Ukubukeka nokuziphatha. Isisulu siphakathi ngosayizi, sikhulu kancanyana kune-kite emnyama. Ubude bomzimba u-61-72 cm, isisindo esingu-800- 200 200 g, ngamaphiko ama-cm 140-195 cm. Owesilisa nowesifazane empeleni abahlukile ngombala nosayizi. Isengezo sifana nekiti emnyama, kodwa okuphawuleka isikhathi eside futhi sinamaphiko amade. I-Tenderloin yathuthukiswa kangcono kune-kite emnyama.

Incazelo. Umbala ojwayelekile ukushunqa, ukugqwala, umsila ngaphezulu ubukeka umfaniswano futhi ukhanya - obomvu, phansi kukhanya ngeziqeshana ezimnyama zezingulube nemivimbo emincane eshintshashintshayo kumabhangqana ambalwa angaphandle ezimpaphe zomsila. Ikhanda lilula kunomzimba, livame ukukhanya grey noma i-beige, imigqomo emnyama yesigaxa ekhanda nasemzimbeni ibukeka ihluke kakhulu kunekiti elimnyama. I-wax, umlomo wobuhlalu futhi engenathambo emilenzeni - njengekhayithi elimnyama, kepha iris iyakhanya noma iphuzi ukukhanya.

Indlela yokundiza ifana neyekiti emnyama, imfoloko iyabonakala ngisho nangomsila oweluliwe. Ukukhanya okungaphansi komsila kuhlukanisa izinyoni ezindala ngombala ongaphansi onsundu. Isisekelo sezimpaphe zamaphiko eziyinhloko ngezansi zakha "amafasitela" amakhulu, akhanya ngokusobala, uma kuqhathaniswa "neminwe" emnyama, izimpaphe eziphiko zimbozi ezisezingeni eliphansi kanye nezimpaphe zesibili zephiko. Ngaphezulu kwamaphiko, okungcono kunokwenyathi emnyama, kukhishwa imisebe ye-ogonal oger, kwakheka izimpaphe zokucasha zezimpaphe zesibili zephiko.

Abanye abantu bama-subspecies asempumalanga yekite elimnyama, ngokombala ohlukile, basondela kite elibomvu, kepha amabanga alezi zinyoni ahlukaniswe ngokwezindawo. Umuntu osemusha wehlukile kumuntu omdala ngokukhanya okuphansi kanye nokwehluka kwamanani, ukukhula okungahambi kahle kwamathoni aqinile namathambo abomvu, nemfoloko eyisila emincane. Ngasemuva nasemaphikweni kukhona iphethini le-buffy scaly yemikhawulo ekhanyayo yezimpaphe. Uthingo luphuzi ngokuphuzi, i-waxen kanye nemilenze iphuzi.

Kulula ukudida ikati elibomvu elindizayo ne-kite endala emnyama. Ungalihlukanisa nelokugcina ngamaphiko ahlukanisayo, imfoloko yomsila ophinyiselwe kakhudlwana, umehluko obuthakathaka phakathi kokufakelwa okumbala onsundu nokuhlaza okungaphansi komsila. Ihlukahluka kuzo zonke izinyoni ezidla inyama esifundeni sethu, kufaka phakathi nekiti emnyama, ngomsila oboshwe ngokuqinile onemiphetho ebekiwe impela yezimpaphe zomsila wangaphandle.

Vota. I-Melodious "pew lu"noma"pyuu-li"Ngokukhathazeka"piuu-pi-pi-pi". Lezi zimpawu zihlukile kakhulu ngokukhala kite abamnyama, kodwa babe nokufana okuthile ngezikhonkwane ze-buzzard.

Isimo Sokusabalalisa. Njengoba isatshalaliswa eYurophu isuka entshonalanga neGreat Britain kanye naseningizimu yeScandinavia kuya eIberia, e-Apennine naseBalkan peninsulas, eMpumalanga Yurophu ikhula kancane. Kuneziza ezidlekayo eMorocco naseziqhingini zaseCape Verde. Abantu baseMpumalanga bahlala ebusika eNtshonalanga Yurophu nasempumalanga yeMedithera, izinhlaka zasentshonalanga. E-Russia yase-Europe - uhlobo oluvikelekile olungavunyelwe emaphethelweni asempumalanga ebangeni, lifakiwe kwiNcwadi Ebomvu yaseRussia. Inani liyancipha. Esikhathini impukane esedlule wahlangana eCaucasus.

Indlela yokuphila. Ithanda amahlathi aqothulayo kanye namathafa evulekile afakwe amile. Akukona ukwakha izidleke namaqoqo okudla afana nalawo makhayithi amnyama. Idla ngokudla okubandayo kanye naphakathi nendawo, ikakhulukazi amagundane, izinyoni zezinyoni, ama-amphibians. Izici zokwakha isidleke - njengekhayithi elimnyama, amathoyizi athambile abomvu kunalezo zinhlobo ezichaziwe. Ifika ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli noma ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, indiza ngo-Agasti noma Septhemba.

YINI UKUDLA

Ezindaweni eziningi, ama-kites abomvu agcinwa eduzane nokulahlwa komhlaba okukhulu, lapho ehlala ethola khona i-carrion. Ngokubhujiswa kwezindawo zemvelo zalezi zinyoni, kufanele zivumelane nezimo ezintsha.

