Amagama: I-Amazon kaMüller, i-Amazon enamandla.
Uluhlu: ENyakatho Melika.
Ama-Mueller Amazons ayizinyoni ezihlakaniphile neziqaphile. Ngeshwa, bangabanini abanolaka nabaningi. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, abesilisa bangaba nolaka kubantu. Amanye amapharothi anamathele kakhulu kumnikazi wawo aze aqale ukumvikela kwezinye izinyoni kanye namalungu omndeni.
I-Amazon endala kaMueller ifinyelela ubude obufika kuma-40 cm.Iduna likhulu kunowesifazane ngosayizi, ikhanda nekhanda lakhe likhulu. Amehlo ezinyoni ezincane ansundu, kubantu abadala - o-orange-ophuzi.
Emvelweni, la ma-Amazon ahlala ezindaweni eziphansi ezinomswakama onezihlahla ezinde, emahlathini egalari, ama-savannah namahlathi ashisayo asendaweni eshisayo. Isilinganiso sokuphila esijwayelekile seminyaka engama-50-60.
Okumangazayo kukaMueller kuyizinyoni ezinomsindo impela, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuzala. Lezi ziphalishi ezisebenza kakhulu, okuthi, ngenxa yokuntuleka kokuzivocavoca, zivame ukukhuluphala. Kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi kube namathoyizi amaningi nezinti zokhuni noma amahlumela ekhejini (lokuhlafuna). Izinyoni ezincane zithanjiswa ngokushesha.
I-parrots yokugeza ibalulekile ku-plumage kanye nesimo esihle sesikhumba. Uma izimpaphe sezidlulile, zingafafazwa ebhodleleni lokufafaza ngamanzi amasha. Ngemuva kokugeza okunjalo, vumela u-parrot womile egumbini elifudumele noma elangeni.
AmaMazloni aseMüller anikwa ukudla okunempilo okuqukethe amaprotheni. Imifino entsha nezithelo kufakwa ezondweni nsuku zonke. Ezikhathini ezithile, amapharishi ayondliwa ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze aqaphele izibankwa. Lapho kudliwa ngokweqile, amaphalishi aqala ukukhetha kakhulu ngokudla. Ngenxa yokuthambekela kokukhuluphala kwabo, ama-Amazoni anikezwa inani elincane le-sunflower noma imbewu ye-safflower (kuphela njengesilonda).
Uma ama-amazon enikezwa kuphela imbewu, ngaphezu kwalokho anikezwa amavithamini namaminerali ukuvimbela ukukhula kokuntuleka kwamavithamini. Kungcono ukwengeza amavithamini ekudleni okuthambile kunokuba kunamanzi, ngoba lawo manzi asebenza njengendawo enhle yokuthuthukiswa kwamagciwane we-pathogenic.
Izimangaliso zikaMüller zisebenza kakhulu - ngokulondolozwa kwazo kuthunjiwe, ikheji elinomdlandla liyadingeka. Ekhejini kufanele kube nezindawo eziyimfihlo eziningana lapho izimbotshana zizocasha khona lapho zisengozini. Ubungako bekheji obulungile kufanele buvumele ipholiji ukundiza ngokukhululeka. Ikheji kufanele libe nezikhiye ezinokwethenjelwa neziqinile.
Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi ikheji likwazi ukufinyelela emgwaqweni ukuze izinyoni zichithe isikhathi emoyeni omusha futhi zigeza ilanga.
Ekudingisweni, amaMazons kaMüller azala nobunzima. Isikhathi sokukhwelana ngokwemvelo siqala kusuka ngoFebhuwari noma ngoMashi kuya kuJuni noma ngoJulayi. Ukuthomba kwenzeka eminyakeni engu-3-5. Ibhokisi lesidleke libekwa endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1,2 nangaphezulu komhlaba. Njengesindawo esidlekayo, ungasebenzisa ibhokisi lokhuni elingama-30x30x60 cm ngosayizi .. Ngokuvamile amaqanda ama-3-4 ku-clutch eyodwa. Isikhathi sokufuduka sithatha cishe izinsuku ezingama-24- 26. Ama-fitness fitness aneminyaka engama-10-12 amasonto. Ama-Amazons asemasha atholakala kalula. Ama-Mueller's amazoni ayizinyoni ezinempilo, kepha athambekele kwezinye izifo:
- izimpaphe ezidonsa,
- I-psittacosis (chlamydia),
- ukutheleleka ngegciwane kanye nokukhunta,
- i-toxicosis, noma ubuthi obuningi bensimbi,
- ukukhuluphala.
