Isiqhwaga esingaphansi kwamanzi ngumkhomo wesidoda!

Isivakashi sethu namuhla sizingela ekujuleni kolwandle ngesethi elilodwa lamazinyo. Ubude besidalwa lesi abungaphansi kobude bemoto engaphansi komhlaba, futhi isisindo saso silingana nesisindo sethangi. Ngabe uyaqonda ukuthi sikhuluma ngabani? Ngaphambi kwesidoda whale!

I-Sperm whale ihlala kuzo zonke izilwandle zomhlaba. Izinsikazi namathole kuhlala emanzini asezindaweni ezishisayo nasendaweni engaphansi komhlaba, futhi kuphela ngesibindi, amaduna amadala asebhukuda emanzini abandayo e-Arctic ne-Antarctic.

Nsuku zonke, le carnivore enkulu ibamba cishe ithoni yokudla, idla izinhlanzi, ama-octopus, ama-squid. Lesi isilwanyana esinyukayo sikhuphukela phezulu ukuze sithathe umoya omkhulu, bese sishona cishe ikhilomitha ibheke phansi siyofuna inyamazane.

I-Sperm whale iyakwazi ukuzizwa isisulu sayo ngokusebenzisa i-echolocation. Ingxenye yayo yangaphambili yekhanda ikhipha ngokuchofoza okuqinile ebangeni le-ultrasonic. Njengomkhumbi wasemanzini, isidoda whale sichaza isimo nokuthi siphi isisulu saso.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-sperm whale ibilokhu idonsela ukunaka kwabalobi nabadwebi ngenxa yokubukeka kwayo okungajwayelekile nomlingiswa oyinkimbinkimbi.

Ukuvela komkhomo wesidoda

Ubude bomzimba wesilisa ngamamitha ayi-18-20, kanti lezi zikhulu zinesisindo esisuka kumathani angama-50 kuye kwangama-70.

Izinsikazi zincane kakhulu kunabesilisa, isisindo somzimba wazo ziyahlukahluka ngaphakathi kwamathani angama-30, futhi ngobude zifinyelela kumamitha ayi-135.

Umkhomo wesidoda unes umsila omkhulu.

Ama-sperm whales abukeka njengasekuqaleni futhi angajwayelekile. Isici esiyinhloko yinhloko yobukhulu obukhulu, okwenza ingxenye yesithathu yomzimba wonke. Iphrofayili ikhombisa ukuthi mkhulu kangakanani umphambili. Uma ubheka i-sperm whale ngaphambili, khona-ke ikhanda layo liyashwabana lisuka ezinhlangothini bese likhala ngokuqala kwesiqalo. Kwabesilisa, ingxenye engaphambili inkulu kakhulu kunokuya kwabesifazane nasezilwaneni ezincane.

Ngobukhulu obunjalo bekhanda, ama-sperm whale nawo anobuchopho obukhulu, kodwa eqinisweni lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele. Ingxenye eyinhloko yekhanda igcwele izicubu zesipanji ezigcwele amanoni. Kule ndwangu, ngosizo lokwelashwa okukhethekile, abantu bathola i-spermaceti - into eyi-waxy.

Le nto isetshenziswe isikhathi eside ekwakhiweni kwamakhandlela, okokugcoba okuhlukahlukene kanye nokhilimu. Kepha lesi simo sesivele sikhona kudala, namuhla sekwenziwe izakhi zamakhemikhali ezahlukahlukene ezingafani ne-spermaceti. Kulokhu, asikho isidingo sokubhubhisa u-sperm whale, okunciphise kakhulu ukuzingela kwalezi zilwanyana ezincelisayo.

Imikhomo yesidoda izilwane ezincelisayo ezijulile.

Kungani ama-sperm whales adinga le izicubu ezinesiponji, futhi ngisho eduze kwengqondo? Abanye ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ngenxa yale nto, amakhono entantayo omkhomo wesidoda ayanda. Amafutha kumazinga okushisa aphansi ayakhula, kepha ngamazinga okushisa aphezulu, kunalokho, kuba uketshezi.

Ukugeleza kwegazi kufudumeza lesi siga, nobukhulu baso buyehla, ngenxa yokuthi isilwane siphuma ngokushesha. Futhi lapho kudonsa, inqubo eguquguqukayo isebenza - amanoni akhula, ukuqina kwawo kuba mkhulu, futhi isisindo sidonsa umkhomo we-sperm ukujula.

Kunomunye umbono wokuthi le izicubu zesiponji zibandakanyeka ekufundisweni kwezimpawu. Ngosizo lwale nto, imisebe ye-ultrasonic igxile ezintweni ezidingekayo. Okusho ukuthi, lo muthi uvumela umkhomo wesidoda ukuthi uvimbe izithiyo futhi uthole ukudla. Kukhona eminye imibono, kepha ngombono ofanayo, okuthi kuwo imidumba yesidoda idinge izicubu zesiponji emakhanda abo egcwele amanoni, ososayensi abavumelani.

Kwesinye isikhathi lesi sikhulu esingaphansi kwamanzi siphuma emanzini.

Umbala womzimba wesidoda semikhaza ungaba nsundu omnyama noma onsundu. Kulokhu, umzimba ongaphezulu umnyama kune ophansi. Emlonyeni, isikhumba sine-tint emhlophe engcolile. Isisekelo somsila sinombala ofanayo.

