphambili e-aquarium, ngokwesibonelo, iJavanese moss.

Ngemuva kokusaphaza, badinga ukuboshwa, njengoba nabazali bengadla i-caviar. Musa ukuvula i-aquarium; i-caviar iyazwela ukukhanya futhi ingafa.

Ngemuva kwamahora angama-24 kuya kwayi-8, izibungu, futhi emva kwezinye izinsuku ezi-4, izibungu. Fry inikezwa i-infusoria kanye ne-microworm; lapho ikhula, idluliselwa kwi-nauplii artemia.

UTetra von rio - waseMelika onegama laseJalimane

UTetra von rio (lat.Hyphessobrycon flammeus) noma i-tetra evuthayo, uyakhanya nge-extravaganza yezimbali lapho esempilweni futhi ekhululekile e-aquarium. Le tetra iningi lesiliva ngaphambili futhi libomvu ngokugqamile eduze nomsila.

Kepha uma kwenzeka okuthile okusabisa uTetra von rio, uphenduka onsundu futhi unamahloni. Kungenxa yalokhu ukuthi abayithengi kaningi, ngoba e-aquarium yombukiso kunzima kuye ukuthi akhanye ngobuhle bayo.

Ama-Aquarists kufanele azi kusengaphambili ukuthi ingaba yinhle kangakanani le nhlanzi, futhi-ke ngeke idlule.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphezu kombala wayo omuhle, i-tetra von rio nayo iyazithoba kakhulu kokuqukethwe. Kungalulekwa nokuthi kube abaqalayo emanzini asolwandle.

Futhi kulula kakhulu ukuzalanisa, ngoba lokhu akudingi isipiliyoni esiningi. Hhayi-ke, ukwazile ukukunaka kule nhlanzi?

Ukuze i-tetra von rio iveze umbala wayo ogcwele, udinga ukudala izimo ezifanele ku-aquarium. Bahlala emihlambini, kusuka kubantu abangu-7, abagcinwa kakhulu nezinye izinhlanzi ezincane nezinokuthula.

Uma la ma-tetras ehlala endaweni ezolile, enethezekile, ayasebenza kakhulu. Lapho sekudlulile ukwenqatshelwa, bayayeka ukuba namahloni futhi owaseManzini uzokwazi ukujabulela isikole esihle senhlanzi esinokuziphatha okuhle.

I-Tetra Von Rio (i-tetra ebomvu)

UTetra Von Rio (iHyphessobrycon flammeus), uyi-tetra ebomvu, i-tetra yomlilo, i-tetra eshisayo yamalahle, i-tetra yelangabi - umhlambi omncane wezinhlanzi zase-aquarium. Le tetra ithola umbala obomvu ovuthayo ovuthayo lapho kufanelekile futhi ikhululekile e-aquarium. Njengomthetho, le tetra iyisiliva ngaphambili nebomvu elivuthayo emhlane, futhi ikakhulukazi ebomvu ekhanyayo ibonakala ngaphansi kwezimbambo.

Uma i-tetra kaVon Rio ivezwa ekucindezelekeni okuningi, khona-ke iba namahloni kakhulu, nombala wayo uphenduke upende. Ngakho-ke, esitolo sezilwane ezifuywayo uvame ukungakwazi ukukhombisa umbala wakhe ngokuphelele, ngoba lapho evezwa inani elikhulu kakhulu lamathonya angaphandle: ukuguqulwa kwendawo, ukuzamazama okuhlukahlukene futhi, mhlawumbe, ukusondela komakhelwane abanolaka. Uma ubheka i-tetra ka-Von Rio esitolo, lapho-ke kungabonakala njengenhlanzi elula kuwe, okungenxa yalokho kunesidingo esincane salolu hlobo. Kodwa-ke, kufanele usazi lesi sici ukuze ukwazi ukwazisa ubuhle kamuva.

Umsuka

UTetra von Rio noma i-red tetra (iHyphessobrycon flammeus) yachazwa yiMyers ngo-1924. Ngokwemvelo, ihlala eSouth America, emifuleni yasempumalanga yeBrazil nasezindaweni zaseRio de Janeiro. Lama-tetras akhetha ukugeleza okuhamba kancane, imifula kanye nemithombo yasemuva, okuphakela izikelemu, ama-crustaceans amancane kanye nezinto zokutshala. Phila ngamaqembu.

Ukondla nokondla

Ama-tetras ase-Fiery awesabekayo; adla zonke izinhlobo zokudla okukhona nokuntsha kwezinhlanzi zasemanzini. Ukuze ulondoloze ibhalansi e-aquarium, nezinhlanzi ziphilile, kungakuhle ukuthi uzondle ngokudla okwomile kwezinhlanzi ezisezingeni eliphakeme zase-aquarium ngendlela yama-flakes, engeza ukudla okukhona nokubandayo okufana ne-brine shrimp, i-bloodworms nezinye izibungu. I-tetra yondliwa kaningana ngosuku ngezingxenye ezinjalo zokudla ukuze zidliwe ngemizuzu emi-3 noma ngaphansi.