Isikweletu: Portal Zooclub
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I-MUELLER (MUSCLE) AMAZON
I-AMAZONA FARINOSA (Boddaert, 1783)
1. U-Amazona farinosa farinosa Boddaert, 1783 .
Okubhalwe phansi okuyi-Amazon kukaMüller.
Incazelo. Isizinda esikhulu se-plumagesi siluhlaza okotshani obunemibala e-brownish-mhlophe, izimpaphe ngemuva kwekhanda nentamo ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokucwiywa okubanzi okungwephuzi onsomi namathiphu amnyama. I-corona yindawo eguquguqukayo (eguquguqukayo) yombala ophuzi, engekho ngokuphelele kwezinye izinyoni noma incipha ukuya esigabeni sephethini esakazayo ezinsibeni zezimpaphe, iphiko esibondeni libomvu ngokuphuzi, kwesinye isikhathi linamabala aluhlaza okotshani. Umsila futhi luhlaza okotshani ophuzi. Izimpaphe zezimpaphe zemiyalo yokuqala neyesibili ngamathiphu we-violet-eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Amehlo abomvu ephikweni lwenyoni atholakala ngaphesheya kwezimpaphe zezimpiko 4 no-5 we-oda lesibili, izimpaphe zomsila ziluhlaza ngamathiphu aluhlaza-ophuzi, izimpaphe ezingaphezulu zomsila zithwala amamaki abomvu ngezikhathi ezithile. Isikhumba esizungeze i-periophthalmos simhlophe. Uqhwaku limpunga emnyama enesisekelo esiphaphathekile. U-Iris - kusuka kokubomvu ngoku nsundu kuya kobomvu. Amawashi aluhlaza grey.
Abantu abangavuthiwe balesi sikhala abanaso umqhele ophuzi, ngaphezu kwalokho, umbala we-iris wezinyoni ezinjalo onsundu.
Ubude bezinyoni amasentimitha angama-38 (amasentimitha angama-15), ubude bamaphiko buyi-220-252 mm (amayintshi angama-8.5-10).
Ukubhebhetheka. Uhla lweAmazon Müller lunqamula eGuyana, eSuriname, eFrance Guiana, eSouth Venezuela ezindaweni eziseBolivar naseAmazonas, Vaupes aseningizimu neColombia, eningizimu nasenyakatho-mpumalanga yeBolivia nasempumalanga yeSao Paulo eBrazil. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi izindawo ezingaphansi kwe-Müller Amazon enyakatho yeBolivia zithintana nezinhlobo zemvelo zohlobo olufanayo lwe-Amazon - Amazona farinosa chapmani (Müller Amazon Chapman), kepha akukho datha abatholakale eziphambanweni ezingaba khona ezinhlotsheni zezilwane ezingezansi.
2. Amazona farinosa chapmani Traylor, 1948.
Abadidiyeli be-Amazon Chapman.
Incazelo. Lokhu okubhalwe phansi kwe-amazon kaMüller kuyafana nokubhalwe phansi okuyizinsiza, noma kunjalo, ngokuvamile ngaphandle komqhele ophuzi noma ukuba nezimpaphe nje ezimbalwa ezinephethini eliphuzi elihlakazayo ekhanda, ngokwesilinganiso, izinyoni zalokhu okubhalwe phansi kumnyama kancane futhi kukhulu kunezibambiso ezingezansi.
Le nyoni inamamitha angama-42 (16.5 inches) futhi inobude bephiko buba-255 - 280 mm (10-11 inches).
Ukubhebhetheka. I-Amazon Chapman yaseMüller itholakala enyakatho-mpumalanga yeBolivia, inqamula engxenyeni esenyakatho yePeru nasempumalanga ye-Ecuador iye eningizimu mpumalanga yeColombia ezifundeni zaseVaupes nasePutumayo.
3. Amazona farinosa inornata Salvadori, 1891.
I-Plain Amazon, okuyiSpecial of Mueller's Amazon.
Incazelo. I-Amazon enombala owodwa ngezindlela eziningi ezifanayo nezinhlobo ezingama-subspecies (i-Amazona farinosa farinosa), kepha isisu, isifuba nethanga langemuva nge-tint emhlophe grey. Imvamisa, iphethini eliphuzi ekhanda alikho noma lincipha liye esigabeni sokuhlakazeka.