Kulezi zinsuku, esikhundleni sokudla okujwayelekile kubo - izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, ama-invertebrates, izilwane ezihuquzelayo nezinhlanzi - izinyoni zaqala ukudla izinsalela zokudla kwabantu nokunye ukungcola. Kwesinye isikhathi amakhayithi abomvu adla izinyoni ezinkulu. Ebusika obukhulu kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ebandayo, badla ama-hares afile nezinye izilwane zasehlathini. I-kite indiza kahle futhi ikwazi ukundiza amahora amaningi emoyeni ngaphandle komzamo omkhulu. Ukusuka ekuphakameni okungama-20-30 m, ikhayithi ifuna inyamazane. Emqaphela, ngokushesha ehle ayobamba isisulu ngezihlakala zayo ezibukhali. Ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa, i-kite ebomvu kungenzeka ingathinti ngisho nomhlabathi, kepha, ngokubamba inyamazane, ngokushesha kundize isibhakabhaka. I-kite inezinhlaka ezincane futhi ezibuthakathaka, ngakho-ke idla ikakhulukazi ku-carrion. Kodwa-ke, izindlakala zalo zibukhali ngokwanele ukubulala isilo esincane.

LIFESTYLE

I-kite iyinyoni enobukhulu be-buzzard, noma kunjalo iyincanyana futhi inhle kakhulu. Amapulangwe ayo aphezulu an nsundu, ikhanda limhlophe. Umzimba ophansi onsundu okhanyayo, onemivimbo emide. Lapho indiza ibomvu, ikha ebomvu ibonwa kalula ngamaphiko asemuva futhi acwebile kancane, futhi ngomsila omude obekelweyo. Ngaphansi kwamaphiko kukhona amabala amhlophe amhlophe ahluka ngezimpaphe ezimnyama. Eduze kwakho ungabona impunga ekhanyayo enamabala ekhanda kanye nomucu wokukhanya ohlangothini olungaphezulu lwamaphiko. Ama-kite amaduna nawesifazane anombala ofanayo. Ama-kite, ahlala eningizimu yeNgilandi naseningizimu yeSweden, aphila impilo yokuhlala phansi. Izinyoni ezihlala eCentral Europe ziyafuduka. Kusebusika eningizimu yeFrance, Spain kanye nePortugal. Ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari, ama-red kites asuka lapho abuyela kumasayithi esidleke. Ebusika, amakhayithi abomvu ahlanganiswa emhlambini. Ndawonye bayandiza bayofuna ukudla futhi balala ndawonye.

Ukusikisela

Ukuvuthwa k red-kite kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kukaMashi noma ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Izindiza ezindizayo zezinyoni ziyinkimbinkimbi. Okokuqala, amakhayithi abomvu enza isiyingi ngaphezu kwesidleke, esivame ukutholakala esihlahleni esikhula emaphethelweni ehlathi. Lapho owesilisa nowesifazane beshaya izindlebe zabo bese bewa ngokushesha. Spread amaphiko, ukundiza kwabo benza ngezikhathi ezithile kanye nezikhathi ezithile. Phezu komqhele wezihlahla, izinyoni ziphinda zithole ukuphakama, futhi yonke inkambiso iphindwa kusukela ekuqaleni. Lezi zinyoni zakha isidleke, esingaba imitha elilodwa ububanzi, zihlangene. Imvamisa itholakala phezulu emqhele wesihlahla. Insikazi ifukamela amaqanda, futhi owesilisa ngezikhathi ezithile uwaguqula esidlekeni. Umbala wamachwane usuka kukhilimu uye onsundu okhanyayo. Cishe izinsuku ezingama-50 kuzelwe amachwane ashiya isidleke.

Ukubhebhetheka

Izinhlobo zasendaweni eScandinavia, eCentral naseSouth Europe, eCaucasus, e-Asia Minor, enyakatho ne-Iran, e-Afrika ngasogwini lwe-Strait of Gibraltar, Canary Islands kanye naseCape Verde Islands. Ensimini yaseRussia itholakala ngamabili ngazimbili esifundeni saseKaliningrad, eningizimu-nentshonalanga yesifunda seP Pskov futhi mhlawumbe ogwini Olwandle Olumnyama eCaucasus. I-Nesting ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho nezisempumalanga zohlu lwemvelo (iSweden, iPoland, iJalimane, iRussia, i-Ukraine, i-Belarus), izinyoni ziyafuduka, zifudukela eningizimu nasentshonalanga ebusika, ikakhulukazi esifundeni iMedithera. Eningizimu-ntshonalanga yebanga, izinyoni zihlala phansi.

Ngekhulu le-XX, inani lezinhlobo zonke lawa kakhulu, futhi kusukela ngo-1970 kuya ku-1990 inani lehle ngo-20%. Isizathu esikhulu sokwehla okunamandla kangaka kwamanani, okuqhubeka ngisho namanje eseNingizimu-Ntshonalanga neYurophu YaseMpumalanga, kubizwa ngokuthi ukushushiswa kwabantu (ukudubula, ukukha amaqanda nokusebenzisa izithiyo ezinobuthi), kanye nokwehla kwekhwalithi kanye nokusetshenziswa komhlaba ngokwezomnotho okulungele izidleke. Kodwa-ke, abantu abasenkabeni nasenyakatho nentshonalanga yeYurophu basanda kukhombisa izimpawu zokululama.

Ithanda ihlathi elidala elixubile futhi elixubile eliseduze kwezikhala ezivulekile nezindawo ezinamasiko. ESpain, lapho cishe ama-22% ezidleke zabantu baseYurophu nendawo enkulu ebusika iyatholakala, izinyoni zithanda izindawo ezinzima zokulima, hhayi eziphakemeyo ezintabeni. Gwema izindawo ezinomswakama ngokweqile noma okuphambene nalokho.