Ukuzala

I-Von Rio tetras noma i-tetras ebomvu ziyizinhlanzi zasemanzini ezihlala emanzini, zivuthwa ngokushesha okukhulu futhi zifinyelela ebusheni beneminyaka engu-6. Ukusakazeka okuphumelela kakhulu kwenzeka ezikoleni kuhambisana nenani labesilisa abalinganiselwa ku-6-12 nabesifazane abayisi-6. Ukuvuselela ukuqhekeka, izinhlanzi zidla ukudla okuphilayo izinsuku eziningana. Kungcono ukubeka eceleni ithangi lokuzalela elihlukile ukuze uthole ukuthosa okuningi. Izitshalo bukhoma, ezinjengeJavanese moss, kufanele zibekwe e-aquarium - insikazi izobekela amaqanda ezitshalweni, yenze isiko elijwayelekile “lokuphonsa”. Amanzi kufanele abe uthambile futhi abe-acidic, abe ne-pH ka-5.5 - 6.5 kanye nokushisa kwama-26- degree degrees Celsius. Ungafaka isihlungi sesiponji.

Ngesinye isikhathi, insikazi ibekela amaqanda ayishumi nambili, lapho owesilisa evundisa. Ngemuva kokusatshalaliswa, abazali bayasuswa. Izibungu zesibungu ngemuva kwamahora angama-24 kuye kwangama-36, i-fry izoqala ukubhukuda ngokukhululekile ngemuva kwezinsuku ezintathu kuya kwezine. Izinsuku zokuqala zika-gazinga zondliwa nge-infusoria noma ngokudla okulamanzi, ngokwesibonelo, isiphuzo seqanda seqanda. Fry osukhulile uphekelwa ngo-Artemia nauplia. Fry ezigabeni zokuqala zithinta kakhulu ukukhanya, ngakho-ke umthamo udinga ukuncishiswa.

I-Tetra von rio (iHyphessobrycon Flammeus)

UTetra von Rio (Hyphessobrycon flammeus) Myers (Myers), 1924

I-Fire Tetra / i-Tetra evutha amalangabi iyinhlobo yezinhlanzi zasemanzini asemanzini asishisayo.

Impumelelo yale nhlanzi ye-aquarium ihlotshaniswa nokukhululeka lapho ivumelana khona nezimo ezahlukahlukene zokuboshwa kanye nokumelana nezifo. Ngokuvamile kunconyelwa abaqalayo bamanzi asolwandle.

Kusukela yavela okokuqala, izinhlobo zezilwane bezikhona ezindaweni zasemanzini emhlabeni jikelele futhi kungenye yezinto ezivame kakhulu ekuhwebeni kwezamanzi. Njengamanje, iningi likhule e-Southeast Asia.

Ngeshwa, uH. Fllammeus usongelwa ngokuqothulwa njengoba indawo yokuhlala yemvelo yaseFire Tetra iphinda inyakaze.

I-Hyphessobrycon: kusuka ku-hyphesson yasendulo yamaGrikhi, okusho ukuthi "usayizi omncane", kuleli cala isetshenziswa njengesiqalo kanye negama elijwayelekile iBrycon.

I-Flammeus: kusuka kwisiLatini, okusho ukuthi "umbala ovuthayo (obomvu-ophuzi noma owolintshi)", ngokuqondene nale nhlobo "ikakhulukazi umbala obomvu."

Umndeni: Characidae (Characidae).

Ekuqaleni, ngo-1920, lezi zinhlanzi zachazwa njenge-Yellow Tetra (iHyphessobrycon bifasciatus), kodwa ngo-1924 isichologistologist saseMelika uGeorge Myers sathola ukuthi baba uhlobo olwalungaziwa ngaphambili kwisayensi futhi lwazichaza njengeHyphessobrycon flammeus. Amasampula asetshenziselwa incazelo yokuqala aphathwa nge-zinc. Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-20 kuphela, abakwaMyers bathola lolu hlobo ngenkathi besendleleni bathola ukuthi butholakala kuphela eRio de Janeiro.

Indawo yokuhlala nendawo yokuhlala

ENingizimu Melika, eBrazil.

Ububanzi bunqunyelwe ezifundeni ezingomakhelwane zeRio de Janeiro naseSão Paulo eningizimu mpumalanga yeBrazil, yize ukusatshalaliswa kwamanje kungacaci.

