UClaire Walsh, ohlala edolobheni laseWales iGorsynon, waphawula ukuthi enye yezingane zakhe ezinja inomuntu ofana no-Adolf Hitler.
Ngokusho komvakashi uqobo, owokuqala owabona ukufana nalezi zibalo zomlando kwakungeyena, kodwa ngabangane bakhe ababone isithombe salo mntwana wathunyelwa ku-Facebook. Futhi ngemuva kokutshela uClaire ngalokhu, yena nomndeni wakhe babhapathiza uChihuahua Adolf omncane.
Ukufana okumangazayo kukaHitler nge-chihuahua encane.
Njengoba kushiwo lowesifazane engxoxweni nezintatheli, umbala wejazi elisekhanda lomdlwana ufana nokulahlwa kukaHitler okudumile, futhi ekuqaleni impumulo yapinki yaba mnyama.
“Lapho simnika igama lesidlaliso, sasingasho lutho olubi. Asibona amaNazi futhi asihlanganyele izinkolelo uHitler azilwela. Siyabona nje ukuthi i-doggie yethu ifana kakhulu naye ngakho konke. ” - kusho isigaxa.
Akumangazi ukuthi inja encane yathola igama lesidlaliso elithi Adolf.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lesi sibhubhane akusona isilwane sokuqala ukufana neFuhrer yeReich Reich. Kwakunokwenzeka ukuthola izilwane ezinjalo ngisho naphakathi kwezinhlanzi zasemanzini, ngakho-ke le ndaba yayinganqunyelwe emakati nasezinjeni.
Icala elilodwa elinjalo laqoshwa eNew York ngonyaka ka-2013. Ngemuva kokuba abanikazi beFrench Bulldog bameqa noShih Tsu, kwazalwa umdlwane ogama lakhe linguPatch. Kepha njengoba ayebuye afane no-Adolf Hitler, izihlobo zomnikazi womdlwane zaqala ukugcona imfene ngoHitler noma u-Adolf. Ngenxa yalokho, inja yaqala ukuphendula kubo bobabili. Kepha, ngokusho komnikazi we-Patch, ukubukeka kwakuyinto kuphela ehlobene noPatch kuFuhrer, ngoba isimilo sesilwane sasinothando ngokungajwayelekile futhi sinomusa.
Isithombe seJalimane
Izwe lidlalwe yimodeli emnyama uRuby Commie. I-blogger, eyaziwa nge-Gunter-SPb, inesiqiniseko sokuthi umqondisi wenze ukhetho olunje ngesizathu: umnyama umbala kazwelonke wamaJalimane. Isibonelo, ukhozi oludumile lwaseJalimane ejokeni lengalo limnyama ngokusobala.
Kuzo zonke iziqephu, iJalimane ivela emgqokeni ositshela kahle ukuthi lesi sikhathi senzeka ngasiphi isikhathi nokuthi iziphi izimilo ezazikhona eJalimane.
Ekuqaleni kwevidiyo yomlingiswa, uRuby uthola iqembu elibonakala lilahlekile labaseRoma. Ugqoke ingubo elula. Ngaphansi kwesihlahla lapho abafileyo belengiswe khona, unquma ikhanda lomuntu owenziwe ngesimbobo samaJalimane asendulo. Lesi sehlakalo sisethala kuyo yonke ividiyo: Izwe laseGermany lihlala lithatha izisulu zabantu. Ngakho-ke, engxenyeni yamacala simbona ephethe amakhanda ethu ezandleni zethu.
Kwezinye iziqephu, sibona uHerman egqoke izembatho zempi yasendulo, ingubo yaseRenaissance, umfaniswano ovela ezikhathini zoMbuso WaseJalimane, izingubo eziwubukhazikhazi zamashumi amabili nane, isimo seTatu Reich neMpumalanga Jalimane, ngesihlalo esinamasondo sizungezwe abantu ngezingubo zekhulu lamashumi amabili futhi, ekugcineni, begqoke izingubo ezihlanzekile izingubo ezimhlophe - ingelosi nomfelokazi. Kuyamangaza ukuthi ezigcawini ezine-Reich Yesithathu, iGermany ineso elilodwa elivaliwe. Uzama ukubheka ukuthi kwenzekani ngokukhetha, hhayi ukuqaphela ukuthi impumelelo yeReich (emelwe ngumgqumo wokuqala womhlaba) isuselwa ekubulaweni kwezakhamizi, ezabo nakwezinye.
IJalimane emamaki wesitulo esinamasondo, ngaphandle kokungabaza, izwe lesikhathi sokusayinwa kweSivumelwano seVersailles - ikhubazeke ngokoqobo kuyena kanye nempi eyedlule. Futhi-ke uzithola esegqoke ingubo ekhazimulayo futhi, ehleka, abuke isibhakela ngamabhande ethusi. Ngikhumbula masinyane ukuthi emashumini amabili amaJalimane, ukuze asinde, aya kunoma yimaphi amaqhinga futhi izwe laguquka laba yindawo yokuhambela izivakashi zobulili, abathandi bokulwa ngaphandle kwemithetho namaqembu ezidakamizwa.
Esiwombeni esisodwa kuphela, iJalimane livela ngaphandle kwesigqoko. Iguqulwe yithebula elibekiweyo, ukudla, futhi inkathi kufanele ihlelwe ngokwengqungquthela ngabantu abahleli egumbini elilandelayo kuma-camosales ekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalombili.
Sidlala "iDragee's Fairy Dance" kusuka ku- "The Nutcracker" ngethuluzi elilungile ngokomlando
Ehlatshwe umxhwele umsindo weglasi i-harmonica, uTchaikovsky wabhala izingxenye eziningi emisebenzini yakhe ikakhulukazi kuye. Kodwa-ke, abaqambi abaningi bekhulu le-17 nele-20 leminyaka nabo babenentshisekelo ngakho.
Izinsimbi zokuqala ezisebenza ngomgomo wepakethe lezingilazi ezigxishwe emanzini zavela e-UK ngekhulu le-17. Eluhlelweni lwesimanje, yasungulwa nguBenjamin Franklin - umlingisi ofanayo ovela kwizikweletu zaseMelika. Evakashele eLondon ngonyaka we-1757 evakashele ukusebenza, wabona lesi siklabisi "sezindebe zomculo", futhi kamuva waqamba idizayini ethuthukisiwe. Wathatha izibuko waziphathisa izinkomishi zika-hemispherical strok on a axis eyodwa. Ngokujikeleza kwabo umfaniswano ngisebenzise umshini we-pedal, njengakusetshenziswa imishini yokuthunga kanye nama-looms. Ngaphansi kwezinkomishi, kwahlelwa ukugeza lapho kwakuthelelwa khona ingxube yamanzi noviniga ukuze kumanziswe insimbi kangcono. Izinkomishi ngokwazo zingahle zidwetshwe ukuze kutholakale kalula kumanothi.
I-harmonica yengilazi kaFranklin yanqoba umhlaba ngokushesha. Nokho, okungenani ingxenye yayo yempucuko.
Omunye wabaqambi bokuqala abaphendukela isimanga esisha kwakunguJohann Adolf Hasse (ku-cantata "L'armonica"). Umculi oyimpumputhe uMarianna Kirchgesner, njengoba evakashele eVienna ngo-1791, waheha uMozart ngendlela ayedlala ngayo kangangokuba washeshe wabhala indatshana ye-glass harmonica, umtshingo, oboe, viola kanye no-cello. UBeethoven noRichard Strauss babhalele le nsimbi; uPaganini noGoethe bawuthanda umsindo wasezulwini.
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, leli thuluzi lanyamalala kakhulu. Isizathu: ukubandlulula okuhle okudala. Ngokusho kwezikhumbuzo zabantu ababephila ngesikhathi, kudlozi oluswelekayo, abaculi abaningi babelangazelela ukuwudlala. Abanye abaculi kanye nabalaleli "bahlanya" imisindo yakhe. Yize izikhathi zazingekude nobumnyama, abantu baqala ukusola ukuthi ngokuxhuma kwengilazi okuthile okungaphezu kwemvelo bekuxhumana nabantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zonke izinhlobo zikaKashpirovsky noChumaki zekhulu le-18 le-19 leminyaka zazisebenzisa izinkomishi zomculo ezimisweni zazo, ezaziphindisela abantu ngokumelene nengilazi. Emadolobheni amaningi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwakuvinjelwe.
Manje sekucacile ukuthi abanikazi abaningi balesi sisetshenziswa bafakwa ngamabili kaviniga nopende odwebe izinkomishi - kwakukhona ukuhola okuningi kukho. Futhi, uhla lwensimbi lube nomphumela "omuhle" kulabo bantu ababenezinkinga nge-cockoo, ngakho-ke ngemisindo ye-glass harmonica othile kungenzeka ukuthi ubanjwe. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izazi zezengqondo, kunalokho, zazisebenzisa ukuqinisa iziguli zazo.
Namuhla, kancane kancane baqala ukukhumbula ngaleli thuluzi. Ama-replicas anamuhla esikhundleni se-pedal drive anama-motor athule kagesi. Izinsimbi ezenziwe ngengilazi ngethala eliphakeme lokudoba azidingi ukucwiliswa emanzini, kwanele ukumanzisa iminwe yakho ngezikhathi ezithile. Amakhekhe apendwe ngopende ophephile.
Kuyathakazelisa, kodwa sekuvele kufakwe idatha ku-VST? Ngingasebenzisa okuthile okuvela disco 80s kuso!
UWilliam Zeitler mows under benjamin franklin idlala "Umdanso KaDragee Kahle"
Izilwane nezinyoni eziyingqayizivele eziyi-17 ezithole endalweni ngokugcwele
Ngokusho kososayensi, cishe ngezigidigidi zezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinto eziphilayo eziphila emhlabeni, yize zingaphansi kwe-1% yazo ezichazwa yisayensi. Enhliziyweni yalesi simangaliso yikhono lokuzivumelanisa nanoma yiziphi izimo, noma ngabe kuyintaba-mlilo eshisayo noma phansi olwandle olwandle. Ngenxa yalokhu kuvumelana kwemvelo okunjalo, izilwane nezinyoni ezinezimpawu ezihlukile kuyavela ezingafikelwa umona.
Asikhathele ukuthola into entsha emhlabeni wezilwane zasendle futhi sikunikeza ukuba ujwayelane nezici zezidalwa ezimangalisayo, ngaphandle kwawo akunakwenzeka ukuthi ucabange konke ukwehlukahlukana kwempilo emhlabeni wethu. Impela, ubuhle bangempela bumehluko.
Ngokuya nge-DNA, izihlobo eziseduzane zama-sloth akuzona izinkawu, kodwa ama-armadillos nama-anteater
Ngokubambisana, bayingxenye yesigatshana esingaphansi komhlaba futhi bakude kakhulu nabasendulo.Bhekisisa ama-laps abo namakhala abo - ingabe uyakubamba ubuhlobo? Namuhla, i-anteater enkulu kunazo zonke esigatshaneni sabo i-anteater enkulu, yize eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa edlule yayiphansi kakhulu ngosayizi kwezinye izihlobo zayo - ama-sloth amakhulu: enye yalezi zinhlobo ezingapheli yayinkulu izikhathi eziphindwe kabili kunendlovu futhi isisindo samathani ambalwa.
Bonke abameleli besigatshana esingaphansi bathola umbono omnyama-nomhlophe: kungenzeka ukuthi, esinye isihlobo sabo esikude sasihlala ngaphansi komhlaba, ngakho-ke wenqaba "isithombe sombala ngokuhambisana nokukhula kwephunga elibi. Ngakho-ke, ikhala lazo zonke lezi zilwane yisikhali sabo esikhulu.
Ama-Reindeers asebenzisa umbono we-ultraviolet ukuthola ukudla futhi aqaphele umhlaseli ovalekile
Lesi sipho sisiza isilwane ebusika: iqhwa libonisa imisebe ye-ultraviolet, kanti u-moss noma i-wolf fur uyaconswa, ngakho-ke emehlweni omhlanga abukeka njengezindawo eziphikisanayo nendawo emhlophe. Leli khono lenza i-reindeer ibe yisilwane esiyivelakancane esingahlukanisa kalula i-snowdrift kubhele elikhephule kude.
Lokhu akuyona ikholaji, kepha ibhethri elanga: isibungu siyalivula ukuze siphinde sigcwalise amandla elanga
Phambilini bekukholelwa ukuthi yi-collar ebibhekele ukuqina komzimba wonke, ngakho-ke ibhungane elinjenge-lizard liyiveza lapho ihamba elangeni ekuseni. Kepha kwavela ukuthi kule nqubo, i-reptile isebenzisa wonke umhlaba womzimba wayo ukuqongelela ukushisa okuphezulu okuvela emvelweni.
Le mininingwane entanyeni inenye injongo. Ngenkathi yokuzalela, abesilisa balinganiswa ngemakhola: lapho ikhola inkulu ngokwengeziwe futhi icwazimula, amathuba okuba owesilisa athole ukunakwa ngabobulili obuhlukile.
UHeron uhlangana nengozi nama-craks uma kukhulunywa ngempahla yakhe uqobo
Elinye igama lale nyoni yi-heron yasebusuku. Kulula ukuzwa umkhuleko wakhe entwasahlobo, lapho owesilisa ethola indawo yesidleke futhi axoshe abancintisana naye ngokukhala kwakhe. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukubukeka kwayo kuyashintsha futhi: ukuze kudonsele ukunaka komakoti abakhona, owesilisa ukhula ngezimpaphe ezinde ezimhlophe ngemuva kwekhanda lakhe. Ungahlangana nomhlambi ehlathini: uncamela ukuhlala emathunjini aseduze kwezidumbu zamanzi.
I-squar enkulu ye-Antarctic inamehlo ahlehla, futhi i-llama inamehlo amnyama anemiphumela emnyama
Le squid icwila kalula kumamitha ayi-2 000 ngaphansi kwamanzi futhi ingumnikazi wamehlo amakhulu kunabo bonke abameleli bombuso wezilwane: uma umdwebo womuntu eyisidwaba esincane, khona-ke lesi sidalwa siqhathaniswa ne-apula enkulu, futhi iso ngokwalo lifinyelela ku-30 cm ububanzi. I-squar ye-Antarctic inombono we-100% ngisho nokukhanya okufiphele futhi kukhona ama-photophores - izitho ezikhethekile ezikhiqiza ukukhanya, ezikhanyisela isikhala phambi kwamehlo.
Umsebenzi ophambene wenziwa ngama-ruffles phambi kwe-llama - bavikela abafundi bakhe ekukhanyeni okukhanyayo. Uma ubhekisisa, kungatholakala “ubucwebe” obufanayo kwezinye izilwane, njengekamela namahhashi.
Ukuthola uthando lwempilo yakhe, i-frigate ebabazekayo iveza ibhulu ebomvu enhliziyo ebunjiwe entanyeni yakhe
Kuyiqiniso, ukwenza lokhu kuvezwa yinhliziyo, udinga ukubheka inyoni ekhoneni elithile. Lapho likhulu i-bubble, lapho kudonswa kakhulu owesilisa wobulili obuhlukile. Ngakho-ke insikazi iyamthola, ayikhethayo kube kanye.
Kepha lokhu kude nesici esimangalisa kakhulu salezi zinyoni. I-frigate ebabazekayo ingaba sendizeni izinyanga ezimbalwa ingafiki ngisho nokulala, ngoba ilala empukane: ingxenye yokuqala yobuchopho iphumula, bese enye noma zombili ngasikhathi sinye. Iphupho elinjalo alithathi isikhathi esingaphezu kwehora ngosuku. Ngemuva kokufika, inyoni ilala amahora ayi-12 ngosuku. Ungahlangana naye ogwini lwePacific lwaseCentral naseNingizimu Melika.
Ukusinda, lesi spider sibukeka njengokulahla kwenyoni, futhi senze sengathi yinja ngenhloso yokuthola ukudla
Umbala ongajwayelekile wenza ukuthi isicabucabu i-Celaenia sibambe ngaphandle izinyoni, izitha zayo eziphambili.Lesi silwane sihlala ezihlahleni zezithelo, ngoba sithanda amabhu ezinsukeni ezijwayelekile. Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, sengathi yinyoka: kukhipha iphunga elikhethekile lapho izimvemvane zikhanga abesilisa, bese ilinda kuze kube yilapho izinundu zamahhashi ezihamba ngamabhanoyi zindizela eduze ngokwanele ukuze zibambe futhi zizidle. Ungahlangana naye kuphela e-Australia.