Ngasemuva kune-dorsal fin, futhi ngemuva kwayo kukhona ukwakheka okufana okuningi, kodwa kuncane kakhulu. Umhlathi omncane futhi omude unamazinyo. Amazinyo omkhomo wesidoda mikhulu impela, izinyo ngalinye linesisindo esingamakhilogremu 1.5. Emhlathini ongenhla kunezindawo zokungena amazinyo angena kuzo. Umhlathi ophansi impela uyiselula, umkhomo wawo wesidoda ungavula cishe ama-90 degrees. Ngenxa yomlomo onjalo, lesi silwanyana esidla izinyamazane singaginya inyamazane yobukhulu obukhulu.

Umkhomo wesidoda uphefumula kuphela ngekhala elingakwesobunxele elingaphambi kwekhanda, kuyilapho impumulo yangakwesokudla ikwazi ukuvumela emoyeni, kepha ayikukhiphi, ngoba ine-valve ekhethekile. Lesi sici sokuhleleka sivumela umkhomo wesidoda ukuba ugcwale umoya-mpilo. Imikhomo yesidoda ingaba ekujuleni kwehora. Umsila we-sperm whales uqinile, ekugcineni kwawo kune-fin cishe amamitha ayi-5 ububanzi. Amaphiko we-pectoral abanzi futhi amafushane.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu, ama-sperm whales ayimidondoshiya yangempela.

Ukuziphatha kwe-sperm whale kanye nokudla okunempilo

Imikhomo yesidoda iyizisulu ezinamandla. Isisekelo sokudla kwemikhomo enamazinyo yi-octopus, squid ne-cuttlefish.

Ingxenye ebalulekile yokudla kwama-sperm whales nayo iyinhlanzi. Lemikhomo enamazinyo idla ngokuthokozela oshaka abancane, imisebe, ama-bass olwandle, abamele ama-cod, abahlali abaphansi kanye nabangeneli. Imvamisa, ama-sperm whales azingela ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-400 kuye kwangama-1200. Ngomhlatshelo omnandi, umkhomo we-sperm whale ungangena kumamitha ayi-3000.

Imvamisa, imikhomo yesidoda ivele ebusweni njalo ngemizuzu engama-30. Bahlala bavuka futhi bawe mpo. Ukuntanta okungaphezulu, umkhondo wenselo ukhipha imithombo enamandla yamanzi, ifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha ayi-3-4. Kepha indiza enjalo ayiqondiswanga phezulu, njengayo yonke imikhomo, kepha ekhoneni. Kulesi sici, i-sperm whale ihlukaniswa kalula kwamanye amalungu omndeni.

Umhlambi wezihlakala zesidoda.

Imikhomo ezinamazinyo ihlala emihlambi yezikhathi eziningi, imvamisa, i-harem enezinsikazi eziyi-10-15 ihlangana eduze nowesilisa oyedwa ovuthiwe. Amakhulu amaningi anjalo angahlanganiswa abe yiqembu elilodwa elikhulu. Amalungu eqembu elikhulu kangaka adla ndawonye futhi afuduka. Ehlobo, ama-sperm whales aya emanzini asenyakatho, futhi ebusika - ezindaweni ezifudumele ezifudumele.

Abesifazane abawavumeli amaduna amancane, ngenxa yalokho bayaphoqelelwa ukuhlangana ngamaqembu ahlukene. Izingxabano ezinkulu zivame ukuvela phakathi kwabesilisa phezu kwelungelo lokuba nabesifazane. Ukulwa okunesihluku okunjalo kungaqeda ekufeni komunye wabesilisa.

Ama-sperm whales akagcini ngokuntywila ngokuphelele, kepha futhi agxuma kahle, angakwazi ukuphuma emanzini. Kwesinye isikhathi imikhomo yesidoda iyaqhamuka ime ime nkqo emanzini. Kepha imikhomo enezinkukhu zokubhukuda ibhukuda kancane, ngesikhathi sokudla zithanda ukuhamba ngesivinini esingamakhilomitha ayi-10 ngehora, ngangokunokwenzeka, kepha zishesha zifinyelela kumakhilomitha angama-35 ngehora.

Isidoda whale akusona isilwane esiphuthuma kakhulu.

Ama-sperm whales akhipha umsindo ngendlela yokuchofoza, i-cod kanye nokubhonga. Zibhonga kakhulu, umsindo uqhathaniswa nenjini esebenza ngendiza.

I-Sperm whale iyisidondoshiya esingaphansi kwamanzi.

AmaCetaceans ayizilwane zasolwandle. Zihlobanise nezilwane ezincelisayo ngokulandelana kwazo. Ziyizilwane ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni. Babukeka njengezinhlanzi, kepha okulandelayo sihlobo. AmaCetaceans awanayo gill, ukuphefumula kwawo kungamaphaphu. Zinegazi elifudumele, izinga lokushisa lomzimba wazo lingama-35- 40 °, elondolozwa ungqimba lwamafutha. Isisindo nobude behlukile, kuya ngezinhlobo.

