Indlovu - kuyinto uphawu lwangempela, noma uphawu olungenazo izindlebe, amalungu esiqalo esikhonkwane. Lezi izidalwa ezimangazayo: izintokazi ezinkulu ezinamafutha ezinamaphiko okulengiswa, izintokazi ezikhangayo ezibonakala zihlala zimomotheka, namathole amahle e-chubby ngesifiso esikhulu.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Isithombe: Seal Elephant
Uphawu lwendlovu luhlobo lokujula kolwandle, umuntu ohamba amabanga amade, isilwane ebesilamba isikhathi eside. Izindlovu zasolwandle ziyingqayizivele, zihlangana ndawonye emhlabeni ukuze zizale, zishade futhi zilume, kepha zizodwa olwandle. Izidingo ezinkulu zibekwe ekubonakaleni kwazo ukuze ziqhubeke nomjaho wazo. Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi izimpawu zamanzi endlovu zingane zedolphin neplypus noma ihlengethwa ne-koala.
Ukubukeka nezimpawu
Photo: Ngabe ibukeka kanjani indlovu yasolwandle?
Izindlovu zasolwandle ziyizilwane ezithandekayo zomndeni wakwaPhocidae. Uphawu lwendlovu olusenyakatho luphuzi noma i-taupe, kuyilapho indlovu yaseningizimu iyi-taupe. Izinhlobo zaseningizimu zinesikhathi esibanzi sokuncibilika, lapho izindawo ezibalulekile zezinwele nezesikhumba ziphuma. Abesilisa balezi zinhlobo zombili bafinyelela ubude obungamamitha ayi-6.5 (21 ft) nesisindo esingama-3,530 kg (7,780 amakhilogremu) futhi bakhula kakhulu kunabesifazane lapho kwesinye isikhathi sifinyelela amamitha ayi-3.5 nesisindo esingama-900 kg.
Izimpawu zasendlovu zifinyelela isivinini esingama-23.2 km / h. Isibhakela esikhulu kunazo zonke esingama-33 akhona uphawu lwaseningizimu lwendlovu. Abesilisa bangaba ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-6 ubude futhi babe nesisindo esingamathani ayi-4,5. Izimpawu zasolwandle zinobuso obuyindilinga obubanzi obunamehlo amakhulu kakhulu. Amakhulu azalwa ngezinwele ezimnyama, ezibonisa cishe ngesikhathi sokuxoshwa (izinsuku ezingama-28), zifakwa esikhundleni sejazi elibushelelezi nelimpunga. Ngokuhamba konyaka, ijazi liba nsundu onsundu.
Izindlovu zensikazi ziqala ukuzala zineminyaka engaba ngu-4, yize ububanzi busukela eminyakeni emi-2 kuye kwengama-6. Abantu besifazane babhekwa njengabakhule ngokomzimba lapho beneminyaka engu-6 ubudala. Iziduna zifinyelela eminyakeni yobudala emi-4, lapho ikhala liqala ukukhula. Ekhaleni kuwuphawu lwesibili lwezocansi, kufana nentshebe yendoda, futhi lungafinyelela ubude obumangalisayo bengxenye yemitha. Abesilisa bafika ekuvuthweni ngokomzimba eneminyaka engaba ngu-9. Isikhathi sokuzala esiyinhloko yiminyaka engu-9-12. Izimpawu zasendlovu ezisenyakatho ziphila isilinganiso seminyaka engu-9, kanti izindlovu zaseningizimu ziphila iminyaka engama-20 kuye kwengama-22.
Abantu balahlekelwa izinwele nesikhumba ngaso sonke isikhathi, kepha izindlovu zihamba ngohlobo lwe-molt eyinhlekelele, lapho lonke ungqimba lwe-epidermis lunamathele khona ezinwele ngasikhathi sinye. Isizathu salokhu okushubile ukuthi olwandle bachitha isikhathi sabo esiningi kumanzi abandayo, ajulile. Lapho ucwiliswa, igazi lisuka esikhunjeni. Lokhu kuzisiza ukuba zigcine amandla futhi zingalahlekelwa ukushisa komzimba. Izilwane ziza emhlabathini ngesikhathi sokuncibilika, ngoba kulokhu, igazi lingajikeleza esikhunjeni ukusiza ukukhulisa ungqimba olusha lwe-epidermis nezinwele.
Ihlala kuphi indlovu?