E-Rio de Janeiro, zitholakala kuphela ezindaweni ezigudle ugu, kufaka phakathi imifula nemifudlana egelezela eGulf of Guanabara, Rio Paraibu do Sul naseRio Guangdu. ESão Paulo, umfula ongenhla weTietá ugeleza ungene endaweni ephakemeyo yeRio Parana, inani labantu ligxile empumalanga nasentshonalanga yedolobha laseSão Paulo, phakathi kwamadolobha eSusanu neSalopolis, esifundeni seSochiériceri da Serra, ngokulandelana.

Izindawo eziphakemeyo zemifula iTiete neParaiba do Sul esifundeni saseSão Paulo zitholakala zisondelene, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi bekungokuphelele okuvela eNtabeni iSerra do Mar. Ngaphandle kokuthi banezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi ezijwayelekile, uH. Fluammeus awenzeki engxenyeni engenhla yeParaíba do Sul, okusho ukuthi kunesikhala esikhona samakhilomitha angamakhulu ambalwa phakathi kwabantu baseRio de Janeiro naseSão Paulo.

Carvalho et al. (2014) phakamisa ukuthi le nhlobo yaqala ukuziswa (ngamabomu noma ngengozi) endaweni yedolobha laseSão Paulo ngabadobi bezasemanzini noma abafuyi bezentengiselwano, ngoba yayingabhalisiwe kule ndawo kuze kube ngo-1977, leli dolobha liyisikhungo sokuhweba okuhlobisa, futhi ngokusobala zikhawulelwe ezindaweni ezonakalisiwe kancane ngaphakathi kwendawo yedolobha, ezingekho ezindaweni zemvelo ezingakatholakali. Ukuqeda lokhu kudideka, kudingeka ukuhlaziywa kwamangqamuzana.

Imifula lapho le nhlanzi ihlala khona igeleza enye yezindawo ezinabantu abaningi futhi enothile yaseBrazil futhi ithinteka kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwamadamu, amachibi, ukungcoliswa komhlaba, izinhlobo zezinye izizwe (kufaka phakathi izinhlanzi zasemanzini ezingaphezulu kuka-40 ezihlala kwamanye amazwe eRio Paraiba do Sul) nezinye Izinhlobo zokucekelwa phansi kwe-anthropogenic. Ubufakazi bamuva besayensi obuvela esifundeni esiseduze naseRio de Janeiro buqala ngo-1992, kusukela lapho le nhlobo ayisaqoshwa kule ndawo, kepha lokhu akusho ukuthi sekuphelile. Ngenxa yalokhu, kusukela ngo-2004, iH. Flammeus ifakiwe kuhlu lweBrazil Yezinto Ezisengozini Yezinhlanzi.

Habitat

Incamela imincintiswano emincane futhi engajulile (ngaphansi kuka-50 cm) imibuthano egeleza kancane nemifudlana egcwele imifino yasemanzini, yize ibanjwe ezindaweni ezisondelene neRio Tiete engenhla. Izindawo ezihlala kuzo, njengomthetho, ziqukethe amanzi ahlanzekile, acacile noma ansundu kanye nesigcawu sesihlabathi.

Ezinye izakhamizi zalezi zindawo, yize kungenjalo izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezingapheli kule ndawo: I-Yellow Tetra (iHyphessobrycon bifasciatus), uH. Luetkeni, i-Astyanax parahybae, i-Brycon insignis, i-Corydoras nattameli, i-Pogonopoma parahybae, i-Hypostomus auroguttatus, i-Steindocerius phyllaeusyl, Steindocerius phyllaeus. Geophagus brasiliensis).

Ukuziphatha kanye nokuvumelana

Lezi izinhlanzi ezinokuthula, ezibenza babe yizakhamuzi ezifanelekile zomphakathi okhethwe kahle we-aquarium.

Kungcono ukugcina ndawonye nezinhlanzi ezinobukhulu obufanayo be-haracin, ama-wedge-holder, ama-lebiasin, ama-callichtic amancane noma ama-loricaria catfish kanye nama-cichlids amancane nosayizi angaphili.

I-Aquarium

I-aquarium enosayizi oyisisekelo ongu-60 * 30 cm noma okulinganayo kufanele ibe yincane kunazo zonke.

Ukuzikhethela kokuhlobisa akubalulekile ikakhulukazi, yize bekhombisa umbala okhangayo uma ugcinwe endaweni enamanzi ahlanzekile anezitshalo eziphilayo nendawo engaphansi emnyama.

Umhlobiso wokubukeka wemvelo ungahle ube nesiqephu seshlabathi esithambile esinezimpuphu zemvelo, izimpande namagatsha, ahlelwe ngendlela yokuthi kwakheke izindawo eziningi ezinomhloni.