Amanye ama-blackbird kufanele avele ngenkathi azingela ngokuxosha izibungu lapho ecashe
Kuyaziwa ukuthi izinyoni azinankinga ngokwakhiwa kwegesi, kepha noma imuphi umthetho awunawo umehluko. Izimbotshana zomhlaba zohlobo lwe-Zoothera lunulata, ezihlala eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Australia kanye neTasmania, zigwilisa umoya ngokuthe xaxa. Izikelemu, zisatshiswa yilomsindo, ziqala ukuhamba ngenkuthalo, zinikeze ubukhona bazo, bese inyoni ibathola ngokushesha.
Kusebenzisa ikamu emunweni ophakathi, i-heron enkulu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka iyazinakekela futhi izimpaphe zempuphu ngemuva kwesidlo
Esiswini sakhe nasegunjini, iziphetho zezimpaphe zihlala zidilika, ziphenduke impuphu enhle kunazo zonke. Inyoni yakhe isabalalisa emzimbeni wakhe wonke ngomunwe ophakathi nendawo. I-powder enjalo ayivumeli izimpaphe ukuba zinamathele lapho isilika nenkunzana kusuka ezinhlanzini ezidliwayo zingena kuzo.
Lesi isicucu sendlovu: Kunzima ukufinyelela nesiqu sayo, imibimbi ejulile nesikhumba esindayo kuyivikela ekulimaleni kwezinambuzane nasemunweni womtholo
Kepha isikhumba esinjalo sinenye injongo eyengeziwe: ukwakheka okujulile nokuqhekeka ebusweni baso kugcina kahle ukungcola, isihlabathi namanzi endlovu yase-Afrika, okuyilapho izithela khona ngenkuthalo, ibalekela ukushisa.
Ama-Flamingos asuthisa amaphuphu ubisi olu-pink
Ubisi lwezinyoni luvunyelwa emaflashos kusuka kwizindlala ezikhethekile ezitholakala ku-esophagus futhi luqukethe imibala efanayo yokufaka imibala enikeza izaqathe, utamatisi namathanga i-hue-red hue. Le nyoni ithola le mibala ekudleni, futhi iyawuthinta umbala wayo. Kepha uma uthatha izimpaphe ze-flamingo eziwile, uzobona ukuthi ngemuva kwesikhashana kuzoba mhlophe. Ngaphandle kokuthi "ukwakheka" kwabo ama-flamesos abukeka njengezinyoni eziphuzi ezimpunga.
Ama-polar athwala ukuhlanzeka, kepha akhetha ukugeza iqhwa olwandle olubandayo.
Eqinisweni, bahlanganisa ukungcola kuboya, babutheleke eqhweni. Amanzi ajwayelekile awakwazi ukukwenza, ngoba isikhumba sebhere sikhipha umbandela onamafutha, okwenza uboya bawo buvinjelwe amanzi.
Ukwenzela ukunakwa kocansi olulungile, i-sifaka esidonswe ngomzimba ibeka isifuba ngento ethile onsundu
Lokhu kuyimfihlo efihlekile kwizindlala zangasese nasesiphinjeni, futhi lapho ibonakala kakhulu kuboya, kuthakazelisa kakhulu ukukhonjiswa kwabesifazane. USifaki, amabele akhe abukeka emangalisa ngokweqile, angasondela kule ntokazi yenhliziyo ngokumane anikele ngezinsizakalo zakhe zokuhlanza uboya uma eshintsha.
IBiruang ibhere lizilambele ezihlahleni.
Ngaye, le yindawo yemvelo: lapha ulala futhi ujabulele ukushiswa yilanga, futhi ebusuku azingele izinambuzane nemikhosi ngamaqabunga nezithelo. Ungahlangana nebhere elinjalo emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo asezansi nasezintabeni zase-Eshiya, yize amaBiruang eyisilwane esiyivelakancane.
Isikhova sokhozi asilutho ekudleni kangangokuba namuhla ngaphandle kokulimaza impilo siginya i-hedgehog enephunga nenyoka enobuthi, kanti kusasa alenqabi inyamazane edla ukudla kwasemini
Le nyoni ishintsha ukunambitheka kwayo ukunambitha "impukane", igxile kubuningi bezinhlobo zohlobo oluthile noma olunye lwezinto eziphilayo. Namuhla kungaba izinhlanzi, kusasa - izinyoni, usuku lwakusasa - izimfudu. Ngenxa yalokhu, isikhozi esijwayelekile sokhozi asincike ekushintsheni kwemvelo, asisongeli izinhlobo ezingandile, futhi sizitholela ukudla kunoma yisiphi isimo.
AbakwaBonobos bayakwazi ukwenza umlilo futhi basebenzise ikhompyutha ukuxhumana nabantu
Amandla obuhlakani balezi zinkawu ayaqhubeka nokumangaza ososayensi. Isibonelo, emvelweni, bazi kahle izitshalo futhi bayakwazi ukuzixuba ukuthola umuthi ofanele wesifo esithile. Futhi ama-bonobos, ahlala kule ndawo futhi axhumana njalo nososayensi, ngokuvamile, abesebenza njengababhali bokushicilelwa kwesayensi.
Itshe ngaphandle, kepha liyaphila ngaphakathi
Futhi ungadideki ngokubukeka kwakho: inhliziyo yangempela ephilayo ishaya ngaphansi kwalesi sibalo.Lesi sidalwa esibizwa ngePyura chilensis singatholakala emaphethelweni ePeru naseChile, yize kungokwesigaba sama-ascidians esivame ukuhlala olwandle.
Le ascidium ihlala ibonakala njengowesilisa, futhi njengoba ikhula, ithola izitho zangasese zowesifazane ezengeziwe. Ngakho-ke uma kungekho esinye isidalwa esifana naleso eduzane, lesi silwane sizibandakanye ekuzicungeni.
Indaba yesithombe esisodwa. Okudabukisayo kubukeka kanjani. Umnikazi we-bulldog ogama lakhe linguBig Poppa utshele ukuthi wasithatha kanjani lesi sibhamu esidumile
Uma ungakaze ube ku-inthanethi usuku lonke, sishesha ukukwazisa ukuthi esinye sezithombe ezaziwa kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi isithombe esijwayelekile Bulldog Big Poppangokudabukisayo ehleli kuvulandi.
Unkosikazi we-bulldog nombhali wesithombe URashida Ellis wase-Atlanta usayine lesi sithombe:
«IBig Poppa idabukisa kakhulu namuhla, ngicabanga ukuthi iyaphuthelwa imidlalo nezingane ezingomakhelwane. Ubabhekile besuka kuvulandi. ”
Futhi engxoxweni neBuzzFeed, uRashida ukhulume ngokuthi isithombe sithathwe kanjani.
URashida usebenza njengomklami wezindleko kwisethi yamafilimu futhi usetshenziselwa ukuthatha isilwane sakhe naye. IBig Poppa iyakuthanda ukuxhumana kwabantu, isondela kumalungu eqembu labalingisi bamafilimu futhi bekuyisikhathi eside iyisayithi lakhe. Kodwa ngenxa yokwehlukaniswa wedwa, konke ukuqoshwa kwamiswa, kwathi iBig Poppa kanye nomgcini ehostela babevalelwe endlini.
“Into edabukisa kakhulu kimi ukuthi kufanele ngizihlukanise ngisho neBig Poppu enkulu. Uma esekhaya, uya njalo kuvulandi futhi abhekele abantu. Waqala ukulala ngaphezulu. Ubuvila. Akajabule neze futhi uyadlalela njengenjwayelo. Kubukeka sengathi ukhathele ukuthi mina kuphela ngidlala naye. ". - kulandzisa Rashida Ellis.
Ikakhulu iBig Poppa iphuthelwa izingane eduze kwami.
«Uthanda izingane, bese ezinye izinja, bese kuba abantu abadala kuphela. Kulesi sihloko "- kuphawula uRashida.
Ngaleso sikhashana, lapho kuthathwa isithombe segciwane, unogwaja walalela njengoba izelamani ezimbili bezidlalela phansi egcekeni lendlu.
"Wenze imisindo ehlukene ukuze abanake, kepha sisezingeni lesithupha futhi abezwanga lutho."
Angiqiniseki ukuthi ngabe lokhu kuzodambisa ukulangazelela kukaBig Poppa manje, kodwa akungabazeki ukuthi ungumuntu odumile we-Intanethi. Ngakho-ke, lapho i-quarantine isiphelile, labo abafuna ukudlala nayo bazokleliswa.
Okwamanje, udabukile futhi udabukile ..
Kwakuvela-kwaRorinka
Konke kwaqala kudala - lapho ngangimncane, izihlahla zazinkulu, kanti no-ayisikhilimu kwakungamnandi kakhulu. Sahlala entombini yami futhi sabukeka sisihle futhi sikhulu. cha, i-BIG, imidwebo yezinhlobo zezinja. Kwakuqabukela kangangokuba kwakunzima ngisho nokukucabanga. Kufana ne-Bugatti yanamuhla eyisipho sangoMsombuluko. Hmm, yebo, ngikhuluma ngani. ngakho-ke, iningi lezithombe ezinhle ezinezinja ezinomusa zangishiya ngingenandaba, kodwa-ke ngabona isithombe nenja encane enezinwele ezinde ezinhle endaweni ephansi yombala wensimbi onobuso obunobuso obunobuso obubi. Ngabe sengitshela umngani wami ngokuzethemba ukuthi le nja izoba ngeyami. Wahleka, futhi nami ngahleka naye, ngoba okuwukuphela kwezinhlobo ezazitholakala ngokomthetho kwakungu-collie, poodle nomelusi waseJalimane.
Isikhathi sihamba futhi intombazane leyo yayingeyona intombi nhlobo, kodwa isidalwa, sengikhohliwe ngephupho lami.
Ngosuku lwami lokuzalwa, umyeni wami wanginikeza umdlwane wasePekingese, esaya naye kwimibukiso, inja yami yokuqala, ngamthanda kakhulu, wabe esefa. Ngemizuzwana emi-2. Basho unhlangothi - ukufa khona manjalo. Wayeneminyaka emithathu kuphela. Lapho ngivakashela umnikazi we-kennel, wathembisa ukuthatha owesilisa Yorkshire Terrier - ngesisekelo sobunikazi. Okusho ukuthi, uhlala nami, ngihamba naye ngemibukiso njengomphathi, nemali engenayo eboshiwe ngesigamu. Nanguya. Unothando olukhulu futhi unomusa, kepha isiwula asinakwenzeka. Inja eyisiwula kakhulu)
UMaksyuha waba ngugogo wengane, esikhuluma ngakho. Wazalwa ngonyaka ka-2009 ezingalweni zami. Ngaklebhula uketshezi lwe-amniotic futhi ngakhipha uketshezi ekhaleni elincanyana.
Wabe esekhula. Shkodila kabi. Lapho sekuyisikhathi sokunikeza imidlwane emndenini omusha, wanquma ukuthi ufuna ukuhlala nami. Ufihlwe abathengi, akazange aye kubo.Ngakho-ke, bamthatha abafowabo.
Futhi waphikelela esinqumweni sakhe. Mashi 15, wahlanganisa iminyaka eyi-11. Unenhliziyo enhle, uthokozile futhi ujabule kakhulu ngaye. Lo ngunyaka ka-2016.
Kamuva nje muva nje. Unqume isikhova splyushka.
Ngiyamthanda, ilanga lami, umvikeli wami negwala. Uyakuthanda ukuhamba nokulala ezinyaweni zakhe, kepha empeleni akathandi ukugeza nokucoca izinwele. Imbongolo yami encane yamafutha) silindele iminyaka eminingi yokuphila kanye nama-adventures athakazelisayo, i-bumblebee eyodwa emakhethini iyakufanele okuthile. Konke.
Uhlobo luni lwesilinda sensimbi amasosha amaJalimane analo
Wonke umuntu owayebuka amafilimu amadala mayelana nempi noma abona izithombe ezinemibhalo kwakudingeka anake iqiniso lokuthi amasosha aseJalimane ayenesilinda sensimbi esiyimfihlo elengiswe emabhande noma emabhande ngaphezulu kwamahlombe.
Isikhathi sokuthola ukuthi kungani sasidingeka nokuthi sisetshenziswa kanjani amasosha eWehrmacht.
Isilinda esingaqondakaliyo esisetshenzisweni samasosha aseJalimane yikho nje okubizwa ngokuthi “yi-tank tank” - isitsha sokugcina imaskhi kaphethiloli. Kwakuvame ukugqokwa ngebhande elihlukile, elaliphonswa phezu kwehlombe lesosha noma elenga ibhande.
Ngosizo lomucu omncane, kwafakwa nesikhwama esincane sesikhumba ethangini ngalinye likaphethiloli, lapho kwakugcinwa khona ikhethini elwa nothuli - itende lemvula, elalihlala emseleni, isosha laseJalimane lalifaka ekhanda nasehlombe ngokushesha ngemuva kokufaka imaski kagesi. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-cape kwakufanele yenze imisebenzi efanayo nanamuhla eyenza isethi yokuvikela amakhemikhali.
Ngesikhathi sika-1941, abakwa-Wehrmacht babehlome ngamamodeli amathathu wamamaski wegesi. Amasampula akamuva aqanjwa kahle futhi abonakala ngezinga eliphakeme kakhulu lekhwalithi. Njenganamuhla, am Maski wegesi akhiqizwa ngaphansi kosayizi abaningana bekhanda. Ngaphezu kwemaski yokuvikela enesihlungi, izinto ezimbalwa ezihehayo zazigcinwe ethangini likaphethiloli.
Ithangi nesikhwama esine-anti-uthuli cape.
Ngakho-ke, esembozweni esisehlangothini kwakukhona isikhwama esincane sensimbi esihlwitha entwasahlobo. Bekuqukethe ikhadi lomuntu siqu lesihlaseli kanye namaphepha ahambisana nawo omaskandi wegesi. Bona, ikakhulukazi, babenophawu lomkhiqizo ukuze bahlole insimbi yokusebenza ukuze isebenze. Ngomqondo, imaski yegesi kufanele ihlolwe ebuthweni lamaJalimane okungenani kanye ngonyaka.
Kusho izindlela zokunciphisa ikhemikhali esikhunjeni.
Ngaphansi kophisi kaphethiloli ethangini kubekwe ibhodlela kanye nebhokisi elinezindlela ezimbili zokunciphisa amandla amakhemikhali atholakala esikhunjeni esivele. Kuzo zombili iziqukathi kwakukhona ikhambi elilodwa futhi elilodwa elifanayo futhi umehluko kuphela wokuthi kwakukhona ufulawa ebhokisini noketshezi ebhodleleni.
Ngaphansi kwesigaxa sikaphethiloli kwakukhona i-gasket yensimbi lapho kwakubekwa khona ithawula elikhethekile elahlekile (empeleni, indwangu ejwayelekile) ukusula isigaxa segesi ngemuva kokuhlaselwa igesi. Ngaphansi kwethawula esikhwameni sephepha kwakukhona ama-lens ambalwa egalazi lemaski.
Phansi ithawula lokusula nezingxenye zesitoko.
IGazbaki yathuthukiswa ngemuva kwesipiliyoni esidabukisayo seMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Noma kunjalo, naphezu kwazo zonke izinto ezesabekayo zeMpi Yesibili Yomhlaba, izwe alizange lifinyelele ekusetshenzisweni kwezikhali zamakhemikhali (ngaphandle kwamacala ambalwa), futhi ngenxa yalokho amasiki wegesi ayengasasebenzi ngalutho.
Kuyamangaza ukuthi le mishini ibonakala ingakanani phakathi kwamasosha aseJalimane ama-Germany ama-fascist nokuthi lokhu kwakuyivelakancane kangakanani kwi-Red Army.
Empeleni, imaski yegesi uqobo.