Isithombe: ISilo Sendlovu Eseningizimu
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezimpawu zasendlovu:
Izimpawu zasendlovu ezisenyakatho zitholakala enyakatho yePacific Ocean zisuka eBaja California, eMexico ziye eGulf of Alaska nase-Aleutian Islands. Ngenkathi yokuzalela, bahlala emabhishi eziqhingini ezisogwini nasezindaweni ezithile ezikude ezweni. Kuwo wonke unyaka, ngaphandle kwezikhathi zokuncibilikisa, izindikimba zezindlovu zihlala kude nolwandle (kuze kufike kumakhilomitha angama-8000), zivame ukucwila kumamitha angaphezu kuka-1,500 ngaphansi kolwandle.
Izimpawu zasendlovu zaseningizimu (iMirounga leonina) zihlala emanzini angamakhaza e-Antarctic nasebandayo. Basakazekela kulo lonke uLwandle Oluseningizimu ezungeze i-Antarctica naseziqhingini eziningi eziphansi. Inani labantu ligxile eziqhingini zase-Antipode naseziqhingini zaseCampbell. Ebusika, zivame ukuvakashela iziqhingi zase-Auckland, Antipode naseSnares, okuvame kakhulu ukuthi kube iziqhingi zaseChatham kwesinye isikhathi nezindawo ezahlukahlukene zasemaqeleni. Kwesinye isikhathi izindlovu zaseningizimu zivakashela ogwini lwasendaweni yezwe laseNew Zealand.
Emgwaqweni omkhulu, bangahlala kule ndawo izinyanga eziningi, banikeze abantu ithuba lokubona izilwane ezivame ukuhlala emanzini angaphansi komhlaba. Umusa nejubane lezilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu zasolwandle kungaba umbono omuhle kakhulu, futhi izimpawu ezincane zingadlala kakhulu.
Iqiniso elihehayo:Ngokungafani nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle eziningi (ezinjengemikhomo nezidugong), izindlovu azisemanzini ngokuphelele: ziyahamba ziphuma emanzini ziyophumula, zilume, zishade bese zizala amawundlu.
Idlani indlovu?
Isithombe: uphawu lwendlovu lowesifazane
Izindlovu zasolwandle ziyizidleke zasendlini. Izindlovu ezingaseningizimu ziyizisulu zolwandle oluvulekile futhi zisebenzisa isikhathi sabo esiningi olwandle. Zidla izinhlanzi, ama-squid noma amanye ama-cephalopod atholakala emanzini ase-Antarctic. Bafika begudla kuphela bezokuzalela nopelepele. Bonke abanye unyaka bachitha bedla olwandle, lapho bephumula khona, bebhukuda ebusweni bese begxila beyofuna izinhlanzi ezinkulu nama-squid. Ngenkathi zisolwandle, zivame ukususwa ezindaweni ezizaliswayo, futhi zihamba amabanga amade kakhulu phakathi kwezikhathi ezichithwa emhlabeni.
Kukholakala ukuthi abesilisa nabesilisa babo badla izisulu ezahlukahlukene. Ukudla kwabesifazane kuqukethe kakhulu i-squid, kanti ukudla kwabesilisa kuhluke kakhulu, kuhlanganisa oshaka abancane, ama-stingrays nezinye izinhlanzi ezingezansi. Lapho befuna ukudla, abesilisa bahamba emashalofini wezwekazi baye eGulf of Alasa. Abesifazane bavame ukuya enyakatho nasentshonalanga olwandle oluvulekile kakhulu. Uphawu lwendlovu lwenza lokhu kufuduka kabili ngonyaka, futhi kubuye kube nokuthathwa kwezinyawo.
