Umbuso: | Eumetazoi |
I-infraclass: | Helminthomorpha |
Isigcawu: | Kivsyaki |
Kivsyaki (lat. Julida) - Ukudonswa kwezigayo ezinemilenze emibili, kuchazwe ngudokotela wezilwane oyiNgisi uWilliam Leach ngonyaka we-1814.
Iqembu elijwayelekile lama-invertebrates asemhlabeni ahlala kudoti wehlathi, kufaka phakathi izindawo ezibandayo ezishisayo.
Izici kanye nendawo yokuhlala ye-kivsyak
Kivsyak - Lokhu kungumbala wasemhlabeni kusukela ngokulandwa kwezigayo ezinemilenze emibili futhi kungokwokujwayelekile kwezinhlobo zazo.
Kuningi okubhaliselwe kwe-kivsyakov. Futhi ngalinye lazo lihlukile kwamanye ngombala nosayizi, okuhlukahluka kusuka kumamilimitha ambalwa kuya kuma-millimitha angama-3-4 noma ngaphezulu.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi avume ngekhanda. Lolu hlobo lwamadizili lungaba ngumnikazi wemilenze engaphezu kwamakhulu ayisikhombisa, kepha ngenye indlela lufana nesibungu esikhulu. Kungumhlali wase-Afrika, ocebile ngezinhlobonhlobo futhi ezimangazayo zalesi zinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Njengoba kubonakala ku isithombe, anikine ikhanda inekhanda okuyi-antennae, izitho zokuthinta nezokuhogela, nezigaba eziningi.
Esithombeni kunikina ikhanda
Izingxenye ze-millipede zihlanganiswa zibe yiyunithi eyodwa futhi zimbozwe ngegobolondo, ingaphezulu lazo lilukhuni kangangokuba lingavikeleki futhi livikeleke ekulimaleni komshini, lifane nezikhali.
Igobolondo lalezi zimililitha lingaba nsundu, liphuzi neminye imibala. Kukhona anikine ikhanda. Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo kukhona nabantu abane-orchid ethandekayo. Umbala ohlaba umxhwele kakhulu une african nibbleequkethe izingxenye eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ezibomvu neziphuzi.
Zingaba neminye imibala ekhanyayo, futhi zibe mnyama ngokuphelele. Avume ngekhanda inombala oluhlaza okotshani. Futhi imiphetho yezingxenye ezisegobolondweni layo inezihlukaniso ezicacile, ezimnyama.
Esithombeni uNomonde anikine ikhanda
AmaKivsyaki ahlala embozweni osehlathini, indawo enamaqabunga awileyo, amagxolo ezihlahla, izithelo, izimbali namagatsha, ngokuvamile abizwa ngokuthi udoti wehlathi. Zijabulile, ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica. I-Kivsyak grey - Ukuvela okujwayelekile kwamahlathi akhula emendweni ophakathi nendawo, kanye namahlathi ama-oki ezinkulukazi eziseningizimu.
Isimo nendlela yokuphila kaKivsyak
Imfucumfucu yamahlathi, lapho i-kivsyaki ihlala khona, inabantu abaningi kakhulu ngezinto eziphilayo ukuze kufinyelele kwisigidi kutholakala kunoma iyiphi imitha yesikwele, kusukela kumagciwane ajwayelekile kuya ezinambuzaneni, ama-invertebrates kanye nezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane.
Kulesi simo, unikina uchitha impilo yakhe, edabula izindledlana ezihamba emhlabathini, egcwele izakhamizi eziningi. Ngaphandle kwenani elikhulu lemilenze, lesi silwane sihamba kancane futhi, uma kuvela usongo, asikwazi ukunyamalala masinyane emkhakheni wokubuka into engemnandi.
Esithombeni kukhona ama-brown kivsyaki
Kodwa-ke, endaweni yemvelo yalolu hlobo lwezimila eziyizigidigidi azikho izitha, ngaphandle kwezikhaza ezivuthayo ezivela kuzo. Bathola lokhu kuphepha ngezindlela eziphumelelayo zokuvikela ezinikezwe yimvelo yabo. Ama-kivsyaks awadingi ukufihla izilwane ezidla ezinye futhi axosha izinyamazane zawo, ngakho-ke izimpilo ezinomlingiswa omubi.
Futhi isimo sabo abasithandayo, ukushushuluza emhlabathini, ukuzitika ngobuningi buthule. Ukuzivikela engozini, unikina ikhanda kukhala indandatho. Kepha bangasabisa isitha nephunga elingajabulisi.
Ukuzivikela okunjalo kusebenza kakhulu kangangokuba ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane zisebenzisa le mpahla ethokozisayo yamamilimitha. Isibonelo, ama-lemurs esabisa ngamabomu i-kivsyakov, bese uyihlikihla. Futhi iphunga elithile elinjalo lisindisa ngempumelelo izilwane ezilwaneni.
Kukholelwa ukuthi lapho umbala wegobolfish ucwazimula kakhulu, uthola iphunga ngokwengeziwe. Kepha kunuka kabi kakhulu unikina umhlophe - i-albino. Abalandeli be-exoticism, abahehwa ukubukeka kwangempela kwe-kivsyak, baluthakasele ngentshiseko lolu hlobo lwamamayela ekhaya.
Kakhulu abalandeli bemvelo bathanda ukugcina izinhlobo zase-Afrika ezinjengezinyoka ezincane, ezihlukile kuzo kuphela lapho kunemilenze. I-Kivsyakov ingagcinwa kuma-terrariums nasezitsheni ezijwayelekile zepulasitiki. I-Kivsyak millipede ayidingi izimo ezikhethekile nokunakekelwa.
Futhi ngokuzalanisa kwabo, into esemqoka ukuhlinzeka ngokudla okunempilo, umswakama odingekayo, kanye nenani elanele lomhlabathi nesihlabathi ukuze bakwazi ukuthatha umhlalaphansi endaweni yabo yemvelo. Ukwenza ngcono izimo, kubalulekile ukutshala izitshalo eziningana ezifanele emhlabathini.
