I-Ptero Double - Iwebhusayithi Yezinyoni Ezibizwa Ngabili * Izinyoni

Send

Isigaba: Izinyoni
I-oda: Passeriformes
Umndeni: Cardinal
Ubulili: Amakhadinali
Ukubuka: Cardinal Red

Igama lesiLatin: Cardinalis Cardinalis
Igama lesiNgisi: Cardinal yaseNyakatho

IHabitat: amazwe asempumalanga ye-USA, eningizimu-mpumalanga yeCanada, iMexico, iBermuda, iHawaii, iseningizimu neCalifornia, eningizimu enwetshiselwa enyakatho yeGuatemala

Imininingwane

Inyoni ekhadinali, UVictoria Cardinal, uVirginia Nightingale, iKhadinali Cardyitha noma iRed Cardinal - umbala ocwebezelayo ocwebezelayo obomvu njengowengoma ehlala eMelika. Lapho leli gama lavela khona licacile ekubonakaleni kwalo - izithunzi ezinjengokubomvu okukhanyayo zibukeka kahle kwizambatho zekhadinali weSonto LamaRoma Katolika abagqoke izingubo ezibomvu ezihlukile nezigqoko. Indawo yokuhlala yemvelo yenyoni eyikhadinali ingamazwe asempumalanga ye-USA kanye nogu oluseningizimu-mpumalanga yeMexico neCanada. Ngo-1700 walethwa eBermuda, lapho athatha khona ngempumelelo izimpande, waqokomisa naseziqhingini zaseHawaii futhi naseningizimu yeCalifornia. Sekungamakhulu amaningi eminyaka, ingeniswa eNtshonalanga Yurophu njengenkukhu exotic. Ngokwemvelo, kuhlala amahlathi ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, izingadi, amapaki, izihlahla. Ihlangana nezindawo ezingama-anthropogenic futhi itholakala ngisho nasemapaki amadolobha amakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, eWashington.

KwabaseMelika baseNyakatho, i-Cardinal yaseNyakatho, njengaseRussia, i-bullfinch. Futhi njengoba eRussia bathanda ukumela i-bullfinch kumakhadi wasebusika, ngakho-ke e-USA naseCanada - ukhadinali. Futhi ngoKhisimusi noNyaka Omusha ukuba khona kwale nyoni ebomvu kubonakala kakhulu njengoSanta uqobo, umdubuli weqhwa uFrosty, inyamazane ebomvu enamehlo uRudolph. Isimo sale feathery lapho singakhombisi khona: okokuqala, ngokuthinta amakhadi kaKhisimusi, ngopende, kumapaneli, kumawindi anezingilazi, amapuleti okuhlobisa, emaphepheni, kuma-mugs nasezingilazini - ngeke ubhale konke. Amakhadinali abekezelela ubusika obubandayo kahle, awadikibali: ngenkathi ungeke ubone ezinye izinyoni, lezi zinhlavu ezibomvu ezifudumele eziqhweni ezimhlophe zeqhwa zindiza ngendiza zisuka endaweni ngendawo noma zihlala ngenkani emagatsheni aneqhwa. Futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, amajikijolo abomvu ama-rowan avele ngaphansi kweqhwa, kunikezwe isithombe esihle kakhulu. Inyoni ebomvu egatsheni eneqhwa - uzungu oluthandayo lwamakhadi kaKhisimusi. Isimo sale nyoni sikhethwa ngezimpawu ezisemthethweni ezifundazweni eziyisikhombisa ze-USA: i-Indiana, iVirginia, iWest Virginia, i-Illinois, iKentucky, i-Ohio kanye neNorth Carolina. By the way, kungenzeka ukuthi inyoni ekhadinali ibe ngumzekelo womunye wabalingiswa kulowo mdlalo owaziwa ngokuthi “izinyoni ezinolaka”.