Ukufakwa kwamaqabunga omisiwe kugcizelela futhi umuzwa we-biotope-hlobo, kanye nokukhula kwezindawo ezinamagciwane ezinenzuzo lapho zibola. Banganikeza umthombo wesibili wokudla wokuthosa, kuyilapho ama-tannins nezinye izinto ezitholakala emaqabunga kungasiza ukulingisa izimo zemvelo. Amahlamvu angashiywa e-aquarium aze abolile ngokuphelele noma asuswe futhi afakwe amanye amasonto ambalwa.

Le nhlobo ilungele kangcono ukugcinwa ngokukhanya okuphansi, izitshalo ezintantayo nazo ziyothokoza.

Amapharamitha wamanzi

Ukushisa: 22-28 ° C,
pH: 5.5-7.5,
Ubunzima: 5 - 25 ° / 3 - 15 ° DH.

Njengezinhlanzi eziningi ezihlala emvelweni endaweni engafundwanga, yephistine, zingakubekezeleli ukuqoqwa kwezinto eziphilayo futhi zidinga amanzi ahlanzekile, okusho ukuthi izinguquko zamanzi zamasonto onke kufanele zibhekwe njengezijwayelekile, futhi akufanele ziphinde zitshalwe e-aquarium infature biological.

Umsoco

Ama-Omnivores adla ama-invertebrates amancane, ama-crustaceans, i-algae e-filamentous, i-organic detritus nokunye okunjalo.

E-aquarium, ingaphila futhi ekudleni kokudla okwomile, kepha, njengenhlanzi eziningi zasemanzini, kungcono ukunikela ngemenyu ehlukahlukene, okufanele ibe namaqhude egazi bukhoma noma eqandisiwe, ishubhu, daphnia, imayini, njll.

Kufanele bondliwe kaningana ngosuku, ezingxenyeni ezincane.

Amanothi

Le nhlanzi iyinhlanzi edumile yase-aquarium futhi ifuzwa ngokuthengisa emazweni amaningi, ngakho izinhlanzi zasendle azisabanjwa. Ukuzalela, izinhlobo zokuhlobisa, kufaka phakathi i-Orange, iGolide, iDayimane ne-Albino, zafuywa.

Ngemuva kokubhala kabusha izinhlobo ezivela kuCarvalho et al. (2014), uHl flammeus angahlukaniswa kuzo zonke izakhi ngenhlanganisela yezinhlamvu ezilandelayo: umbala obomvu okhanyayo, ubukhona bezindawo ezimbili ezibheke phezulu, amabala achazwe ngokusobala emgodleni wehlombe, ukungabi bikho kwendawo kwesiqu se-caudal, umbala we-caudal ongenawo umbala imivimbo emzimbeni, amazinyo ayi-5-8 maxillary.

Ubuye wabekwa eqenjini lezinhlobo elenzelwe ngobuciko, elibonakala ngokuba khona kwezindawo ezimbili zasemahlombe ezisontekile ngokuhambisana noGeri (1977). Lo mphakathi ubuhlanganise neHyphessobrycon tortuguerae, H. bifasciatus, H. savagei, H. griemi noH. Balbus, lapho uH. Flammeus wahlukaniswa khona ngokuba khona kwamazinyo ayi-5-8 maxillary, imigqa emi-5 yezikali ngaphezulu komugqa we-lateral, kanye nendawo evelele yangemuva ethandekayo.

AmaHifessobricons akhonjwe njengesihlokwana seHemigrammus, Marion Lee Durbin no-Aigenman (1908), esihlukile kulokhu kungabikhona kwesikali ku-caudal fin.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwamaqembu kwavuselelwa ngu-Eigenman (1918, 1921), ngenkathi uGeri (1977) enza amaqembu ezinhlobo zezinto zokwenziwa ngokuya ngephethini yemibala, futhi lezi zincazelo zisasetshenziswa kabanzi nanamuhla, ngokwesibonelo, iqembu le-H. agulha, iqembu leH heterohabdus, nabanye. njll. Kodwa-ke, azinakubhekwa njengezinqophamlando (ezisuka eqenjini elilodwa), futhi lo mqondo uyaqhubeka nokubuyekezwa.

I-TETRA VON RIO (iHyphessobrycon flammeus)

Le nhlanzi yethulwa eYurophu ngo-1920. Izinhlanzi zinokuthula okukhulu, zinokuxhumana nabantu, zizolile futhi zigcwele umoya. Kunconywe ukuthi zigcinwe emhlanjini omncane wezinhlanzi ezingama-6-8 zihambisana nezinhlanzi ezithanda ukuthula ezinobukhulu obufanayo.