Izinja ezivela eTitanic
Abaningi, uma kungebona bonke, bayayazi indaba edabukisayo ye-liner yolwandle ebabazekayo, iTitanic, eyashona enyakatho ye-Atlantic Ocean ngo-Ephreli 15, 1912. Ngenxa yalolu sizi, abantu abangaphezu kuka-1,500 bafa. Kepha bambalwa abantu abaziyo ukuthi kwakungebona ukuphela kwezisulu. Kwakunezinja okungenani eziyishumi nambili emkhunjini, ezintathu kuphela ezasinda.
Abagibeli beqembu lokuqala babevame ukuhamba nezilwane ezifuywayo. Ngakho-ke, i-Titanic yayihlonyelwe nge-kennel esezingeni lokuqala enikezela zonke izinsizakalo ezingenzeka zokunakekelwa nokugcinwa kwezinja, kubandakanya ukuhamba kwansuku zonke kanye nokuzivocavoca okhethekile emphemeni.Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuhlelwanga umdlalo wezinja ongekho emthethweni ngo-Ephreli 15, okwathi ngeshwa awuzange kwenzeke. Ngokungezelela izinja ezigcinwe esitokisini esijeni, abanye abagibeli beqembu lokuqala babegcina izilwane ezifuywayo emakhukini abo, yize lokhu kwakuvinjelwe imithetho. Abasebenzi baphendukezela lokhu.
Isiphi isilwane se-Titanic esisindayo?
Lezi zinja ezintathu ezazisindile zazinezinto eziningi ezifanayo: zazigcinwa kumakhabethe, hhayi e-kennel, futhi zazingamele izinhlobo zezinja ezincane. Ngakho-ke, lapho kwenzeka ukushayisana futhi kuqalwa ukususwa, abaniniyo bakwazile ukubayisa ezikebheni zokuphila. Kungenzeka ukuthi abanikazi bekufanele bafihle izilwane zabo ezifuywayo, bezimboze ngezingubo zokulala noma bacashe ngaphansi kwejazi.
1. IDwarf (Pomeranian) I-Spitz eqanjwe uLady: umnikazi uMargaret Bechstein Hayes wathathela inja yakhe eParis futhi wakwazi ukuyiyisa esikebheni esinguNo. 7, esongwe ngengubo.
2. IPekingese Ilanga Yat Sen: abanikazi uMyra noHenry S. Harper, owayengumgcini wezindaba. Lo mbhangqwana ukwazile ukuletha le nja esikebheni sokuphila esingu-3. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngokusho kukaJ. Joseph Edgett, isazi-mlando e-University of Weidner eChester, ePennsylvania, eU.SA kanye nomgcini wemicimbi emnyuziyamu mayelana ne-Titanic, uMnu. Harper ngokuhamba kwesikhathi wathi: "Kubukeka sengathi kunendawo eningi, ngakho-ke akekho owenqabayo."
3. Enye i-Spitz etakulwe emkhunjini ososizini, bengabakwaMartin no-Elizabeth Jane Rothschild. Babesesikebheni sokuphila esinguNo. 6, lapho uNkk Rothschild, ngesimangaliso esithile, wakwazi ukufihla inja kwaze kwaba ngakusasa, ngaphambi kokufika komkhumbi wokuposa waseRoyal Carpathia. Abasebenza eCarlopathian ekuqaleni benqabile ukuthatha le nja bayifaka nayo, kepha uNkk Rothschild wakwazi ukugcizelela. UMnu Rothschild akazange asinde ekuphukeni komkhumbi.
Zingaki izilwane ezafa ngeTitanic?
Amarekhodi omlando asekhona kuze kube namuhla akhombisa ukuthi okungenani izinja eziyisishiyagalolunye zabanye abagibeli zafa, yize ngabe zazikhona eziningi. Kwakuyizinja zezinja ezinkulu ezazibekwe enkulisa yomkhumbi, okusho ukuthi zazizosinda. Ngokunokwenzeka, omunye wabagibeli noma isikebhe wayekwazi ukuvula iminyango futhi akhulule izinja emphemeni lapho umkhumbi uqala ukuzika. Izinja ezethusayo, njengabantu, zigijima zibuyela emuva emaphethelweni omkhumbi, zandisa kuphela isiyaluyalu. Iningi lezinja ezifile azikhonjwanga, ezinye zakwazi ukuqoqa imininingwane.
1. Ngakho-ke, phakathi kwezilwane ezifuywayo ezifile, zazikhona Inkosi kaCavalier uCharles Spaniel nezinja zakwa-Airedale Terrier zezingane zikaWilliam Carter, indodana nomnikazi wesinye sezikhulu zamalahle eziphumelela kakhulu ePhiladelphia, uWilliam Thornton Carter. Emkhunjini, uWilliam Carter wayephethe imoto yakhe yeRenault. Inkampani yomshuwalense wasolwandle waseLondon eyalandela iLloyd yajabulisa umndeni ngomonakalo.
Inothi elihehayo: ngokusho kwendatshana yeThe Today Show, isimo sothando phakathi kukaRose noJack kwifilimu eyaziwayo i-Titanic senzeka ngekhophi ngqo le-1912 Renault Carter.
Njengomphumela wenhlekelele, uJohn Jacob Astor wamakhulu ezigidi ulahlekile I-Airedale, i-Kitty (isithombe sesithombe seposi).
3. Omunye isisulu kwaba I-French Bulldog yamqamba igama elithi Gamin de Piccomb (eFrance, bavame ukuphendukela ezinganeni - i-gamin, ngakho-ke lesi sibongo singahunyushwa ngokuthi "usana"), umnikazi webhange elineminyaka engu-27 ubudala uRobert Daniel walithenga eNgilandi, mhlawumbe elisedolobhaneni lasePicombo, kungekudala nje indiza ebihlaselwe kabi. Ngemuva kwesonto ngemuva kwenhlekelele ene-Titanics eNew York, kwabanjwa umbukiso wenja waseFrance Bulldog. Omunye wamajaji omncintiswano ngalolo suku kwakunguSamuel Goldenberg, ongomunye wabagibeli osindisiwe kwiTitanic. Inhloso yalolu hambo bekuwukubamba iqhaza embukisweni waseNew York njengejaji.
URobert Daniel uqobo wasinda waze wathi wabona isilwane sakhe sisaphila emanzini, kepha inja ayitholakalanga.
Ezinye izinja ezifile zifaka iPox Terrier, Chow Chow, nabanye abanikazi bayo abangaziwa.
Izindaba ezimnandi zeTitanic?
Enye yezindaba ezijabulisayo (ezihlose ukungabaza) kwakuyindaba echaza indawo yaseNewfoundland egama linguRigel, owayephethe iPhini Likaputeni Wokuqala, u-Chief William Murdoch. Ngakho-ke, ngokusho kwendaba eyavela kamuva eNew York Herald, uRigel akazange akwazi ukuphunyuka nokuhamba ngesikebhe kuphela lapho enza izikebhe zokuphila emanzini acwebile e-Atlantic, kodwa yinja le eyadonsela ukunaka kwabasebenza eCarlopathian ezikebheni zabantu. Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kweSmithsonia Research and Educational Institute e-USA neminye imithombo, awekho amarekhodi eRigel noma kuphi, kufaka nemibiko yokusinda. Umlando awulona uvivinyo lwamaqiniso futhi ikakhulukazi uqanjiwe.
Kodwa-ke, ikhona enye indaba edabukisayo eyiqiniso. Umgibeli webanga lokuqala, u-Anne Elizabeth Isham, wayehlala kwiTitanic eCherbourg ehamba naye iGreat Dane. Wenqabile ukuphuma emkhunjini ngaphandle kwenja yakhe, eyayinkulu kakhulu ukuba ingasindiswa esikebheni sokuphila. Unksz Isham ubengomunye wabagibeli besigaba sokuqala abashona kwiTitanic. Kunemibiko, noma ibingakaqinisekiswa, ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi yatholakala ngabatakuli. Owesifazane ushonile eqabula umngani wakhe amthandayo onemilenze emine.
Lapho sikhumbula usizi lwe-Titanic futhi sicabanga ngayo yonke imihlatshelo yabantu ayenza eminyakeni eyi-108 eyedlule ngo-Ephreli, kufanele sikhumbule ngabafowethu abancane, ababesesimweni esinzima kakhulu, iningi labo ngaphandle kwethemba lokusindiswa. Izilwane zincike kithina abantu kakhulu kunalokho esikucabangayo, ngakho-ke kumele sibhekane ngqo nezindlela zalabo bantu esasikade sifuna ukuletha emakhaya abo futhi sibe yilungu lomndeni wethu.
Umbono wezinja mayelana nezinja ezingama-50
Umbono wenja mayelana nezinja ezingama-50:
Wonke umuntu uzwe ngama-300 Spartans, wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi ama-goose asindisa kanjani iRoma, futhi ngizokutshela ngezinja ezingama-50 ezasindisa idolobha laseGrisi laseGrisi.
Ezikhathini zasendulo, amaGrikhi ayegcina izinja kuzo zonke izinqaba zawo. Indawo yokuhlala yaseCorinth yayiqashwa ngaphandle yizinja ezingama-50. Ngobunye ubusuku, ethule, uKrynf wahlaselwa amabutho ezitha. Izinja kuphela ezwa izitha. Kwaqala impi.
Yinja eyodwa kuphela egama linguSoter eyasinda. Bonke begcwele igazi, wasuka enkundleni yezempi, waphuthuma e-citadel futhi waphakamisa i-alamu. Amasosha abalele avukile axosha ukuhlasela kwesitha. Umkhandlu wedolobha uthathe isinqumo sokunikeza uSoter ngekhola yesiliva ngombhalo othi: "USoter ungumvikeli nomsindisi waseKorin." Ngesikhathi sokuphila kukaSoter, kwafakwa itshe lesikhumbuzo kuye nakwabalingane bakhe abangamashumi amane nesishiyagalolunye eKorinthe. Kwakungesikhulu se-4 B.C.E. Nayi indaba.
Kungani izinja ziboshwe?
“Inja empofu ingaphonswa kanjani emgodini owodwa nomhlaseli wasendle? Ngabe la makhandlela asefile ngokuphelele? " - umfundi uthukuthele futhi. kuzobe kungamanga empeleni. Ngemuva kwakho konke, inja ingaba ngumngane omuhle kakhulu hhayi umuntu kuphela, kodwa futhi nengulule! Kepha kungani abantu beshayela ikati nenja, becabanga ukuthi leli khethi lisendle?
Isizathu ukuthi izingulule ziyizilwane ezinemizwa kakhulu futhi ezesabekayo. Abajwayele ukunakwa jikelele, ngakho-ke noma iyiphi injabulo engenasidingo iba yingcindezi, ikakhulukazi uma behlala bodwa.
Kepha abasebenzi be-zoo yaseMelika bathola ukuthi bangasilungisa kanjani leso simo. Izinja Ziba Iqembu Lokusekela Ama-Nervous Pussies! Izinjana namakati zenziwa ndawonye lapho zisencane - izingane ziyadlala futhi ziyaxhumana, futhi lapho sezikhulile, ziba abangane abakhulu, naphezu kwazo zonke izingqinamba eziphathelene namakati nezinja!
Izinja zifundisa izingulule ukwethemba abanye, zikhombisa ukuthi abantu bangabangani, hhayi izitha. Ngakho-ke, lesi silwane asikhathazeki kakhulu futhi sishesha ukujwayela abantu.
Njengoba besho, uzohola nobani, kusukela kulokho uzokuzuza. Ngemuva kokwelashwa kwenja, ingulule ayigcini nje ngokungesabi umuntu, kodwa futhi iyakuthokozela ukuxhumana naye! umthombo
Imizuzu engu-13 engashintshi umhlaba
Ngo-1939, kwakuhlala indoda ethile eJalimane eyayifuna ukushintsha umhlaba wodwa. Futhi wacishe waphumelela. Igama lakhe kwakunguJohann Georgia Elser.Wanquma ukubulala u-Adolf Hitler.
Ubani uHitler futhi kungani abantu abaningi besikhathi sakhe befisa ukuthi afe, kubonakala sengathi usengafunda imigqa embalwa ezincwadini zomlando, ngakho-ke asizukujula. Ngenkathi izixuku ziba nomdlandla kuFuhrer - u-Elser wabona kuHitler usizi oluzayo ezweni. U-Elser wanquma ukuwuyeka.
Okokuqala, imibuzo emibili kufanele ixazululwe - nini futhi kanjani?
Ukusuka ezinhlelweni zokuqala nezilula - nje ukudubula uHitler esixukwini emhlanganweni, uGeorge wenqaba. Uhlelo lwaluyingozi kakhulu futhi aluthembekile. Wayefuna ukwenza isiqiniseko. Leli bhomu lalithembeke kakhudlwana. Kepha kanjani futhi kanjani? Umbuzo wesibili uxazululwe kalula. NgoNovemba 8, 1923, uHitler wazama i-coup d'etat yehlulekile, manje esaziwa njengeBeer Coup. Lapho uHitler eqala ukubusa, umhlangano wamakhosi wabaphathi bamaNazi wenziwa minyaka yonke ehholo likabhiya waseMunich.
NgoNovemba 1938, u-Elser waya eMunich wayohlola i-Pub. Kwakuyindawo efaneleke kunazo zonke. Wayenonyaka owodwa wokulungiselela.
Isikhathi nendawo kunqunywa. Isikhathi sokuthatha ibhomu.
U-Elser wayengumbazi olula futhi izindaba zokuqhuma kwamabhomu zaz kude naye. Futhi wenzeni? Uye kumtapo wezincwadi. Lapho, washaya inqwaba yezincwadi eziwusizo futhi wasusa ikhono lokuphawula ngobunjiniyela. Uma konke kuhambe kahle ngethiyori, pho-ke ukuthathaphi kwebhomu kubuyelela kuphi?
IJalimane elihlaselana ngokushesha elakha amafektri amaningi ezempi. U-Elzer ubesebenza kwenye yazo iminyaka emibili manje. Waqala ukusifaka kancane kancane isibhamu wasibeka ekhaya. UGeorg wakha amabhomu ambalwa futhi wenza izivivinyo ekhishini likamalume wakhe.
Futhi esikhundleni se-BABAH esisithulu sezwa i-BOOH edumazayo. Kwakuwukwehluleka. U-Elser wayengeyena umshikishi wangempela. Ekuhlangenwe nakho komuntu kuphela, wayeqiniseka ukuthi i-powder ayiqhume ishise kakhulu.
"Bullshit, hhayi ukukholisa," kusho u-Elser.
Kwakudingeka ukubheka izinketho ezinamandla ngokwengeziwe.
Ngibona inhloso - angiboni izithiyo, kwakuyisiqubulo sika-Elser's. Ubuye waxabana nomqondisi walesi sitshalo, lapho abesebenza khona wakwazi ukungena ezingubeni. Lapho, kunjalo, babeqhubeka nokuqhuma futhi iziqhumane zaziningi. U-Elser wajwayela kancane endaweni entsha futhi waqala ukukhipha ama-cartridge aqhumayo kanye nama-detonator kubo kusukela esitolo. Ungakuntshontsha kanjani ukuqhuma okungaka eJalimani elihamba ngezinyawo, futhi nangesikhathi sokulawulwa okukhulu kobushiqela? O, bekungukusebenza okukhethekile okufanelwe nguJames Bond. Bukela ngokucophelela: indawo yokugcina izimpahla ibingagadiwe, izinto zokugcina impahla bezingagcinwanga, futhi uGeorg wakwazi ukuvula inkundla ngesinye sezikhiye zakhe ezindala. Konke.
U-Elser wenza izivivinyo ezintsha futhi wayejabule namandla.
Manje kwase kudingekile ukuxazulula inkinga elandelayo. U-Elser wayazi ukuthi ibhomu bekufanele lifihlwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ngaphambi kwenkulumo kaHitler, iGestapo izovala ihholo futhi icwaninge yonke indawo. Ngakho udinga iwashi. U-Elser waphinde wabeka izandla zakhe zegolide futhi wenza i-timer. Ngokucophelela kweJalimane: le ndlela yayinokuhlaselwa okuphuthumayo kanye nohlelo lokuqongqoza kathathu.
Kwakuyisikhathi sokuqala ukufakwa.