Ikhadinali yayingenye yezinhlobo eziningi zemvelo ezichazwe nguKarl Linnaeus emsebenzini wakhe wekhulu le-18, iSystem of Natural (lat. Systema naturae). Ekuqaleni, ifakiwe kuhlobo lwe-Klesta, manje eliqukethe kuphela iziphambano. Ngo-1838, wabekwa ku-Cardusals yohlobo lobuciko futhi wathola igama lesayensi uCardinalis virginianus, okusho ukuthi "I-Cardinal ye-Virgin." Ngo-1918, igama lesayensi lashintshwa laba nguRichmondena Cardinalis ukuhlonipha uCharles Wallace Richmond, isazi sezokwelapha saseMelika. Futhi kuphela ngonyaka we-1983 igama lesayensi liphinde lashintshwa laba yiCardinalis Cardinalis yanamuhla.

Ubude bomzimba womuntu omdala bucishe bube ngu-20-23 cm, isisindo esingu-45 g. Owesilisa unombala okhanyayo okhanyayo, onobuhlakani obumnyama obuzungeze amehlo nangomlomo. Izinsikazi zinezimpaphe ezimpunga ezimpunga ezinezinto ezibomvana ngokubomvu, amaphimbo, amabele namabele, nomaskandi olula kunabesilisa. Izinyoni ezincane zifana ngombala kwabesifazane abadala. Imilenze in nsundu. Amehlo anabafundi abompunga. Zinezimpaphe eziphakeme ezihlukile zezimpaphe eziphakeme.

Ukuculwa kwabesilisa kugcwalisa indlu ngomsindo omkhulu nangomculo, okusikhumbuza kancane ama-nightingale trill. Abesifazane nabo bayacula, kepha kuthule futhi hhayi muhle kangako. Ingoma iyikhwela ebushelelezi ebushelelezi enezinhlobonhlobo eziningi, kufaka phakathi i- "kyu-kyu-kyu", "chiir-chiir-chiir" ne "path-way-puni". Bobabili ubulili bacula cishe unyaka wonke. Izingcingo ezijwayelekile ziyi "chip" ebukhali. Njengoba kuthunjwa amakhadinali athenge kalula, udinga ukuwagcina emakhejini amakhulu noma ezindizeni okungenani okungenani imitha eyodwa, kucatshangelwa iqiniso lokuthi ungavumela inyoni ukuba ingene obala zonke izinsuku.

Njengomthetho, amakhadinali abomvu akhetha i-pair impilo yonke. Lezi zinyoni zizimele kakhulu futhi azivamile ukusebenzisa izindlu zokufakelwa, ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, insikazi yakhela isidleke, kanti owesilisa uyamsiza. Kufanelekile futhi ukucabanga ukuthi ngesikhathi sezinyoni ezidlekayo zinolaka olukhulu futhi zingalwa nezihlobo zazo ezisezindlini eziseduzane, ngakho-ke lo mbala wokuzalela kufanele uhlukaniswe nabanye. Ikhadinali ebomvu inhle kakhulu futhi ayimhlophe. Okuqukethwe kwayo akuyona into eyinkimbinkimbi futhi kulula ukuyenza, ukubuyisa umnikazi uthola inyoni eyingqayizivele enamakhono amahle kakhulu wokukhuluma.

Izinyoni zekhadinali "izinyo elimnandi" - zijabulela ukudla i-elderberry, i-juniper, i-cherry, i-grape, i-sitrobheli, i-raspberry, i-ash ash, izimbali zamamephu kashukela kanye namawolintshi, ama-apula, ummbila nezinye izinhlamvu esigabeni sokuvuthwa kobisi-i-wax, izihlahla zemifino, imifino kanye izimpethu, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuzingela izimbungulu, ikicadas, izimvemvane, izintethe, izintethe. Ama-tick aphakanyiswa cishe yizinambuzane.

Ngesikhathi sothando, ukuculwa kwale mculi omangalisayo kwenziwa kakhulu. Uyawabona amandla akhe, unamathele esifubeni sakhe, anwebise umsila wakhe opinki, aphephe amaphiko akhe, aphendukele ngakwesokunxele nakwesobunxele, kube sengathi uzizwa isidingo sokuzwakalisa intshiseko yakhe ngemisindo emangalisayo yezwi lakhe. Ngokuphindaphindiwe, lezi motifs ziphindaphindwa, inyoni iwa buthule kuphela ukuze iphefumule. Nsuku zonke, ukhadinali ujabulise insikazi ehleli emaqanda naye icule, futhi ngezikhathi ezithile uyifaka kanye ngesizotha esikuyo ocansini lakhe.