Ukuzala

Inzalo yokuqala ivela eneminyaka engu-2 ukuya kwengama-2. Ama-kites ayisithutha. Njengomthetho, ama-vapor aphikelela impilo yonke, yize achitha isikhathi ngokwehlukana komunye nomunye ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalanisa. Kukholakala ukuthi ukuvuselelwa kokuzala minyaka yonke akubangelwa uthando lwasekhaya, kodwa kungenxa yokuthi izinyoni ziyaqina ngendawo eyakha kuyo izidleke futhi njalo ngonyaka zibuyela endaweni lapho zidle khona okokugcina. Izinyoni ezincane zizama ukuhlomisa isidleke sazo sokuqala endaweni efanayo lapho zazizibambe khona.

Ukuqala nokwakha isidleke kuqala ngoMashi, amasonto angama-2-2 ngaphambi kokubekwa kweqanda. Ezinyoni ezincane, ukuzalanisa okokuqala, le nqubo ivela ngandlela thize kamuva, ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Kuyenzeka ukuthi ebusika obufudumele izinyoni ezingenalwazi ziqale ukuqoqa izinto zokwakha emuva ngoJanuwari, kodwa imizamo enjalo ayipheleli phansi. Emidlalweni yokuphapha, izinyoni zivame ukundiza zibheke ngakunye ngesivinini esikhulu bese ziphendukela ohlangothini kuphela ngomzuzu wokugcina, kwesinye isikhathi ngenkathi zithinta omunye nomunye ngezidladla zazo. Kwesinye isikhathi bangaqala ukulwa bodwa, baphenduke ngokushesha emoyeni kanye nomoya, baze behle emagatsheni ezihlahla.

Isidleke sakhiwe ngemfoloko esihlahleni, imvamisa kakhulu i-oki, i-linden noma iphayini, endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-12-20 ngaphezu komhlaba. Kwesinye isikhathi esikhundleni sokwakha, kusetshenziswa izimbungulu ezindala noma izidleke zamakhaza (ICorvus corax) Isidleke esifanayo sikhonza iminyaka eminingana. Izinto zokwakha eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswayo zingamagatsha ezihlahla ezomile ahlangana ndawonye notshani noma enye imifino. Izinsuku ezingama-2-2 ngaphambi kokugcotshwa, isidleke simbozwe ngoboya bezimvu.

Ukufakwa kweqanda kwenzeka ngo-Ephreli futhi kuvame ukuba namaqanda ama-1-3 (kuyaqabukela 4) ngamaqanda abomvu. Amaqanda abekwa ngokulandelana njalo ezinsukwini ezintathu. Uma ngesizathu esithile amaqanda (kodwa hhayi amachwane) alahlekile, insikazi iyakwazi ukulala futhi isizini. Inzalo eyodwa kuphela ezalwa ngonyaka. Isikhathi sokufakwa kwezinsuku zingama-31- 32 izinsuku seqanda ngalinye, noma izinsuku ezingama-37- 38 zizale amaqanda ama-3. Owesifazane kuphela ofaka imbeleko, owesilisa ngalesi sikhathi umnika ukudla. Ngesinye isikhathi, insikazi iphuma esidlekeni imizuzu eminingana, ishiye inganakekelwa. Amachwane amnyama avela ngokuhlukile, ngokulandelana kokuzalela amaqanda. Ngemuva kokuqunjelwa, amasonto amabili okuqala insikazi ihlala namachwane esidlekeni, kuyilapho owesilisa ethatha ukudla. Emva kwalokho, insikazi nayo indizela inyamazane. Amahlosi aziphatha ngolaka komunye nomunye, yize lokhu kungabangeli ukufa kwabo. Ukusebenza kahle kokudlekwa kuncike ezicini eziningi, kufaka phakathi isimo sezulu, ukutholakala kokudla kanye nokukhathazeka okungaba khona kwabantu, kanye nezilinganiso mayelana namachwane ayi-1,34 nge-clutch ngayinye.

Isikhathi amantshontsho aqala ukundiza ngaso ngokuya ngosayizi we-brood kanye nokutholakala kokuphakelwa kokudla. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingaba ngu-45, baqala ukuthuthela kumagatsha angomakhelwane, futhi indiza yabo yokuqala, njengomthetho, yenziwa hhayi ngaphambi kwezinsuku ezingama-48-50, futhi kwesinye isikhathi emva kwezinsuku ezingama-60-70. Sele imile ohlangothini, amachwane ahlala nabazali amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu.

URED KITCHEN Nomuntu

Ama-red kite izidleke kuphela eYurophu nasenyakatho nentshonalanga ye-Afrika. Uvivinyo oluningi lwehlela isiphetho sekhayithi elibomvu. Eminyakeni eyi-XVI-XVII. wayengumbhali ojwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, kusukela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka ye-18 kuya ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, ama-kite abomvu acishe abhujiswa ngokuphelele ngabazingeli kanye nabaqoqi bezilwane ezazigxishwe izinyoni. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, yacekelwa phansi eScotland. EBrithani, ama-kite abomvu aqala ukuvikela ngo-1903. Njengamanje, zingaphansi kwamabili izimboni zalezi zinyoni ezisindile eWales.