U-Elser wathuthela eMunich. Ubuke i-pub futhi wakhetha indawo enhle - ngemuva kwepodium, lapho uHitler azokhuluma khona, ngaphakathi kwikholomu. Kepha ungazibeka kanjani iziqhumane lapho? Isikhathi semishini entshontshiwe. Njalo kusihlwa, uGeorge wayefika eBurgerbroy, aphuze ingilazi kabhiya futhi adansele namantombazane. Ngemuva kwalokho waya endlini yangasese wacasha khona. Walinda waze wavalwa umhlangano futhi bonke abasebenzi bahlakazeka.
UGeorg wasusa ipulangwe lokhuni futhi wenza umnyango ngalo ukuze amboze umkhondo womsebenzi wakhe. Ebumnyameni ngokuphelele futhi ethule, eguqa amahora amaningi, waqala ukukhipha uxinzelelo kwikholamu. Ekuqaleni wasebenza ne-chisel futhi kwadingeka alinde kuze kube yilapho okuzenzakalelayo okufafaza endlini yangasese bese kukhipha imisindo yomsebenzi. Ngemuva kwalokho u-Elser washintsha ithuluzi laba ukuguqulela ngesandla futhi izinto zahamba ngokushesha.
Wayesebenza amahora amaningi nsuku zonke, abese ecasha futhi, ekhubazekile, alinde kufike ezinye izivakashi futhi ahambe kungathi akwenzekanga lutho.Lapho ikhefu likhulu ngokwanele, waqala ngokungenisa kancane iziqhumane lapho. Inyanga yokusebenza ngokungayeki ebusuku yayisondele. Isinyathelo sokugcina ukubeka iwashi. U-Elser usethe ukuqhuma ku-21-20 futhi wabopha iwashi ukuze kungabi lula ukuzwa umkhaza. Ngobusuku bangoNovemba 7 kuya ku-8, wabeka ikholomu nesikompilo ku-convoy futhi wavala umnyango okokugcina. Konke bekumi ngomumo.
Ekuseni, u-Elser ushiye okokugcina iBurgerbroekeller. Wapakisha ipotimende lakhe waqonda emngceleni neSwitzerland. Ntambama, abakwaGestapo bahlanza i-pub. Babhekabheka kuwo wonke amagumbi, bashaya udonga, kepha abatholanga lutho. Unyaka wokungayeki, ubuhlungu, umsebenzi ongenaphutha usuphelile. Konke kwawa ngehora elilodwa.
Kusihlwa ngoNovemba 8, 1939, abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezimbili babuthana eBurgerbroekeller Hall - cishe bonke abashisekeli bakudala beqembu lamaNazi. Ngo-20-00 uHitler wangena ehholo. Isigamu sehora ngaphambi kokuba kuhlelwe. Konke kwacekelwa phansi yisimo sezulu esiyinkungu. UHitler washesha ukubuyela eBerlin wahlupheka futhi wafinyeza inkulumo yakhe. Ufunda inkulumo e-rostrum, futhi ngemuva ngemuva kwakhe, i-timer ibala imizuzu yokugcina ngaphambi kokuqhuma. Ngo-21-00, uHitler uyaphela, asho angibhekise kubasekeli bakhe abathembekile bese ephuma ehholo. Kwakungo-21-07.
Ngemuva kwemizuzu eyishumi nantathu, ngo-21 ukuya ku-20 ibhomu elibekwe ngu-Elser liqhuma. Kuqhume ngendlela yokuthi ikholomu idatshulwe yaba amafuthi futhi ophahleni lwawa. Abantu abangu-8, umuntu oyedwa kanye namalungu ayisikhombisa eqembu lamaNazi babulawa, kwalimala abangamashumi ayisithupha.
Ngalo lelo hora, amakhilomitha angamakhulu amane ukusuka eMunich, e-Elser ephethe ipotimende waya emngceleni neSwitzerland. Konke kwahamba ngokwecebo futhi wayezolile ngokuphelele. Lapho kungazelelwe umlindi wamemeza wacela ukuthi ame. Ngemuva kwe-lapel lapel, kwatholakala ibheji "elibomvu" eliseduze kwase-Elser futhi waboshelwa ukuseshwa. UGeorg ubesenesiqiniseko sokuthi abezwanga lutho mayelana nokuqhuma kwelebhu. Futhi-ke asikho isizathu sokuqina kokuqapha phakathi kwabaqaphi. Maye, wagwaza ngokugcwele. Onogada bemingcele bathola ama-fuse ambalwa engubeni esebenzayo epotimeleni lika-Elzer. Okuyikho nje akhohlwe ukukuphonsa. UGeorg waboshwa.
IGestapo yaqondana ngokushesha nenye kanti u-Elser akazange azikhiye. Akazange anyundele noma ngubani nganoma yikuphi ukuphenywa ngemibuzo, futhi noma ngabe babezama kanjani ukubuyisa ukuvuma kuye ukuthi wenza ngokwemiyalo yezinsizakalo zezobunhloli bangaphandle, u-Elser wema ngezinyawo. Wayesebenza yedwa. Futhi wayesephuze imizuzu eyi-13.
UJohann Georgia Elser wadutshulwa ekamu laseDachau ngo-Ephreli 9, ngo-1945. Izinsuku ezingamashumi amabili ngaphambi kokukhululwa kwekamu nenyanga ngaphambi kokuphela kwempi.
Ngonyaka wama-39, ngesikhathi kuphenywa ngemibuzo eGestapo, embuzweni "kungani ukwenzile lokhu?", U-Elser uphendule wathi:
"Bengifuna ukumisa impi."
Inkumbulo ebusisiwe, uHerr Elser. Lala kahle, impi isiphelile.
Izidwebo ezi-10 ezaziwa kakhulu emhlabeni ngo-Ephreli 1
Usuku luka-Ephreli Fools luyiholide eliyintandokazi yezingane nabadala, eligubha ngo-Ephreli 1 emazweni amaningi omhlaba.
Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo ngalolu suku kuyisiko ukudlala amalungu omndeni, abangane, osebenza nabo, abantu obajwayele, ngisho nabantu ongabazi. Abezindaba abazikhiphi amahlaya ka-Ephreli Fools - ngalolu suku ungalindela noma yini kuthelevishini, emsakazweni nakwabezindaba.
Imidwebo eminingi isivele iwile emlandweni njengeyifuna ukwazi kakhulu. Ngiphakamisa ukuthi ngikhumbule izinyoka eziyishumi ezidume kakhulu zika-Ephreli Fools, isintu "esithengile" kuzo.
Mhlawumbe umdwebo odume kakhulu wekhulu leminyaka elidlule uyindaba ye-BBC mayelana nokuqoqwa kwesitshalo esingajwayelekile se-spaghetti eSwitzerland, okuthi ngokombiko, kwenzeke ngenxa yobusika obuthambile kanye nokubhujiswa kwesilokazane esisabekayo - ibhungane le-macaroni.
Ngo-Ephreli 1, 1957, ababukeli bethelevishini baseBrithani baboniswa ukuthi abalimi basusa kanjani i-spaghetti ezihlahleni bayomisa elangeni.
Ngemuva kokuba kuphume izindaba, izingcingo eziya kusihleli azizange zime - ababukeli babenentshisekelo yokuthi bangayikhulisa kanjani i-spaghetti ezihlahleni ekhaya. Intshisakalo yaseBrithani yayilungile - kuleyo minyaka, njengomthetho, bathenga i-spaghetti emathini ngamaphepha alungiselelwe.
ESweden, ngo-1962, uchwepheshe kwezobuchwepheshe esiteshini esisodwa sethelevishini weluleka ababukeli ukuthi bangayiguqula kanjani i-TV emnyama nomhlophe ibe umbala.
Uveze ukuthi ithelevishini ingakhombisa imibala ngokudonsa isitoreji se-nylon esibukweni futhi ikhombise ukuthi ingakwenza kanjani.
Ibheji lika-Ephreli Fools lagwinywa ngamakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu baseSweden. Empeleni, ama-TV anemibala eSweden avela ngo-1970.
Ukuguqulwa kwesikhathi esifanele
Umabonakude wase-Australia ngonyaka we-1975 wazisa ababukeli ngokushintshwa kwe-Australia okuzayo esikhathini sesilinganiso - uhlelo lokumelelwa kwesikhathi olususelwa ezingxenyeni zamanani zosuku. Ngokuya ngohlelo olusha, ngemizuzwana eyi-100, ngehora lemizuzu eyi-100, nosuku luhlukaniswe ngamahora angama-20 esikhundleni se-24.
UNdunankulu waseNingizimu Melika, uDesmond Corcoran, obeseka ukwethulwa kwesikhathi seminyaka ewumbukwane wethelevishini, naye wabamba iqhaza kulo mdlalo. Amadoda wethelevishini akhombise nehholo ledolobha lase-Adelaide ngewashi elisha elibonisa isikhathi sedesimali.
Izingcingo eziningi ezivela kubabukeli abakholelwa kumahlaya azizange zime. Isibonelo, omunye wabashayeli bezingcingo, wayenesifiso sokushintsha iwashi lakhe le-elekthronikhi libe yisikhathi sedesimali.
Iphephabhuku i-Discover litshele abafundi ngo-Ephreli 1, 1985 ukuthi isazi sezinto eziphilayo sase-Italy u-April Pazzo sithola izibungu ezingaziwa isayensi e-Antarctica.
Ngokuya kososayensi, emakhanda lezi zibungu kwakukhona amapuleti amathambo afudunyezwa ukushisa okuphezulu futhi avumela izibungu ukuba zihambe ngaphansi kweqhwa ngesivinini esikhulu.
Lesi sihloko sabika ukuthi lezi zibungu zazizingela ama-penguin futhi zazibandakanyeka ekunyamalaleni okungaqondakali komhloli wamazwe wase-Antarctic uPhilippe Poisson ngonyaka we-1837.
Ixosha umbhoshongo we-eiffel
Inkulumo mayelana nokudilizwa okuzayo kwe-Eiffel Tower, eyakhishwa ephephandabeni iLe Parisien ngo-Ephreli 1, 1986 yathusa abantu baseParis.
Leli phephandaba libike ukuthi uhulumeni usethathe isinqumo sokuhambisa lesi sakhiwo e-French Disneyland esakhiwa, kanti nenkundla yemidlalo ezayo yama-Olimpiki izokwakhiwa endaweni yakudala.
Iphephandaba i-Guardian ngo-1987 labika ukuthi ososayensi abavela edolobheni elincane laseNgilandiya iPershore bakhe umshini ongalawula isimo sezulu.
Ngokusho kososayensi, umsakazo wale mshini wawungamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezinhlanu.
Lesi sihloko saphawula ukuthi ngenxa yalokho, iFoggy Albion izothola izimvula zasehlobo nezimvula ngezikhathi ezithile, kanti amazwekazi aseYurophu kuzofanela aneliseke yilokho iPershore ibashiyela kona.
Ikota yesithathu kaNixon
Umsakazo weNational Public Radio, ohlelweni iNational Talk, utshele abalaleli bawo ngo-Ephreli 1, 1992 ukuthi uRichard Nixon, owayesulile esikhundleni ngo-1974 ngenxa yokuhlatshwa ihlazo ngohlazo lweWatergate, uhlose ukusebenzela uMengameli futhi.
Isiqubulo somkhankaso wakhe omusha wokhetho simi kanjena: "Angenzanga iphutha elilodwa, futhi ngeke ngibenze ngokuzayo." Lezi zindaba zihambisane nokuqoshwa kwenkulumo yokhetho lukaNixon.
Ukusabela kwezilaleli kube nesiphepho esikhulu - behlise izingcingo eziningi bezwakala esitishini, bezwakalisa ulaka lwabo nokufutheka kwabo. Maphakathi nohlelo kuphela, umethuli wamemezela ukuthi lezi zindaba zazihlaya. Izwi likaNixon lahlakazwa ngumuntu ohlekisayo.
I-ejensi yaseRussia i-TASS ngonyaka we-1994 yamemezela inhloso yenkampani eyodwa yotshwala ukuthi iqale ukukhiqizwa okubizwa ngokuthi "imigoqo ye-vodka" enokunambitheka okuthathu - ulamula, ukhukhunathi kanye ikhukhamba oluhlotshisiwe
Amabha wasekhaya kwakufanele ancintisane noshokoledi bakwamanye amazwe anjengeMars ne-Snickers.
Inkampani esebenza nge-distillery, ebihlela ukukhiqiza imigoqo, ibuye yasebenza ukudala imishanguzo “esheshayo” ezikhwameni.
Izimvu zinecala lokushisa komhlaba jikelele
Ososayensi baseNew Zealand abavela ku-Institute of Veterinary Climatology ngonyaka ka-2007 bamemezele kwelinye lamaphephandaba endawo ukuthi ukufudumala komhlaba kusenziwa ukuncishiswa kwezimvu, kunokuba kuqoqwe yikhabhoni diokthoni emkhathini.
Ososayensi bathi izimvu zimhlophe, ziveza ukukhanya kwelanga kahle, zivimbele umhlaba ukuba ungashisi.Futhi okungaphansi kwabo, okufudumele ngokufanako eMhlabeni.
I-BBC yaphosa elinye "idada" ngesimo samaphengwini ezindizayo kubabukeli ngonyaka we-2008. Umbiko wevidiyo uchaze uhlobo olwalungaziwa langaphambilini lwamaphengwini ezindizayo.
Ososayensi abavela ohlelweni oludumile lwe-Mirerals of Evolution bakhombise ukuthi ama-penguin, ngamaphiko ambalwa amandla wamaphiko awo, endiza emoyeni.
Ngokombiko, ama-penguin awazange avele nje, ahamba futhi asuka esimweni sezulu esibandayo se-Antarctic - aya emahlathini emvula ase-Amazon ukufudumeza amaphiko awo elangeni.
Iqiniso lokuthi ama-penguins awandiza laziwa yiwo wonke umuntu - bamane bagxume bahlekise, beshaya amaphiko abo amafushane. Lapho sidala le vidiyo, sasebenzisa ama-penguin angempela e-Antarctica, futhi isiza sakhiwa kusetshenziswa imidwebo yekhompyutha.
Izinto ezilungiselelwe iqembu elifundisayo
Amaqhawe awaqali amahlaya. AmaJalimane Afaka Kanjani AmaSabeta aseSoviet izinyanga ezi-5
Kukhathalogi yesiNgisi yemisebenzi ekhethekile yekhulu lamashumi amabili, iSoviet DRG "uJack" ibonwa njengenye yezindawo ezinhle kakhulu kulo lonke lelo khulu leminyaka. Ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa okwathatha izinyanga ezinhlanu, abashayisibhakela bafa emasimini, bazifumba ngamabhomu, futhi labo abasinda baqhubeka nokwenza lo msebenzi.
Akufani ne-movie
Kusuka kumafilimu, siyazi ukuthi iqembu labasiki be-deep-intelligence sabasigcini esihlanganayo sokulwa okuqhubeka ngokuqeqeshwa okungathi sína ngaphambi kwe-mission. Eqinisweni, lokhu akunjalo. Omunye wabasakazi osinde ekuhlaseleni, uGennady Yushkevich ukhumbule ukuthi ngaphambi kokushiya kwabo bebengawazi amagama abanye. Kuyaqinisekiswa futhi kubhalwe phansi. Ama-DRG akhiwa ngoJulayi 25, 1944, aphonswa ngemuva kweJalimane ngoJulayi 27, 1944.
Ama-saboteurs ayengagqoke umfaniswano weSoviet noma waseJalimane, kodwa egqoke izingubo zomphakathi. AbakwaJackers bathola ukuthi babephonswa e-East Prussia ngendiza kuphela. Umkhuzi wamasosha, uLieutenant Pavel Krylaty, oneminyaka engu-27 ubudala, obhalwe ukuthi “uJack”, uyalelwe ukuba aqoqe imininingwane yokuhanjiswa kwamasosha ezitha, ukuba khona kwemigqa yokuzivikela nokulungela kwamaJalimane ukwenza impi yamakhemikhali.
Leli qembu lalizoba “amehlo” e-3 Bel Belsiansian Front ekuhlaseleni okuzayo kwe-East Prussia. Ukuxhumana nalesi "sikhungo" kulokhu kuthathwe izingxoxo zombuso nabasebenza emsakazweni - isikhulu seminyaka engu-23 isikhulu seminyaka engu-40 u-Anna "Lebed" Morozova kanye nomlingisi uZinaida "Jay" Bardysheva, obeneminyaka engu-20 ubudala.