Ukungathandeki kwama-centipedes yimvelo yabo yesabekayo engajwayelekile. Ekujabuleni okuncane, bagoqana babe yibhola nezinto ezifihlakele - uketshezi lwe-caustic oludala iphunga le-iodine elingathandeki.
Futhi uma uzibamba ezandleni zakho, udinga ukugqoka amagilavu futhi uqaphele, ngoba ukunengeka kwawo, ukuchitheka kwe-fetid kungonakalisa izingubo, ezigezwa ngokugeza kahle.
Kepha okukhangayo ezilwaneni ukuthanda kwabo ukuthula, hhayi nhlobo abanolaka, umlingiswa. Kuyiqiniso, abanobungane kakhulu futhi bayazicabangela bona. Thenga i-kivsyaka ingaba nabazalisi nge-Intanethi, futhi kubiza cishe ama-ruble angama-600.
UKivsyak umsoco
Ama-Kivsyaki adla kakhulu, futhi ngenyanga yokuphila akwazi ukudonsa ibhakede lonke lokudla. Zidla ngamaqabunga ezihlahla namakhowe, zidla namagxolo nezithombo ezibolile zezitshalo.
Lapho zigcinwa ekhaya, zinganikezwa cishe noma yiluphi uhlobo lokudla, ziyadla futhi ziyadla ngenhliziyo edliwayo, kepha zidla ushizi we-cottage shizi nanoma yikuphi ukudla kwezitshalo, izithelo nemifino ngesifiso esikhethekile.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi i-kivsyaki ithanda i-chalk, esebenza njengomthombo wamavithamini kanye ne-calcium, okudingeka ukuqinisa igobolondo labo eliqinile. Esikhundleni salokho, unganikeza namaqanda amaqanda. Ama-Kivsyak anezintandokazi zawo zokucula, futhi abantu abahlukile balezi zimililitha bangaba nokuthandwa okuhlukile kwesikhumba.
Lapho ubanakekela, ukudla kufanele kufakwe njengoba kudliwa, futhi kungcono ukuhlanza okusele njalo ukugwema isikhunta kuwo. Ama-Kivsyaki athanda ukuzaliswa ngomquba, osebenza njengendawo yawo ekahle yokuzalanisa.
Kungakho abanikazi abaningi bezingadi nezingadi zasekhishini, ngeshwa, bathola lolu hlobo lwamamayela olungakakhuli ngokuphelele lube olwabo indlu yezwe.
Kivsyaki konakalisa izimpande zezitshalo, ezivimba izithombo ukuthi zikhule kahle futhi zithole izakhi zomzimba ezidingekayo enhlabathini. Izinambuzane ezinje ezibunjiweyo zincane, zisuka kumamilimitha ambalwa kuya kwesentimitha nesiqingatha.
Ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo, angama-olive, ansundu, amnyama, aphuzi futhi mhlophe. Zine-setae ezingavamile, ama-warts amaningi emzimbeni kanye namabhuzu amabili emilenze kuleyo naleyo ngxenye.
Izinambuzane zivame ukuzalaniswa kuma-sitrobheli, kivsyaki fika lapho ngomquba osezingeni eliphansi. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngaphambi kokuthenga umanyolo, kufanele ubuyekeze ngokucophelela uma kungenzeka ukuthi kukhona izibungu ezinobungozi noma kivsyaki.
Ungasusa kanjani kusuka kulemilayidi? Kuyadingeka ukuhlanza inhlabathi kanye nezindawo zokugcina izithombo zemfucumfucu yesitshalo ngesikhathi, futhi nokuhlanza inhlabathi minyaka yonke ngezindlela ezishisayo nez zamakhemikhali.
Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside
Kivsyak millipede endaweni yemvelo zibekela amaqanda ngqo enhlabathini, lapho zihlala khona phakathi kwama-humus.
Kulezi zinhlayiya, kuvela izibungu ezingabonakali ngokuhlukile kusuka ezincwadini zabantu abadala, ezinemilenze embalwa kuphela. Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, ama-millipedes nezibungu zazo agobhoza ajulile enhlabathini, ancamela ukucasha izingqimba ezinomswakama ofanele. Futhi-ke, emazweni anesimo sezulu esingesihle, ibhekana nobusika.
Umuntu wesilisa osemigidigweni angabonakala ngokuba khona kwama-Homopods, abukeka njengamalungu akhona engxenyeni engaphakathi yesekhanda lekhanda. Lokhu kubalulekile ukwazi kulabo abazalanisa i-kivsyakov ekhaya. Uma abantu bobulili obuhlukile bethangi elilodwa noma i-terrarium, ukuzwana kwenzeka phakathi kwabo.
Kepha uma ligcinwa ezimweni ezingafanele: umswakama ophansi noma ukungondleki okwanele, lokhu akusona isibonakaliso sokuthi insikazi izokwazi ukubeka amaqanda. Ngokuqukethwe okuhle kakhulu nokudla okuhlukahlukene, ama-nibs angaphila kuze kuphele iminyaka eyishumi nambili noma ngaphezulu.
Ukwakha
Zinomzimba omise okomhlonyane, oyindilinga noma ocishe ube yinqola. Umzimba wabantu abadala uvame ukuba nezigaba ezingaphezu kwama-30. Amehlo ngokuvamile avezwa, okungenani ngendlela yamehlo ahlukile, ancishiswa ngokuphelele. Izingxenye zesisu zakhiwa izingxenye ezimbili ezifakiwe ezenziwe ingxenye ephindwe kabili (diplosomite). Ingxenye yangaphandle ye-diplosomite ibizwa nge-prosomite, i-posterior metasomite. Ama-tergites alezi zingxenye abizwa nge-prozonite ne-metazonite, ngokulandelana. AmaMetazonite abamele i-oda Julida ane-stitation ye-longitudinal kulo lonke ujikelezo noma ngaphansi kwezinga le-ozopore nge-bristles noma ngaphandle. I-Pleurisy imvamisa ihlangana nama-tergites abe yi-arch eyodwa ye-pleurotergic. Ama-Sternites ne-pleuralgal arch ahlangana ngezinga elikhulu abe yindandatho eyodwa futhi nemingcele yama-sternites ayicacile (ngokwesibonelo, uJulidae noBlilulidae). Emndenini weNemasomatidae, ama-sternites akhululekile.