AmaCetaceans ahlukaniswe izifunda ezi-2:

• Izimpunga (toothless) ziyimikhomo.
• Okugcwele: Imikhomo yesidoda, amahlengethwa, imikhomo yokubulala, iziqholo.

Imikhomo ihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo eziyi-10:

1. Isikebhe.
2. Finwal.
3. Bowhead whale.
4. South whale.
5. Minke whale.
6. Grey whale.

Imikhomo ayinangozi, gwema ukushayisana okuyingozi. Banikezwa abazingeli ngensimbi yomusi ekhishwa lapho ikhuphukela phezulu iyofaka i-oksijini, kuyilapho ikhulula amaphaphu emoyeni owuqoqelile ngenkathi kukhuphuka i-scuba. Zonke izinhlobo zinemithombo yezindawo eziphakeme nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Ukuphakama kufinyelela ku-15 m futhi kuya ekujuleni kokucwiliswa. Izinhlobo ezinkulu, ngenxa yokukhishwa ngamandla kwesifu, kukhipha i-bomba hum, engazwakala ngamakhilomitha ambalwa.

Umzimba ubunjiwe, ngenxa yokumelana kwamanzi amancane lapho ubhukuda. Izinhlamvu ezivela I-4-6 kuye ku-33 m isisindo kusuka kumathani amathathu kuya kwangama-190 . Amakhala aseduze komqhele wekhanda. Amehlo mancane, aze afike ku-1 kg isisindo, d = 10-17 cm. Ezinhlotsheni ezincane - usayizi wenja. Umbono awunampilo, myopic. Esikhundleni samazinyo, zonke izinhlobo zamapulangwe amathambo zine-whalebone. Bahlunga ukudla. Imikhomo yeBaleen ayizingeli ukudla, ibonakala idla imbuya ngothi, icwilisa amapuleti ama cr craceans amancane nezinhlanzi ezincane.

Umbala yi-monophonic, i-shadowy, inebala, isikhumba sibushelelezi. Akukho mqondo wokuhogela, ama-receptors wokunambitha kuphela anambitha ukunambitheka okunosawoti. Ukuzwa - imisindo ihlukaniswa kusuka ku-150 Hz kuya kuma-frequency e-ultrasonic. Iba nomqondo omuhle wokuthinta. Imikhomo ayinazo izintambo zezwi, ziyaqondalana ngenxa ye-echolocation Equipmentarat eyakhelwe amathambo kaswazi kanye nengqimba lamafutha eliqondisa isignali ye-ultrasound.

Imikhomo ihamba ngejubane I-25-40km / h . Baphila iminyaka engama-30-50. Izakhamizi zawo wonke olwandle.

Iningi lazo lingamawele, libeletha njalo ngeminyaka emi-2. Baqala ukuzala kusuka eminyakeni engama-3-5, futhi bavuthwe ngokomzimba ngeminyaka eyi-12. Abesilisa bayakwazi ukushada unyaka nonyaka. Ukukhulelwa, izinyanga eziyi-7-18. Ingalo eyodwa izalwa inomsila wayo ngaphambili, inesisindo esingu-2,5, ubude - 1⁄4 noma 1⁄2 ubude besifazane. Ubhukuda ngokuzimela, kepha useduze nonina futhi upha ubisi lwamafutha angama-54% isikhathi esingaba isigamu sonyaka.

Imikhomo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ifinyelela kumamitha angama-33 ubude, inesisindo esingamathani angama-150-190. Zikhetha amanzi abandayo. Bahlala bodwa. Ukujula kokuntywiliselwa kufinyelela ku-500 m nokuningi, lapho kutholakala khona kufika ku-50 min. Ijubane lokuhamba - 50k m / h, ngesikhathi sokufuduka - 30 km / h.

Imikhomo yesidoda yiyona enkulu kunazo zonke kwemikhomo enobuthi. Ubude besilisa bufika kumamitha angama-20, futhi isisindo sifinyelela kumathani angama-50, ubude besifazane bufika kumamitha ayi-15, kanti isisindo singamathani angama-30.

Izilwane zemihlambi zibuthana ngamaqembu amakhulu amaningana ngisho nezinkulungwane. Ukuhamba ngejubane kufika ku-35 km / h shona ujule kufika ku-3,5 km . Ziyi-thermophilic, zingenzeki emanzini abandayo. Zigcinwa kude nosogwini, lapho ukujula kungaphezulu kwama-200 m. Bazingela ukudla kwezinkomo, ekujuleni kwe-1000 m akukho bancintisana. AmaCephalopods, ngisho nama-squid amakhulu (afinyelela ku-18 m), izinhlanzi, oshaka bayadliwa. Yidla i-1 ton yokudla ngosuku. Udoti weSwallow owele olwandle: amabhodlela, ucingo, izicathulo. Imvamisa amatshe agaywa kusuka phansi ukuze kugaye ukudla esiswini.

Bahlukile kuwo wonke ama-cetaceans anekhanda elikhulu - ama-35% ubude bomzimba wonke. Ikhanda elilinganisiwe ligxunyekwe ezinhlangothini. Ngezansi kwekhanda kukhona umhlathi ohleli namazinyo wamazinyo angama-20-26. Isisindo sezinyo eli-1 - kufika ku-1 kg. Umhlathi ophansi uvula u-90 °.