Sekukonke, kwakukhona abashayisibhakela abayi-10 eDRG. Omdala uneminyaka engama-29 ubudala, kanti omncane omncane uneminyaka eyi-16. Izikhali zazihlanganisa izibhamu eziyisithupha ze-PPSh submachine namadiski amabili kuzo, izibhamu eziyi-9 ze-TT, i-kn-finca, amabhomu, amabhomu, amakhampasi, amabinogile, amamephu endawo yango-1914. Isabelo sokudla sasiqukethe ama-25 kg. ufulawa, ugxila, isitshulu, isinqumelo namakhilogremu amathathu weshegi.
Ngobusuku bangoJulayi 27-28, 1944, i-DRG yahlala ehlathini elingena spruce eduzane nedolobhana laseLauknen (Gromovo, isifunda saseSlavsky). Ukulahleka kokuqala kwenzeka ngosuku. UDzhekovets weqa ibhuloho ngaphezu komfula iParve (Lugovaya). Abaqaphi bekamu lokuhlushwa uHohenbruch wabona amasabatha. AmaJalimane adubula ukuqhuma okuningana ngokungahleliwe. Inhlamvu edukelayo yafika enhliziyweni kaCaptain Winged. “UJack” ushonele khona lapho, kanti lo mthetho uthathwe ngu-Nikolai “Hedgehog” Shpakov oneminyaka engu-24 ubudala.
AmaJalimane agasele, kodwa iqembu laphuma “ebhokisini”, elalizocisha. Kuyo yonke inyanga ka-Agasti nangoSepthemba, bagwedla amahlathi ePrussia futhi babuka isiminyaminya sezitimela emzileni uKoenigsberg (Kaliningrad) - Tilsit (Sovetsk). Imininingwane mayelana nenani lezinqola ezinamathangi namasosha idluliselwa “esikhungweni” kathathu ngosuku. Ngemuva kokuxhumana nomsakazo ngamunye, izihlabani zashintsha isikhundla sazo.
“Kuzokuba njalo nakulowo nalowo kini”
Sonke lesi sikhathi bamisa abaqamekeli, bathatha "izilimi", bashiya ukuboshwa, baxoshwa ku-"Fritzs" ecindezelwe. Kusukela kubelusi baseJalimane babelala imvula, ugwayi, owawungqongqoza umkhondo nowokumba. Ezinsukwini zokugcina zika-Agasti, izinhlamvu ezengeziwe, ukudla, kanye nezingubo ezifudumele zalahlwa kumaDzhekovites. Ngobusuku bangoSepthemba 10, amaSabetaurs ezwa buqamama ikhwela lamarokhethi asetshenziswa amaJalimane ukuxhumanisa ukuhamba kwamaketanga ahlangana ehlathini.
Empini yokubulawa kwabantu, umhloli oneminyaka engu-29 ubudala, uJoseph Zvarika, owayenegama elithi "Walrus" washona.Ku-radiogram, uNikolai Shpakov ubike ukuthi ngenxa yobuningi bamaketanga ezitha, leli qembu lahlukana nemvelo ngamaqembu amancane. Ekuseni ngoSepthemba 11, amaNazi abona uZech futhi afuna ukumthatha ephila. "UWalrus" udutshulwe emuva wadonsa amaJalimane. Wabulawa empini. Kamuva, abakwaDzhekovets bathola isidumbu somuntu owayehlushwa yena. AmaJalimane afaka uphawu entanyeni yakhe okubhalwe kulo: “Kuzoba njalo ngomunye wethu!”
Iqembu lonke laqhubeka nomsebenzi. Ngenxa yezokuxhumana emsakazweni, abakwaDzhekovets basungule ukuxhumana nabaculi bamaqembu wokuqothula "Maxim" no "Orion". Bahlangana amahlandla amaningana ukuhlasela imigomo yamaJalimane. Ngo-Okthoba 28, iqembu "likaJack" lawela komunye umgibeli. Umlawuli uShipakov ulahlekile ngokudubulana. Kwavela ukuthi ulimele wazidubula.
Ngosuku olufanayo, umhumushi waleli qembu, uNapoleon Ridevsky, oneminyaka engama-24, waphakamisa umlenze. Lo myalo uthathe izintambo kwi-Red Army u-Ivan "Mole" Melnikov, owayeneminyaka engama-24. Wahlukanisa iqembu laba izingxenye ezimbili. UMelnikov, abasebenza emisakazweni emibili, u-Ivan Ovcharov (oneminyaka engama-26) no-Ivan Tselikov (oneminyaka engama-22) benza umehluko. Ngalesi sikhathi, uGennady "Orel" Yushkevich oneminyaka engu-16 ubudala bekufanele abekezelele uRidevsky olimele.
I-Yushkevich ne-Ridevsky ayikwazanga ukuxhumana nokuxhumeka okukhulu. Bazosindiswa ngumndeni ka-anti wase-Georgia u-August Schillat. Kuze kube nguJanuwari ngo-1945, abalimi bebefihla ababecwilisa eSoviet epulazini labo iMinkhelwald. Amanye ama-DRG adlulela eVelau (isigodi saseZnamensk). Ngobusuku bango-Okthoba 1, baphonsa isitsha sokudla, izinhlamvu kanye nomyalelo wokuqapha kanye nokudlulisa imininingwane ngokudluliselwa kwamasosha aseJalimane ngomgwaqo omkhulu i-Insterburg - Nordenburg.
Ngobusuku bangoNovemba 11, umphathi omusha wajoyina abakwaDjekovites - isikhulu samaphoyisa esineminyaka engu-22 u-Anatoly "Gladiator" Morzhin, kwathi ngoNovemba 19, umphathi wezobunhloli u-Ivan Ovcharov washona. Ngesikhathi kuqhubeka impi ngoNovemba 29, umgadli u-Ivan Tselikov wanqunywa kumaDzhekovets wajoyina iqembu laseMaxim. Walwa kwaze kwaba nguFebhuwari 1945 futhi kuthiwa washona ngo-1999.
Ezinyangeni zokuhlaselwa nokulwa, amaJacks ayengakaze enze umlilo kanye futhi agijime amakhilomitha angama-20 ngosuku. UMorzhin uthumele umyalo ku-radiogram: "... laba akuyona abantu, kepha izithunzi. Emavikini asanda kwedlula, sebelambe kakhulu, banda ngamakhaza futhi begqoke izingubo zabo zasehlobo kangangokuba abanawo amandla okugcina izibhamu zabo. ”
AbakwaGladiator bacele imvume yokuqeda lo msebenzi bangene ePoland. "Isikhungo" - sivunyelwe Abahlaseli basinde ekuhlaselweni okuyishumi nambili, kwathi ngoDisemba 27 iqembu laxoshwa. UZinaida "Jay" Bardysheva ulimale wazidubula, u-Ivan "Mole" Melnikov ushone ngesikhathi behlaselwa. U-Lieutenant Morzhin ulahlekile kule mpi. Ngokwemibiko engaqinisekisiwe, wathunjwa, ngemuva kwempi ecindezelwe ngabakwaSMERSH.
Ngu-Ana “Swan” Morozova kuphela okwazi ukuphuma kubabambeli. Wasindisa i-walkie-talkie, kwathi ngoDisemba 30, 1944, wadlulisela “esikhungweni” imininingwane yempi yokugcina namazwi afayo kaZinaida Bardysheva: “Tshela umama. Wenza konke okusemandleni, ushone kahle. ” Umsakazi womsakazo uMorozova ushone ngosuku olulandelayo. Lapho esezungezwe, wabhubhisa iziqalo zomhumushi futhi waziqhumisa ngebhomu.
U-Yushkevich noRidevsky balinda ukufika kwe-Red Army bawela emkhakheni wokubukwa kwe-SMERSH. Lo mlisa uhlala eMinsk futhi uthi akathandi ukuya esikoleni ngoMeyi 9. Impi yangempela inonya olukhulu, futhi akafuni ukuqamba amanga ezinganeni.
Mayelana nezimfihlo ezingasombululwa nezingasombululwa zempucuko yasendulo kaMayan. (Okuncane bekungafanele, kuphetha kumazwana)
Kakhulu ukuthi ngaso sonke isikhathi esikubonayo yilokho esilindele ukukubona, kungaba yinto yemvelo noma umsebenzi wezandla zabantu. Lesi sitatimende sivame ukuba yiqiniso kakhulu maqondana nokutholakele okutholwe abavubukuli, lapho amaqiniso amasha enza ukutholakala okudala kubonakale kukhanya obekulindelwe ngokuphelele. Isibonelo, idolobha laseMayan lasendulo, iMachu Picchu, eNhlonhlweni Yucatan yaseMexico, iyindawo efundwe ngokucophelela ososayensi ngapha nangapha.
Noma kunjalo, iMachu Picchu igcina izimfihlo eziningi. Enye yazo imithunzi eyimfihlakalo elahliwe yicitadel yasendulo.
Ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo nasekwindla equinox, lapho ilanga lisuka empumalanga liye entshonalanga, ukukhanya kudlala emakhoneni esitebhisi esisenyakatho-mpumalanga yephiramidi kaKukulkan ngendlela yokuthi kwakheke into eyingqayizivele. Imisebe yelanga iphakamisa izithunzi zamakhona emaphiramidi emngceleni osempumalanga mpumalanga wesitebhisi esitebhisi.
Ngokudala ukudala umphumela weqiniso lokuthi isithunzi esinjengegagasi lenyoka enkulu sihamba kancane size phansi ezitebhisini. Lo mkhuba wokukhanya nesithunzi uhlala amahora amathathu kanye nemizuzu engamashumi amabili nambili. Le nto ifanekisela ukuguqulwa kwezinkathi zonyaka.
Idolobha laseMayan lasendulo iMachu Picchu.
Izinkulungwane zabavakashi zihlangana lapho unyaka nonyaka ukuzofakaza lo mcimbi. Le nto eyisimanga ingenisa abantu esimweni somphakathi lapho behlangene ngento edlula isikhathi namasiko. Kulezi zinsuku, lapho inqubekela phambili enjalo kwisayensi nobuchwepheshe, konke kushintsha ngokushesha okukhulu, izinto ezinjalo zihehe abantu.
Abantu bakudala bangayakha kanjani into enhle kangaka nenhle ngaphandle kwezindlela zanamuhla zobuchwepheshe. Ngemuva kwakho konke, abakhi babephutha iphutha ngengxenyenamba ethile kuphela - umphumela onjalo wawungeke ube khona!
Idolobha lihlaba umxhwele ngobukhazikhazi bawo bezakhiwo.
Futhi lokhu kungenye nje yemithunzi kaChichen Itza. Kukhona ezinye eziningi ezihlobene nezakhiwo eziphambili nezesekondari. Idolobha lakudala lalihlelelwe njengesizinda somhlaba, lapho uKukulkan ayesekuthelaneni kwemigqa emine - amaphuzu ekhadinali. Iphiramidi lethempeli lisendaweni yezinganekwane enkabeni yesikhathi nendawo. Amagumbi alesi sakhiwo akhiwe ngendlela yokuthi kwenza iKukulkan ibe yindawo yokudayela ilanga enamandla.
Izimfihlo eziningi zempucuko eyinqaba kaMayan azikatholakali.
Igama lale nkulunkulu yiQuetzalcoatl, elihumusha ngokuthi "inyoka enezinwele." Ubufakazi bemivubukulo bubonisa ukuthi umbono wenyoka enezinwele wasakazeka ngesikhathi seLaya Maya, kuze kube sekhulu le-10, kulo lonke elaseMesoamelika.
Kukholakala ukuthi uKukulkan uyiNtaba Yezidalwa, enekhanda nomlomo wezinyoka ezinamazinyo. Ngokuvamile, uphawu lwenyoka lubhebhetheke ekusithombeni nakwimidwebo odongeni yamathempeli aseMayan. Inyoka echitha isikhumba sayo yayiwuphawu lokuvuselela nokuphila.
Iphiramidi kaMayan idlale indima yohlobo lwekhalenda eMaya, noma okungenani umthetho wohlelo lwekhalenda wabekwa esisekelweni sephiramidi. Elinye nelinye lamaphaneli angama-52 ethempeli lepiramidi eliqukethwe izinyathelo eziyisishiyagalolunye zethala lilingana nenani leminyaka yeminyaka emakhalendeni we-Mayan and Toltec agrarian.
Amazinga ayisishiyagalolunye ephiramidi ayisikhumbuzo sezinyathelo eziyisishiyagalolunye eziya eShibalba, indawo engaphansi komhlaba. Okokuqala, iphiramidi yaseKukulkan iyithuluzi elizinikezelwe kunkulunkulukazi bemvelo nendima yabo ekuguqukeni kwemini nobusuku, kanye nokuphila nokufa.
Umuzi mhlawumbe mdala kunenkolelo evamile.
Umnyango omkhulu ongaphezulu kwephiramidi uvulekela enyakatho. Izitebhisi ezine ezikhuphukela esakhiweni, esisodwa ohlangothini ngalunye, zinezitebhisi ezingama-91 isinye, esilingana nezinyathelo ezingama-364, esiqongweni siyizinsuku ezingama-365 zonyaka welanga, haaba, eMaya.
Izitebhisi zasenyakatho ziyindlela ehamba phambili eyingqayizivele, futhi ngakwiphepha layo elisenyakatho-mpumalanga lapho ilanga ligcina imithunzi engunxantathu.
Yonke into yakhelwe ngokunemba kangangokuba ukuphambuka kwengxenyana ethile kuphela kwakungeke kunikeze umphumela oyingqayizivele.
Isikwele esikhulu esizungeze i-El Castillo ezinhlangothini ezine siyingxenye yesithombe soLwandle lwePrimordial of Creation, lapho, ngokwesiko lamaMayan, yonke impilo yavela ekuqaleni kwesikhathi. Ingxenye esenyakatho yesikwele lapho uKukulkan emi futhi kwakuyindawo yemicimbi emikhulu.
Ngemuva kwayo kunodonga olukhulu lwezichuni - i-ojaci. Esihlalweni sezikhonkwane, kwakhiwa isakhiwo sezinsika sokhuni ngaphezulu kwesakhiwo samatshe, esifana nesikhafu, lapho kwakukhonjiswa khona amakhulukhulu ezinceku, anikele konkulunkulu bamaMay, igazi abantu.
Ngaphakathi, kutholwe umhume lapho kutholakala khona izindwangu zesikhathi sangaphambi kokufika kwamaToltecs.
Ngasempumalanga yesikwele iThempeli Likhulu lamaqhawe kanye nenkantolo yebhola entshonalanga.Le ndawo ibaluleke kakhulu kumaMayans - imidlalo yamasiko yayiqhutshelwa lapho. Ngokwezinkolelo zabo, abantu nezithixo zangaphansi balwela ubukhosi emhlabeni wangempela.
Lokhu kwakukhombisa umzabalazo wempilo nokufa. UMaya ubuye akholelwe ukuthi ilanga aliphumanga, kodwa aqhubeke nendlela, “njengelanga elimnyama” ebusuku endaweni yaphansi, ukuze adume futhi ngakusasa ngakusasa.
Isihlalo sobukhosi sompristi omkhulu ngesimo sejaguar.
Enyakatho yeKukulkan, kunesinye isakhiwo esikhangayo - i-cenote. Lokhu kungumthombo ocwengileko wobumbano obunjiwe, obuhlaba umxhwele ngosayizi. Umgwaqo obanzi uholela emthonjeni. EMaya, i-cenote yayisetshenziswa emkhosini wokuhlabela. Lapho, izisulu zahlanzwa, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, kwakufanele zibe ngabamele abahle besizwe.
Lawa kwakungamadoda agqamile, abancane, hhayi ebuhlungu, futhi engenakukhubazeka. Ku-Chaak, unkulunkulu wemvula nokuduma, okungcono kakhulu, ngoba ubengemukele lutho olungaphansi.
Inhlangano yonke yezomnotho nemiphakathi yasendulo yamaMayan yaphenduka ezolimo. Kulezi zindawo zokugcina - lezi yizikhathi ezimbili ezikhiqizayo. Ngakho-ke isakhiwo seNkolelo kaMayan nenhlangano yenkolo, enamathela ekubambisaneni kwabo ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka nemvelo. Onkulunkulu nonkulunkulu abavela kundlezonke labo yilabo ababelawula amandla endalo: ilanga, imvula nomhlaba wezitshalo.