Izindlovu zasolwandle ziyafuduka zifuna ukudla, zichitha izinyanga olwandle futhi zivame ukuntywila lapho zifuna ukudla. Ebusika, babuyela kumaqhude abo ukuze bazale futhi bazale. Yize izindlovu zesilisa nezensikazi zichitha isikhathi olwandle, izindlela zazo zokufuduka kanye nemikhuba yokudla ziyahlukahluka: abesilisa balandela indlela engaguquguquki, bazingela eshalofini elizwekazi futhi bazingele ukudla phansi kolwandle, kuyilapho izintokazi ziguqula izindlela zazo zifuna ukuhambisa inyamazane kanye ukuzingela okuningi olwandle oluvulekile. Ngaphandle kokuqubuka kwezinkanyezi, izimpawu zasendlovu zisebenzisa umbono wazo kanye namadevu wazo ukuzwa ukunyakaza eduzane.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Indlovu yasolwandle ngemvelo
Izindlovu zasolwandle ziya ogwini futhi zakhe amakoloni izinyanga ezimbalwa kuphela ngonyaka ukuzala, ukuzala nokuqothula. Kuwo wonke unyaka, amakoloni ayahluka, futhi abantu bachitha isikhathi sabo esiningi bafuna ukudla, okusho ukubhukuda izinkulungwane zamamayela nokujula ekujuleni okukhulu. Ngenkathi izindlovu zisolwandle zifuna ukudla, zishona ziye ekujuleni okumangalisayo.
Imvamisa zishona ziye ekujuleni okungamamitha ayi-1,500. Isikhathi sokumba esiphakathi yimizuzu engama-20, kepha angakwazi ukutshuza ihora noma ngaphezulu. Lapho izindlovu zasolwandle zifika phezulu, zichitha imizuzu engama-2-4 kuphela emhlabeni ngaphambi kokumba futhi - futhi ziqhubeke nale nqubo yokumbila amahora angama-24 ngosuku.
Emhlabeni, izihlambi zezindlovu zivame ukuhlala zingenamanzi isikhathi eside. Ukugwema ukomisa, izinso zazo zingakhiqiza umchamo ohlanganisiwe, oqukethe imfucuza ethe xaxa namanzi amancane angempela eweni ngalinye. I-rookery iyindawo enomsindo omkhulu ngesikhathi sokuzalela, njengoba abesilisa bephimisa izwi, amawundlu okumele adliwe, kanye nabesifazane baxabane ngenxa yendawo yabo enhle namawundlu. Ukugaya, ukudonsa, ukugqekeza, ukushwabana, ukusika, ukuqhubukusha kanye nokubhonga komuntu wesilisa kuyahlangana ukwenza ukuvumelana komsindo wendlovu yolwandle.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Inkonyane yendlovu
Isembozo sendlovu eseningizimu, njengendlovu yasenyakatho, iyazalanisa futhi inyibilike emhlabathini, kepha ifihlwe olwandle, mhlawumbe eduze kwepakethe leqhwa. Izindlovu ezingaseningizimu zizalela emhlabeni, kepha zichitha ubusika emanzini abandayo e-Antarctic eduze neqhwa lase-Antarctic. Izinhlobo zasenyakatho azisuki ngesikhathi sokuzalela. Lapho kuqala isikhathi sokuzalela, izindlovu zesilisa zinquma futhi zivikele insimu, ziba nolaka zibheke komunye nomunye.
Baqoqa abesifazane kusuka kwabangu-40 kuya kwabangu-50 besifazane, abancane kakhulu kunabalingani babo abakhulu. Abesilisa balwa bodwa ukuze bavelele ekugovaneni. Eminye imihlangano igcina ngokubabaza nokuthukuthela ngolaka, kodwa eminye eminingi iba izimpi ezinolaka nezigcwele igazi.
Isikhathi sokuzala siqala ngasekupheleni kukaNovemba. Abesifazane baqala ukufika maphakathi no-December futhi baqhubeke nokufika kuze kube maphakathi noFebhuwari. Ukuzalwa kokuqala kwenzeka cishe ngoKhisimusi, kepha iningi lokuzalwa kuvame ukwenzeka emasontweni amabili okugcina kaJanuwari. Izinsikazi zihlala olwandle isikhathi esingamasonto amahlanu ukusuka esikhathini lapho zifika. Ngokumangazayo, abesilisa basolwandle izinsuku ezingafika ku-100.
Lapho uncelisa ubisi, izinsikazi azidli - bobabili umama nengane baphila ngamandla agcinwe eziseleni ezanele zamafutha akhe. Bobabili abesilisa nabesifazane balahlekelwa cishe i-1/3 yesisindo sabo ngenkathi yokuzala. Abesifazane bazala ikonyana elilodwa ngonyaka ngemuva kokukhulelwa kwezinyanga eziyi-11.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Lapho owesifazana ebeletha, ubisi alumbozayo lunamafutha acishe abe ngu-12%. Emavikini amabili kamuva, le nombolo inyuka yaba ngaphezu kwama-50%, okunikeza uketshezi ukufana okufana nokudonsa. Uma uqhathanisa, ubisi lwenkomo luqukethe amafutha we-3.5% kuphela.