I-d d = 15 cm, izimbobo zezindlebe ezitholakala ngemuva kwamehlo. Izitho zombono nephunga azithuthukiswa. Umthombo ukhuphuka nge-engela ka-45 °. Ukuphefumula kwenziwa ngumbhalo wesinxele, umoya wokudla kuphela okhipha umoya. I-Sperm whale ijulile kakhulu isikhathi eside ngenxa yokuba khona kwe-shutter valve, enikeza ukulethwa komoya-mpilo.

Isikhumba silinganisekile, ngampunga emnyama nge-tint eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, nsundu okumnyama nemibala emnyama kungenzeka. Ungqimba lwamafutha aze afike ku-50cm.

Isidoda ubuchopho bomgogodla bufinyelela 8 kg nenhliziyo iyikho 1 m2 . Ukuba khona kwe-spermaceti sac (i-fat pad) - i-10 t - kunika amandla ama-sperm whales ukujula ekujuleni okukhulu, ayipholise, yisixhobo se-echolocation.

Ama-sperm whales ayathutha ngaphandle kwephethini ethile, abesilisa benza imihlambi yabo, abesilisa abadala bahlala bodwa.

Bakhiqiza imisindo ngohlobo lwe-cod, ukuchofoza, ukububula. Ziyakwazi ukuphuma futhi zime ziqonde ekholamu lamanzi, zigxume ziphume emanzini ngokuphelele. Balala emanzini, ukulala okujulile kungaphazanyiswa - imizuzu eyi-10 - ukuqandeka ngasikhathi sinye.

Zalela ngentshiseko entwasahlobo. Abesilisa abaseduze baqoqa abesifazane ababalelwa ku-15. Abesilisa abavuthiwe - abaneminyaka engama-22-26 ubudala, abesifazane - abaneminyaka eyi-14 kuya ku-17 ubudala. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga eziyi-15-18, kuzalwa ingane eyi-1, enesisindo esilingana nethoni, ubude obuyi-3-4 m. Banikezwa ubisi izinyanga eziyi-13. Amawundlu anonina eneminyaka engama-5-7 ubudala. Imidumba imikhomo iphila kuze kube yingxenye yeminyaka.

Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside

Isikhathi sokukhulelwa ku-sperm whales yiminyaka eyi-1.5. Ingane eyi-1 izalwa njalo, ingamamitha amathathu ngosayizi nethoni eli-1 ngesisindo. Umama upha ubisi lwengane unyaka. Ngalesi sikhathi, umntwana ukhuphuka ngosayizi amahlandla ama-2, bese kuvela amazinyo akhe.

Ukuthomba kwabesifazane kwenzeka eminyakeni eyi-7, nakowesilisa - eneminyaka eyi-10-12. Abesifazane baletha ukuzalwa kwesikhathi 1 eminyakeni emi-3. Amandla okuzala abantwana ahlala nabo kuze kube iminyaka engama-40-45. Ngokwesilinganiso, isikhathi sokuphila semikhomo yesidoda yiminyaka engama-50-60. Kepha ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle zokuphila, lezi ziphulu zinganqamula umugqa weminyaka engama-70. Ngokunokwenzeka, isikhathi sokuphila esiphezulu kakhulu yiminyaka engama-80.

Ukuhlangana ne-diver nge-sperm whale.

Okuvamile phakathi komkhomo whale kanye nesidoda

1. Oda - izilwane zasolwandle, uhlobo - chordates, iklasi - izilwane ezincelisayo.
2. I-Warmblood, ukuphefumula kwe-pulmonary
3. Khipha ikholamu yesifutho lapho ugibela phezulu
4. Umzimba wokwehla komoya
5. Izintambo zezwi ezingekho
6. Banedivaysi ye-echolocation
7. Zala i-1 cub
8. Ingane yondliwe ubisi
9. I-Monogamous
10. Ukuba khona kwezindlala ezincelisayo kwabesifazane, ukungabikho kwazo zonke ezinye izindlala zesikhumba

Izitha Zomgogodla Womungu

Ama-sperm whale olwandle awanayo izitha zemvelo eziningi kakhulu. Isitha esikhulu i-whales yokubulala ihlasela abesifazane nezilwane ezincane. Ama-Killer imikhomo awalingi ukuzingela. Oshaka abakhulu futhi abayona ingozi enkulu kumkhomo wesidoda.

Kepha kusuka kumuntu omkhulu umonakalo kubantu. Abantu bebelokhu bezingela imikhaza iminyaka eminingi. Kumuntu oyedwa, ungathola amathani ayi-6 e-spermaceti namathani ayi-10 amanoni. Ukubanjiswa okunje kubiza kakhulu.

Kepha ama-sperm whales angakwazi ukuzondla, bekunezimo eziningi lapho lezi zimidondoshiya ziphenduka nemikhumbi emincane. I-sperm whale ingagwinywa ngabadobi emanzini. Futhi uma ubheka izici zokwakheka zale mikhomo eyezinyawo, kuyacaca ukuthi umuntu ungena esiswini ephila. Lapho, ushona ngokushesha ngenxa yokugcwala kanye nomthelela owonakalisayo wejusi esiswini.