Ubude bephothi bungamasentimitha angama-38 (amasentimitha ayi-15), ubude bephiko buyi-232-262 mm (9-10 inches).
Ukubhebhetheka. Ihlala ePanama esifundeni saseVeracruz, isuka empumalanga iye enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeVenezuela, entshonalanga neAndes, inqamula enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeColombia iye enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Ecuador, empumalanga ye-Andes inqamula indawo yaseMeta, futhi ehlala empumalanga yeColombia - kuye e-Amazonas eVenezuela.
4. Amazona farinosa virenticeps Salvadori, 1891.
ICosta Rican Mueller Amazon, i-Amazon ephethwe yiGreen.
Incazelo. Kuyafana nokubhalwe phansi kwe-Amazon kaMüller, kepha iplamu likhombala ophuzi ngokwengeziwe, isifuba nesisu sezinyoni ngazinye nazo ziluhlaza okotshani, iphiko elisesibayeni cishe sazo zonke izimangaliso zalokhu okubhalwe phansi kuluhlaza okotshani. Ibunzi, frenum kanye nomqhele ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ubude be-Parrot amasentimitha angama-38 (amasentimitha angama-15), ubude bamaphiko bungu-228-250 mm (9-10 inches).
Ukubhebhetheka. I-Costa Rican Amazon ihlala iPanama esentshonalanga esifundeni esisentshonalanga yeChiriqu neBocas del Toro enyakatho, inqamula eCosta Rica iye eNicaragua.
5. Amazona farinosa guatemalae Sclater, 1860.
I-Guatemalan Amazon, i-Amazon enomqhele oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Incazelo. I-blue-capped (enomqhele ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka - ehunyushwe ngokwezwi nezwi) I-Müller Amazon ifana kakhulu nokubhalwe ngaphambili kwe-Müller Amazon (Amazona farinosa virenticeps), kodwa ibunzi, frenulum nomqhele (cap) zipendiwe ngombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka obukhulu. Umphetho wangaphambili wamaphiko azo zonke izinyoni uluhlaza okotshani.
Ama-parrots angakafakwanga ane-iris eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma emnyama.
Ubude I-Guatemalan Amazon ingamasentimitha angama-38 (15 inches), iphiko layo lingama-221-248 mm (8.5-9,5 inches).
Ukubhebhetheka. Kwenzeka eMexico, kusuka eseningizimu yeVeracruz ne-Oaxas emithambekeni yeCaribbean eningizimu kuya eHonduras.
Ngokusho kwedatha ye-ISIS (International System Identification Species), ngoNovemba 5, 2004, iMüller's Amazon njengesilwane esikwazeni ezibandakanya lolu hlelo (uhlelo) sibalwa abesilisa abangama-23, abesifazane abangu-14, izinyoni ezingama-27 zocansi olungaziwa kanye nenkukhu eyi-1 engaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala. Mayelana nokubhalwe phansi, imininingwane elandelayo iyatholakala (futhi kusukela ngoNovemba 5, 2004):
Amazona farinosa farinosa - Abesilisa abayisi-9, izinsikazi ezi-6 nezinhlaka ezi-4 zocansi olungaziwa,
Amazona farinosa inornata - 1 owesilisa, izintokazi ezi-2 nezinyoni ezi-2 zobulili obungaziwa,
Amazona farinosa virenticeps - ngowesifazane oyedwa nje
Amazona farinosa guatemalae - Abesilisa abangu-8, abesilisa abathathu kanye no-9 amazons wobulili obungabekelwe.
Habitat. Ihlala amahlathi emvula namahlathi asezintabeni endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1,500 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, ingxenye yezindawo ezivulekile ezinezihlahla ezisabalele (ezisakazeke) kanye nezihlahla zemihlume, zithanda imiphetho yamahlathi.
Isimo (isikhundla). Kuyinyoni ejwayelekile, kepha kwezinye izindawo ebangeni layo kungaqabukela. Njengomthetho, hhayi njenge-parrot eningi njengezinye izinhlobo ezingandile ze-amazon.