Izici zangaphandle ezijwayelekile ze-kivsyak
Kude kude, inkathazo ifana nesibungu. Uma usuhlolisisa, uzobona ukuthi unenqwaba yezitho ezithobile, ezimfishane. Izigaba zishiwo, ziningi. Engxenyeni ngayinye kunamabili ama-2 wemilenze. Kubantu abadala, kunezigaba ezifika ku-30. Amehlo e-arthropod makhulu, atholakala ezinhlangothini zekhanda. Kwezinye izinhlobo, ziyancishiswa.
Wonke ama-kivsyaki anezici ezilandelayo ezihlukile:
- babe nezimpondo (ikakhulukazi ezimfishane, ezihlanganisa izingxenye ezi-5),
- ukuphefumula kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-trachea (emelelwa yizimbobo ezincane zokuphefumula),
- abesilisa nabesifazane behluka ngenani lemilenze esigabeni sesi-7 (kwabesilisa, umbhangqwana owodwa uguqulwa ube yi-gonopod),
- umzimba ophansi ubushelelezi kunaphezulu, izingxenye ezithile azibonakali.
Onke ama-invertebrates ale-oda ambozwe ngegobolondo le-chitinous, umbala wawo ongashintsha ngoku-molting. Umbala ikakhulukazi onsundu, ompunga noma omnyama, abameleli abomvu nabamhlophe abajwayelekile. Amabala nemifantu kungenzeka.
Ngaphandle, izibungu zeKivsyak ziyefana nabantu abadala. Umehluko omkhulu usayizi wamamayela. Intsha ikakhulukazi ivame ukuba nombala olula ukwedlula abazali bayo. Njengoba bekhula baba mnyama.
Ama-Giant noma ama-nods ase-Afrika (i-Archispirostreptus gigas)
I-Giant African nibble (Archispirostreptus gigas), isithombe
Indawo yokuhlala yaseMpumalanga Afrika. Lolu hlobo lithandwa kakhulu njengesilwane esifuywayo. Ukuhlala emahlathini, ama-invertebrates akuvamile ukubahlupha abantu. Ubude bomzimba bungamasentimitha angama-30. Umbala umnyama, uyakhazimula. Izinyawo zibomvu noma zibomvu. Isikhathi sokuphila yiminyaka eyi-7, ezimweni ezifanele singaphila iminyaka eyi-10.
Ukukhuphuka kunobuthi futhi kungacasula ulwelwesi lwama-mucous. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ubuthi abulimalanga ngisho nasezitheni zemvelo ze-arthropod, okungukuthi, akubeki usongo olukhulu futhi bunenhloso eyethusayo ekhethekile.
USandy nodule (Schizophyllum sabulosum)
Sandy nodule (Schizophyllum sabulosum), isithombe
Ikhulukazi ejwayelekile eRussia. Umbala umnyama noma onsundu, imivimbo emibili ebomvu noma ephuzi emzimbeni. Ihlala kokubili emahlathini nasemasimini. Ubude bomzimba bungamasentimitha angama-2,5-4,5. Isikhathi esiningi kufihlwe kumakhasi amadala notshani obudala.
I-rainbow nibble (i-Aulacobolus rubropunctatus)
I-rainbow nibble (Aulacobolus rubropunctatus), isithombe
Umbala oyinhloko umhlophe noma mpunga okhanyayo. I-bluish tint kungenzeka. Engxenyeni ngayinye yale arthropod kukhona indandatho emnyama ekhanyayo. Ngasemuva kunomugqa obomvu obude obude onemiphetho emnandi. Izingalo nezinsizwa kubomvu ngombala. Engxenyeni yokugcina ungabona isipikili esincane. Ubude bomzimba ongu-10 cm cm. Ukulindelwa kokuphila iminyaka engama-5-7.
Ekuqaleni, iyisakhamuzi saseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia (Vietnam, Thailand). Kunolaka kunezinye izinhlobo futhi kungazama ukuluma, ikakhulukazi ngokucindezela isikhathi eside noma ukubulawa yindlala.
I-Olive nod (I-Telodeinopus aoutii)
U-Olive nod (Telodeinopus aoutii), isithombe
Iyisakhamuzi sasehlathini lemvula laseNingizimu Afrika. Ukukhetha kakhulu ngokudla, onobungane. Ingafinyelela ku-24 cm ubude. Umbala ungowomnqumo kakhulu (wamazinga ahlukahlukene wokugcwaliseka). Umbala wabanye abantu usondele kphuzi noma mpunga. Amasongo amnyama ansundu atholakala engxenyeni ngayinye, kepha awabonakali kakhulu kubamele abamnyama. Izinyawo zinezimbobo, izintuthwane zinombala womzimba.
Kulula ukuyigcina futhi uyilondoloze, ngakho-ke ama-novices ajwayele ukuqalwa.
IMadagascar nodule (Aphistogoniulus corallipes)
IMadagascar kivsyak (Aphistogoniulus corallipes), isithombe
Ihlala eMadagascar kuphela futhi ayiyona ingozi enkulu kubalimi. Ubude bomzimba bungamasentimitha ayi-10,5. Siyisithole esidumile ngenxa yombala waso okhanyayo. Umbala oyinhloko womzimba ubomvu ngemithunzi ehlukahlukene. Amasongo amnyama nawo akhona. Izimbambo zivame ukuxegisa futhi kwesinye isikhathi zibambeke kunomzimba. Isikhathi sokuphila esiseduze kweminyaka emi-5.
Desert nibble (Orthoporus ornatus)
Desert nibble (Orthoporus ornatus), isithombe
Indawo yokuhlala yase-United States naseMexico. I-centipede ayithobeki, ibekezelela ukungabikho kwamanzi kahle. Ifinyelela ku-12-14 cm ubude. Umbala ungahluka kakhulu. Okuvame kakhulu ama-nods amnyama aphuzi namakhanda ansundu akhanyayo. Mhlawumbe ukuba khona kwendandatho emnyama engakhanyi kakhulu.