UTetra von Rio ufinyelela usayizi ongaba ngu-4 cm ubude futhi unomzimba ocindezelwe kamuva. Umbala wamaphiko nomzimba ubomvu igazi, kanti amachaphaza amachashaza amfashini anomngcele omnyama. Umbala ohlukanisa ngokugqamile uba lapho i-aquarium ifakwe umhlabathi futhi inenhlabathi emnyama. Kukhona amabala amabili amnyama ngaphambili komzimba. Abesifazane banezisu ezigcwele futhi ezinemibala egqamile, lapho zingenawo umququ omnyama wamaphiko. Isikhathi esiningi izinhlanzi zichitha ezingxenyeni zamanzi eziphakathi. Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi umbala wezinhlanzi uncike emvelweni - ngokwesaba okuncane, umbala wezinhlanzi ushintsha futhi umbala wazo uthatha umbala ophelile.

Ukuze ulondoloze umhlambi wezinhlanzi ezingama-6-8, kuyadingeka i-aquarium ephakathi nendawo enomthamo wamalitha angaba ngu-40. Amapharamitha wamanzi kufanele anelise lezi zidingo ezilandelayo: izinga lokushisa lamanzi kufanele libe ku-20-26 ° C., Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi izinhlanzi zivame ukubekezelela amazinga okushisa ngisho nangaphansi kuka-20 ° C. Amanzi e-Aquarium kufanele abe-dH laini we-4-8 ° kanye ne-pic evundile ka-6.0-7.0. Ukuze ulondoloze i-acidity edingekayo emanzini, kungakuhle ukubeka izingcezane ze-peat endaweni ehlanzayo.

Njengomhlabathi, kuyathandeka ukusebenzisa imidwebo emihle yombala omnyama. I-aquarium kufanele itshalwe kakhulu futhi ibe nezindawo zamahhala zokubhukuda. Izinhlanzi azithandi ukukhanya okukhanyayo, ngakho-ke kufanele zihlakazeke.

Bazondla ngazo zonke izinhlobo zokuphakelwa. Ukudla okubukhoma kuyathandwa. Ehlobo, ungondla ama-aphid, adliwa izinhlanzi ngokuzithandela.

Lolu hlobo lwenhlanzi kulula ukulufuya futhi ngokuyisisekelo alunikezeli ubunzima.

Ngaphambi kokusakazeka, abakhiqizi bahlala phansi futhi bondliwe kakhulu isonto. Njenge-aquarium enwebayo, khetha i-aquarium enobukhulu bamalitha ama-4- 10, ezansi lapho kubekwa khona i-mesh yokuhlukanisa.

Amanzi e-aquarium ekhahlazekayo kufanele ahlangabezane nalezi zidingo ezilandelayo: izinga lokushisa 24 ° C, dH 10 °, pH 6.5, (amanzi abilayo empompo).

IJavanese moss ibekwe e-aquarium, ezosebenza njengendawo engaphansi yokwakha amabala, kuthi kusihlwa abakhiqizi babekwe engxenyeni yabesilisa abangu-2-3 kowesifazane oyedwa. Ukulawulwa kwezinhlanzi kuqala ekuseni ngosuku olulandelayo. Owesifazane oyedwa uphonsa amaqanda angaba ngu-400. I-Caviar incane kakhulu futhi inamathele, inamathela ku-moss, isisetshenziswa lokwahlukanisa, kepha iningi layo lidlula kumaseli we-mesh bese liwela phansi. Masinyane nje ngemuva kokuhlwanyela, abakhiqizi batshalwa, bese i-aquarium ekhethiwe ibilisiwe.

Izibungu hatch ngosuku. Ngokushesha emva kwalokhu, kubalulekile ukususa isisehlukanisi ku-aquarium ngokuqala ngokuchoboza isibungu esasihlala phezu kwaso.

Ngemuva kwalokhu, i-grate isuswa ngokucophelela futhi ishaya ngobumnene ngaphezu kwamanzi ukuze zonke izibungu ziwele ku-aquarium.

Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezintathu, gazinga liqala ukubhukuda futhi lidle ngenkuthalo. Ngalesi sikhathi, bondliwa ngofulawa ocolekile ocolekile wefry (artemia noma cyclops). Kuyadingeka ukuqapha i-aeration yamanzi, njengoba Fry lifunwa kakhulu kokuqukethwe komoya-mpilo okukulo. Ngemuva cishe kwamaviki amabili, i-fry idluliselwa ku-aquarium enkulu.

UTetra von Rio - izinhlanzi ezinzima, azivami ukugula. Ukuvuthwa kwezinhlanzi kuza ngonyaka ubudala.

Incazelo ejwayelekile

I-Tetra von rio inesimo esijwayelekile se-quadrangular somzimba we-tetra, ungowomndeni we-haracin. Lezi zinhlanzi ze-aquarium, njengomthetho, zifinyelela kubude be-4 cm futhi ziphila cishe iminyaka engama-3-5.