Indlela yokuphila

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-kite ebomvu iyinyoni enkulu kahle, ayinalo ulaka futhi ayinamandla kangako uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama (ezinjengezinambuzane). Ngenkathi izingela, inyukela endaweni ephakeme, ifuna umdlalo omncane. Ebona isisulu, uwa phansi netshe ayibambe ngezihlakala zayo ezibukhali. Idla izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, izinyoni, izilwane zasendle, izilwane ezihuquzelayo, izilwanyane zomhlaba. Kwesinye isikhathi idla u-carrion, ikakhulukazi izinsalela zezimvu. Ngemuva kokubona isilwane esiwile, silinda ibanga elincane kuze kube yilapho izinyoni ezinamandla kakhudlwana, njengama-buzzards noma amaqhude, sezaneliswa.

I-KITCHEN OBSERVATIONS

I-kite ebomvu ivela ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezivulekile: amasimu anama-groves noma emaphethelweni. ECentral Europe, le nyoni edla inyama ingatholakala ezindaweni ezinamagquma, lapho kukhiwa khona imijikelezo yomoya enamandla phakathi kwemithambeka, ephakamisela i-kite emoyeni bese ivumela ukuba ikhuphuke isikhathi eside. Le nyoni enhle yakha izidleke emahlathini amadala akhanyayo noma ahlanganisiwe. Kuncike kakhulu emanzini kune-kite emnyama. Ngesikhathi izidleke zekite elibomvu, kulula ukusabisa. Ngakho-ke, ngalesi sikhathi, abantu kufanele balandele izindlela ezithile zehlathi ukuze bangesabi izinyoni ezakha izidleke zazo. Kunethuba eliphakeme kakhulu lokuthi ama-kites abomvu asabekayo azoshiya i-clutch futhi angaphinde abuyele esidlekeni. Izazi zesifo sezinhlungu zikholelwa ukuthi namuhla eJalimane cishe ngamabhangqa angama-4400 esidlekana esibomvu, ePoland - ngamabili angama-300, eSwitzerland - ngamabili angama-200. ENetherlands naseBelgium cishe awekho ama-kites abomvu.

Amaqiniso ATHANDAYO, UKWAZI.

• Ngesikhathi sikaW. Shakespeare, amakhata abomvu ayengama "scavenger" ajwayelekile kunazo zonke phakathi kwezinyoni zonke ezatholakala eLondon. Kwakuningi labo maphakathi nedolobha kangangokuba amakhayithi adonsela ukunaka kwezivakashi zedolobha elikhulu. Umdlalo obizwa nge- "Winter's Tale" utshengisa ukuthi amakhayithi antshontsha ilineni ezintanjeni futhi alisebenzisa ekwakheni izidleke.
• I-Red Kite isebenzisa ikhono layo ukundiza ngobuchwepheshe ukweba inyamazane kwezinye izinyoni (amagwababa namazulwana). Ngesinye isikhathi, ukwenaba ukuphanga ezinye izinyamazane: izimbungulu, izingesi kanye namanga ama-peregrine. Uma ikhayithi elibomvu lifumana inyamazane ebamba inyamazane, libuka konke ukuhamba kwalo emoyeni lijahe ize ikhiphe inyamazane yalo. Ngemuva kokulinda lo mzuzu, ikhayithi elibomvu lisheshe libambe inyamazane bese ligijimisa esihogweni.
• Isikhathi sokugcina ukubonwa kwekati elibomvu eLondon ngo-1859.
• I-kite ebomvu ichitha iningi losuku ihamba ngaphansi komhlabathi. Ngesikhathi indiza enjalo, ibheka inyamazane emhlabathini.

IZIPHUMA ZESIFUNDO SE-RED KITCHEN

Izimpaphe: Iminwe ende ihlukaniswe phakathi, okwenza kube lula ukulawula indiza ekhuphukayo.

Izindonga: yinde, yincane futhi igogekile emuva. Imiphetho yangaphambili yamaphiko iyi-chestnut, enamabala acwebile amhlophe abonakala phambi kwamathiphu amnyama ezimpaphe ngaphansi kwawo.

Amehlo: i-kite ebomvu inombono omuhle kakhulu. Cishe bucishe amahlandla ayisishiyagalombili kunabantu.

Beak: egobile futhi ebukhali. Ngosizo lwayo, inyoni idwengula izingcezu zombili inyamazane ephila kanye ne-carrion.

Claws: mncane kodwa ubukhali kakhulu.

Umsila: yinde, ene-notch ejulile, ngakho "imfoloko" ibonakala kahle. Kuyasebenza ukugcina ibhalansi futhi kufana nomgexo ngenkathi indiza.

Amaqanda: mhlophe enezindawo ezinobomvu onsundu, imvamisa ama-2-3 esidlekeni esisodwa, noma kunjalo, kungahle kube no-1 noma u-4.

- Ububanzi beRed Kite

LAPHO I-RED KITCH IPhila

Itholakala cishe kulo lonke elaseYurophu, ikakhulukazi eFrance naseSpain. Ezindaweni eziningi eziseningizimu yeYurophu, inani lama-kite abomvu lehlile noma izinhlobo sezicishe zaphela ngokuphelele.

UKUVIKELA NOKUVIKELA

Inani lama-kites abomvu eCentral Europe lizinze impela. Inhlobo isongelwa ngokuqothulwa, ngoba ezindaweni eziningi ithathelwa indawo yikhayithi emnyama. I-kite ebomvu ibhalwe ku-Red Book.

05.07.2014

I-Red kite (i-Latin Milvus milvus) iyinyoni edliwayo evela emndenini wamaHawks (Accipitridae) we-oda Falconiformes. Bangaphezu kuka-60% abantu abahlala eCentral Europe.

