Izinja zinendawo ekhethekile ezimpilweni zabantu. Lezi ezifuywayo zinezimfanelo eziningi ezinhle nezinzuzo. Izinja ezinobungane nezithembekile zingazola, zijabule futhi zivikele nabaninizo.
Kukhona izinhlobo zezinja ezihlaba umxhwele ngosayizi. Izinja ezinjalo zivame ukusetshenziswa ngabantu njengezinja eziqaphe noma zokuzingela izilwane zasendle. Ngokwesayensi kufakazelwe ukuthi izinja ezinkulu zizolile futhi ziyalalela. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi abanikazi bawo bafundisa kahle izintandokazi zabo.
Yini izinhlobo zezinja ezinkulu kakhulu?
1. IsiNgisi
Lokhu kuzalaniswa kwenziwa e-UK ngonyaka we-1883. Ekuqaleni, ama-mastiffs esiNgisi ayesetshenziselwa izimpi ze-gladiatorial kanye nokuxhashazwa kwezilwane ezinkulu. Abuye asetshenziselwe inkonzo yezempi kanye nokuqondisa izigqila.
Iqiniso elihehayo. Ama-mastiffs esiNgisi yizinja ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni. Owesilisa osemdala unesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-113. Ukuphakama lapho kubuna cishe ngamasentimitha angama-76.
Kunecala elaziwayo lapho inja yalolu hlobo ibiza isisindo esingu-155 kg. Ukuphakama kwaso kwakungamasentimitha angama-93. Ngenxa yesimo saso esinenkani, le nja kunzima ukuyiqeqesha. Imvamisa igcinwa emizini yabantu noma emapulazini. Inja ilungele abantu abanezingane.
2. Kuhle Dane
Lokhu kuzalaniswa kwafuywa eJalimane ngonyaka we-1888. Inja yaziwa ngobukhulu bayo obuhlaba umxhwele kanye nesimo esihle somzimba.
Inesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-50-90. Ukukhula kwabesilisa lapho kubuna ngamasentimitha angama-80-90.
Izinja ze-Great Dane ziyizinja ezithobekile futhi ezinobungane. Bahlangana kahle nezingane, futhi futhi babekezelela kalula ukuhlangana ndawonye nezinye izilwane ezifuywayo. I-Great Dane izwa kahle imikhosi yabo. Abathandi ukuba bodwa.
3. USanta Bernard
Lokhu kuzalaniswa kuvela eNyakatho ye-Italy naseSwitzerland. Uvele maphakathi nekhulu le-17 ngokunqamula imastiffs yaseTibetan nezinja zasendaweni. Izindela ezihlala emagqumeni zisebenzisa le nja enkulu futhi eqinile ukusindisa abantu abathinteka ezinhlanzini.
Isisindo esijwayelekile se-St Bernards sizohluka kusuka ku-65 kuya ku-120 kilos. Ukuphakama lapho kubuna kowesilisa osekhulile ngamasentimitha angama-80.
ISt Bernards inomlingisi okhalazayo. Ukuze zihlale zizolile, zizama ukugwema izinja ezincane. Lokhu kuzalanisa kufanele abantu bomndeni.
4. I-Neapolitan Mastiff
Lesi siqu esikhulu ngokubabazekayo sanikezwa e-Italy. Enye yezinhlobo ezindala kakhulu zezinja ekuqaleni yayisetshenziselwa ukuvikela abantu nempahla yabo.
Izinja zabantu abadala zinesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-60-70. Ukuphakama lapho kubuna khona abesilisa cishe ngamasentimitha angama-70.
Yize ibukeka kabi, i-Neapolitan mastiff inomusa kakhulu futhi inobuntu. Anamathiselwe kumnikazi futhi awabekezeleli ukuncintisana, ngakho-ke ayanqika ukuxhumana nezinye izilwane ezifuywayo.
5. I-Irish Wolfhound
Kakade ngegama le nja kuyacaca ukuthi uqhamuka e-Ireland. Lokhu kuzalaniswa kwahlaselwa ukuzingela umdlalo omkhulu.