I-Crimean kivsyak (i-flavour yePachyiulus)
I-Crimean kivsyak (i-flavour Pachyiulus), isithombe
Inosayizi omaphakathi - imvamisa cishe 4-5 cm (yize bekukhona imibukiso futhi iphindwe kabili). Izabelo azinobuthi, zinephunga elingathandeki. Umbala ungwevu onsundu nge-tint yensimbi ekhanyayo. Kuhamba kancane futhi kuthule kakhulu, kuvame ukutholakala kumapaki nasehlathini.
Kwabalimi, lawo ma-arthropods amancane ngobukhulu futhi angenakudlula ngombala ayingozi ikakhulukazi. Izinhlobo ezinkulu zingatholakala ekhaya. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo ezincane zezinhlanzi zasezindaweni ezishisayo zinobuthi obunamandla. Bangashiya ukushiswa okukhulu. Kodwa-ke, izinhlobo ezinjalo azivamile.
Kuyingozi yini kivsyaki?
Esikhathini esiningi, lezi zimilozi azilimazi izingadi. Kodwa-ke, ukuzalwa kabusha kubangela ukusweleka kokudla. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-kivsyaki iqala ukudla izimpande ezintsha kanye namahlumela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imishini yokugaya ungaqala ukudla amahlumela amasha ngenxa yokuntuleka komswakama, i.e. ngomile owedlulele wenhlabathi.
Bangadla amajikijolo avuthiwe wezitshalo ezithile. Ikakhulu kaningi zitholakala kuma-sitrobheli. Izimpawu zomonakalo ziyizimbobo ezimajikijolo, kwesinye isikhathi kuvela izibungu kuzo. Ngemuva kokulimala, amajikijolo awafaneleki ukudliwa.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ngenxa yobugwala, imibala kanye nobusuku, kunzima kakhulu ukubona inkathazo phakathi nosuku.
Ngabe i-kivsyaki iyingozi kubantu?
AmaKivsyaki abhekwa ephephile kubantu, awalumi noma ahlasele. Uma kwenzeka ingozi, i-kivsyaki ikhipha imfihlo enephunga elimnandi; kwezinye izinhlobo zama-invertebrates, ingaba ubuthi futhi ibangele ukusabela komzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma imfihlo ingena nge-mucous mucous, izobangela ukucasuka.
Kepha konke lokhu kubangela ukungajabuli okukhulu, akunobungozi obukhulu ukusuka ekuhlanganyeleni nge-nod.
Ingabe kukhona inzuzo evela ku-kivsyak?
Inani elincane, ama-kivsyaki angama-cohabitants awusizo.Emvelweni, asiza ukusheshisa ukubola kwezinsalela zezinto eziphilayo futhi adlale indima enkulu ekucebiseni inhlabathi nge-oxygen. Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile kwamukelwa ukuthi i-millipede enjalo ilusizo kakhulu kunokulimaza. Ngakho-ke, ukubhujiswa kwalo esivandeni akuyona neze impoqo. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqapha inani lezilwane nomswakama wenhlabathi.
Ungasusa kanjani nibble?
Ngaphambi kokukhetha noma iyiphi indlela yomzabalazo, kufanele unake ukucubungula nge-agrotechnical. Kunconywa ukubhubhisa wonke ukhula, ukuqeda amaqabunga awileyo, amabhodi nomquba, lapho ukunqekuza ikhanda kungafihla futhi kwandise.
Kubalulekile ukukhomba inkathazo ngendlela efanele. UMillipede ulimaza izimpande zemifino, amajikijolo, iziqu, izimpande namaqabunga. Imvamisa, umonakalo ubonakala incane futhi "umgodi" omncane onqunyiwe. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yomonakalo onjalo, ukukhula kwezitshalo kuncipha, izithelo zivele zingakulungele ukusetshenziswa. Izilimo eziyizimpande ezinjengama-beet noma izaqathi ziba mnyama kakhulu bese zibola ngokushesha. Naphezu komonakalo ongasho lutho, lesi sitshalo sife ngokushesha ngokwanele.
Amakhemikhali
Lapho silwa nezilokazane eziningi, le ndlela iyona esebenzayo kakhulu. Kodwa ukunikina ikhanda kuyinto eyehlukile. Igobolondo le-chitin eligobekayo liyalivikela ekuvezweni kwama-insecticides. Futhi ngisho nokwelashwa kwezitshalo ezidliwe yile arthropod akunikezi imiphumela oyifunayo. Amakhemikhali angabhubhisa izibungu kuphela, amaqanda we-centipede ngokuvamile. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela yomzabalazo ayikuvumeli ngokuphelele ukuthi ususe ngokuphelele isibalo sabantu be-nibs.
Izindlela ezisebenzayo zokulwa nezibungu kungaba yiFury, Actofit, Decis, Zemlin, njll.
Izindlela zabantu
Izindlela ezinjalo ezimweni eziningi ziba nokuxosha izinambuzane ngosizo lwephunga. Kungaba infusions noma izixazululo. Kodwa-ke, ama-nods awaphenduli kakhulu ezindleleni ezinjalo zomzabalazo. Inketho ephumelela kunazo zonke ukutshala izitshalo ezingadalulwanga, okungukuthi umhlophe wesinaphi. Ngendlela, ngeke nje isabise amamilayidi, kepha futhi ibe nomphumela omuhle enhlabathini.
Kodwa indlela ephumelela kunazo zonke yokubhekana nama-nods ukucubungula ngomshini. Lapho usebenzisa le ndlela, kwakheka izicupho ezahlukahlukene. Imvamisa amelelwa izinketho ezilandelayo:
- Amabhodi. Phakathi kwemibhede udinga ukwenza ama-recesses bese uwamboza ngamabhodi noma nge-plywood. Ama-Arthropod afihla ngokuzikhandla ezindaweni ezinjalo usuku lonke. Kuyadingeka ukukhuphula ibhodi ngezikhathi ezithile futhi ususe izinambuzane.
- Ibhange noma ibhodlela. Eduze kwendawo okuhlalwa kuyo imishini yokugaya, kuyadingeka ukubeka imbiza emhlabathini. Kubalulekile ukuthi ibekwe ngqo emazingeni aphansi. Izama ukuwela isithiyo, ingxenye yezithinta izowela ngaphakathi.