Lapha, labo ababezokwenziwa umhlatshelo babegezwa.
Inkolo yabo ichaza ukudalwa komkhathi ngonkulunkulu, okwathi ngemuva kwemizamo emithathu engaphumelelanga, wakwazi ukudala umuntu ngenhlama yommbila. Okokuqala, bekukholelwa ukuthi ngasikhathi sinye nonkulunkulu, okhokho babehlanganyela kuzo zonke izigaba zempilo yansuku zonke neyomndeni.
Inyoka, enezithombe nezithombe zayo ezigcwalisa uChichen Itza, akuyona nje isithombe sesilwane. KuMaya, lolu luhlobo lwesingathekiso. Ngemuva kwakho konke, umzimba wenyoka, lapho unyakaza, uqhathaniswa nokukhukhumala kwentuthu ngemuva kokuzidela ngamalungu ohlonishwa noma wobupristi.
Ngemuva kokuchitheka kwegazi, igazi lomuntu lawela ku-cortex, elabe lishiswa. Bekunenkolelo yokuthi umusi oshunqisayo uthwala imithandazo yalowo ofaka isicelo kokhokho nakunkulunkulukazi, efuna ukuholwa kwabo ukuze baphile olunye usuku kuleli lizwe eliyingozi. Intuthu yeVortex efana nenyoka yayisikhumbuzo sokungafani nokungahleleki kwempilo.
Izimo zezulu ezithandekayo zazibaluleke kakhulu - lokhu kwakusho ukuvuna okuhle.
Ukutshala nokuvuna kwakuyizinto ezazikhathaza imiphakathi nsuku zonke. Ngakho-ke, izimo zezulu ezivumayo nezimvula zazibaluleke kakhulu. Yize kunjalo, imiphumela yesivuno esibi: indlala, ukufa, kanye nokubuya kokuhlupheka nokwesaba.
Ukuxhumana okuyimfihlakalo okuyimfihlakalo kwe-milpero (umlimi) ngommbila, hhayi ukuyisebenzisa kuphela njengendlela yangempela yokuziphilisa nokuziphilisa, kuseseyimpilo yokuphila engafani nhlobo nokungajwayelekile
Abameli abahamba phambili bomphakathi bazidela ngokuzithandela.
Emphemeni wethempeli elingaphakathi, kwatholakala isihlalo esimnyama njenge-jaguar ebomvu, engasebenza njengesihlalo sobukhosi sompristi omkhulu. Esihlalweni bekukhona idiski ye-mosaic turquoise. I-jaguar inombala obomvu, amazinyo enziwe nge-Flint, amehlo namabala emzimbeni wenziwe ngama-disc amancane e-jade.
Ichibi elingcwele laseChichen Itza.
Umhume, obizwa ngeMaya Balamku noma "uNkulunkulu Jaguar", ungomunye wemithunzi yamaChichen Itza, igama lawo lakudala alaziwa. IJaguar yisibalo esiphakathi nenganekwane eMesoamerican nakwezinye izinganekwane zaseMelika, ngenxa yenkolelo yokuthi amandla wesilwane angangena futhi ashiye umhlaba ungafunwa.
Ubumba beMayan lwatholakala ezingxenyeni ezijulile zeBalamku, okwandulelayo ukufika kwamaToltecs okokuqala - idolobha lingaba mdala kakhulu kunalokho obekucatshangwa ngaphambili. Lokhu kutholwa okubalulekile ngokungangabazeki kuzosiza ukubhala kabusha umlando weChichen Itza.
Udonga lwezinsimbi eChichen Itza.
I-Movile ca fauna: Ungaphila kanjani ngokuhlala yedwa iminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezingama-500
Namuhla, abantu abaningi ngokwengeziwe bakwimodi yokuzihlukanisa: abaningi bashintshela emsebenzini okude nokuqeqeshwa, umuntu othile ukhuthele ngokuthenga nokudla okutholakalayo kuyo yonke imicimbi. Abaningi kulokhu kushaqeka futhi ngokuzithandela bajabha.Kepha kunabafana abake baphila ngenenjabulo emuva kokuhlala bodwa iminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezingama-500. Futhi mhlawumbe kungcono kakhulu kunathi.
Ngo-1986, iqembu labakhi baseRomania, elalingekude neTransylvania lathola ngengozi umhume elinamamitha ayi-25. Umlingani wasendaweni owayefunda emihumeni yemvelo (isazi sendawo), uChristian Lasku, ngokushesha wajabula ngepothole entsha emhlabathini. Usosayensi wazicwilisa emsebenzini. Empeleni. Ungene emhumeni ngegiya le-scuba wahamba ngomhubhe, waze wafika egumbini elingaphansi komhlaba, wafika elwandle.
Ekubukeni kokuqala - umgodi ojwayelekile we-limestone onendawo engu-1200 m². Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunuka futhi kuyamangalisa, ngoba kunomoya-mpilo omncane, kepha kuneningi le-hydrogen sulfide kanye ne-ammonia. Kepha uKristiana wayelindele umvuzo wokuhlupheka - ukutholakala kwendawo yonke entsha! Wathola izinhlobo ezingama-33 zezilwane ezintsha!
I-Scorpions, i-leeches, izibungu, imidlwane, kanye nezinye izidalwa ezingenamsoco - bonke baphila ezimweni zokuxhumana ngaphandle kokuxhumana nezwe elingaphandle kweminyaka eyikhulu emhumeni obizwa nge-Movil!
Kodwa akuyona eyabo ukuthi lezi zinambuzane zizicwengezelele ngaphansi kongqimba lwamamentshi amaningi nodaka lokucasha ekuthelelekeni ngegciwane langaphandle, akunjalo? Vele akunjalo. Akekho owababuza ngesiphetho esinje. Eminyakeni eyizigidi ezi-5 ezedlule, bonke laba bafowethu abangazeleleki bathungelana buthule ngaphansi komhlaba wezindawo ezishisayo ezazitholakala eYurophu yanamuhla. I-buzz iqhume ukuzamazama komhlaba. Ngenxa yalokho, ungqimba olukhulu lwe-limestone lwandiza langena emathunjini omhlaba, luhamba nezibungu ezimbalwa kanye nesimila.
Azange bamangale, bazivumelanise nezimo futhi baqhubeka nokuphila, yize tiger eziningana eduze nesihogo. Ngaleyo minyaka enentshebe, babesenethuba lokukhanya. Kepha eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezingama-500 eyedlule, ubumba lwangena ngaphansi kwelimestone engaphansi komhlaba. Wangcwaba zonke izilwane ngaphansi kwakhe.
Kepha ama-invertebrates awazange acabange nokufa! Ngemuva kokuphefumula ku-hydrogen sulfide ne-methane, beza nomqondo omuhle kakhulu - ukwakha owethu, ozimele we-ecosystem! Ekugcineni, kukhona ukufudumeza kulomgodi - sibonga iziphethu ezishisayo ezishisa njalo emgedeni zingama-21 degrees, abafowethu ngeshwa ngokuzalanisa nakho kwehlile, yini enye edingekayo ekuziphendukeleni okuphumelelayo?
Okokuqala, izilwane kwadingeka zijwayele ukuze zimise ubumnyama. Uma bekusongela ukuthi ucishe amalambu, khona-ke lapho uhlala wedwa uzokwazi ukukhokhela izindlu nezinsiza zomphakathi ku-Intanethi. Futhi amamilaydi awakwazanga ukwenza iqhinga elifanayo ngokubuya kwelanga. Ngakho-ke, bakhula i-tendril - insiza ethatha indawo yamehlo abo. Ngiyabonga kuye, izidalwa ezingaphansi komhlaba zibona umhlaba ngokusebenzisa ukunyakaza komoya.
Ngisho nezakhamizi zakule ndawo zahlela ezazo izinxanxathela zokudla - i-buckwheat, njengoba ungacabanga, zazingenaso isikhathi sokuyithela. Isixhumanisi esiphansi kunazo zonke se-Movil chain chain ngama-bacteria we-autotrophic. Njengezitshalo, ziguqula amaminerali abe yinto e-organic, zona uqobo idla ngayo. Kepha uma izitshalo zasemhlabeni zidinga amandla elanga kulobu buthakathi, khona-ke ama-analogues endawo, ancishwe injabulo enjalo, sebenzisa i-hydrogen sulfide, ebanzi emgedeni.
Isikhunta esimboza izindonga ze-sarcophagus ye-limestone sidla la magciwane, wona-ke adliwa isopods “se-herbivorous” sendawo, ikholomu, izintwala zokhuni kanye nawofezela bamanga. Ngenxa yalokhu, lonke leli doli elidlekayo lisesiswini sikamayipha, izicabucabu, ama-crustaceans, iminenke nezikhwebu.
Ngicabanga ukuthi ngeke umangale uma ngithi yonke le minyaka eyi-idyll ingaqothulwa ngomzuzu owodwa ubukhona bomuntu. Inqubo yokuphefumula kwe-speleologist-diver Lasku isivele yathuthukisa ukulingana kokuqalwa kwegesi emgedeni. Ngisho ososayensi bavunyelwe kuphela ukufinyelela amahora ama-2, izikhathi ezi-2 ngenyanga ngabacwaningi abathathu ezimfanelweni zomoya.
Ngakho-ke, bangane, ukuzihlukanisa akusona isigwebo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilwane ze-Movilka Cave ngokuvamile ngeke zifune ukuxhumana nomhlaba ongaphandle, zizophila kamnandi ngaphandle kwe-coronavirus yakho. umthombo
Ukuzalwa kwempumulo ekhuphukile. Le moto ayizange iwine umjaho owodwa, kepha yashintsha ngokuphelele ubuso beFomula 1
Ngo-1989, abaklami uHarvey Postlethwaite noJean-Claude Mizhot, abashiya uFerrari, baqala ukusebenza eqenjini likaKen Tyrrel.Umphumela wokukhandleka kwabo endaweni entsha bekuyimodeli engu-019. Le moto ihlukaniswe yisixazululo esingajwayelekile sokukhala kwempumulo. Maduze nje ikhala eliphenduliwe lizokopishwa bonke ababambe iqhaza ku-F1.
Isimangalo esisha esinamandla, ukushintshwa obekusanda kuhlehliswa ku-2022, kuzoshintsha ukubukeka okujwayelekile kwezimoto zeForomula 1. Phakathi kokunye, amaphiko angaphambili manje asazonamathiselwa ngqo ekhaleni lokuphelelwa ngaphandle kwama-pylons. Kubalandeli abanolwazi, lokhu ngokuqinisekile kuzokukhumbuza ngemiklamo yeminyaka yama-80s ngasekupheleni kwama-90s.
Kepha kusukela endaweni yokubukwa kochwepheshe kuma-aerodynamics, lokhu kusho ukulahleka kwethuluzi elisebenza kakhulu. Lo mklamo, ozovinjwa ngo-2022, wenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukukhiqiza ukwehla ngokuvumela ukuhamba komoya ngaphansi komshini ohlangothini lomugqa wesikhungo.
Le ndlela yaqala ukusetshenziswa ngo-1990. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho iqembu laseTyrrell lalungiselela imodeli engu-019, eyayikudlala esigabeni sesithathu se-Imola ubuqhawe. Le moto ayilethi ukunqoba okuphezulu - ngaphandle kwemiphumela yesibili kaJean Alesi eMonaco, konke bekukhawulelwe ekuqedeni okumbalwa endaweni yesithupha.
Kepha lapha lo mqondo obekwe kuwo ubeka umhleli wokuthuthuka wayo yonke iFomula 1 amashumishumi eminyaka ezayo. Lesi isigaxa sekhala eliphakanyisiwe. Ku-F1, uthole igama lesidlaliso "ekhaleni eligudluzekile."
UHarvey Postlethwaite noJean-Claude Mizhot bashiya uMaranello ngemuva kokushona kuka-Enzo Ferrari - abaholi beqembu abasha banquma ukuvuselela abasebenzi. Bobabili baqoqe imibono eminingi ethokozisayo ngesikhathi somsebenzi wabo weScuderia ongakwazanga ukutholwa ngenxa yokulondolozwa kukaFerrari.
Njengoba uMijo ekhumbula, yona kanye imicabango yokuqala ngekhono lokukhulisa "ikhala" lemoto yeza kuye ngenkathi esebenza eRenault. Ngemuva kwalokho ngakwazi ukuvivinya.
“Kubukeka sengathi lo bekungumbono wokugcina engiwuzamile eRenault,” kusho lo mklami. - Lokho kwakungo-1985. Sike isikebhe esikhulu esingezansi kwe-monocoque - sabona ukuthuthuka okuthile kulo msele omubi womoya, engingasawukhohlwa. Kodwa-ke, kungekudala iqembu lavalwa, futhi kwadingeka ukuthi ngifune omunye umsebenzi. ”
UMizhau uqhubeke wathi: “Ngaleso sikhathi, igama lami lalingaziwa muntu. Kuyamangaza ukuthi ngithole ucingo luvela kuFerrari. Lapho, ngahlangana noHarvey Postlethwaite. Ngemuva kwalokho sisebenze ndawonye iminyaka eyishumi, sashintsha amaqembu amaningana. ”
Lapho onjiniyela ababili besuka eScuderia bafudukela eTyrrell base, eyayisezindaweni zamapulangwe ezindala eSurrey (ukuthengwa kwamafutha nokuthengisa kwakuyibhizinisi lomndeni likaKen nabafowabo eminyakeni yempi yangemva kwempi), isinyathelo sokuqala kwakuwukukhulisa imodeli engu-018 yesizini engu-89.
Abaqambi banqume ukwakha kumidwebo we-chassis, eyabandakanyeka ngaphambi kokushiya uFerrari. Benze lula, benza kwaba lula ukuqondiswa, futhi futhi bashintsha nokumiswa kwangaphambili.
Umphumela waba muhle impela: eMexico, uMichele Alberto uqede elesithathu, elethela iqembu ipuleti yokuqala kusukela ngo-1983 (ngesikhathi yena ewina eDetroit). Ngaphezu kwalokho isipiliyoni somshayeli wase-Italy saba wusizo olukhulu ekwakhiweni komshini.
Kuyiqiniso ukuthi uMichele maduze waxoshwa - uTyrrel umeme inkanyezi ekhuphukayo egama linguJean Alesi eqenjini lakhe phakathi nenkathi. Ngaphezu kwesivinini, umholi ngaleso sikhathi weFomula 3000 wayexhaswe ngemali nguR.J. UReynolds - Kuvele ama-logo we-Camel emotweni.
UmFulentshi uqede umjaho wokuqala elesine, kanti e-Surrey, ngakolunye uhlangothi, umsebenzi usuqalile kumodeli 019. Ukuphela kwawo okungasemuva kuhlala kungashintshile, kepha umphambili ...
Kusukela ekuqaleni, uMijo noPostlethwaite basebenze besebenzisa idatha evela emhubheni womoya, bevumelana ne-University of Southampton. Kepha ngonyaka wokuqala, isikhathi sokuhlolwa asikafiki. Kepha ngenkathi kudalwa u-019, uJean-Claude wanquma ukusebenzisa umqondo wokukhipha impumlo okhuphukile, owavula indlela eqonde emoyeni ngaphansi kwezansi.
“UJean [Alesi] wasithola ngokushesha ulimi esijwayelekile sine-018,” kuchaza uMizhot. -Lokhu kube ngenye impikiswano ngathi esekela iqiniso lokuthi konke sikwenza ngendlela efanele.
Ngalinda unyaka wonke ukuthola ithuba lokushaya imodeli ngakhala elikhulukazi epayipini. Kepha ngenxa yalokhu, konke kucishe kwaquleka, ngoba kudinga ukuthi kubhekwe izinto ezimbalwa eziphuthumayo. Ekugcineni, konke kwafika kuKen, owayengajabuli: “Bheka, ungumuntu ohlakaniphile waseFrance, angikukhokheli ukuthi wenze into eyisiphukuphuku lapha. Yini le engiyibonile kumhlangano wokusebenzela? ”
Ngingaphendula nje: "Ngiyacela, ukubekezela kancane, sifuna ukuvivinya yonke into ngempelasonto ezayo." Sibe nomhlane ozinzile, futhi inguqulo yokuqala yephiko yayifana naleyo eyenziwe eBenetton ngonyaka olandelayo - ngamaphimbo okuma mpo, okwakulula ukwakheka.