Ingxenye engaphambili yomzimba wale nhlanzi i-silvery, iphenduka ibe bomvu obomvu emhlane futhi ikakhulukazi ezansi zamaphiko. Ngemuva kwama-gill, imivimbo emnyama emincane isuka phezulu kuya phansi, futhi kukhona indandatho eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezungeze amehlo. Abesilisa bane-anal ebomvu-gazi; kowesifazane uyakhanya, kwesinye isikhathi aphuzi. Abesifazane kuphela abanethiphu elimnyama ku-pectoral fin.

I-Tetra von rio yinhlanzi eqina kakhulu, ngakho-ke yinhle njengenhlanzi yokuqala ye-aquarium yabaqalayo bamanzi asemanzini. Kodwa-ke, naphezu kokukhuthazelela ngokweqile kwalolu hlobo, amanzi asemanzini kufanele agcinwe ehlanzekile, ngoba i-tetra ebomvu ingatholwa yi-ichthyophthyroidism nezinye izifo. Futhi, le nhlanzi ilungele abaqalayo abafuna ukubandakanyeka ekuzaleni izinhlanzi ezihlanza.

I-Tetra von rio ayinciphisi izimo ezise-aquarium. Kuzoba lula kubaqalayo ukubhekana nokuqukethwe kwabo. Bangenakuzithoba okunikezwe amanzi ahlanzekile endlini yezinhlanzi. Bathanda amanzi athambile nanamantongomane ane-infa yamanje emvelo.

E-aquarium, kunconyelwa ukuthi bashintshe okungenani isihlanu samanzi, noma ngisho nengxenye, kanye njalo emavikini amabili. Bayakuthanda ukubhukuda i-tetra von rio phakathi nendawo nangaphezulu kwendawo yokuhlala abantu, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi lezi zingxenye zikhululeke ukubhukuda kusuka emathangeni ezitshalo. Lezi zinhlanzi zithola umbala ogqamile kakhulu kuma-aquariums, lapho inhlabathi imnyama futhi ukukhanya kukhanya.

Udinga ukwazi ukuthi uma icindezelwa, lezi zinhlanzi ze-aquarium ziba namahloni futhi ziphelelwe ukukhanya. Futhi izimo zokucindezela kubo ziyizimo ezingezinhle. Kunconywa ukunamathela kumapharamitha anjalo wamanzi e-aquarium lapho kuhlala khona i-tetra von rio: izinga lokushisa - ama-23- degree degrees Celsius, acidity - aze afike ku-7 (pH), ubulukhuni - aze afike ku-15 degrees.

Ngokuqondene nosayizi we-aquarium, kufanele okungenani ibe amalitha angama-40 amanzi. Lokhu kusayizi kuzokufanelekela ukugcina isikole senhlanzi kusuka ezingcezwini ezingama-6-8, ngoba lolu uhlobo lwezinhlanzi olufundayo.

I-Tetra von rio iyamangaza. Izinhlobo ezihlukile zokudla okuphilayo nokomile kufanelekile kuzo. Kunconywa ukondla lolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi ngenani lokudla elizodliwa kungakapheli imizuzu emi-3.

Ukuziphatha kwalolu hlobo lwezakhamuzi zasemanzini kungokuthula. Zingahlanganiswa nenhlanzi ezolile efanayo. Isibonelo, i-zebrafish ne-parsing, i-catfish kanye nezinye izinhlobo ze-tetras. I-Tetra von rio yinhlanzi enokuthula kakhulu engadaleli enkingeni komakhelwane noma ezitshalweni.

Ukuhlelwa kwe-Aquarium

Ubukhulu obuncane be-aquarium: ubude buyi-60 cm, ububanzi nokuphakama kungabi ngaphansi kwama-30 cm.

Uma sikhuluma ngokuhlelwa kwe-aquarium, khona-ke izinhlanzi zikwazi kahle ukwakheka kunoma yiziphi izimo, kepha kuyaphawuleka ukuthi umbala omuhle kakhulu ukhonjiswa lapho ugcinwa endaweni ehlotshiswe kahle nge-aquarium. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-driftwood nezitshalo ku-aquarium, ukukhanyisa akufanele kube okugqamile, noma okusakazekile. Inhlabathi ikhethiwe kangcono isihlabathi, lapho uhlela i-aquarium kuyinto efiselekayo ukudala inani elikhulu lamaphephelo ahlukahlukene anombala.

Ukuhlunga akumele kudale ukunyakaza okuqinile kwamanzi, yize ukuhamba okuphakathi noma okubuthakathaka kuyinto efiselekayo. Okwe-tetra von rio, kungcono ukukhetha izitshalo ezintantayo ebusweni.

Izinga lamanzi libaluleke kakhulu kulezi zinhlanzi, nazo ziyazwela ukuqongelela imfucuza, ngakho-ke kudingeka ukuthi uhlanze i-aquarium njalo futhi ushintshe okungenani ama-30% amanzi njalo ngesonto.