Imikhuba. IMüller Amazon ihlala ngababili noma ngamaqembu ezinyoni ezingaphezu kuka-20. Ngokuvamile, zingabonakala ekuseni kakhulu noma ntambama, lapho izinyoni zibuyela ezindaweni zazo zizolala, ngezikhathi ezithile i-Müller Amazon ingahlanganiswa neVenezuelan (i-orange-winged) i-Amazon (Amazona amazonica), iAmazon Natterera (Amazona ochrocephala nattameli - okuyi-subspecies ye-Amazon ephuthwe ngotshani. ochrocephala), i-Amazon ebheke ngaphuzi (i-Amazona echrocephala echrocephala - futhi okubhalwe kuyo i-Amazon enomsila ophuzi - ama-Amazona ochrocephala, amanye amagama alokhu okubhaliselwe yi-Columbian Amazon, i-Amazon enombala ophuzi onombala owodwa), noma i-Amazon ebomvu (Amazonaalis). Esihlahleni sokudla kungabuthelwa emhlambini omkhulu. Kuthulile kakhulu ngesikhathi sokudla. Ama-Amazons kaMüller aqoqana ukudla kwasekuseni kakhulu, okungenani ngaphambi kwezinye izinhlobo zopholi - ngehora lesikhombisa ekuseni aqala ukudla. Ama-parrots ahlala ahlangana ndawonye osebeni lomfula (emabhange) ukwenza ukuthi umzimba wawo ube namandla amaminerali (njengoba kunokuntuleka kwamaminerali kokuphakelayo okutholwe ngopholi nsuku zonke), futhi bathanda ukubhukuda emanzini angajulile.
Ngezikhathi ezithile, kuze kufike ezinyangeni ezingamakhulu ambalwa izinyoni zingahlangana ezihlahleni zezinhlanzi, bese ziba ngamaqembu, zimemeza kakhulu, amaphalishi andiza esuka kwesinye isihlahla aye kwesinye. Amapayipi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ayisithunzi esihle kakhulu sezinyoni. Amapharothi enza ukufuduka kwasendaweni kusuka kwenye indawo iye kwenye, noma ngabe enye indawo isendaweni ehlukile kuneyokuqala. Izinyoni zibonakaliswa ukundiza okuphezulu, kugeleza endizeni eyodwa, masinyane amaphiko azo. Izwi lalezi zinhlobo ze-Amazons likhulu kakhulu, lingaba nezithulu, njengomsindo noma ukubhonga kwenyamazane.
Umsoco emvelweni. Ukudla okumangazayo endaweni yabo yemvelo kufana nokufana nopholi abakhulu nobukhulu - izithelo (izithelo), ikakhulukazi amakhiwane (amakhiwane), amajikijolo, amantongomane, izimbali, ama-inflorescence, namahlamvu esihlahla. Futhi, mhlawumbe, amaphalishi ngokuvamile, uma kungenjalo nsuku zonke, engeza ukudla kwawo ngomanyolo wamaminerali (kusuka emifudlaneni yomfula).
Ukuzala kabusha emvelweni. Isikhathi sokuzala samaMuller Amazons eSouth America siba phakathi kukaNovemba noFebhuwari, futhi naseCentral America kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya kuJuni. Izinduna zitholakala ezihlahleni zezihlahla eziyize (eziyize) noma emithini yesundu efile ekuphakameni okuningi - ukusuka ku-20 m (65 ft) kuya ku-25 m (80 ft) ngaphezulu komhlaba. Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi, isidleke satholakala kuphela ama-3 m (!) (10 ft) ngaphezu komhlaba. EGuatemala, ukujula kwesidleke okutholakala odongeni lwamatshe lwethempeli leMayan kwakungamasentimitha angama-60. Kuzo zonke izidleke ezihloliwe kwakukhona amachwane amathathu. Ubungako beqanda bungama 37.7 x 29.0 mm (1.48 x 11.14 inches).
I-pair of Mueller amazons ingagcinwa nabanye abantu be-amazons kuphela ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalanisa.
I-AviaryiseliI-Aviary (igumbi lezinyoni). Indawo ebiyelwe yangaphandle (yangaphandle) enobukhulu kufanele ihambisane (okungenani) nezinyawo ezi-4x1.5x2 m (12.0x4.5x6.0) ngomgwaqo obekiwe ovalekile osayizi okungenani abungu-1.5x1.0x2.0 m (4.5x3, 0x6.0 izinyawo). Design - i-aviary kufanele yenziwe ngezingxenye zensimbi. Amazinga okushisa aphansi lapho ugcina upholi usekudingisweni ngu + 5 C (41 F).