- Isibambo. Ingasetshenziswa ngokuhlukile futhi ngokuhlangana nezindlela ezedlule ukwengeza ukusebenza kahle. Njengesithiyidi, kungcono ukuthatha amazambane, izaqathe, izimbotshana zemifino noma eminye imifino. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-sitrobheli kuyamukeleka futhi. I-Kivsyakov idinga ukuqoqwa ngesandla, kepha kungcono ukugqoka amagilavu ukuvikela isikhumba ekusithekeni kwabo.
Imigodi yomquba iba ugibe olusebenzayo. Ngokugcina izimo zilungele imayipha lapho, umuntu anganciphisa okwesikhashana izinga lokulimala. Kodwa-ke, umsebenzi oyinhloko ukulinda ekwindla sekwephuzile. Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, udinga ukumba inqwaba, wonke amakhanda azohlala ngaphandle kokukhosela futhi afe.
Ukuvimbela
Indlela engcono yokubhekana nenkathazo ukugwema ukubonakala kwayo esizeni. Imithetho eminingi yokuvimbela ihlukumeza. Izici eziphoqelekile yilezi:
- ukutshalwa kwentwasahlobo
- ukukhululwa kwaphezulu kwaphezulu,
- ukulima sekwindla sekwephuzile
- ukumiswa komhlaba,
- ukugoqa sitrobheli ngotshani,
- ukususwa kwazo zonke izithelo ezilimele,
- ukuvuna ngesikhathi.
Izilinganiso ezinkulu zemfucumfucu endaweni nazo zingadala imishini. I-invertebrate imvamisa ifihla ngaphansi kwezinto zakudala ezingasetshenziswa isikhathi eside. Izindawo zokukhosela ezingenzeka kufanele zichithwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Kunconywa ukuba uqaphele ikakhulukazi lapho uthenga futhi usebenzisa umquba, humus kanye nomquba. Lokhu imbangela evame kakhulu ye-arthropod engena kwisayithi. Kubalulekile ukuthi uqale uqinisekise ukungatholakali kwezinambuzane ngokuphelele noma ukuyeke ngokuphelele ukusetshenziswa komanyolo we-organic.
Ukubukeka nesakhiwo
Umzimba womuntu omdala unezigaba ezingama-30 noma ngaphezulu. Lesi sithombe sikhombisa ukuthi uKivsyak unemilenze ebhangqiwe.
Ingahlukaniswa izingxenye ezimbili - izingxenye ezintathu zokuqala zinikezwa ngebhande elilodwa lemilenze, zilandelwe izingxenye ezimbili ezinemilenze ephindwe kabili. Ukwakheka komzimba kuyindilinga esigabeni, kuyasiza ukuhamba kalula emhlabathini. Izigidi zamaphayiphu zidla imfucumfucu yesitshalo, zingadla izimpande, amahlumela, nezithelo. Ehlathini lemfucumfucu, amaqabunga ayachithwa, ayacutshungulwa, avundulula inhlabathi. Ukuphefumula kwenziwa nge-trachea, kunezihlakala ezingxenyeni zomzimba - ukuvuleka kokuphefumula. UMillipede kivsyak unenhliziyo enamagumbi amaningi, futhi uhlelo lwezinzwa luxhumeke ebuchosheni. Ezinhlotsheni eziningi, umbono awunamandla noma awukho. Izitho zomqondo ziyizithulu.
Imininingwane. Izigidi zihamba ngendlela ekhethekile. Izibalo ezingaphambili zingezokuqala ukubandakanyeka, bese kuba uhlobo lwensimbi olungena emzimbeni, kusukela emilenzeni yokuxhuma.
Amagiya okuvikela
Umzimba wamamayela noma ama-diplopods ezinemilenze emibili uhlukaniswe izingxenye. Ngayinye yayo ivikelwe kuzo zonke izinhlangothi ngezihlangu, ezifakwe kwigobolondo elivamile. Lesi sekhava se-chitinous siyadingeka kwizidalwa ezihlala phansi. Akuvumeli umzimba ukuba ukome, uvikele ekulimaleni nakwizinyamazane. Enye indlela evikelayo yizindlala ezinobuthi ezingxenyeni ezingemuva zezingxenye. Uma kwenzeka ingozi, bakhipha imfihlo ekhethekile nephunga le-pungent. Ezinhlotsheni eziningi, akuyona ingozi kubantu. Imililitha ethile eshisayo kuphela engadala ukushiswa kwamakhemikhali esikhunjeni. Kubalulekile ukuvikela uketshezi ukuthi ungangeni emehlweni nasezilwelweni ze-mucous. Izitha zemvelo ze-kivsyak ziyizilwane ezihuquzelayo nezinyoni, imfihlo enobuthi iyesabisa izitha eziningi.
Ukunakwa Ezimweni eziningi, lapho ezizwa esongelwa, avume ngekhanda aqonde phezulu, amboze isisu nemilenze. Ezinye izinhlobo zinombala wokuxwayisa.
Izinambuzane zezitshalo ezitshaliwe
Abalimi bavame ukuthola i-kivsyakov kuma-sitrobheli. Ungababona kuphela ngosuku lwamafu. Lesi sinambuzane sicashe elangeni, siyasebenza ebusuku. Izimpawu zomonakalo ziyizimbobo ezimajikijolo, kwesinye isikhathi kuvela izibungu kuzo. Ama-Strawberry abe engakufanele ukudla.
Esikhathini esibandayo nesimanzi, izigxobo ezilimaza izimpande zezitshalo nezitshalo zezimpande - izaqathe, beet, isithombo. Ukulimala engadini kubangelwa yizihloko ezinqunywe ikhanda. Lolu hlobo lunombala okhanyayo onamabala abomvu ezingxenyeni. Ngokuya ngeminyaka, onsundu noma imnyama, ihlala iminyaka engama-4-5. Ubude bawo buyi-8-14 mm. Izinsikazi zibekela amaqanda angaba ngu-70 enhlabathini. Ngemuva kokuzalwa, izibungu zinezimbambo ezintathu kuphela zemilenze. Ukuthuthukiswa kwamamayela kusuka kuzibungu kuya kwabadala kuthatha iminyaka eyi-1-3.