Emuva ngekhulu le-XVIII, ama-kites abomvu ahlala maningi emadolobheni amakhulu ase-Europe, emigwaqweni yawo, ngenxa yezimo ezimbi ezimbi, kwakuhlala kuningi ukuwa. Izinyoni ezisebenza ngokuzikhandla zenza umsebenzi wezazela zesikhathi esizayo, zivimbela izifo eziwubhubhane.

Ngaphezu kweYurophu, lezi zinyoni zihlala eNyakatho Afrika, izindawo ezisentshonalanga ye-Asia, iziqhingi zaseCanary kanye naseCape Verde Islands. Inani labo ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule laqala ukuncipha ngokushesha, kodwa ngenxa yezinyathelo ezithathiwe ukuvikela le nhlobo, manje isibuyile futhi yaqala futhi ukukhula.

Izimpawu zangaphandle

I-kite ebomvu iyinyoni ephakathi nendawo, ubude bayo bufika ku-72 cm, amaphiko okuyi-1.75-2 m, futhi isisindo sayo singama-1,4 kg. Umbala weplamu walaba bantu abahlukumezayo uthakazelisa kakhulu. Amakhanda abo ampunga, futhi imizimba yabo ibubomvu-nsundu enemivimbo emide ngaphansi. Ezinye izimpaphe ezisemaphikweni zimhlophe phakathi nendawo futhi zimnyama ekugcineni. Izimpaphe ezilandela zingwevu omnyama. Owesifazane nowesilisa cishe bane “ngubo” efanayo futhi bangaphandle kwehluka kakhulu. Ku-kite ebomvu, i-notch ene-V emsileni ibonakala ngokucacile, lapho kulula ukuyihlukanisa kusuka ezinhlotsheni ezifanayo - i-kite emnyama.

Ukuziphatha

Emini, amakhayithi azungeza emoyeni ngokungakhathali, efuna inyamazane. Isikhathi esiningi bahlela phezulu esibhakabhakeni, besebenzisa amandla emijikelezo yomoya. Izimpiko zazo ezindizayo zivulekile. Izinyoni ngezikhathi ezithile zigoqa amaphiko azo futhi ngezikhathi ezithile zigoqela ngapha nangapha ukuze zibone kangcono inyamazane phansi.

Amajika aphambili abukhali enziwa kusetshenziswa umsila, osebenza njengesondo elihamba phambili. Lapho ibona inyamazane, umhlaseli wayo ugoqa amaphiko ayo bese ewa phansi ngetshe. Amagundane amancane nezinyoni, kanye ne-carrion ehlukahlukene, iba yimpango yayo. Izidumbu zezimvu ziyindlela ekhethekile yokwenza amakhayithi abomvu.

Ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalanisa, izinyoni zivame ukuhlangana emihlambini ukuthola ukudla ndawonye. Amaningi awo avela ekuphakanyisweni komhlaba, lapho afunda khona ukuthola imfucumfucu yokudla nokuzingela amagundane agundile. Abantu abanjalo, sebethole ukufinyelela kokudla okungenamkhawulo, baze bakushiya nokufuduka kwabo okujwayelekile kwesizini, besala kuze kube sebusika ezindaweni abazalanayo.

Ebusuku, izinyoni ziphumula emagatsheni ezihlahla ezinesizungu noma emaphepheni amancane phakathi kwamasimu. Uma kubanda kakhulu futhi kunesimo sezulu esibi, bakhetha ukufihla ezindaweni ezinotshani obukhulu obukhulu.

Incazelo

Ubude bomzimba wabantu abadala bufika kuma-70 cm.Banesisindo esisuka ku-750 g kuya ku-1 kg ngephiko elinamasentimitha ayi-155-185. Brown emuva. Isisu sibomvu obomvu ngamabala amade we-longitudinal.

Umsila mude nge-notch ejulile e-apex, obomvu ngombala obomvu ngaphezulu, futhi ungwevu omfushane onemisinga emnyama ngaphansi. Ikhanda limbozwe izimpaphe ezimfishane ezingwevu. Iris liphuzi eliphuzi. Uqhwaku luphuzi, linepipi elimnyama. Imilenze iphuzi, imbozwe “ngamapaneli” ansundu ngaphambi kwesihlahla sangaphambili. Iminwe igcina ngemichilo eqinile futhi ebukhali eboshwe. Iminwe emithathu iqondiswa phambili, kuthi kwesine emuva.

Isikhathi sokuphila endle cishe siyiminyaka engama-26. Ama-kites abomvu asetshenziswa ngokushesha ekudingisweni futhi ngokunakekelwa okuhle angahlala iminyaka engama-38.

Iqiniso elihehayo

I-kite ebomvu kulula ukuyidambisa. Ekuqaleni, uma ebanjiwe, wenza sengathi ufile. Kodwa-ke, eqaphela ukuthi iqhinga lakhe lihlulekile, waziyekela kulokhu okungenakugwenywa. Endizeni, ama-kites angakha imihlambi emikhulu, okuyinto eyivelakancane kakhulu ezinyoni ezidla inyama. Ngokusho kwesazi sebhayoloji u-Adrian Ebisher, ngenxa yamaphiko amakhulu, amakhayithi abomvu afela ezintanjeni ezinamandla amakhulu. Kusuka kuma-8 kuya ku-22 ama-kites ashonile ngenxa yamapulazi omoya atholakala minyaka yonke eJalimane.