Ukuzala kabusha ekudingisweni. I-Müller Amazon ivame ukuzala kabusha ezimweni zokufakelwa. Ukuzala kabusha kuqala ngo-Ephreli. Izinyoni ngalesi sikhathi ziba nomsindo futhi zibe nolaka ikakhulukazi. Kwi-clutch, imvamisa amaqanda ayi-2-3, akuvamile kakhulu - 4. Owesifazane ubeka amaqanda ngokuphumula kwezinsuku ezintathu. Isikhathi sokufuduka sithatha izinsuku ezingama-24-25. Isikhathi sokondla amaphuphu yizinsuku ezingama-60-65, phakathi nalesi sikhathi ezinye zezimbotshana ezingamaduna ziba novalo, zingacasuki kulowo ozinakekelayo. Izinyoni ezincane azinakususwa kumaphalishi amadala ngaphambi kokuba zifinyelele eminyakeni engama-20 (izinyanga ezinhlanu).
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Ukubukeka
Ama-parrots afinyelela ku-38-41 amasentimitha, futhi isisindo sawo singama-550-700 amagremu. Abantu abahlala ekudingisweni bavame ukuba nesisindo esengeziwe. Lolu hlobo lwephalishi lungenye enkulu kunazo zonke eNingizimu Melika. Umsila wama-Amazons amafushane, awukwele ngesimo. Isisekelo somlomo wophondo lwendlovu, kanti lonke lonke lingwevu. Amaphayi nawo ampunga. Eduze kwamehlo kukhona isikhumba esimhlophe. Iris iwolintshi.
Umzimba wonke unamapulangwe aluhlaza, futhi emuva kwekhanda nasemuva kunenhlanganisela eluhlaza grey, ngenxa yalokho kubonakala sengathi iphalishi lifafazwe ufulawa, maqondana nale nyoni yathola igama lesibili - i-powdery Amazon. Ebunzini, izimbotshana zalolu hlobo zinendawo ephuzi, ezinye izinyoni zinendawo encane kakhulu, kanti ezimbili ezingaphansi azinayo le ndawo. Ngenkathi indiza, ingxenye engezansi yamaphiko iblue bhulowu. Abesilisa bakhulu kunezinsikazi ngosayizi.
Ama-Amazons kaMüller alenga emaqenjini.
Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside
I-Amazon kaMüller ivuthwa eneminyaka yobudala engama-3-4, ngalesi sikhathi isilungele ukuvuthwa. Ama-Amazons anezimbili ezithandanayo. Parrots ukuhlomisa izidleke emigodini yezihlahla. Insikazi ibekela amaqanda ama-3-4. Inqubo yokubambeka ihlala amasonto ama-4. Owesifazane ugebha amaqanda, owesilisa unakekela ukudla kwakhe, uyondla, abopha ukudla. Ngendlela efanayo, amachwane ayondliwa.
Ezinyangeni ezimbili emva kokuzalwa, amaphuphu aqala ukundiza. Isilinganiso sokuphila okuphila isikhathi eside kwamapharridi alesi silwane yiminyaka engama-55-60.
Inkukhu yase-Amazon.
Lalela izwi le-Amazon Mueller
Ama-Amazons ajwayela kubantu futhi anamathele kumakhosi awo. Ekuthunjweni, zingabantu abathobekile futhi abanothando.
Ama-Mueller amazon avame ukugcinwa ekhaya.
Amapharishi adla izithelo, amantongomane, imbewu, amajikijolo, izimbali, imiqumbe, izithelo. Njengomthetho, izinyoni zihlala ezindaweni eziphansi, zihlala endaweni ephakeme engekho ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1400 ngaphezu kolwandle.
Ekudingisweni, ama-parrots empeleni awazalanga. Lezi zinyoni kulula ukuzilawula, zishesha ukujwayela abanini bazo. Ukudla kwabo kufanele kube nokudla okunamaprotheni amaningi. Imifino nezithelo zihlanganiswa njalo ekudleni; ngaphezu kwalokho, amaminerali kanye namavithamini kuyangezelelwa kokuphakelayo, uma kungenjalo i-avitaminosis iba namaphalishi.
Ngokhulu, amapharothi akhuthele kakhulu, futhi ekhaya aqala ukukhuluphala ngokushesha. Uma ama-Amazons endla kahle, khona-ke athola isisindo futhi athole isisindo, okuyinto engalungile kubo. Ama-parrots athosiwe aqala ukuhlunga ukudla.
Kunconywe ukuthi ama-Amazons agcinwe ezindaweni ezivulekile ukuze akwazi ukundiza nokuhamba ngokukhululeka. Indawo ebiyelwe kufanele ikhiywe, ngaphandle kwalokho i-Amazon ingandiza ihambe futhi ifele endaweni engajwayelekile.
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