Imininingwane. Inani elikhulu kakhulu lama-nibs lingalimaza izilimo. Bayakwazi ukudla inani lokudla ngokweqile kwesisindo sabo ngosuku.
Anikine ikhanda
Amamilayidi amakhulu ayathakazelisa ukulungiswa kwendlu. Ukuduma okukhulu, okufika kubude obungamasentimitha angama-30, kuyifuyo elamukelekayo lethala. Umzimba wakhe umnyama, ucwebezela, umlenze ubomvu. Abathandi bezilwane ezixakile bawuqukethe ezinambuzaneni zasekhaya - iziqukathi zepulasitiki ezinengqimba yenhlabathi nezitshalo. Bebona isiqhwaga, abaningi bazibuza ukuthi ukunqamula ikhanda kuyingozi kubantu? Isidalwa esinokuthula singathathwa, into esemqoka ukungamesabi. UMillipede ukhipha imfihlo enobuthi ethukuthelisa ulwelwesi lwama-mucous.
Ama-Giants ngokunakekelwa okuhle ahlala iminyaka eyi-12. Benza konke kancane, ngisho nokukhulelwa kowesifazane kuthatha amasonto ayi-6. Uza amaqanda enhlabathini, izibungu zihlala lapho, zize zikhule.
Isilwane esingajwayelekile - indlela yokunakekela i-nod
Abathandi bezilwane zasendulo kufanele banake izihloko ezishisayo. Ama-diplopods awathobeki kokudla okunempilo futhi awadingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Inani elikhulu lezinhlobo likuvumela ukuba ukhethe isibonelo esithandekayo. Imibala nosayizi wamamilipha wamamilipha we-millweyidi kwethulwa kukho konke ukunambitheka. Ngabe kudliwa yini i-nibble? Ungumuntu onemifino, kodwa ongakhethi. Ukudla kufaka phakathi: imifino (iklabishi, amazambane, izaqathe), okusanhlamvu, izithelo, ushizi wekhokho. Impilo ejwayelekile, badinga ungqimba lomhlabathi olunamahlamvu kanye nezinkuni. Kuyadingeka ukuxuba i-lime ne-substrate, kungumthombo wemvelo we-calcium. Iqhaza elibalulekile ekugayweni kokugaya izimbumbulu kudlalwa ngamagciwane amancane ahlala emhlabathini. Awukwazi ukubhubhisa ngokuphelele umfelandawonye wezimpawu, lapho uguqula udoti, ashiya ingxenye yakudala.
Ithiphu. Bukela isimo sezithelo nemifino, ukubuyisela ukudla okubolile kube okusha.
Ebhokisini lokugcina i-kivsyak kuyadingeka ukulawula nokugcina izinga lokushisa elithile kanye nomswakama. Imvamisa kuba ngu-23-28 0 emswakama ongama-70-90%. Ukugcina i-microclimate edingekayo, ukufafaza kwenhlabathi okuvame ukwenziwa kuyenziwa. Kufanele kube nezimbobo zokufaka umoya omncane. Izidalwa ezithanda ukuthula zingahlala ezinambuzaneni ezinama-arthropods ahlukahlukene - izintwala zokhuni, izindlebe, noma zihlala ngamaqembu. Izihlakala zase-Afrika zivame ukuzithola zingenwe yimikhaza. Ngemuva kokuthenga, kufanele basulwe ngotshwala.
Ithiphu. Ukuze uthole molting ejwayelekile, i-kivsyaku idinga inani elikhulu le-calcium. Uma engaqongeleli amaminerali anele, angafa. Umthombo we-calcium emvelweni ngamahlamvu anzima; ekhaya, ungangeza i-calcium glycerophosphate powder.
Okuwukuphela kwendlela okubuye kukhanye ngayo imishini yokugaya ukuthi bakhetha ukuchitha isikhathi bebhula emhlabathini. Babonakala ebusweni ebusuku, kepha besaba ukukhanya. Kuzofanele babuke kusihlwa. Lapho kufika isikhathi sokuncibilikisa, ukunikina ikhanda kufihla isikhathi eside endlini yokuhlala engaphansi komhlaba. Ukulahla igobolondo kuthatha amasonto amabili kuya kwamane. Ukunakekela ikhanda kudinga ukulisusa ebhokisini. Uma isilwane singakajwayele izandla, kungcono ukugqoka amagilavu amancanyana wezokwelapha avikela isikhumba emabusweni.
Izinhlobo zamamilayidi ezinemilenze emibili
Emhlabeni fauna kivsyaki amelwe izinhlobo eziningi, ezinye zazo ezinobuthi. Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu:
Anikine ikhanda
- I-Giant, noma i-Afrika. Ubude obukhulu be-nibble enkulu yase-Afrika buyi-38,5 cm, ububanzi buyi-2.1 cm. Izwe le-nibble lase-Afrika yi-East Africa. I-Giant kivsyak ingatholakala emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo nasendaweni esabekayo, imvamisa emahlathini omile abanzi.
- Imvula. La ma-diplopods anemibala ahlala eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
- Olive, okuthole igama layo libonga ngombala wayo omnqumo omnyama. Ama-Olive nods atholakala emahlathini emvula aseNingizimu Afrika.
- Isigebengu. Inombala onsundu-grey one-tint yensimbi. Iningi lalezi zimila zingatholakala eningizimu ogwini lweCrimea.
- I-Eulides. Ama-real kivsyaki ahlala esifundeni sasePalaearctic esentshonalanga.
- Inomlenze obomvu ngemilenze ebomvu ekhanyayo.
- EParis. Ihlala eCameroon, eCongo naseCote d'Ivoire.
- Gigas. Inosayizi omkhulu kakhulu.
- Albino. Iphunga elikhishwa ngekhanda elimhlophe ngilo elingemnandi kakhulu phakathi kwakho konke okukhutshwa ngamanye amalungu omndeni.
- Abafaki. Abanye abantu bakhula babe ngama-30 cm, ngokwesilinganiso esingu-25-27 cm.