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

Photo: Red Kite

I-kite ebomvu -Inyoni enkulu yokudla inyama, ekwaziyo "ukubanda" ngokoqobo ezulwini isikhathi eside ifuna inyamazane yayo. Izinyoni zindiza ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu, ngakho-ke izinhlobo zomndeni wama-hawk kunzima kakhulu ukuhlukanisa ngamehlo anqunu. Abacwaningi kuphela noma ama-ornithologists angabhekana nalo msebenzi.

Kukholakala ukuthi igama elithi kite liyi-echo yegama lale nyoni, eyanikwa yona ngumbhali waseRussia futhi ophinde abe ngumlobi wezindaba uVladimir Ivanovich Dahl ngonyaka we-1882. Noma kunjalo, wabiza le nyoni ngokuthi i-krachun. Ekuqaleni, owayeneminwe wayengenalo igama lakhe futhi wayeqhathaniswa nabadla izinyoka, ngoba banokubukeka nokudla okufanayo. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, ikayithi ekugcineni yathola igama layo.

Ngokuvamile, le nyoni yathola udumo olwande noma lwanda kakhulu ngekhulu le-17, lapho izinhlobo eziningi zekiti ebomvu zihlala emadolobheni aseYurophu. Ngaleso sikhathi, udoti omningi wawunqwabelana emigwaqweni, ngoba uhulumeni uwonke awuzange uqaphele ukuthuthwa kwendle. I-kite ebomvu ihlanze ngokucophelela imigwaqo, ngoba ngokuvamile i-carrion iyimpatho enhle.

Ukubukeka nezimpawu

Photo: Red Kite

I-kite ebomvu - inyoni yobukhulu obuncane enamaphiko aphakathi nendawo. Ubude bomzimba wakhe bungafinyelela kuphela amasentimitha angama-70-72, nobubanzi bamasentimitha ayi-190. Le nyoni nayo ayinasisindo kangako uma uyiqhathanisa nomndeni wayo weHawk - cishe ikhilogremu.

Ngenxa yomzimba onomusa, izimpaphe eziphakeme nomsila ngefolomu ebunjiwe, imbobo ebomvu ingasebenza ngokuqondisa okuhle, inyukela esibhakabhakeni. Ngemuva inyoni, isebenza nje njengohlobo "lokuqondisa".

I-kite ebomvu inenqwaba yempuphu ebomvu ngokubomvu emzimbeni enezimpunga ezinde esifubeni. Izimpaphe ezisemaphikweni zipendwe ngombala omhlophe, omnyama nomnyama. Ikhanda nentamo kuphuzi. Le nyoni inomsila omude, ovame ukugoba lapho indiza phezulu. Amehlo wekite elibomvu ane-tint ephuzi-ephuzi. Imilenze ipendiwe ephuzi ekhanyayo, ngakho-ke iyabonakala ngisho nasemhlabathini ngeso lomuntu.

Owesifazane nowesilisa akahlukile ngokubukeka kwabo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-dimorphism yezocansi. Futhi, eminyakeni yokuqala yokuphila kwabo, umbala weplamu ugcwele ukufiphala kwamachwane. Umbala onsundu uvela ngokwemvelo ngokwemvelo, noma kunjalo, awudalulwa njengakudala kwalolu hlobo.

Ihlala kuphi ikati elibomvu?

Photo: Red Kite

Ama-kite abomvu angatholakala ezindaweni ezifuywe futhi ezinamagquma. Kulokhu, le nyoni ithanda izimbali ezinkulu eduze kwamahlathi aqatha noma ahlanganisiwe. Lapho ukhetha indawo yayo yokuhlala, le nhlobo isetshenziselwa ukushiya imanzi kakhulu noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, izindawo ezomile.

Ingxenye enkulu yabantu abomvu be-kite bahlala e-Central, Southern Europe kanye nogu lwe-Afrika. E-Russia, inyoni ingatholakali kaningi kangako. Abantu abanjalo bangabonakala ndawo ndawo kuphela ezifundeni zeKaliningrad noma zeP Pskov. Kepha iYurophu, kungabonakala ikati elibomvu, ngokwesibonelo eScandinavia. E-Afrika, kutholakala eStrait of Gibraltar, e-Canary Islands noma e-Cape Verde Islands.

Kukhona womabili ama-kites abomvu afudukayo nalawo axazululiwe. Izinyoni ezihlala eRussia, eSweden, ePoland, eJalimane, e-Ukraine, eBelarus ziyathutha. Ebusika, ziqhubekela phambili kwenye indawo yesimo sezulu, eningizimu, naseMedithera. Ama-kites ahlala eningizimu noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga ebusika ahlala ezidlekeni zawo.

Ngabe idla ikhi elibomvu?

Photo: Red Kite

Yize i-kite ebomvu ibhekwa njengenyoni enkulu kahle, imvelo yayo ayizange ikubeke ngolaka olukhethekile. Unomzimba onomusa, kepha awukho umthwalo omningi wemisipha kuwo. Leli qiniso lenza libe buthakathaka ngokuqhathaniswa nezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama, ngokwesibonelo, njengebhungane noma amabala amnyama.

Inqubo yokuzingela imi kanje. Ama-kite abomvu akhuphukela esibhakabhakeni futhi “aqandeke” ngokwezinga elithile. Ngemuva kwalokho ubheka inyamazane yakhe ngokucophelela, kuthi lapho ibonwa, umdlwenguli ehle kakhulu futhi azame ukuyibamba ngemisila yayo ebukhali ebulalayo.