Kusukela ngo-1985, ukuzingela imikhomo yesidoda kuvinjelwe, okwaze kwaba nomthelela omubi embonini yezokwelapha neyamakha. Namuhla, cishe eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-500 sperm whale zihlala emanzini olwandle. Isibalo sabantu sikhula kancane, kepha izindaba ezinhle ukuthi azinciphi.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.

Umehluko phakathi kwe-whale ne-sperm whale

Ummeleli omkhulu we-toothy whale suborder, yiqiniso, i-sperm whale ebanzi (Physeter macrocephalus) ebanzi.Kungokwalabo bobabili i-Atlantic kanye ne-Indian and Pacific Oceans, ukusatshalaliswa phezu kwazo zonke izilwandle ezifudumele, kanti eNyakatho naseNingizimu Oceans akuyona.

I-Sperm whale iyisakhamuzi solwandle oluvulekile, ayigcini nje ngokusakazeka kabanzi olwandle lwakubo, kepha kwesinye isikhathi idlula kolunye ulwandle iya kolunye, ngokwesibonelo, umkhomo wesidoda wabulawa olwandle lwe-Atlantic, lapho emzimbeni wakhe kukhona amadada atholakala kuye oLwandle iPacific.

Noma kunjalo, i-sperm whale, ngokusobala, imvamisa ihlala endaweni ethile ekhawulelwe ukusatshalaliswa, ngoba e-Bay of Bengal naseCeylon, lapho ibitholakala khona ngobuningi obukhulu, njengamanje, ngenxa yokushushiswa okunzima, sekuyivelakancane. Kungashiwo okufanayo nangeSouth Pacific.

Ngenxa yamafutha we-whale

Njengokulindelekile, inani lamafutha omkhoma emikhondweni yesidoda samanje ayihlali likhulu njengasezilwaneni ezindala ezikhathini zangaphambili. Umkhomo owodwa omkhulu kakhulu wesidoda, owabanjwa ngo-1857 eduze nesiQhingi saseGalapagos, wanikeza imigqomo engamafutha angama-85, ngenkathi ebanjwa endaweni efanayo ngo-1817 wayinika imiphongolo eyikhulu.

Okwesidoda

Ngaphezu kwamafutha we-whale, i-sperm whale nayo inika lokho okubizwa nge- spermaceti, okuqukethe amanani amakhulu ekhanda lesilwane. Ubukhulu obukhulu bekhanda, bufinyelela cishe ikota eyodwa yobude bomzimba wesilwane, ngakho-ke, kuhlangene nenombolo yamazinyo, kuthi kuwo u-20-25 engxenyeni ngayinye yomhlathi ophansi, uphawu oluyisihluthulelo olujwayelekile lomkhomo wesidoda. Ekhanda lomkhomo wesidoda kukhona umugqa obanzi ogcwele ispermaceti, phansi kwawo kwakhiwa isembozo sgebhezi, kwakha udonga oluphezulu olubheke phezulu engxenyeni yayo engemuva, ecijiswe kakhulu phambi kwesihlakala somgogodla womuthi siphakeme kakhulu futhi sibanzi ngakho-ke kubekwa umgodi omkhulu kuso, lapho inani elikhulu le-spermatozet lingaqongelela khona.

Ngokuphikisana nengxenye engenhla yekhanda, umhlathi omude ophansi, womabili amagatsha awo ahlangana phakathi ne-midline ngebanga elingaba yingxenye yobude bawo bonke, mncane kakhulu.

Amagatsha omhlathi ophansi ahlomile ngamazinyo agobile esiqeshini emuva, abukhali aze acinywe, futhi aqukethe into efana ngokuphelele nophondo lwendlovu. Amazinyo amboza esikhaleni esikhulu phansi komlomo omude nobanzi, avula ngezansi, abuyele kancane kusukela ekugcineni kwesihlakala, aphenduke umphimbo obanzi kakhulu. Cishe ngenhla nje kokuvulwa komlomo, ngqo esiqongweni sesiphetho sesizulu, hhayi phakathi nendawo, futhi ngakwesobunxele sako, kunesici esivulekile se-S esakhiwe emakhaleni, iso likhona kancane ngaphezu kwekona lomlomo, futhi endaweni ethile engemuva kwalo umgodi wendlebe, engadluli kububanzi obungu-6.5 mm.

Kude kude nokugcina, okungukuthi, ngemuva ngemuva futhi okuphansi kweso, kufakwa inhlama yemoto emzimbeni. Umkhomo wesidoda awunayo i-dorsal fa. Esikhundleni salokho, ekuhlanganweni kwekhanda nesidumbu kukhona ukuphakama okucacile okuphakathi nendawo yomhlane, futhi maphakathi nalokhu kukhuphuka nomsila kulele indawo enkulu ngokwendlela yokuqunjelwa okwenziwe uchungechunge lokuphakama okuncane. Ngaphezulu kwendawo yesidwaba umkhomo whale upendiwe ngombala omnyama noma onsundu, izinhlangothi zawo nesisu kulula, kanti isifuba simpunga.