Qaphela

UTetra-von-rio njengamanje unendawo yokungafundi kahle. Ngo-2014, isazi sebhayoloji uCarvalho waveza ukuthi indawo ekhonjisiwe ngaseSão Paulo akuyona imvelo yalolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi futhi cishe abantu bavela ngephutha labasolwandle abakhipha inhlanzi emzimbeni wezindawo zasemanzini. Ukusolwa kwalokhu kusekelwe ebufakazini besayensi obusho nakanjani ukuthi kuze kube ngu-1977 indawo yendawo yayiyisikhungo sokuhlobisa izinhlanzi. Ukuze kufakazelwe noma kuphikiswe le hypothesis, kuyadingeka ukuhlaziya iDNA yezinhlanzi.

Kwenzeka ngomlando ukuthi indawo yokuhlala kwe-tetra-von-rio isendaweni eyindawo enabantu abaningi kunazo zonke eBrazil, ngenxa yokuthi indawo yokuhlala kwenhlanzi yayingaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu futhi yonakaliswa kakhulu. Kusukela ngo-1992, le nhlobo yezinhlanzi ibilokhu inyamalala kancane kancane, kwathi ngonyaka we-2004, izinhlanzi zafakwa eqenjini labasengozini.

Ukwehluka kobulili

Ukwehluka kobulili kwabamele izinhlobo zezinto ezibonakalayo kuyabonakala kakhulu. Kunezindlela ezimbili zokunquma ubulili:

• Ngosayizi womzimba - abesilisa bakhulu,
• Ngokuya kombala wamaphayi - emadodeni kuyakhanya, kanti kwabesifazane amaphiko ezinti asemaphethelweni amnyama.

Izifo Nokuvimbela

Ukuthi mangaki ama-von rio tetras aphila ngokuya ngekhwalithi yezimo ezidaliwe, ukusondela kwawo kwemvelo. Isikhathi sokuphila senhlanzi yase-aquarium yiminyaka emi-3-4.

I-tetra yomlilo inokuzivikela okuhle kakhulu. Izifo zenzeka kuphela:

• Ukuntuleka kwendawo e-aquarium,
• Ukudla okungenampilo, okungenampilo,
• Ukweqisa
• Ukungcoliswa kwamanzi e-Aquarium, ukunqwabelana kwama-nitrate,
• Ukuntuleka komoya.

I-tetra egulayo iyavilapha, ayisebenzi, yenqaba ukudla, ilahlekelwe umbala. Ukuze kuvinjelwe izifo nokufa kwezinhlanzi, kuyadingeka ukuqapha ikhwalithi yamanzi, uhlanze i-aquarium njalo, ubheke impilo yesihlungi ne-aerator.

I-Tetra von rio yinhlanzi enhle futhi engenakulibaleka, isilwane esifanelekile sabaqalayo e-aquarium. Iguqukela ngokushesha ezimeni ezintsha, ayidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, ayiguli ngenkathi igcina ikhwalithi yamanzi.

I-dimorphism yezocansi

I-dimorphism yezocansi is impela ishiwo. Abesifazane bakhulu kunabesilisa, ubude bawo bufika ku-4,5 cm, ubukhulu besilisa, njengomthetho, abudluli ku-3.5 cm.

Umbala wesilisa ukhulu ngokwengeziwe, umbala obomvu emafini uphenduka isitini. Onqenqemeni olungaphansi lwe-anal fin kudlula umucu omnyama ongekho kowesifazane. Amathiphu wamaphiko we-ventral emadodeni amnyama, kanti i-caudal fin ayinombala, kowesifazane upinki.
Kusukela kusukela esinezinyanga ezine ubudala, isisu sesifazane siqala ukubonakala, kubantu abadala siyisilivere ephuzi.

Ukuzithoba okungatheni kwezinhlobo zezimo kuya ezimweni zokugcinwa nokondliwa kuvumela ngisho nabasemanzini abangama-novice ukuthi bagcine izinhlanzi.

Izimo zokuboshwa tetra von rio ilula impela: ubunzima bebonke bamanzi bufika ku-12dGH (kwezinye izincwadi kubhalwe ukuthi kungenzeka ukugcina izinhlanzi emanzini ngobulukhuni kuze kube ngama-25dGH), pH kusuka ku-5.8 kuya ku-7.8, izinga lokushisa lamanzi elikhulu ngu-20-25 ° C (ubuningi - 28 °, ubuncane - 16 °).

I-Tetra von rio ubukeka kahle kuma-aquarium aphezulu (afinyelela ku-60 amasentimitha), anezikhukhamba zezimbali zasemanzini: ipini, i-wallisneria, izihlahla ze-echinodorus ezincane, i-rotala ne-ludwig.

I-Tetra von rio ku-aquarium

Lapho ukuhlobisa i-aquarium, kufanele kunikezwe izindawo zokubhukuda mahhala kwezinhlanzi, ngendlela yama glaze phakathi kwezitshalo naphambi kwengilazi ebonakalayo.