Indlela yokuphila yeKivsyak
Akubona ochwepheshe kuphela abadinga imininingwane mayelana nendlela yokuphila yalezi zinambuzane. Ama-diplopods abeka engcupheni enkulu ezitshalweni, ngakho-ke wonke umlimi nomsebenzi wegadi kufanele azi ukuthi lezi zibungu zizalela kanjani, zidla kuphi futhi zikuziphi izimo. Lolu lwazi luzophinda futhi luvimbe ukuvela kwalezi zinambuzane ezweni noma engadini.
Indawo yokuhlala nezindawo zokuhlala, izimo zokuphila ezifanele
Ama-diplopods atholakala embozweni wehlathi, amaqabunga awileyo, amagxolo ezihlahla, izithelo, izimbali namagatsha enza udoti wehlathi. Lawa ma-arthropods ayingqayizivele. Awukwazi ukuhlangana nabo ngaphandle kwase-Antarctica. I-Kivsyaki ikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nanoma yikuphi, noma izimo ezingezinhle kakhulu. Kulokhu, ama-diplopods awawubekezeleli umoya owomile nokukhanya kwelanga okukhanyayo, ancamela ukumba enhlabathini phakathi nosuku, enze imigudu ejulile yokufaka kuwo.
Amamilimitha azalwa kanjani kabusha: umjikelezo wempilo, isikhathi sokuphila
Ama-diplopods adinga izimo ezithile zokuzalela: ama-25- 28-degree degree kanye nama-85 umswakama womoya. Ngenkathi yokuzalela, owesilisa ubeka i-spermatophore esivungwini sowesifazane sowesifazane esesigabeni sesithathu somzimba. Amaqanda abekwa ngabesifazane enhlabathini. Izibungu zihluka nge-vivsyak evuthiwe ngokocansi ngosayizi nenombolo yamalungu kuphela. Ngaphambi kokuba babe ngabantu abadala, izibungu mult izikhathi eziningana. Ngokubusika, abantu abadala kanye nezibungu zembozo kumhlabathi omanzi.
Ngabe i-kivsyaki idlani emvelweni?
Izibungu ezinje ziyabonakala kakhulu. Ngenyanga bangadla ibhakede lonke lokudla. Endaweni yokuhlala yemvelo, ama-diplopods adla amaqabunga awile ezihlahleni, amakhowe, amagxolo esihlahla, amahlumela ajikeleziwe wezitshalo, izimpande. Izilimo eziyizintandokazi zasengadini zalolu hlobo lwamamilayidi ngama-sitrobheli namakhukhamba. Izinambuzane zingatholakala nangomquba kanye nomquba womquba. Lapha bakhetha ukuzalanisa.
Izitha zemvelo zemigidi
Endle, cishe azinazitha. Imikhaza enobuhlalu yiyona kuphela yezakhamizi zehlathi ezimele abamele lolu hlobo lwezinsimbi. Ngezikhathi ezithile ezihuquzelayo nezinyoni zingakhombisa intshisekelo kuzo. Ezizwa eyingozi, anikine ikhanda akhiphe iphunga elingajabulisi bese egoqa kukhala indandatho eminyene, enze sengathi ufile.
Ama-diplopods abangela ukunakwa okwandayo kuma-lemurs ajwayelekile, awalume kancane, okuvusa ukukhishwa kwento enephunga. Ngaleli ketshezi lwe-fetid bagcoba izinwele zabo. Ngakho-ke, ama-lemurs akagcini ngokusabisa izinambuzane eziyinambuzane, kodwa futhi ajabulele ukuthola ukudakwa okuncane okuhogela iphunga elikhipha imishini yokugaya.
Iyiphi indima edlalwa yi-kivsyaki endalweni, futhi yiziphi izinzuzo?
Lezi zidalwa zibamba iqhaza elibalulekile ezinqubweni zokwenziwa kwenhlabathi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziseningizimu, lapho kukhona izidalwa ezimbalwa zomhlaba, futhi ama-diplopods enza umsebenzi wawo wokusetshenziselwa izinsalela zezitshalo. Badla imfucumfucu yesitshalo efile, efaka udoti wamaqabunga enhlabathini, ngaleyo ndlela iba nomthelela ekululazweni kwayo. Ukwembiwa kwezigayo kube yizinto ezincanyana zomzimba zomhlaba. ICalcium carbonate inqwabelana kwizembozo zazo ezilukhuni, ezithinta ngokuphumelelayo ukumelana kwamanzi nesakhiwo senhlabathi.
Amamilayidi amaningi, kufaka phakathi amaqhubu, asiza ekuboneni izinga lokungcoliswa kwemvelo. Izinto ezinomsakazo nezinsimbi ezisindayo ziqongelela kwisembozo sazo esinamathele.
Ungasusa kanjani isibungu esinemilenze eminingi?
Udinga ukuqala ukulwa nama-diplopods masisha ngemuva kokutholakala, okuwukuphela kwendlela yokusindisa isivuno. Kunconywa ukuthembela ezenzweni zemishini kanye ne-agrotechnical izinyathelo zokulwa nazo. Ama-insecticides alwa nalolu hlobo lwezinambuzane awasebenzi kangako, kepha izibungu ezingakakwazi ukuthola igobolondo eliqinile zingabhujiswa ngokuphelele ngabo. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ukuqeda i-vivsyak kuze kube phakade ngeke kuphumelele. Incazelo yezindlela zokubhekana nama-millipedes:
Izindlela zokubhekana nezinhlungu | Izici | |
Imishini | Ukuqoqwa kwemanuwali | Ukuqoqa izinambuzane ngesandla, kunconywa ngaphambilini ukuthi uzenzele indawo yokukhosela yokwenziwa. |
Kusetshenziswa izinto zokudla | Ama-Arthropods kufanele abolekwe kumazambane, izaqathe, ama-sitrobheli neminye imifino ayithandayo. | |
Uhlelo lesicupho | Ukuba nezitsha ezimbiwe emhlabathini, lapho zigcwele iminyuziya, kufanele zichithwe. | |
I-Agrotechnical |
| |
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-insecticides | "Aktofit", "Karate" | Sebenzisa ngokuqinile ngokuhambisana nezincomo zomenzi. |
Kusetshenziswa amathuluzi athuthukisiwe | Usawoti | Ngokuqala kokuhlwa, fafaza usawoti ezindaweni zokuqongelela i-kivsyak. |
Ungayigcina kanjani i-kivsyak njengesilwane esifuywayo?