Kwesinye isikhathi i-sperm whale, eyamaduna amadala avame ukubhekana nengxenye engenhla yekhanda ivele ibe mpunga, ihlangana nezimpawu zokukhanya noma ze-piebald ezimnyama. Umkhomo wesidoda ubonakala ngokufaka imibala ngaphakathi komlomo nolimi, zimhlophe qwa. Ngenxa yalesi simo, umkhomo wensumpa ugebha inyamazane yaso, equkethe ama-cephalopods nezinhlanzi, ulenga umhlathi wayo ophansi ucishe ubheke phansi, kanti nezilwane ezizikhonzayo zikhangwa ubumhlophe obukhazimulayo bomlomo, futhi buyabambe, buvale ngokushesha.

Ukuphefumula

Isidoda whale ngaphansi kwamanzi ukudla siyaphazamiseka ngokunemba okunjalo ukuphefumula kwesilwane, ngoba lokhu, mhlawumbe, akwenzeki kwamanye ama-cetaceans. Isidoda imikhaza yobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, yingakho ubulili obuhlukile nobudala, yehluka ngesilinganiso sokuphefumula kanye nesikhathi esichithwa ngaphansi kwamanzi kanye ebusweni bawo.

Iziduna ezinkulu zithatha imizuzwana eyishumi kuye kwayishumi nambili ukuphefumula nokuphuma emzimbeni, zihlala ebusweni bamanzi cishe imizuzu eyi-12 futhi ngalesi sikhathi kuholelwa ukuphefumula nokuphefumula ngalesi sikhathi esingu-60-75. Lapho sperm whale ikhuphuka ngaphezu kwamanzi ukuphefumula, kuqala i-hump yayo, bese ikhanda layo lishiya kancane amanzi, okungathi ngemizuzwana emithathu likhipha ikholomu yomoya egcwele umphunga wamhlophe, kwesinye isikhathi le kholamu ingabonakala phezulu kwesiqu kude. I-10 km, kepha ayihambisani nanoma yimuphi umsindo.

Ukuze uthole i-inhalation, lapho i-sperm whale iqhubekela phambili, ayidingi ngaphezu kwesekhondi. Ngisho nangemva kokuhlala isikhathi esifushane kakhulu phezu kwamanzi, ukhipha amakholomu amakhulu afanayo amanzi, njengasesimweni esichaziwe.

Ukuphefumula ngaphakathi, umkhomo wesidoda uyanyamalala ungaphezulu, ikhanda kuqala futhi liphakamise umsila walo phezulu emoyeni cishe ngokuqondile, emanzini lijula ​​ngokujula okukhulu futhi lihlala phakathi kwemizuzu engama-50-70. Izilwane ezethusayo ziyanyamalala ebusweni bamanzi ngokuzumayo, noma ngabe zilele phezulu emanzini. Uma zingaphazamiseki, khona-ke ngesikhathi sokuphefumula zivame ukulala emanzini ngaphandle kokuqhubekela phambili. Ngokunyakaza okuzolile, babhukuda cishe nge-4-6 km / h, futhi lelijubane lingakhuphuka noma ngabe umkhaza wesidoda usuka kwenye indawo yokuthola ukudla kwabo kuthuthela kwenye. Uma isidoda sika-sperm sintanta, njengenjwayelo, endaweni enamanzi, ukuze kuthi kuphela isikhumba saso siphume, sifinyelela ijubane eli-14 km / h; uma, ngenkathi sibhukuda, silingisa futhi siphakamise ikhanda laso ngaphezulu kwamanzi, kwesinye isikhathi kwesinye isikhathi singabhukuda. -24 km / h

Sperm whale - isilwane sezinkomo

I-Sperm whale ivame ukutholakala emihlambini yezinkomo, ezikhathini ezedlule isukela ku-15 iye kumakhulu ambalwa abantu. Imvamisa abesilisa nabesifazane bayo yonke iminyaka bajoyina imihlambi enjalo ngaphansi kohambo lwamaduna amabili noma amathathu amadala. Abesifazane banakekela ukuphepha komhlambi namawundlu, kuyilapho abesifazane besabeka ngabangane ababulewe, kungani, ngemuva kokubulala umkhomo wokuqala wesidoda, uvame ukubulala abanye abambalwa.

Izinsizwa ezisencane, ngasikhathi esithile sonyaka zakha imihlambi ekhethekile, kunalokho, zishiya abalingani bazo abalimele ziye kwelabo isisulu, kanye nabesilisa abadala, abanye babo, abakhulu kunabo bonke abadala, abanomkhuba wokuhlala isikhashana, ngokusobala futhi bayazikhathalela bona.

Ukuzala ukuzalwa komkhaza

Izinsikazi zomkhomo wesidoda, eziganana ngasiphi isikhathi sonyaka, kwesinye isikhathi ziphonsa umbhangqwana, imvamisa kuphela ikonyana elilodwa, kuthi lapho lizalwa lingamamitha angama 3.3-4.3 m.

Imikhomo yesidoda cishe yaqothulwa ngekhulu le-19, lapho ukudotshwa komkhomo wesidoda kukhokhelwa kahle kakhulu, ngoba i-sperm whale ingenye ebaluleke kakhulu phakathi kwama-cetaceans futhi uwoyela wayo we-whale (blubber) wawubaluleke ngaphezu kwe-blubber yeminye imikhomo. ISpermaceti, ebingatakulwa ngamabhakede asuka ekhanda lesilwane, kodwa eyabe ilukhuni, yabamba iqhaza elibalulekile kwezohwebo, ngaphezu kokuqhoboza kanye ne-spermaceti, okubizwa nge-ambergris, into esetshenziswa ngaphambili Umuthi, futhi manje kumakha wamakha kuphela, uhlala uqukethe izinsalela zama-cephalopods, ngakho-ke kwakheka emathunjini, isisindo sawo esikhulu sachithwa, kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile asivelanga esidlangalaleni, kodwa satholakala sintanta phezu kolwandle.