Izitha zemvelo zezimpawu zasendlovu
Isithombe: Seal Elephant
Izimpawu zasendlovu ezinkulu zaseningizimu zinezitha ezimbalwa, phakathi kwazo:
- imikhomo yokubulala engazingela amawundlu nezimpawu ezindala,
- izingwe ezilengwe kwesinye isikhathi ezihlasela amawundlu zibabulale,
- abanye oshaka abakhulu.
Izitha zezimpawu zasendlovu nazo zingabhekwa njengamalungu abantu bazo ngesikhathi sokuzalela. Izindlovu zasolwandle zakha izidumbu lapho iduna elikhulu noma i-alpha lizungezwe yiqembu labesifazane. Ngaphesheya kwensikazi, abesilisa be-beta balinde ngethemba lokuthi bazokwazi ukushada. Basiza iduna le-alpha ukuba ligcine abesilisa abangaphansi kakhulu. Ukulwa phakathi kwamadoda kungaba yindaba yamagazi lapho abesilisa befika ezinyaweni zabo bese bezishaya bona bodwa, bequma ngamazinyo amakhulu enja.
Izindlovu zasolwandle zisebenzisa amazinyo azo ngesikhathi sokulwa ukukhipha intamo yabaphikisi. Amadoda amakhulu angalimala kakhulu ngenxa yokulwa namanye amaduna ngesikhathi sokuzala. Ukulwa phakathi kwabesilisa abakhulu nabaphikisi kungaba yinde, kube namagazi futhi kube nolaka olukhulu, kanti olahlekelayo uvame ukulimala kabi. Kodwa-ke, akuyona yonke impi ephela empini. Kwesinye isikhathi kwanele ngabo ukuthi bakhuphuke imilenze yabo yangemuva, baphonse amakhanda emuva, baziqhenye ngosayizi weempumulo zabo nokusongela okubabayo ukusabisa iningi labaphikisi. Kepha lapho izimpi zenzeka, akuvami ukuba umuntu afe.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Photo: Zinjani uphawu lwendlovu
Zombili lezi zinhlobo zezindlovu zasolwandle zazizingelwa ngamafutha azo, futhi ngekhulu le-19 zacishe zabhujiswa ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, ngaphansi kokuvikelwa okusemthethweni, amanani abo ayakhula kancane kancane, futhi ukusinda kwabo akusekho engozini. Ngeminyaka yama-1880s, bekukholelwa ukuthi izintambo zasendlovu ezisenyakatho zaphela, njengoba omnkantsha abasogwini bazingela zombili lezi zilwane ukuthola amanoni abo angaphansi kwesidoda. Iqembu elincane lezimpawu zezindlovu ezi-20-100 ezaphakanyiswa esiQhingini saseGuadalupe, eduzane naseBaja California, zasinda emiphumeleni emibi yokuzingela izigaxa.
Kuvikelwe okokuqala yiMexico bese kuthi yi-United States, bahlala bekhulisa inani labo. Kuvikelwe iMarine Mammal Protection Act yango-1972, bandisa amabanga abo ukusuka eziqhingini ezikude futhi njengamanje bathoma amakoloni emigwaqo emikhulu, njengePiedras Blancas, eningizimu yeBig Sur, eduze neSan Simon. Isibalo sonke sabantu ababekwa uphawu kwezimpawu zasendlovu ngonyaka we-1999 sasicishe sibe ngama-150,000.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Izindlovu zasolwandle ziyizilwane zasendle futhi akufanele zisondele. Akulindelekile futhi kungadala ukulimala okukhulu kubantu, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuzala. Ukungenela komuntu kungaphoqa izimpawu zamanzi ukusebenzisa amandla ayigugu adingekayo ukuze usinde. Amacube angahlukaniswa nonina, okuvame ukuholela ekufeni kwabo. AbeNational Marine Fisheries Service, inhlangano ebumbene ephoqelela ukuphoqelelwa kweMarine Mammal Protection Act, itusa ukubuka okuphephile kwamamitha ayi-15 kuye kwangama-30.