Ama-kite abomvu akhetha izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, ngokwesibonelo, igundane, ukwenza u-vole. Ngezikhathi ezithile, lowo onemibala futhi akanandaba nokudla amaphuphu amancane, ama-amphibians, ezihuquzelayo kanye neminyundu. Njengoba sike saphawula ngaphambili, ama-kite abomvu ayedla ngokudla u-carrion, kepha ngisho nanamuhla ama-ornithologists amaningi aqaphela inyoni esidlweni sakusihlwa. Uma le nhlobo ibona isithombe sokuthi, ngokwesibonelo, ezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama zidla imvu efile, khona-ke imvamisa ilinda emaceleni bese indiza iphange lapho ingekho ezinye izidalwa eziphilayo eduze kwayo.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Photo: Red Kite

I-kite ebomvu kwesinye isikhathi uphatha izihlobo zakhe ngonya. Sikhuluma ikakhulukazi ngalezi zinyoni ezifudukela emazweni afudumele ngesikhathi sasebusika. Njengazo zonke ezinye izinyoni, endaweni entsha zidinga ukuhlala kuyo futhi zenze izidleke ezintsha, kodwa akubona bonke abantu abathola indawo yale ndawo entsha yokuhlala. Maqondana nalezi zinto ezingenhla, kwesinye isikhathi kufanele zilwe nazo.

Iqiniso elihehayo: umuntu angabona kaningi ukuthi ikhayithi elibomvu lihlobisa isidleke salo ngento ethile ekhanyayo, isibonelo, izikhwama zepulasitiki noma udoti ocwebezelayo. Konke lokhu inyoni ikwenza ukuze kumaka indawo yayo.

Ama-kite abomvu, njengazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zohlobo lwama kite uqobo, nayo iyinyoni evilapha kakhulu futhi ene-clumsy. Endizeni, uhamba kancane, kepha ngaphandle kwalokhu, ngesikhathi sakhe sokuphumula, uthanda ukuba kude kakhulu kusuka ezingeni lomhlaba isikhathi eside. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi inyoni ikwazi ukundiza emoyeni isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu eyi-15 ngaphandle kokuphapha ngamaphiko ayo.

Lolu hlobo lwe-hawk lunomqondo ohlukile. Bangakwazi ukwahlukanisa kalula umgibeli ojwayelekile kumzingeli, ngakho-ke, ngezikhathi eziyingozi, i-kite ebomvu ifihla kalula ingozi engenzeka.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Photo: Red Kite

Ukuphinda kukhiqizwe ikhayithi elibomvu, njengezinyoni eziningi, kuqala entwasahlobo, ngoMashi noma ngo-Ephreli. Babhekwa njenge-monogamous, esinye sezizathu zokukholelwa kunjalo iqiniso lokuthi ikiti elibomvu linamathele kakhulu endaweni yokuhlala, lapho yena uqobo azalelwa khona. Izinyoni zivame kakhulu ukuqhubeka nokukhetha indawo efanayo nezimbili zazo isikhathi ngasinye sezidleke.

Imvamisa izinyoni zenza umkhuba osiza ekukhetheni umbhangqwana. Ama-kite abomvu awafani nalokhu. Owesilisa nowesifazane bandiza ngejubane eliphezulu komunye nomunye futhi kuphela ngomzuzu wokugcina bavale indlela. Kwesinye isikhathi bangajikeleza isikhathi eside, bathintane, kusukela ohlangothini ungacabanga ukuthi lokhu kuyimpi.

Ngemuva kwemidlalo yokuqhathanisa, abazali besikhathi esizayo babandakanyeka ekuhleleni isidleke, bakhethe amagatsha amade ezihlahla kuwo, afinyelela kumamitha ayi-12-16. Indwangu ingamawisi owomile, utshani, kanye nezinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokwenza iziqu - imbozwe ngoboya bezimvu ngaphezulu. Kwesinye isikhathi bakhetha izimbaza noma izidleke ezilahliwe. Isici esijabulisayo ukuthi isokhethi lusetshenziswa into efanayo ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Ku-clutch kukhona amaqanda ukusuka ku-1 kuya ku-4, umbala wawo umhlophe ngephethini emelela amachashazi abomvu. Imvamisa inzalo eyodwa ikhuliswa ngonyaka. Iyashona izinsuku ezingama-37- 38. Cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi isikhathi sokukhonkotha kwenzeka, insikazi ayishiyi esidlekeni, futhi owesilisa uthola yena futhi ngokwakhe, futhi kamuva inzalo, nayo. Futhi lapho amaphuphu esevele enamasonto ama-2 ubudala, khona-ke umama uyandizela ukuyodla. Kuyamangaza ukuthi amachwane awanabo ubungane komunye nomunye. Izingane ziqala ukundiza ngezinsuku ezingama-48-60, bese zishiya ngokuphelele abazali bazo emasontweni angama-2-3 ngemuva kwendiza yokuqala. Futhi kakade eminyakeni emi-2 yokuphila kwabo bangakwazi ukuzala kabusha inzalo yabo.

Izitha zemvelo ze-kite ebomvu

Photo: Red Kite

Ngokumangazayo, inyoni enamandla futhi enamandla amakhulu kangaka inezitha eziningi zemvelo ezibangela inani elikhulu ngokwanele lokuphazamiseka kwentuthuko yabantu.