Labo abathanda izilwane ezixakile bangazalela ama-diplopods ekhaya. Ukubanakekela kulula. Kwanele ukuhlomisa indawo endlini lezi zilwane ezifuywayo futhi uzondle njalo. Okokuqukethwe kwe-kivsyak kudinga:
- ukushisa kanye nomswakama ophezulu
- i-aquarium ebanzi noma i-terrarium, ngaphansi kwayo lapho ungqimba lomhlaba noma isigaxa sikakhukhunathi kufanele sihlanganiswe namaqabunga nezinkuni ezibolile,
- ukhuni olubolile, amahlamvu, imifino, izithelo namakhowe njengokudla,
- okusanhlamvu okuchotshoziwe
- chalk, sepia, amaqanda aqhobozekile, ufulawa we-dolomite njengomthombo we-calcium.
Zuza futhi ulimaze
AmaKivsyaki aba nokulimala okusobala lapho ehlala ezindaweni ezilima. Zilimaza izimpande, ngaleyo ndlela zivimbele izithombo ekukhuleni ngokujwayelekile. Kwesinye isikhathi izinambuzane ezincane zingena ezimbizeni zezimbali. Ukuze ubasuse, udinga ukubeka ebhodweni emanzini amahora ambalwa, ulinde kuze kube yilapho sekuqhume yonke imigidi, bese uqoqa.
Awukwazi ukutshala inqwaba yomquba ezimbizeni, akusizi ngalutho. Kungcono ukusebenzisa umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wokugqoka okungaphezulu. Ngokubhekene nengadi yegadi, i-nibble humus isetshenziswa kaningi. Kuyafaneleka futhi ukusho izinzuzo ukuthi kivsyaki ezweni kungaletha. Bayakwazi "ukuvuselela" imfucuza yomquba futhi benze inhlabathi enempilo kubo.
Ngokuphikisa kakhulu indawo enjalo, umuntu angasebenzisa amalungiselelo athile amakhemikhali, anjengeKarate, Aktofit nabanye. Kepha ngomphumela osebenza kangcono, kungcono ukwengeza usawoti we-chloride.
Ngabe kufanele ngilwe ngekhanda?
Ngokwemvelo yazo, ama-nibs angabantu abasebenza imifino, kodwa uma umuntu ebagcina ekhaya, ungabondla noma yini, ngaphandle kokuya ngokweqile, kunjalo. Ama-invertebrates asuka esakhiweni ngaphakathi kwendlu uma kunomswakama omningi emgwaqweni, okucasulayo ukwenziwa kabusha kwabantu okusheshayo. Ngokuvamile izindlu zihlala ekhishini noma egumbini lokugezela, njengoba kukhona amanzi. Bethusa ngokubukeka kwabo lapho bezulazula ophahleni.
Ziyasebenza ebusuku, ngoba ntambama ilanga lithinta kabi amagobolondo, lizomisa. Musa ukubekezelela ukutheleleka noma izifo, ungalumi abantu nezilwane ezifuywayo. Unamahloni kakhulu, futhi kunoma iyiphi ingozi uphenduka isiyingi esiqinile futhi ukhiphe iphunga le-fetid ukuvikela isisu. Abathathi ingozi ebantwini, ngaphandle kokuthi izingubo noma izandla zabo zingangcoliswa.
Bambalwa abantu abangathokozisa ukuvela kwamamilayidi endlini, ikakhulukazi abanikazi abangathandeki. Ezimweni ezinjalo, abaningi bazibuza ukuthi bangaziqeda kanjani. Ama-insecticides awasebenzi kakhulu ngokulwa nezinambuzane, ngakho-ke ukusetshenziswa kwezicupho ezikhethekile kuzoba yisisombululo esihle kakhulu. Kufanele zibekwe ngaphandle kusihlwa. Ukuze bakhange ama-nibblers, babeka noma yiziphi izingulube ezimanzi, izingcezu zamazambane lapho. Ukuze uthole umphumela omkhulu, ungasebenzisa "isinyathelo" (ukudla okukhishwa ngezinambuzane zokudla, izinambuzane).
Kwesinye isikhathi izinambuzane zihlala ezimbizeni ezinezitshalo zasendlini, bese lokho kubacasule kakhulu abaninizo. AmaKivsyaki avela lapho, ngoba kunoma iziphi izinto eziphilayo zebhodwe zikhona. Lokhu kungenzeka uma usebenzisa inhlabathi engafinyelelwanga esakhiweni.
Kubalulekile! Ngaphambi kokwenza inhlabathi yengadi ebhodweni lwezitshalo zasendlini, kunconywa ukuthulula amanzi abilayo phezu kwayo.
Uma njalo uthela amaqabunga etiye ezimbizeni, khona-ke lokhu kuzosheshisa inqubo yokukhiqiza izinambuzane kuphela. Amaqabunga awileyo awele kanye namaqabunga angasuswanga ngesikhathi nawo anomthelela kulokhu. Ngemuva kokuthi i-kivsyaki idle konke ukubola, ishintshela kwizimbali.
Uma lesi sitshalo sincane, khona-ke kufanele sibambe ngokucophelela futhi imbiza yenhlabathi ibekwe emanzini isikhashana. Uma kungenakwenzeka ukusebenzisa le ndlela, kungcono ukusebenzisa esinye sezinambuzane esidumile - iKarate Zeon noma i-Aktofit.
Ungasibona kanjani inkathazo?
Abalimi abahlali beqonda ukuthi yini imbangela yangempela yomonakalo ezitshalweni nakwimifino. Imvamisa, ngemuva kokuhlikihla kwe-centipedes ezimpandeni, kusala amasongo amnyama ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Uma kukhona eziningi zazo, khona-ke lesi sitshalo sizokoma. Kwesinye isikhathi zilimaza ama-sitrobheli - hhayi isihlahla uqobo, kepha amajikijolo, lapho lawo zingxenye ziququda khona aze ashiye izibungu. Bancamela ukuklebhula imithambo ku-zucchini, ikhabe, amazambane, beet, utamatisi kanye izaqathi.