I-Mandrill (lat. I-Mandrillus) Ingabe enye yezinkawu ezinkulu kakhulu ayihlobene nesimo sama-anthropoids. Umehluko othize walolu hlobo lwenhlobo umbala okhanyayo owenzeka emadodeni ngesikhathi sokuthomba. Amadoda ama-mandrils anentshebe enombala we-orange ogcwele kahle, i-muzzle ihlotshiswe ngophawu olubomvu oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Abesifazane nabancane bama-mandrils banombala opholile.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi abesilisa bama-mandrill bangafinyelela isisindo esifinyelela ku-54 kg, noma kunjalo, isilinganiso esiphansi sincane - 35-36 kg. Izinsikazi zincane, zivame cishe ngamakhilogremu ayi-13 ngesisindo. Ubude bomzimba besilisa abama-mandrils bungamasentimitha angama-80, kanti izintokazi cishe zingama-55.
Ngokuma ngokwezindawo, uhla lokusatshalaliswa kwalezi zilwane luseNtshonalanga Afrika endaweni yeGabon, iCongo kanye neNingizimu neCameroon. I-mandrill ekhululeke kakhulu izizwa emahlathini emvula futhi ngezikhathi ezithile izishiya, ishiye i-savannah.
Ukudla kwaseMandrill kuqukethe ukudla kwezitshalo nezilwane. Lezi zinkawu zingadla izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaphezu kuka-113 ezikhula endaweni yazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-mandrill awanandaba nokudla izintethe, amasimu, izintuthwane kanye nezilwane ezincane - izinyamazane, amagundane nezinye izinduku.
Isikhathi sokusebenza empilweni yama-mandrill siqala ekuphumeni kwelanga, kanti ebusuku izinkawu zilala. Bayakwazi ukuhamba phansi nasemthini ezihlahleni kalula. Izindlela zokuthanda izilwane ezihamba phambili zigijimisa imifula, ngakho-ke ama-mandrill angakhathazeki ngokutholakala kwamanzi okuphuza.
AmaMandrill ahlala emindenini, efaka owesilisa oyedwa ovuthiwe ngokobulili nabesifazane ababalelwa ku-10-15, kanye nezingane zabo. Abesilisa abangenazo izintokazi baphoqeleka ukuba bahlale ngokwehlukana nemindeni yabo.
Ezikhathini ezinzima, ngokwesibonelo, ngesikhathi sesomiso, imindeni eminingana iyakwazi ukuhlangana ukuze ikwazi ukusinda esiteji esinzima sindawonye. Umndeni ngamunye wama-mandrils uvikela indawo engaba amakhilomitha-skwele angama-50, imingcele imakwe izinkawu zisebenzisa izindlala ezikhethekile ngemfihlo enephunga elimnandi.
Izinsikazi zama-mandrill zilungele ukukhiqizwa kakade ezinyangeni ezingama-39 kusukela esikhathini sokuzalwa. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha isikhathi eside ngokwanele - izinsuku ezingama-220. Ngasikhathi sinye, imvelo ehlakaniphile yanikeza izingane ezisanda kuzalwa ukudla okwanele. Ukuzalwa kwabo kwenzeka kusukela ngoDisemba kuya ku-Ephreli, lapho kunenqwaba yokudla kwezitshalo komama abancelayo.
AmaMandrils anesici esikhethekile, ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka ukunquma ukuvuthwa kocansi kwabantu. Lo msebenzi une-okuthiwa "isikhumba sofuzo" esendaweni yofuzo kanye ne-anus. Umbala ogqamile waleli zinga - likhuphuka izinga lamahhala ocansi. Kumamandrils abesifazane, ubungako bendawo “yesikhumba sangasese” buyaguquka ngokuya ngosuku lomjikelezo wezocansi.
Izinsikazi zaseMandrill zondla izingane zazo ngobisi lwebele, kuyilapho ukuxhumana kwewundlu nonina kuhlala kuze kube unyaka wesithathu wokuphila. Kodwa-ke, ngisho izingane ezineminyaka emithathu ezithole ukwehlukaniswa kokudla zisafika kunina ngaphambi kokulala.
Namuhla, i-mandrill isivele ihlukaniswa njengohlobo oluvikelwe ngokukhethekile. Uhlobo luchithiwe ngabantu isikhathi eside, futhi usongo lokunyamalala ngokuphelele ebusweni bomhlaba lusemi phezu kwalo.
Ukubukeka
AmaMandrils anejazi loboya obumnyama obumnyama nesisu esimhlophe. AmaMandrils awunazinwele zobuso, isizalo sawo siphezulu. Amakhala nezindebe zibomvu. Amaphaphu emadodeni angamamitha ayi-6.35 cm, kuthi kwabesifazane kube ngu-1 cm ubude. Ngokuya ngesisindo, abesilisa banesisindo esisukela ku-19 kuye ku-37 kg, kuthi izinsikazi zibe nesisindo kusuka ku-10 kuye ku-15 kg. Ama-mandrils amafushane, anamisipha futhi ahlanganisiwe ngesimo. Zibuye zibe nezindlalela ezinde ngomsila omfushane kakhulu.
Habitat
AmaMandrill ahlala emahlathini ashisayo. Baphinde bahlala emahlathini asogwini, amahlathi agcwele amanzi. Kodwa-ke, amaMandrill futhi ahlala ezimayini ezisehlathini.
AmaMandrill ahlala eGabon, eCongo, eCamibia nase-Equatorial Guinea. Ukusatshalaliswa kweMandrill kuncike kakhulu emifuleni emithathu ebeka imingcele emvelweni yawo. IShaga River, Umfula i-Ogove noMfula iWhite. Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi iMandrill eningizimu nasenyakatho noMfula i-Ogove ihluke ngofuzo kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane.
Isabelo sokudla
Ama-mandrils angama-omnivores. Bondla izinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo. Bathanda ukudla izithelo, i-fiber, namagxolo. Badla namakhowe. Ama-fangs amade nawo awanikeza ithuba lokuba yi-carnivores. Ama-mandrill adla izimfudu, ama-porcupines, izinyoni namagundane. Ziphinde zidle ama-invertebrates anjengezicabucabu, amabhungane, izinyoni nezintuthwane.
Ukuziphatha
AmaMandrill ahlala emaqenjini abizwa nge- "hordes." I-horde ingahle iqukethe ama-mandrils ayi-615 kuya ku-845. Iqembu elikhulu kunawo wonke elake labonwa lalinabantu abayi-1300. Abesilisa bahlala bodwa futhi bajoyina i-horde kuphela lapho izinsikazi sezikulungele ukuzala. Ukujoyina i-horde kuthatha izinyanga ezintathu kuphela ngonyaka.