Kepha ekugcineni, sasesizinze kuma-pylons e-diagonal. Abazange banikeze noma iyiphi inzuzo, ukukhetha kwenziwa ngezizathu zobuhle.
Ekuqaleni, sasisenayo into eqondile phakathi kwama-pylons. Lakanye ebusika, sazama ukuyishiya futhi ngokushesha sabona ukwanda okukhulu. Ukuhlehliswa kwenyuka kakhulu, ngathi: “Kubukeka sengathi kukhona okuphukile epayipini. Sibheke konke. ” Kepha konke bekuhlelekile ngokuphelele. Esikhundleni sezinkinga, sinqobile.
Ngicabanga ukuthi ukube angisebenzanga hhayi noHarvey, kepha nangomunye umdwebi oyinhloko, uzobiza umqondo wokuphakamisa imilenze yomgibeli ubuhlanya ngokuphelele. Ngemuva kwakho konke, inyusa isikhungo sesisindo, i-chassis iba phezulu nakho konke lokho. Ngingatshelwa nje ukuthi ngikhiphe lokhu ekhanda lami. Kepha uHarvey uphendule wathi uma kukhona umphumela ku-payipi, kuzodingeka uhlole umkhondo. "
Kamuva, ekwethulweni kwemoto, uPostltwaite uqobo ume ngophiko oluphambili lwemoto ukukhombisa amandla ayo - amahlebezi mayelana nokuqina kwesakhiwo kuza ngemuva kokuthi egqekeze umbuthano wokuqala osheshayo weSilverstone.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-splitter (into engezansi engaphansi kokuqhafaza) idluliselwe phambili ukuze ingephuli imithetho ye-FIA kuJiyomethri yaphansi. Kamuva, iqhinga elifanayo laqala ukusetshenziswa ngenkuthalo kwamanye amaqembu amukela umqondo weTyrrell.
Imoto entsha ikhishwe kuphela esigabeni sesithathu sesizini-90. Kuliqiniso, nangaphambi kwalokho, iqembu elisele le-Alesi lenza umsindo omningi lapho, esondweni le-018 elidala, wayengumholi ePhoenix yaseMelika isikhathi eside. Umgwaqo omkhulu wedolobha onamajika amaningi ahamba kancane unxephezelwa ngobuthakathaka benjini yeFord. Kungemva nje komzabalazo omunyu, umFulentshi waphuthelwa u-Ayrton Senna eMcLaren, ewina indebe yokuqala yomklomelo emsebenzini wakhe.
Umjaho wokuqala 019 ubuye waphumelela impela: e-Imola, uJean waqala wesikhombisa waqeda owesithupha. Phambili bekuyisiteji kwenye ithrekhi ehamba kancane eMonaco.
Ngenxa ye-aerodynamics esebenza kahle nokumiswa kwangaphambi kwalokho, u-Alesi wakwazi ukulawula lo mshini ngokunembile, okwamvumela ukuthi abe owesithathu kuziqu, futhi emncintiswaneni, njengasePhoenix, azitholela uSenna kuphela.
Isikimu sokumiswa esine-absorber eyodwa yokushaqisayo besingeyona esikahle ezindaweni ezihamba ngesivinini esikhulu, kepha ezingxenyeni ezihamba kancane sakwazi ukuqondisa imoto ngokunembe kakhulu. Lokhu kuhambisane kahle nesitayela sokushayela izindiza somFulentshi, owathi kuze kube sekupheleni komsebenzi wakhe wakhetha lokhu kuziphatha kwezimoto.
Kepha into ethokozisayo yikuthi ekumiselweni phambili kweTirrell kwaba ngesinye isisombululo esiguqukayo sokuthi ngisho nabaholi be-F1 abavela e-Williams basebenzise kuphela iminyaka emibili kamuva - kumodeli yabo ye-FW14B engakholeki.
"Ngicabanga ukuthi akekho owaziyo lokhu," kusho uJean-Claude Mizhot. - Kwakungaphambi kokuvela kokumiswa okusebenzayo. Ngaphambi kwethu kwemoto bekuyindlela kagesi evumela umgibeli ukukhuphula noma ukwehlisa ekhaleni lemoto ngaphakathi kwamamitha ambalwa ngaphambi kokujika ngakunye. Lokhu kusinikeze ukuguquguquka ekukhetheni izilungiselelo.
Okuwukuphela kokuwothusayo futhi kwakunamaqhinga awo. Singashintsha ukuqina kwaso ngokuya ngomthwalo, senze izici zithuthuke noma zihle. Kumathrekhi ahamba kancane afana neMonaco noma iPhoenix, ukumiswa kusebenze ngokumangazayo. "
UTyrrell uphinde wasiza amathayi emfundo ePirelli: ngemiGqibelo babeyizikhali ezinkulu.Maye, ukubonwa komjaho akuzange kubukeke kukhulu kakhulu ebangeni elide, kuphoqa u-Alesi ukuthi avikele njalo izikhundla azikhethele izimbangi ezisheshayo zeziqu.
Umqeqeshi owasebenza naye ndawonye ngesizini engu-90 uSatoru Nakajima. UTyrrel uthathe abaseJapan eqenjini ukuyoxoxisana neHonda ngokuhlinzekwa kwezinjini. UNakajima naye uthole amaphuzu amahlandla ambalwa - impumelelo enkulu yeSatoru, vele, yayiyindawo yesithupha kwiSuzuka (okuyi-alas, ebijulile esithunzini sesinye isithixo se-aguri Suzuki yaseLarrousse).
Ukuphela kwesizini kwathathwa ngu-Adelaide wase-Australia, lapho ukuphenduka kancane futhi kwavumela i-019 ukukhombisa izimfanelo zabo ezinhle. Kepha u-Alesi wagula kakhulu umkhuhlane. Futhi yize owaseFrance eqale isihlanu, ngebanga uJean waphulukana nesikhundla sakhe futhi ngenxa yalokho waqeda kancane isishiyagalombili ngokugoba emlenzeni wakhe wesokudla. Futhi uNakajima engxenyeni yesibili yebanga wayengenamabhuleki.
Ngonyaka olandelayo, uTyrrell wayeselungiselele imodeli engu-020, okwakungukuthuthuka kwemibono kaMijo noPostlwait. Izinguquko ezinkulu zithinte ngemuva, lapho kwakudingeka khona ukufaka injini yeHonda.
Kodwa-ke, umsunguli we "khala omkhulu "walishiya iqembu ekupheleni kuka-1990. Ekanye nonjiniyela waseFrance, uTyrrell ushiye u-Alesi, owathola isimemo kuFerrari. Ehlobo elilandelayo, uPostltwaite naye washiya uSurrey - wajoyina uSauber, ngaleso sikhathi owayengumholi emjahweni wezimoto wezimoto futhi owayelungiselela udweshu lwakhe kuF1.
Noma ngabe kunjani, isenzo senziwa. Sekuwunyaka ngemuva kokuvela kuka-019, imishini efanayo ngomqondo yakhiwa eBenetton, eJordani naseFoatwork / Arrows. Futhi ngesizini engu-96, kwakungekho noyedwa osele ku-peloton ozosebenzisa uhlelo lwangaphambili.
Indaba yonke ithole ukuqhubeka okumangazayo ngemuva kweminyaka ecishe ibe yishumi. Ngaleso sikhathi, uJean-Claude Miggio wakwazi ukubuyela eFerrari, ukusuka lapho waya eFondmetal Technologies, umnikazi wesikhathi esizayo weMinardi, uGabriele Rumi - wabe esebenza njengomeluleki wezobuchwepheshe emaqenjini ambalwa, kufaka phakathi uTyrrell, Benetton noMinardi.
Kamuva, umqambi akakwazanga ukukhokha inkontileka. Umnikazi weqembu, uPaul Stoddart, wanikeza umFulentshi enye yamakhisidi 019. Inhloko kaMinardi yathengela iningi lezimpahla zikaTyrrell lapho eshiya iFomula 1, ukuze leyo moto ifane ngqo naseStoddart. Futhi emva kweminyaka eminingi, waphinde weza kumakhi wakhe.
“Ngicabanga ukuthi ngeke bangikhokhele,” kuchaza uMijo. - Futhi le ndlela ibiyindlela enhle yokuphuma. Bengazi ukuthi uStoddart unakho konke okuqhamuka eTrisrell, okubandakanya zonke izimoto ezazisele. Ngamtshela: “Ngiyazi ukuthi awufuni ukukhokha kanjani, kodwa unokuthile okuzosivumela ukuba sihlangane izandla. Ngabe unayo imoto engingathanda ukuba nayo endaweni yami. Ibizwa 019.
Ngakho ngathola leyo moto. Kwadlula iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-15 emi endlini yami, ngangimhlola njalo ekuseni. Kepha eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ngangisayithengisela u-Alesi. Futhi uma ngifika kuye e-Avignon, ngimbona lapho. UJean wabuye wathola i-F92 evela kuDi Montezemlo (imodeli kaFerrari eyakhiwe nguMizhot futhi kwavela ukuthi ayiphumelelanga - ed.) Lapho eshiya iScuderia. Kuyavela ukuthi wahlanganisa iqoqo lezimoto engizakhile. "
Isikhala
Cishe ubusuku obubili. Ngisukume ngaphasi kwangaphansi kwesibhakela ngaphuma ngaya ku -venue. Kusele imizuzu emihlanu ukuya ekhaya. Ngihamba ngomgwaqo, ngabona inja enkulu ilele eceleni kwendlela. Inja yaphenduka ikhanda yangibuka ngamehlo agcwele izinhlungu. Angazi ukuthi walala isikhathi esingakanani lapha, alahlwe yisigaxa somsizi, kepha indoda empofu ayikwazanga ngisho ukukhala. Ngingakusiza kanjani? Ngabe ulwela imoto? Shayela ucingo i-ambulensi? Ngabheka ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe-avenue ngabona isiphambano eluhlaza ekhemisi elenziwa umsebenzi
"Manje sithandwa, linda ..."
Kwafika usokhemisi oneminyaka ephakathi nendawo. Wavula iwindi futhi waliphonsa ngokungathandeki.
- Uyabona, mngani, badubule inja lapho. ... Amanga lapho, uyazi, uyafa ...
Ngokuthula nangobubi wangibuka ngokusebenzisa izibuko.
- Kungani ungeyona indoda, noma okuthile! Akakwazi ngisho ukukhala! Sidinga ukusiza.
Kunokuthile okwakubhalwe emehlweni akhe, wavuma ngekhanda, wangiphonsa “njengamanje”, wanyamalala emathunjini ekhemisi.
Wabuya ngokushesha ephethe ama-ampoules amabili nesirinji
- Ungazikhohlisa? Wabuza, edonsa isandla sakhe nemali.
- Yebo, benginenja, ngithukile. - Ngabamba izidakamizwa ngabalekela inja. Ubengilindile. Futhi walala, waguqula ikhanda walinda. Ngabe sengibona ukuthi angikwazi ukukala ikhambi kwisirinji. Ngabuka ngapha nangapha.Ngokuphikisana nesizinda sobusuku besakhiwo, ingubo yomakhemisi yayimhlophe futhi ishunqa ukukhanya kogwayi wakhe. Ukugijima emuva.
- Ukudayela ... Nginesisindo ...
Wathatha umuthi ngesizotha. Ngokudonsa kweminwe yakhe wangqongqoza uketshezi esiqongweni se-ampoules, walisonga ngengubo, wawephula bobabili ngasikhathi sinye. Ngemuva kwalokho wakhipha isirinji wakhipha ngokushesha uketshezi.
- Uqinisile, uthukile, uqinisekile? Wabuza futhi.
- Yebo Yebo. Shesha.
Ngibambe isirinji, ngagijimela kuyinja. Esondela, waguqa phansi wabeka isandla entanyeni yakhe. Wagobisa ikhanda wazama ukukhotha isandla sami.
"Kancane manje, manje ..." Ehlisa emuva i-scruff, wethule inaliti wacindezela umtshali. Isilwane sathuthumela kancane ngomzimba waso wonke futhi sakhathala.
Ngakhipha isirinji, ngalifaka ephaketheni lami ngayihlwitha inja. Amathambo aphukile azwakala ngaphansi kwejazi eliminyene.
- Well, manje, kufanele ukuthi kuzizwe kangcono, - Ulale ngaphandle kokunyakaza. Ngiphakamise ikhanda lakhe ngimbheka emehlweni. Ubuhlungu abusekho. Uphile ngokuphila.
- Wazizwa engcono, wahamba ngaphandle kobuhlungu. Wenze konke ongakwenza - ngezwa isandla somkhemisi esihlombe sami. "Usuqedile, manje myeke, ungcono manje kunathi sonke." Woza kimi, kukhona ezinye zezingane ku-zashashnik ...
Angiphuzanga, ngangazi ukuthi ngakusasa ekuseni ngemuva kwesondo. Kuphela manje, ngidlula lapho kwakulele khona inja, ngibona ibala elimnyama lishiywe ngumzimba wakhe bese ngicabanga ukuthi yini engingamenzela yona? Futhi sizophuza nakanjani nosokhemisi.
Izinja eziyisithupha zasendle emgqeni wakho
Inja ebunjiwe yi-Hyena nemidlwane yayo:
I-Victory Technologies: I-Welding Ezenzakalelayo yeTank Corps
Enye yezinkinga ezinkulu ekwakhiweni kwama-hull kanye nemibhoshongo yamathangi aphakathi kwe-T-34 kwakuwukwakhiwa kwama-crack ezindaweni lapho izingxenye zazikhonazelwa. Into yobunzima obukhulu bezembatho ze-8C, lapho izinyembezi ezincane noma ama-microcracks akha eduze ne-weld. Ukuba khona kwengcindezi eyinsalela ngemuva kokufaka insimbi okokuqala ngqa ngemuva kokukhiqizwa kwemoto enezikhali akuzange kuzenze kuzizwe, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwavela imifantu efinyelela ku-500 mm ubude. Konke lokhu, ngokweqiniso, kunciphise ukumelana okunamandla kwezikhali zempi zamathangi. Ukuxazulula le nkinga, ngokushesha ngemuva kokuhlela ukukhiqizwa kwamabhizinisi abalekile, engxenyeni yesibili yonyaka we-1942, ochwepheshe abavela e-Armored Institute (TsNII-48) kanye ne-Institute of Electric Welding yase-USSR Academy of Sciences babandakanyeka. Ucwaningo lwenziwa emabhizinisini amabili: i-Ural Tank Plant No. 183 eNizhny Tagil kanye nase-Ural Heavy Engineering Plant eSverdlovsk. Sekukonke, ukusuka ngoJulayi kuya ku-Okthoba, ososayensi be-metallurgists kanye nezinto zokwakha bafunda ukwakheka kwe-crack ngesikhathi sokushisa kwezingxenye zezikhali ezingaba ngu-9 500. Inhloso yalolu cwaningo bekuwukuthola ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali okuhle kakhulu kwezembatho ze-8C. Kwavela ukuthi ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yezembatho kulesi simo kwakuyikhabhoni. Uma okuqukethwe kwayo ezingalweni bekungaphezu kwe-0.25%, ubunzima bendawo elukhuni endaweni ye-weld bukhuphuka kakhulu, okuholele ekuthini aqhekeke.