Abesilisa bangakhula babe ngamasentimitha angama-81 ukuphakama futhi banesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-68.
Inja inemilenze emide kakhulu futhi eqinile. Izimpisi zase-Ireland zinhle ngokwedlulele. Bangakwazi ukumela inkosi yabo uma bezwa ingozi. Lokhu kuzalanisa kudume kakhulu phakathi kwabafuyi bezinja.
6. Leonberger
Lokhu kuzalaniswa kwafuywa edolobheni laseLeonberg, eliseJalimane. Ukufuya kwavela ngo-1846 ngenxa yokuwela izinja zasezintabeni zasePyrenean, amaLandseers naseSt Bernards. ILeonberger ngokubukeka kwayo ifana namabhubesi anezinwele eziphindwe kabili.
Ukukhula kowesilisa kuyahlukahluka kusuka kumasentimitha angama-72 kuye kwangama-80. Inja endala inganesisindo esingama-kilogremu angama-77.
Lezi zinja ezinkulu ezinomsindo omkhulu zithanda izingane. Bangaba abangane abaqotho nabangane kumakhosi abo.
7. INewfoundland
Lokhu kuzalanisa kuqala ukuvela eCanada. Inja ekuqaleni yayisetshenziselwa ukuthwala imithwalo esindayo.
Isisindo esivamile sabesilisa ngamakhilogremu angama-68. Bangakhula babe ngamasentimitha angama-76.
Ngemilenze enamandla yasemuva, iNewfoundlands ingashesha ukubhukuda emanzini. Le nja inejazi elimbili elimsiza ukuthi afudumale emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Abantu baseNewfoundlands baziwa ngobuhlakani babo nokuzinikela kwabo. Abakhombisi ulaka kubantu.
8. Umelusi we-Anatolian
Lokhu kuzalaniswa kwenja kwasendulo kwafuywa eTurkey. Emakhulukhulu asendulo, abelusi base-Anatolian babesetshenziswa ukuzingela izilwane ezinkulu, kanye nokuvikela imfuyo ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye.
Izinja zikhula zibe amasentimitha angama-80 futhi zinesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-65.
Inja Yamalusi Ye-Anatolian iqinile ngokomzimba. Uyakuthanda ukudlala nezingane futhi uqeqeshwa kahle kakhulu emaqenjini ahlukahlukene. Le nja ilungele abanikazi bezindlu ezizimele, amakamela noma abalimi.
9. Ama-Pyrenees asezinja asentabeni
Ukuzalela kwakheka eFrance. Abalimi basebenzise lezi zinja ezinkulu nezinhle ukuvikela izindlu nemfuyo. Ama-aristocrat amaFrance akhetha ukuwagcina ezigodlweni zawo nasezigodlweni zawo.
Abesilisa banesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-55 ngokwesilinganiso. Ukukhula kwabo kufinyelela amasentimitha angama-80.
Izinja ezisezintabeni zasePyrenees azikulungele ukuhlala ezindlini zasemadolobheni, ngoba zidinga ukuhamba njalo. Banomusa ezinganeni ezincane nasezilwaneni ezifuywayo.
10. Inja yeBordeaux
Lokhu kuzalaniswa kuvela eFrance. Kusetshenziselwe ukuzikhandla. Izinja zeBordeaux zaziqapha imihlambi yezimpisi.
Izinja zabantu abadala zingaba nesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-60. Ukukhula kowesilisa cishe ngamasentimitha angama-60-68.
Umzimba wonke wenja umbozwe ngesikhumba esinyene. Kwakha amafolda amaningi. UFogue de Bordeaux unomlingiswa olinganiselayo nozolile. Naphezu kobukhulu bayo obukhulu, lohlobo olufanele uhlala ezindlini zasemadolobheni.
I-Deerhound (IScotland Reindeer Greyhound)
- Izwe Lendabuko: IScotland.
- Ukuphakama lapho kubuna: abesilisa kusuka ku-76 cm, izinsikazi kusuka ku-71 cm.