Ngo-1980, kwethulwa umthetho wokuqedwa kokubulawa kwemikhomo yesidoda futhi inani labo liyalulama.

Lwela impilo

Ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa komkhumbi othambisa izindlebe ku-sperm whale, owokugcina uthukuthele wagana unwabu, ngenxa yalokho isidoda sika-sperm whale sakhala kaningi. Kunobufakazi obungokomlando bemikhumbi eshiswe yilanga ngumkhomo wesidoda. Ngo-1851, isikhumba somkhomo esalimala, saphangisa esikebheni esisodwa esishayayo saze sashayisana nesitimu, saphangisa kwesinye, kepha ukunakwa kwakhe kwaphindiselwa kwesithathu.

Lesi sakamuva sakwazi ukuphunyula kuye ngobunzima, sabe sesiphuthuma esikebheni esikhulu sokuqala, sisondela kuye ngesikebhe esigcwele. Umkhumbi, nokho, wakwazi ukwehla ngosizo lokujika okusheshayo kwesilwane, okwathi ngemuva kwalokho kwawa usizi lokufa futhi lwangakwazi ukuphinda kuhlasela. Okubi kunomunye umkhumbi.

Ngo-1820, engxenyeni eseningizimu yoLwandlekazi iPacific, umkhumbi owodwa wahlaselwa ngumkhomo wesidoda esithukuthele, okwakungowokuqala kweziwombe ezimbili ngenhloso yokulimaza kakhulu umkhumbi, owesibili waphula umnsalo wakhe, emva kwalokho umkhumbi wacwila. Ngendlela efanayo, umkhumbi ulahlekile ngo-1851 ugu lwasePeru. Kunombono wokuthi eminingi yemikhumbi enyamalalayo ifa ngemikhomo yesidoda.

Ukuhamba kwe-sperm whale

Emva kwalokho, uhamba ibanga elingaphansi kwamanzi, ukuze ngosizo lwamandla, ngokuvamisile elandela ngokulandelana kokushaywa kwefayidali, athole lelo jubane elingamvumela ukuba abuye futhi ngaphezulu kwamanzi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umzimba wakhe ngokushesha ngemuva kokushiya amafomu wamanzi acishe abe yingxenye yegumbi elingakwesokudla nangaphezulu kwamanzi, futhi inhlansi ye-caudal ihlala isendaweni evundlile. Lapho ewa phansi, umzimba uphenduka kancane ukuze isilwane ngaso sonke isikhathi siwele ngasohlangothini lwaso.

Indlela Yokuphila Nempilo

Isisekelo (80%) sokudla kwesidalo se-sperm whale yi-cephalopods: ama-squid, kufaka phakathi ama-giants angaphezu kwe-10 m, nama-octopus. Ilwa nemisipha emikhulu yesidoda, kungenzeka ukuthi, kungenxa yezibazi nemaki evela ezinkomeni zokuphuza ebusweni nasezimizimbeni. Futhi, ngokusho komunye wama-hypotheses we- “umlomo” wama-squid adliwayo, okucasulayo amathumbu omgogodla wesidoda, kuvusa ukubukeka kwe-ambergris, into enephunga elisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amakha. Ngaphezu kwama-cephalopods, ama-sperm whales adla, yize engaphansi kakhulu, izinhlanzi (ama-stingrays, oshaka abancane, i-pollock, i-cod, i-saury, i-sea bass, njll., Kanye nezinhlobo ezijulile zolwandle - ama-macroruses kanye nama-angler). Imidumba yemidala yabantu abadala idonsa kuze kufike kuthani lokudla ngosuku, okuyi-3% yesisindo sabo.

Ama-sperm whales enza ama-dives ajule kakhulu phakathi kwezilwane ezincelisayo. Ekuphishekeleni inyamazane, zishona ziye ekujuleni kwe-1,2 km. Kwesinye isikhathi aqoqana kusuka phansi phansi kwezinkalankala, amakhrayoni, izipanji, ngisho namatshe. Njengoba amatshe engabhujiswa ujusi we-gastric, ama-sperm whales ngokuqinisekile ayawadinga ukuba agaye ukudla ngesisu esiswini. Umkhomo wokudla isidoda ungahlala ngaphansi kwamanzi isikhathi esingafika emahoreni ayi-1.5, esiza okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-myoglobin emisipha yayo kanye nokuzwela okuncishisiwe kwesikhungo sokuphefumula ekuqongeleleni i-carbon dioxide egazini.