Kukhanya okubonakalayo, umhlambi wezinhlanzi ezindala, ezinamamodeli angama-20- 40, ufana nendawo epinki ehamba ngokushesha okukhulu. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi abesilisa bavelele eqenjini elinjalo, ngoba bakhanya kakhulu kunabesifazane.

Ukushintshwa kwamanzi njalo akufiseleki; kuthinta kabi isimo senhlanzi. Kunconywa ukufaka esikhundleni se-10-15% yevolumu nge-abilisiwe kube kanye ngesonto.

Ukweqiwa kwe-nitrogen eyingozi emanzini, okubangelwa inani elikhulu lezinto eziwohlokayo, kunomthelela olimazayo ezinhlanzini: ziba namandla, ziphelelwe yisifiso sokudla, futhi nemizamo yokuphuma emanzini ijwayele kakhulu.

Njengamanye ama-characin amancane, tetra von rio zinokuthula futhi zingahlala endaweni enezinye izinhlanzi ezinokuphila okuphakathi nendawo, zombili i-haracin ne-catfish, ama-cyprinid amancane, kanye nama-cichlids aseNingizimu Melika.

Ukuhlobisa ikakhulukazi tetra von rio bheka i-aquarium eyenziwe kahle enomhlabathi omnyama.

I-Tetra von rio ku-aquarium

Kuyathakazelisa

Ngaphezu kokuhlobisa kwemvelo, tetra von rio enentshisekelo njengento ekhethiwe.

I-Tetra von rio kungokwalezo zinhlobo ezimbalwa zezinhlanzi namuhla ezisebenzisa ngokuphumelelayo umphumela we-hormonal wokubala imibala owakhiwe kahle kuma-cyprinid.

Ukulungiselela okufanele kwethulwa ngokudla noma okuchithwe emanzini. Ngenxa yalomphumela, umbala wezinhlanzi uya ukhanya. Ngisho nombala wentsha uthola ubungako bokusuka kokugqokwa kwezinhlanzi ezivuthiwe zocansi.

Kanye nomphumela obonakalayo, le ndlela ayitholakali ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, njengoba izinhlanzi ezidwetshwe zinciphisile amandla futhi, ngenxa yalokho, anda ukufa kwabantu. Umphumela we-hormonal awuthinti ukusebenza kocansi kwezinhlanzi, umsebenzi wabakhiqizi kanye nekhwalithi yenzalo kuhlala kufana naphambi kokusebenzisa umuthi.

I-Orange mutation tetra ingemuva rio

Ezimweni ezifanele zokuboshwa, ngokukhanya okulungile, tetra von rio zokuhlobisa futhi ngaphandle “kokuphrinta”.

Eminyakeni yamuva, imakethe yezinhlanzi zasemanzini, kwavela izinhlanzi ezitholakala ngobunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo. Okudume kakhulu okuyi-zebrafish mutated (ebizwa ngokuthi i-coral zebrafish, noma i-Glo-Fish), i-oryzias (inhlanzi yelayisi) "eqokonyisiwe" kuluhlaza, njll.

Ngosizo lwe-biotechnologies efanayo, kwakhiwa namafomu amasha emibala. tetra von rio, elinye lazo lalibizwa ngokuthi i- tetra yedayimane. Lapho yonke ingxenye yangaphambili yomzimba, kuze kube sekupheleni kwensimbi, ikhanya ngombala wensimbi ephuzi, futhi ayikho imivimbo emnyama emzimbeni.

Izinhlanzi ezinjalo zitholakala ngokungenisa kuhlobo lwazo uhlobo lwenkanyiso lwenye into yemvelo efana ne-jellyfish, i-sea anemones, nezinye izilwane.

Yini ehlukile ngokuguqulwa kwemvelo okwenzeka phakathi kwabantu abanezinhlobo ezifanayo ze-chromosome.

Ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo okwenziwe ngokungejwayelekile kuyakwazi ukuguqula ngokuphelele umbala wezinhlanzi, ngenkathi kugcinwa umkhuba wazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ushintsho lombala lungaba lukhulu kakhulu, futhi iphalethi yombala ingacebile impela, kufaka obomvu, oluhlaza okotshani, ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, obomvu, ophuzi neminye imibala yobukhulu obuhlukahlukene.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukweqa izinhlanzi eziguquliwe noma inzalo yabo enefomu lasekuqaleni kunganikeza inhlanganisela yemibala emisha, nokunye.

Umsebenzi wokuzalela kule ndlela uyathakazelisa kakhulu, udinga ukubekezela nokunemba kusuka kumuntu wasemanzini.

Sethemba ukuvela kwezinhlobo ezintsha zemibala tetra von rio kuzosiza ukuvuselela inzalo kule nhlobo.