- Isisindo: abesilisa 39 - 50 kg, abesifazane 34 - 43 kg.
I-Deerhound noma iScotland reindeer greyhound - uhlobo lokuzingela, lwadalelwa inyamazane yokuxhashazwa futhi lubhekwa njengenye yezinhlobo ezindala kakhulu emhlabeni. Lesi siqhwaga siyakwazi ukuthuthukisa isivinini esikhulu, singabamba ngokuthula sibulale inyamazane. I-Dierhound inomqondo omuhle kakhulu wokuzingela, ukuthambekela kwemvelo, nokusabela okusheshayo. Izinja zalolu hlobo lokuzala zilukhuni futhi zisebenza kahle. Bazophishekela inhloso ababekelwe yona ngokukhuthala okunomusa.
I-Scottish reindeer greyhound iyinja esebenzayo kakhulu, idinga ukuzivocavoca njalo ukuze ihlale inesimo esihle somzimba nempilo. Inomlingiswa olinganiselayo nozolile, ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo ayivezi ubudlova futhi empeleni ayikhonkothi. Kuyabolekisana nokuqeqeshwa, kukhumbula kalula imiyalo yomnikazi.
Uzinikele kuwo wonke amalungu omndeni ahlala kuwo, usizwa kahle isimo somnikazi futhi amphazamise ngaphandle kwesizathu. Uthanda izingane zomnikazi, uyisidakamizwa esisebenzayo kubo. Naphezu kobukhulu bayo obukhulu, ayihambelani kahle nomsebenzi wonogada, ngoba ngokwethemba ibaphatha abantu bangaphandle.
10. I-Deerhound
- Ukuphakama okuphezulu nesisindo samadoda kungama-80 cm nama-50 kg.
- Ukuphakama okuphezulu nesisindo sama-bitches kungama-70 cm nama-35-43 kg.
Lezi greyhound zazenzelwe ukuzingela izinyamazane. Abandulele le ngoma kwakuyizinja zamaScot namaPicts, abasiza abantu ekuzingeleni izidumbu. Isikhathi eside lo mfutho wawungaziwa ngaphandle kweScotland futhi ngonyaka we-1892 kuphela owaziwa ngokusemthethweni. Ama-Dirhound aqine kakhulu, ahlukile ekuphenduleni okusheshayo kanye nephunga elibukhali kakhulu. Abavamile ukukhonkotha, futhi bakholwe kalula kubantu, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukuthi babe ngabaqaphi abahle. Kepha lokhu kuyinja enhle yomzingeli.
9. I-Irish Wolfhound
- Ukuphakama okuphezulu nesisindo samadoda kungama-86 cm nama-55 kg.
- Ukuphakama okuphezulu nesisindo sama-bitches kungama-86 cm nama-48 kg.
Uhlobo oludala kakhulu lwezinja ezizingelayo. Ukukhulunywa okubhaliwe kwezimpisi zase-Ireland kuqala kuvela kumarekhodi ommeli waseRoma ngonyaka ka-391 A.D. Ngokungafani nabanye ababambe iqhaza kwizinja eziyi-10 ezikhulukazi emhlabeni, izimpisi zase-Ireland zinobuntu obuhlukahlukene futhi zidume ngokuzimela kwazo. Akuvamile ukuthi ziyiziwula noma zinolaka.
8. Komondor
- Ukuphakama okuphezulu nesisindo samadoda kungama-80 cm nama-60 kg.
- Ukuphakama okuphezulu nesisindo sama-bitches ngu-70 cm no-50 kg.
Izinja zomelusi zaseHungary zingenye yezinja ezinkulu kunazo zonke, enesithombe esibonakala ngathi "Ah, i-mop lively!" Kukhona inguqulo abonakala ngayo ngenxa yokuwela abelusi nezimpisi zakudala. Ama-Komondor asiza abelusi, bavikela imfuyo neminye impahla. Zibonakala kalula ngenxa yezinwele zazo ezinde ezifana nezintambo, lezi zinja zingenye yengcebo yezwe yaseHungary. Bazivumelanisa ngokuphelele nezimo zasemadolobheni futhi bangabaqaphi abahle.