Kodwa ukuqinisekisa okuqukethwe okuphansi kangako kwekhabhoni ngensimbi enezikhali ngesikhathi sokuthula kwakungelula, kodwa ngesikhathi sempi ngokuvamile kwabonakala kungenakwenzeka. Izinguquko ezincane "zokugcotshwa" kumjikelezo we-welding ngokusebenzisa ama-electenitic electrodes, uhlelo oluningi lwe-roll weld kanye ne-knot tempot ephansi ngemuva kokufaka i-weld kwenza ukuthi kuphakamise umkhawulo ophezulu wokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ku-0,28% kuphela. Ngale ndlela, embonini yamathangi aseJalimane abezwanga ngezidingo ezibucayi kangaka zezikhali zetangi - ngokwesilinganiso, isilinganiso sekhabhoni sasisebangeni le-0,4-0,5%. Isixazululo senkinga yokubonakala kokuqhekeka endaweni eshisayo yayiwukushisa kokuqala kwalezi zingxenye kuya kuma-degree angama-150-200 Celsius ngokuzithoba okubandayo okwenziwe ngemuva kwezingxenye ngemuva kokushisela amabanga angama-100 imizuzu engama-30. Ngale njongo, kwasungulwa izindiza ezikhethekile e-Armor Institute enikezela ukufudumeza kwendawo yezingxenye zempi endaweni yokusika igesi noma ku-weld. E-Ural Heavy Engineering Plant, ama-inductors ayesetshenziselwa ukushisa umgexo wengxenye yangaphambili ngezinhlangothi nophahla, futhi nalapho kusikwa izimbobo zokulinganisa ezingxenyeni ezinzima zamathangi. Ngakho-ke, inkinga yokwakhiwa kokuqhekeka ngesikhathi sokuthathwa kwamapulangwe wezikhali eziphakathi kwekhabhoni yaxazululwa. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umkhuba wesitshalo seSverdlovsk wanwetshelwa kwezinye izitshalo zamathangi.
NgoJulayi 1941, ngomyalo woMkhandlu Wabantu Wabantu, i-Institute of Electric Welding ye-USSR Academy of Sciences yathuthela eNizhny Tagil.Yingakho i-Uralvagonzavod yaqala ukufakwa i-othomathikhi ye-arc welding yamathangi amathangi ngaphansi kweflux. Kuliqiniso, lobu buchwepheshe baziwa ngaphambili, kepha iqembu lesazi u-Evgeny Oskarovich Paton kanye nabasebenzi beCentral Research Institute-48 bakwazile ukuvumelanisa nezinsimbi ezenzelwe ukushisa. Omunye wososayensi abavelele aba nesandla ekuthuthukiseni i-welding armored kwakunguVladimir Ivanovich Dyatlov. Yena, kanye nabasebenzi beKomintern Kharkov Plant, baxazulule inkinga yokuqhekeka engalweni yezikhali ngesikhathi sokufaka insimbi ngokungenisa i-low-carbon wire echibini le-weld (okunye kulokhu kulokhu ngezansi). Ngo-1942, usosayensi, owokuqala emhlabeni, wabona umnyombo wokuziqondisa kwezinqubo ze-arc nge-elektrode encibilikayo, okwenza wakwazi ukwenza lula ukwakheka kwezindlela zokuphakela zemishini yokufudumeza. Futhi, ngenxa yalokhu, bekunokwenzeka ukudala amakhanda we-welding elula alula, athembekile futhi ashibhile. Ngaphandle kwe-Dyatlov, bekungeke kwenzeke ukuthi kudaleke ama-fluxes asebenza kahle asuselwa ku-slag kusuka kumalahle avuthayo we-Ashinsky Metallological Plant, ayebizwa nge- "ShA slag fluxes". Kusukela ngo-Okthoba 1943, usosayensi wahola elabhorethri ye-Uralvagonzavod eshisayo futhi uhlale kulesi sikhundla kuze kube ngu-1944, waze wadluliselwa eCentral Research Institute of Shipbuild Technologies.
Kepha emuva ku-T-34 edume kakhulu, ebingasoze yaba ithangi elinamandla kangako ukube bekungeyona eyokuzenzekela okuzenzakalelayo kwayo (imibhoshongo) ezenzakalelayo yayo ezitsheni zayo eziphethwe ezitshalweni ezingunombolo 183 ne-UZTM. Ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yokufaka i-othomathikhi kwenza ukuthi kunciphise isikhathi sokushisela ngezikhathi ezi-3-6,5. Ngaso leso sikhathi, kwakusetshenziswa okungenani amamitha angama-40 aqondile we-seams welding kumdlalo ngamunye wethangi.
Ngaphezu kwe-T-34, i-welding ye-Academist Paton yayisetshenziswa efektri enezinombolo No. 200 eChelyabinsk. Ngosizo lwayo, kwakuphekwe phansi umthamo wethangi le-KV, lapho ingqikithi yayingamamitha ayi-15 omugqa womshini ngomshini ngamunye. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi i-automation yezingubo zensimbi yenze ikwazi ukuheha izisebenzi ezinamakhono aphansi ukuba zikhiqize - amakhosi okufudumeza kuyo yonke impi ayeshoda ngokungagulisi. Kusukela ngoJulayi 1942, kuye kwasakazwa ithangi elihlukile eNizhny Tagil lapho kwakusebenza khona izingxenye ezingama-19 ezizenzakalelayo ze-arc welding. Hlaziya isilinganiso sezinto ezintsha - kuvunyelwe ukukhipha amanye ama-welders asezingeni eliphakeme angama-280 kweminye imisebenzi, esikhundleni sawo anezisebenzi ezingama-57 ezinamakhono aphansi. Isazi u-Yevgeny Oskarovich Paton uqobo, esikhumbuzweni esibhekiswe kunobhala womnyango wezimboni yamathangi ekomidi lesifunda laseSverdlovsk le-CPSU (B.) NgoMashi 1942, wakhuluma ngokusetshenziswa kokwethulwa kokuzenzekelayo (isicaphuna encwadini kaN. Melnikov ethi "Imboni Yezimboni ye-USSR ngesikhathi seMpi enkulu yePatriotic"):
"Ngenxa yokukhiqizwa okuphezulu kwe-welding ye-othomathikhi ephezulu ngaphansi kwengqimba ye-flux, imigomo yokutholwa kwezidumbu izoncipha kakhulu, kanti ukusetshenziswa kwabasebenzi, ugesi ne-wire electrode kuzokwehla."
Ukuqhathanisa isikhathi esisetshenziswe kwi-welding ye-manual and automated kungatholakala ezinqolobaneni zesakhiwo sombukiso se-OAO NPK Uralvagonzavod. Ngokuhambisana nabo, i-welding, ngokwesibonelo, isigaba esinqamula phezulu sombhoshongo we-T-34, i-welder ithatha isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora amahlanu, kanti i-automated welding ibhekana nalokhu ngemizuzu nje engama-40. Amajoyinti asezansi esebenzisa i-welding enezandla abilisiwe emahoreni amathathu, nakwimodi ezenzakalelayo - ngehora elilodwa.
Ngeke kushiwo ukuthi imishini yokufaka i-automatic welding ivele ebusuku ezakhiweni zomhlangano zomkhakha wamathangi waseSoviet. Okokuqala, isabelo se-welding yemibhalo yesandla sasesiphezulu kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwemikhiqizo enezikhali, futhi okwesibili, ekuqaleni, ngobuchwepheshe uqobo, hhayi yonke into ebushelelezi. Kwakungeke kunikeze i-weld izinga elidingekayo lokudonsa - ngemuva kokupholisa, kwaba nzima futhi kwakunzima. Lokhu, ngokweqiniso, kukuthinte kabi kabi ukumelana okunguqobo kwesikhali.Ngemuva kokuhlaziya izizathu, kwavela ukuthi konke lokhu bekucishe kufinyelele ekujuleni kokufakwa kwensimbi ehlanganisiwe, kuxutshwa insimbi yocingo ngensimbi yensimbi nokuqakatheka okukhulu kwensimbi ye-weld. Amaqembu avela ku-TsNII-48 aholwa ngu-I. F. Sribny kanye ne-Institute of Welding, eholwa ngu-V. I. Dyatlov, okukhulunywe ngaye ngenhla, ahlongoza futhi ahlola izindlela ezilandelayo zokufaka insimbi yempi "eyisihlubuki" eyi-8C kanye ne-2P. Okokuqala, lokhu kufakwa kwe-welding okuhlukahlukene, lapho umshini uxhuma izingxenye ukuthi zizothambisa ngezinyathelo eziningana. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukungena okuncane kokuhlangana kanye nokwakhiwa komthungo oqinile futhi omile. Kuyacaca ukuthi le ndlela ayiyona esebenza kahle ngesikhathi sezimpi: noma kunjalo, ukushisa nge-multi-pass kudinga isikhathi esiningi uma kuqhathaniswa nokudlula okukodwa.
Indlela yesibili evela kuCentral Research Institute-48 kanye ne-Institute of Welding kwakubeka ucingo ngensimbi emincane ekusikeni amalunga ukunciphisa “ukufakwa” kwensimbi yezikhali. Ngenxa yalokhu, umthungo ngemuva kokuphola waba ipulasitiki eningi, ucingo lanciphisa kakhulu izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi komthungo kodwa lwaphinde lwaphindeka kabili ukukhiqiza kwemishini yokufudumeza. Lokhu kwaba yindlela ephumelela kunazo zonke, kamuva eyathuthukiswa. Indlela entsha yokufaka intambo "ezintanjeni ezimbili", lapho i-wire (filler) yesibili, engaxhunyiwe emthonjeni wamanje, ifakwe kubhavu lomthungo nge-engele ukuya ocingo lwe-electrode. Ukuhanjiswa kanye nobubanzi bocingo lwesibili kwabalwa ukuze inani lensimbi elifakwe kulo lilingane nenani lensimbi elivela ku-wirerode wire efakiwe, okungukuthi, ububanzi bocingo lwesibili kufanele lilingane nobubanzi bezingcingo ze-electrode futhi ijubane labo le-feed kufanele lifane. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yesidingo sokuguqula amakhanda azenzakalelayo asuke ekunikezeni uthingo owodwa kuya ekondleni amabili, ukuqaliswa kwale ndlela kwahlehliswa futhi kwafakwa enye indlela nge-bar stocking. Noma kunjalo, kakade ngoJuni - Julayi 1942, le ndlela yayisetshenziswa efektri enguNombolo 183 lapho kufakwa ibhetshu lamashidi aphansi ekhaleni lethangi lomshini wensimbi.
Ubunzima ngokushintshwa kwe-welding of tank Corps (imibhoshongo) nakho bekuyipulani yenhlangano. Kuhle ukukhumbula ukuthi imishini yokufaka i-welding ayizange ihlanganiswe nguchungechunge futhi, empeleni, yayingumkhiqizo womshayeli wendiza owenziwe umshayeli we-Institute of Welding. Lokhu kuchaza ukuhamba kancane ekwakhiweni kobuchwepheshe obusha embonini yamathangi. Ngakho-ke, ngasekupheleni kuka-1942, kwakukhona imishini yokufaka i-othomathikhi engama-30 kuye kwangama-35 kuphela efektri yamathangi, okuyinto, ngokwemvelo, eyayinganele. Ngakho-ke, iPeople's Commissar I.M. Zaltsman iyale nge-oda No. 200c yangoMashi 28, 1943 uku-oda ngokungeziwe amayunithi angama-7 okuzenzakalelayo we-welding efektri uNo. 183 kuze kube maphakathi noMeyi, imishini eyi-8 ezenzakalelayo e-Ural Heavy Engineering Plant kuze kube nguJuni 1, futhi idinga ukuthi amayunithi ayi-5 ahanjiswe emthini weChelyabinsk ngoJuni 15. Cha. 200. Lesi sinyathelo besingesinye sabaningi abavumela ukuthi imboni yamathangi asekhaya ifinyelele kumigomo ebekiwe yokuqalwa kokukhiqizwa ngaphambili okudingeka kakhulu kwezimoto eziphethe umkhondo.
Ubukhomanisi
Eqinisweni, ubukhomanisi basungulwa eJalimane, kwathi uLindemann wazibeka ethubeni lokubuka imibono. Akumangazi ukuthi ingqikithi yobukhomanisi ivela kaningi kuvidiyo.
Isibonelo, abantu abashaywa ejele ngesikhathi soMbuso WaseJalimane kungenzeka kakhulu ngabasakazi bobuKhomanisi. Kwakunenkathi eMbusweni lapho beshushiswa yiziphathimandla. Okunokwenzeka ukuthi, impi yezimbangi ezimbili iyimpi yemibono emibili emashumini amabili, yobukhomanisi kanye nobuzwe. Izinhlayiya zesimilo sikaLindemann, ezikopishwa yilezo ezigqokwa nguHitler emashumini amabili, ziphakamisa lo mbono.
AmaKhomanisi aphakathi kweziboshwa zasekamu lokuhlushwa. Okokuqala, bona, bashayiwe, bemi ngezintamo zabo emigodini yezithambo, lapho, besendaweni ekhumbuza ukuvukelwa kweziboshwa zamakamu okuhlushwa, badubula izikhulu zamaNazi. Ngesikhathi sokubulawa, amarokhethi asuka ngemuva kokubulawa: imizamo yokwakha ubukhulu egazini.
Ngendlela, yize iJalimane esesithombe se-Reich Yesithathu idutshulwa, ayife, kepha izalwe kabusha njengamaJalimane amabili: iGDR (enophawu lweSoviet capini) neJalimane (esefeni elimenyezelayo). Futhi eyokugcina ithunjwe yiRAF, okuyinhlangano yabashokobezi eshiywe ngokuqinile. Ngokuvamile, izisusa zeJalimane elivusayo njalo kungenye yezinto eziphambili kule vidiyo.
Isikhathi sethu, noma kunjalo, simelelwa abashisekeli bohlobo oluhlukile - ohlakeni, umhlanganyeli wezimbangi uphakamisa umunwe wakhe ekubonakaliseni kwamaSulumane. Kodwa-ke, abaningi babo bathi uhlobo oluthile lobukhomanisi.
Izinja, abapristi nezinkemba ze-laser
Isibonakaliso esibonakalayo esibonakalayo saseJalimane, ngaphandle kokungabaza, siyisikhumbuzo ku-Albrecht Medved, omunye wabaqoqi bamazwe aseJalimane, enqabeni yeSpandau. Le nqaba yayihlala nejele lapho kwakuhlala khona izigebengu zamaNazi.
Ngaphandle kwakhe, sibona ezinye izimpawu ezingekho emthethweni noma, kunalokho, ama-mascots amabili aseJalimane: izinja zemihlambi emibili yaseJalimane. Lokhu kungabelusi baseJalimane, abagcinwa yiJalimane, noLeonberger, ozala iGerman yanamuhla.
Ukuba khona kwabo ohlakeni kungokomfanekiso kakhulu. I-Federal Republic of Germany isivele yahlambalaza abaningi ukuthi empeleni yaba yinhlokodolobha yeReich Reich, yenqaba ukushushisa izigebengu zamaNazi endaweni yayo, eqhubeka nokusebenza njengezikhulu, kubandakanya ezinkulu kakhulu.
U-Leonberger, odalelwa yiJalimane uhlaka, luhlobo lukazwelonke olucishe lwanyamalala ngenxa yokulahleka kokuthandwa. Kepha izinja eziphatha izinja zikwazile ukuvuselela yena. Lokhu kuzalaniswa kokuziqhenya kweJalimane futhi kuye kwaba uphawu olungashiwongo lokusinda kwalo, amandla okuzalwa kabusha ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo.
Izindela zadla iJalimane kwesinye sezimo, kwesinye - zavutha umlilo, kwathi amaNazi atshisa umlilo ezincwadini, emva kwalokho amaKatolika namaNazi bavalelisana. (Ngokumangazayo, lesi sehlakalo asikaze sithathwe sivela eVatican). Eduze kwalesi sehlakalo, sibona abameleli boMbuso kusuka kumaStar Wars abadonse izinkemba ze-laser. Ukuba khona kwabo kukhombisa ngokusobala isimo sikaLindemann maqondana namaNazi neSonto lamaKhatholika, okuyinto, nokho, eyayingeyona imfihlo ngaphambili. Sibona amakholamu okukhanya afana nemishayo ye-laser ezigabeni ezihlukile zesiqeshana, futhi kwesinye sazo siphenduka isikhashana kube izinkemba zezichithi zesiphepho ezinamabibi wamaphoyisa
Ekugcineni, iJalimane indizela ebhokisini likakhrisimasi, njengo-Snow White, umlingiswa womunye wezinganekwane zaseJalimane ezingafani (uma ukhumbula, kamuva waphinda waphila), futhi umbukeli ukhumbula ukuthi usezibone cishe zonke izithombe ezisetshenzisiwe isiqeshana. Cishe kuzo zonke iziqeshana, uRammstein usevele wahlangana ngamunye wabo - kepha manje asongwe ngendlela ehlukile, enza indaba entsha.
Umbhalo: Lilit Mazikina.
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