Ikhadinali ebomvu ingeyezinyoni zezwe, owesilisa akavumeli amanye amakhadinali ukungena endaweni ehlala kuye bese ebaxwayisa kakhulu ngokuthi le ndawo ithathiwe. Owesifazane wakha isidleke. Ungumbala wenkomishi, kunalokho umnyama, utholakala esihlahleni noma esihlahleni esiphansi. Amaqanda ane-tint eluhlaza okotshani noma eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka enamabala grey noma ansundu. I-clutch ephelele iqukethe amaqanda ama-3-4. Ukufakwa ngaphakathi kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-12 kuye kwezingu-13. Owesifazane kuphela ofaka imbeleko, owesilisa uyondla futhi ngesinye isikhathi esikhundleni sakhe. Amabhuqa aphuma esidlekeni ngokushesha okukhulu, bese kuthi owesilisa awondle, bese owesifazana edlulela endaweni elandelayo. Kunama-broods ama-2 - 3 ngonyaka. Isikhathi sokuphila sekhadinali ebomvu ngokwemvelo siyiminyaka eyi-10 - 15, ekudingisweni - kuze kube yiminyaka engama-28.

Kunezinhlobo ezingama-19 zokubhaliswa kwamakhadinali:
Cardinalis Cardinalis Cardinalis
Cardinalis Cardinalis affinis
Cardinalis Cardinalis canicaudus
Cardinalis Cardinalis carneus
Cardinalis Cardinalis clazo
ICardinalis Cardinalis coccineus
I-Cardinalis Cardinalis flammiger
Cardinalis Cardinalis floridanus
Cardinalis Cardinalis igneus
Cardinalis Cardinalis littoralis
Cardinalis Cardinalis magnirostris
Cardinalis Cardinalis mariae
Cardinalis Cardinalis phillipsi
Cardinalis Cardinalis saturatus
Cardinalis Cardinalis seftoni
Cardinalis Cardinalis sinaloensis
Cardinalis Cardinalis superbus
Cardinalis Cardinalis townendi
Cardinalis Cardinalis yucatanicus

Izinyoni zekhadinali zizingelwa yizinyoni eziningi ezidla inyama eNyakatho Melika, kufaka phakathi ama-falcons, wonke amankonyane, ama-shrikes, nezinhlobo eziningana zezikhova - isikhova se-eyred ne-scoop yaseNyakatho Melika. Kuyathunjwa izinkukhu namaqanda: izinyoka zasebukhosini eziqinile, izinyoka ezimfushane, amahlaya aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ama-squirrel ama-grey, ama-squxrels we-fox, ama-chipmunks ase-East Melika namakati asekhaya.