7. Leonberger
- Ukuphakama okuphezulu nesisindo samadoda kungama-75 cm nama-68 kg.
- Ukuphakama okuphezulu nesisindo sama-bitches kungama-70 cm nama-52 kg.
Kwesinye isikhathi lezi zinja zibizwa ngokuthi "ingonyama emnene", yize igama elithi "Leonberger" livela edolobheni laseJalimane iLeonberg. ILeonberger ibonakala kalula ngejazi layo eliphakeme elinamanzi. Lezi zinja ngokuvamile zithembeke kakhulu, zihlakaniphe, ziyadlala, zizenze izilwane ezihamba kahle zomngane. Ngeshwa, uLeonberger akahlali isikhathi eside - ngokwesilinganiso, iminyaka engu-7.
6. Tosa inu
- Ukuphakama okuphezulu nesisindo samadoda kungama-82 cm nama-100 kg.
- Ukuphakama okuphezulu nesisindo sama-bitches kungama-65 cm nama-90 kg.
Ekuqaleni, iTosa Inu yayinkulunkulukazi yeTosa yaseJapan njengenja yokulwa. Abamele lo mhlobo wohlobo lwezinhlobo ziyahlukahluka ngosayizi. Izinhlobo zohlobo lwaseJapan sezisonke zisuka ku-36 ziye ku-61 kg, kanti abalimi abangaphandle kwaseJapan bagxile kakhulu ekufuyeni izinja ezinesisindo esiphakathi kuka-60 no-100 kg. UTosa Inu wawela nezinhlobo ezinkulu zezinja zaseYurophu ezifana ne-mastiff, iSt Bernard, kanye nezindawo ezinqamula izinkabi ukuze kutholakale isilwane esikhudlwana nesiqine.
5. Umelusi weCaucasian
- Ukuphakama okuphezulu nesisindo sabesilisa kungama-81 cm nama-110 kg.
- Ukuphakama okuphezulu nesisindo sama-bitches ngamasentimitha angama-76 nama-76 kg.
Izinhlobo zezinja, ezidumile eRussia, e-Armenia, eAzerbaijan, eGeorgia kanye nasenyakatho neCaucasus. "AmaCaucasians" ayindlela enengqondo futhi ehlakaniphile yokuqapha, kepha adinga isandla esiqinile. Kwanele ukubuka noma iyiphi ividiyo enomelusi waseCaucasian ukuze aqonde ukuthi kungaba yingozi kangakanani i-hepper kumuntu othanda izinja nabanye abangenalwazi.
4. INewfoundland
- Ukuphakama okuphezulu nesisindo samadoda kungama-71 cm nama-120 kg.
- Ukuphakama okuphezulu nesisindo sowesifazane kungama-cm angama -66 nama-55 kg.
Kuqala, la madoda abukeka emuhle ayezalwa njengenja esebenza ngokudoba. AmaNewfoundlands amakhulu, ahlakaniphile ayaziwa ngamakhono awo okubhukuda amahle kakhulu. Isihlobo saseNewfoundlands yinja ende kunazo zonke emhlabeni - i-Boomer (ubude buyi-213 cm nama-90 cm ukuphakama). I-Boomer luhlobo lomhlaba oluthathwe eNewfoundlands.
3. Ukuqina kwesiNgisi
- Ukuphakama okuphezulu nesisindo sabesilisa kungama-80 cm nama-156 kg.
- Ukuphakama okuphezulu nesisindo sama-bitches kungama-70 cm nama-91 kg.
Esimweni sesithathu sesilinganiso kukhona imidondoshiya emibi, enomusa ngaphakathi. I-mastiff yesiNgisi ingenye yezinja ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni, ngokwesisindo somzimba. Ukubuyekezwa kokuqala kwalezi zinja ezinkulu zivela ngekhulu le-6 BC. Futhi ngesikhathi sokunqoba kweNgilandi iNgilandi, amaRoma athembeka namandla. Isigaxa esinzima kunazo zonke emlandweni wohlobo lwazo kwakungu owesilisa ogama lakhe lingu-Aikama Zorbo, enesisindo esingama-156 kg.