I-kite emnyama idudula inyoni, okusho ukuthi izimpaphe zethu zinomlingani ofuna ukudla okufanayo futhi athathe indawo, amvimbele ukuthi aphile buthule. Njengoba sazi kakade, ama-kite abomvu athanda ukudla esidlekeni esifanayo, lapho endiza khona la minyaka yonke.

Isitha sabo esibaluleke kakhulu ngumuntu. Futhi iphuzu lapha aligcini nje ngokuzingela le nyoni enhle, kepha futhi nokuphazamisa ukuthula endaweni lapho izinyoni zisetshenziselwa ukumisa khona. Izinyoni eziningi ziyafa entanjeni ephezulu yokudluliselwa kwamandla. Amakhemikhali asetshenziswa njengama-insecticides, ama-acaricides, ama-defoliants nawo enza ingozi enkulu, i-organophosphorus compounds ibhekiswa kulezo zingxube. I-Chlorine compounds, eyayisetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukubulala izinambuzane futhi isetshenziswa futhi njengamayeza okubulala izinambuzane, nayo iyingozi kakhulu. Lawa makhemikhali awusizo endlini asiza umuntu, kepha ngasikhathi sinobuthi nokufa kwezilwane eziningi, kufaka phakathi i-red kite.

Futhi, imfuhlumfuhlu yezinyoni zonakaliswa yimikhaza grey, izindunduma kanye nemisipha, nayo evimbela ukulondolozwa nokwanda kwesibalo sabantu.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Photo: Red Kite

Uma sikhuluma ngenani labantu abomvu be-kite, ngeshwa, inani labo lehlile kakhulu. Manje inamazwana ayi-19 kuye kwangama-37. Impela, iqhaza eliholayo lokugula okunjalo lithathwa ngumsebenzi womuntu olinde inyoni enhle futhi emangalisayo enesibhamu lapha. Vele, yini okumangazayo, ngoba inyoni enamandla amakhulu, engafinyeleleki futhi emuhle ngokwedlulele, lapho isifiso esikhulu sokubamba, ukubulala, noma okubi kakhulu - khona-ke yenza isilwane esigcotshwe inkumbulo, njengoba abazingeli abathanda ukukuthanda bekwenza. Kepha isibhamu asigcini lapho.

Isibalo sabantu siyanda minyaka yonke, futhi nabo indawo yemvelo yekite elibomvu iyancishiswa. Ngenxa yomsebenzi owandisiwe wezolimo, kunzima ukuthi lezi zinyoni zidleke, ngoba zijwayela endaweni eyodwa. Kodwa-ke, akuyona yonke into edabukisa kakhulu, izinto ziya ngokukhuphuka enkabeni nasenyakatho nentshonalanga yeYurophu futhi eminyakeni embalwa edlule, abantu bayalulama kancane. Kepha, ngokweqiniso, lokhu akwanele, ngeke baphile ngaphandle kokuvikelwa nosizo lomuntu. Kepha inyoni, ngemuva kwakho konke, inendawo yokuxhumana ebalulekile. Umuntu kumele azame kanzima ukuthi wephule imithetho yemvelo, zonke izinto eziphilayo zixhunyiwe, ezinye eziningi zingahlupheka ngokuqothulwa kohlobo olulodwa.

Ukulondolozwa kwekati elibomvu

Photo: Red Kite

Uma sikhuluma ngokuvikelwa kwekhayithi elibomvu, okokuqala-ke kufanele siqaphele ukuthi akuyona yonke indawo lapho inani labantu liphansi ngokwehla kwamanani. Kwezinye izindawo, akaqedi, kepha usadinga isivikelo esithembekile nosizo oluvela kumuntu.

Njengoba sishilo ngenhla, izinhlobo zithathelwa indawo yikiti elimnyama, okungenye yezizathu ezibalulekile nezingathi sína. I-Red Kite inesimo kwi-Red Book, esisho ukuthi inyoni isengozini. Kubhekiselwa kuyo njengenhlobo eyivelakancane lapho lolu sizo luthathwa njengokuphetha kwezivumelwano phakathi kwamanye amazwe ngokuvikelwa kwezinyoni ezifudukayo, imikhawulo yomsebenzi wezolimo kanye nemikhawulo yendawo yokuwela izihlahla.

I-Red Kite, kunjalo, nayo ifakiwe kwiNcwadi ebomvu yeRussian Federation, futhi isivumelwano sezizwe ngezokuvikelwa kwalezi zinyoni sesiphothuliwe phakathi kweRussia neNdiya. Izinyoni zibhalwe njengezinyoni ezingandile esifundeni saseBaltic, iSithasiselo 2 seBonn Convention, iSithasiselo 2 seBerne Convention, iSithasiselo 2 seCITES. Futhi, ngokujwayelekile, noma yimuphi umsebenzi wobuntu obuyingozi ngesikhathi esidlekeni sekhayithi elibomvu uyamiswa. Lezi nezinye izindlela azisizi ukuthi abantu bangahlali nje kuphela, kepha futhi zandisa inani labo, ngoba yikhona kuphela okungasindisa izinhlobo zezinhlobo ukuthi zingashabalali.

I-kite ebomvu - inyoni emangalisayo futhi eyingqayizivele. Imininingwane yakhe ebonakalayo iyamangaza bonke abacwaningi bezilwane. Le nyoni inokukhuthazela okumangalisayo nekhono lokuzingela elihle kakhulu, kepha, yize kunjalo, inani layo emvelweni lisancipha. Sidinga ukuqaphela futhi siqaphe inani labantu balezi zinhlobo okungenani ezweni lethu. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi yonke into emvelo ixhumekile.