Kepha amaNdiya amaCherokee aze akholelwe ukuthi inyoni ekhadinali iyindodakazi yeLanga uqobo! Lokhu kutshelwa yinganekwane yabo.
«Nsuku zonke, ilanga litshona ntambama ezovakashela indodakazi yakhe. Kepha kwathi lapho sekwenzekile inhlekelele - indodakazi yaLanga yafa ngokuzumayo. Futhi kwakunjalo. ILanga laqala ukubacasukela abantu: Ngani, bathi, bayahlanya, bangibuka, bangangibuki ngamehlo wonke. Futhi iNyanga yavele yagconwa masinyane: Futhi uma ungibheka, abantu bayamamatheka. Isikhwele singena elangeni, futhi sanquma ukujezisa abantu. Kusukela ngalolo suku lwaqala ukushisa ngokungenamusa - kwaqala isomiso esibi, abaningi bafa. Okufanele ngikwenze? Saya kumthakathi ukuthola izeluleko. Futhi wathembisa ukubulala ilanga. Waphenduka abantu ababili baba izinyoka ezimbi wabathumela endlini yendodakazi yelanga. Lapho babeyoshona ilanga. Lokhu akwenzekanga kubantu-izinyoka, kwathi ngolunye usuku, bethukuthele, bakhonkotha indodakazi yabo.
Usizi olubi lubambe iLanga, lafihla wonke umuntu. Kwakunobumnyama baphakade, obandayo. Abantu baphinda baya kumthakathi. Isixazululo bekuwukubuyisa indodakazi yeLanga eMbusweni wabafi. Umthakathi wanikeza ibhokisi ukuba ambeke lapho futhi ahambe, kodwa waxwayisa: noma kunjalo ungalivuli kuze kube yilapho abaphilayo bangene emhlabeni. Abathunywa bathumba indodakazi. Endleleni, waphila futhi waqala ukucela ukumondla nokumphuza - bathi, wayulawa yindlala phakathi kwabafileyo. Izithunywa, zikhumbula imiyalo yomthakathi, azange zivule ibhokisi. Intombazane yaqhubeka yabubula futhi icela, ithi izophinde ife. Abantu bathatha isihawu, bavula isivimbo, baphonsa ukudla, kepha isivalo savalwa ngokushesha. Bafike eLangeni, bavula ibhokisi - kanti akunalutho. Base bekhumbula: lapho bevula isivalo, kwavela inyoni ebomvu eduze. Abantu baqonda ukuthi kuye indodakazi kaLanga iphendukile kuye. Laphinde labanga iLanga, lidabukisa kakhulu kunakuqala, futhi kwalezo zinyembezi kwaqala uzamcolo.
Mangakanani amanzi avuzayo ngenkathi abantu benza ukuthula nokukhanya? Yinyoni encane ebomvu nje kuphela, ebhekwa njengendodakazi yeLanga, manje esekhumbula lezo zenzakalo.».

Ukubukeka

Ikhadinali ebomvu iyinyoni ephakathi nendawo. Ubude - cm 20-25. I-Wingspan ifinyelela ku-25-31 cm. Ikhadinali labadala linesisindo esingama-45 g. Owesilisa mkhulu kakhulu kunowesifazane. Umbala wesiduna ngumbala obomvu okhanyayo, obhalwe “imaskhi” emnyama ebusweni. Kutholakala amathoni ansundu-onsundu emibalabala yowesifazane, enezimpaphe ezibomvu obomvu emaphikweni, esifubeni nasesithunzini, “ngesifihlwa” esingaphansi kwesiduna. Uqhwaku luqinile, lubumbekile ngesimo. Intsha ifana ngombala kowesifazane omdala. Imilenze imnyama nsundu. Abafundi bansundu.

Ukuzala

Ifomu lamaKhosazana amaKhadi amakhadi wokuphila futhi bahlale bendawonye ngisho nangaphandle kwesikhathi sokuzala. Ikhadinali ebomvu ingeyezinyoni zezwe, owesilisa akavumeli amanye amakhadinali ukungena endaweni ehlala kuye bese ebaxwayisa kakhulu ngokuthi le ndawo ithathiwe. Owesifazane wakha isidleke. Ungumbala wenkomishi, kunalokho umnyama, utholakala esihlahleni noma esihlahleni esiphansi. Amaqanda ane-tint eluhlaza okotshani noma eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka enamabala grey noma ansundu. I-clutch ephelele iqukethe amaqanda ama-3-4. Ukufakwa ngaphakathi kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-12 kuye kwezingu-13. Owesifazane kuphela ofaka imbeleko, owesilisa uyondla futhi ngesinye isikhathi esikhundleni sakhe. Amachwane aphuma esidlekeni ngokushesha okukhulu, bese kuthi owesilisa awondle, bese insikazi idlulela endaweni elandelayo. Kunama-broods ama-2 - 3 ngonyaka.

Isikhathi sokuphila sekhadinali ebomvu ngokwemvelo siyiminyaka eyi-10 - 15, ekudingisweni - kuze kube yiminyaka engama-28.