2. USanta Bernard
- Ukuphakama okuphezulu nesisindo sabesilisa kungama-90 cm nama-166 kg.
- Ukuphakama okuphezulu nesisindo sama-bitches kungama-70 cm nama-100 kg.
Kuqala, iSt Bernards yavunyelwa ukuba isindiswe emayini yase-Italy naseSwitzerland Alps. Ukulingana kweSanta Bernard kukhulu - lapho ibuna ingafinyelela amasentimitha angama-90 futhi imvamisa inesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-120 Futhi umpetha ufike ku-166 kg. ISt Bernards izinja ezinomusa kakhulu, ziyazithanda izingane ezincane, futhi azizithandi ngempela izinja ezincane.
Inja Yomalusi Wase-Anatolian (Kangal)
- Izwe Lomsuka: Turkey.
- Ukuphakama lapho kubuna: abesilisa 74 - 81 cm, insikazi 71 - 79 cm.
- Isisindo: abesilisa 50 - 65 kg, abesifazane 40 - 55 kg.
Inja Yamalusi Ye-Anatolian (Kangal) uhlobo olukhulu lokuqapha. Igama elijwayelekile laseTurkey nguKangal. Unesibindi, uqine, uqine, usebenza kahle, une-psyche ezinzile, ukukhonkotha kuyaqabukela, kuphela uma kunesidingo. Ukuthi okhokho bakhe bakhetha kanjani ukuba segqumeni, bhekisisa okwenzekayo nxazonke bese ulawula konke kulawulwa. IKangal kulula ukuyiqeqesha, ihlangana kahle nezilwane ezifuywayo futhi idinga indawo enkulu. ETurkey, isasetshenziselwa ukuvikela imihlambi yezimvu ezimpisi. Imidlwane yabelusi base-Anatoliya kufanele izindlebe zabo zitshalwe ukuze kulwe impisi ingakwazi ukubamba nokulimaza ikhanda lenja. Collar spike empeleni igqoke entanyeni, ukuvikela umphimbo emazinyweni esihlaseli esinolaka. ENingizimu Afrika, babonge kakhulu amandla, ijubane kanye nesivinini sokuphendula kwe-Anatolian Shepherd Inja futhi bayisebenzisela ukuvikela amapulazi ezingwenkosheni.
IsiHungary Kuvas
- Izwe Lendabuko: IHungary.
- Ukuphakama lapho kubuna: abesilisa 71 - 76 cm, insikazi 66 - 70 cm.
- Isisindo: abesilisa 48 - 62 kg, abesifazane 37 - 50 kg.
I-Hungary kuvas iyinja enkulu yomalusi efuywa eHungary ukuvikela imfuyo. Abelusi baseHungary babewusebenzisa ukuvikela izilwane ezifuywayo emadlelweni aphansi nasentabeni, futhi njengomlindi oqinile onesibindi. Isici esiyinhloko sokuzalela lokhu yi-Hungary kuvas - uboya obumhlophe, obekusiza umelusi ukwahlukanisa inja nebhere nemfene ebumnyameni.
Namuhla kuwuhlobo olwaziwa ngezindlela eziningi, unogada omuhle kakhulu, onogada bomzimba, umsubathi kanye nenja yomndeni enhle. Unesibindi, unesibopho futhi akanasibindi, uzovikela umnikazi nensimu ayiphathisiwe ngentengo yempilo yakhe. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, ufuna inhlonipho nothando ngaye, ngeke abekezelele ubudlova nesimo sengqondo esibi. IHungary Kuvas iyinhlobo enhle, eqhoshayo kakhulu, ezimele, ezimele nenkululeko ethanda inkululeko. Ilalela imiyalo enengqondo yomnikazi, isabalalisa izihambi, ayithambekele ekuboniseni ulaka olungenasisekelo.