Ucezwana lwesikhumba somkhomo esisemuva esimbozwe izibazi kusuka ku-squid sucker enkulu

Ijubane lomkhomo we-sperm whale ngu-5-6, ukubhukuda - 9–13, ukuxoshwa noma ukulinyazwa - 16-30 km / h. Umthombo we-sperm whale ubanzi, ubekiwe ngaphambili nangakwesobunxele, kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-2 000. Lapho umkhomo ulungiselela ukujula, uphakamisa umsila wawo ungene phezulu emoyeni bese ungena emanzini ucishe ubheke phezulu. Uma isidoda whale, diving, engakhombisi umsila ke uyacwila. Isidoda esijabulile siphuma emanzini, siwa ngesikhala sokuzwa, sishaya kakhulu umsila waso emanzini. Ngaphansi kwamanzi, bazulazula ngokuzwa nangokwezinkanyezi, benza izinhlobo ezintathu zemisindo: ukuchofoza okufushane nokwenziwe njalo, ukukhonkotha okukhonkolo kanye nokuqhekeka kaningi.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

I-Sperm whale polygamen: i-harem enezinsikazi ezifika ku-10-15 ilandela owesilisa kanye nabancelayo. Uma izidumbu zihlanganiswa zibe ngumhlambi owodwa, lapho amaduna amadala ambalwa agcinwa nakho. Endaweni ethile phakathi kweminyaka engu-4 kuya kwengama-21 ubudala, izinsizwa zesilisa ezisencane zishiya umhlambi futhi zihlangane emaqenjini abizwa ngokuthi ama-bachelor. Ngokukhula kweminyaka, la maqembu ayahlukana; abesilisa abavuthiwe bavame ukugcina eyodwa ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzala.

Ukuzala kabusha kumikhomo yesidoda kuyelulwa futhi kwenzeka unyaka wonke. Ukuvuthwa okukhulu kakhulu kuyabonakala entwasahlobo. Umjaho kwabesilisa uqhubeka nodlame futhi uhambisana nokulwa. Amaqembu eBachelor abesilisa abasebasha awabambi iqhaza ekuzaleni kabusha. Abesilisa abavuthiwe balwa bodwa ngokwabo ukuthola indawo yenhloko yezingane, kwesinye isikhathi bezilimaza kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, amaphesenti ayi-10-25 kuphela amadoda amadala ahlanganyela ekuzaleni.

Ama-Cub (ubude obu-3.5-5 m no-1 t osindayo) azalwa izinyanga ezi-14-16 emva kokukhulelwa. Owesifazane wondla iwundlu kuze kube yiminyaka emi-2. Isidoda imikhomo sivuthwe eminyakeni eyi-8 - 11 (izintokazi). Abesilisa cishe baneminyaka eyi-10 ubudala, noma imvamisa bengahlanganyeli ekukhiqizweni kuze kube yiminyaka engama-25-27 ubudala. Isidoda whale uhlala, cishe, iminyaka engama-45-50.

Isimo Sabantu Nokuvikelwa

Idatha eningi enembile ayitholakali. Ngokusekelwe ekuchashisweni kwemiphumela yokubonwayo, kulinganiselwa ekusakazweni okubanzi - ukusuka kuma-200,000 kuya kwabangu-2 000 000 abantu. Yize kunesisulu esidala kakhulu, inani lemikhomo yesidoda selizinzile ukwedlula inani leminye imikhomo, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi isidoda whales sidla iziloba ezijulile olwandle, esivunwa kancane kakhulu.

Isisekelo seWikimedia. 2010.

Bona ukuthi "Sperm Whales" kwezinye izichazamazwi:

- (Physeteridae), umndeni wezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle wesigcotshwa se-toothed whale, kufaka phakathi izinhlobo ezimbili: imikhomo yangempela yesidoda (Physeter, inhlobo eyodwa) kanye nemikhomo yobudoda obumide (izinhlobo ezimbili). Ekhanda elikhulu lama-sperm whales, umcamelo onamafutha ovela ku-spermaceti (ukuya ku-6 t), amazinyo ... ... I-Encyclopedic Dictionary

isidoda imikhomo - kašalotai statusas T sritis zoologija | vardynas taksono rangas gentis apibrėžtis Gentyje 1 rūšis. AmaPaplitimo arealas - visi vandenynai, išskyrus šaltas poliarines sritis. atitikmenys: okuningi. Physeter angl. isidoda whales vok. UPottwale rus. sperm whales ... ... Žinduolių pavadinimų žodynas

Isidoda isidoda semikhaza ... Wikipedia

I-Dwarf Sperm Whale Science Scientization Classization Kingdom: Uhlobo Lwezilwane: Chordates ... Wikipedia

Kuyafana nekogii ... I-Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Ifana ne-kogii. * * * Isidoda isidoda whales Imikhaza isidoda isidlo, okufanayo kogii (bona KOGII) ... isichazamazwi se-Encyclopedic

Umndeni we-Sperm whale - 6.4.1. I-Sperm Whale Physeter Sperm Whale>

Ingozi ebantwini

Ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-sperm whale ingakhuculula ngisho nomkhumbi omkhulu ngokwanele, i-sperm whale nayo iyona kuphela yazo zonke izilwane ezingaginya umuntu wonke. Futhi lesi simo sasivame ukusetshenziswa ezinganekwaneni ezihlukene nasezinganekwaneni.

Ngokuvamile, umkhomo wesilwane whale unokuthula impela, uma ungazami ukumlimaza yena noma inzalo yakhe.