Indlovu - isilwane esimangalisayo. Mikhulu futhi inenhlabathi emhlabathini, kepha ihamba kahle emanzini: angakwazi ukungena ekujuleni kwamakhilomitha ama-2 bese ebamba ngaphansi kwamanzi isikhathi esingamahora amabili. Izindlovu zasolwandle zihamba olwandle futhi zibhukuda amabanga amade ziyofuna ukudla. Balwela indawo elangeni, kepha kuphela yiziqhwaga ezifinyelela umgomo wazo.
Incazelo nezici zendlovu
Indlovu nakancane ayihlangene nendlovu yomhlaba. Ukufana kwabo kuphela kulwandle, ekugcineni kwesifumbu, inqubo eminyene engamasentimitha amathathu ilenga phansi, okuthiwa ifana nesiqu sendlovu.
Isilwane esingelakho emndenini wezimpawu ezomile. Yize abanye bexhuma isayensi, izazi zezilwane, sekuyisikhathi eside beyiphikisa le mbono. Futhi bathi ukhokho wabo okude, ngokuxakile ngokwanele, yimbimbi nembumbulu. Izindlovu zasolwandle zikhulu ngosayizi, yize ziyizilwane ezincelisayo, zingabazingeli.
Bahlala enyakatho yezwekazi laseMelika nase-Antarctic Territory. In I-Antarctica indlovu uphawu wafihlwa abazingeli. Izakhamizi zasolwandle olusebusika nolungaphansi kolwandle.
Abamele laba, abaseNyakatho kanye Izimpawu zasendlovu zaseningizimu, ukubukeka okuningi okufanayo. Izimpawu zasendlovu ezisenyakatho sikhulu kancane ngosayizi kunezihlobo zabo eziseningizimu. Ekhaleni labo, ngokungafani nezindlovu zaseningizimu, mncane futhi mude.
Emndenini wezimpawu, uphawu lwendlovu ngummeleli wazo omkhulu kunabo bonke. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ubukhulu bayo buyamangalisa. Abesilisa uphawu lwezindlovuisisindo kufinyelela kumathani amane asenyakatho, naseningizimu yamathani amathathu. Zingamamitha amahlanu, ubude ayisithupha.
Izinsikazi zazo zibukeka njengamasentimitha amancane abuthakathaka, ngokumelene nesizinda samadoda abo. Ngokwesisindo azifiki ngisho nethani. Ngaphakathi kwamakhulu ayisishiyagalolunye namakhulu ayisishiyagalolunye amakhilogremu. Well, futhi ngokufanelekile isigamu ubude, amamitha amabili nesigamu kuphela, amamitha amathathu.
Ngisho nabesilisa nabesifazane bahlukile ngombala woboya. Kwabesilisa, unombala wegundane. Futhi izintokazi zigqoke imibala emnyama, njengaleyo yasemhlabeni. Ijazi labo loboya kakhulu liqukethe i-villi emfishane, eminyene futhi enzima.
Kepha kusuka kude, kubukeka kahle kakhulu. Njengeziqhwaga ezinkulu ezinamaphayiphu zihamba kolwandle olujulile. Okungeke kushiwo mayelana nesikhathi sokuncibilikisa. Isigamu sobusika, lesi silwanyana sisosebeni.
Isikhumba saso simboziwe ngamaliga, futhi izingqimba zazo zonke zehla kuso. Ngesikhathi sakho konke olwandleizindlovu ungadli lutho, uphumula ekuhluphekeni ngamatshe amatshe asogwini. Njengoba inqubo le ibuhlungu futhi imbi kabi.
Isilwane silahlekelwa isisindo futhi sibuthakathaka. Kepha ukushintsha ingubo, ibukeka kanjani indlovu yasolwandle umbono owodwa ngamehlo abuhlungu. Ngawo onke amandla ami, sesivele siphelile izimpunga zendlovu empunga shesha ulwandle ukubuyisela amandla nokubuyisa isisu.
Izilwane ezincelisayo ezingamaduna zihluke kakhulu kwabesifazane bazo lapho kukhona lesi sibumbu. Izithombe zezimpawu zasendlovu khombisa ukuthi ilenga emaphethelweni esiqalo, ukumboza umlomo.
Siqukethe izindunduma ezinkulu, njengokungathi zigaya amatshe cobble lapho. Abantu besifazane abanayo nhlobo. Banobuso obumnandi obuncane, njengamathoyizi amakhulu we-plush. Ekhaleni kukhona izinyamazane ezincane ezilukhuni, nezizwela phezulu.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ngezimpawu zasendlovu wukuthi ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, isiqu sesidoda siyavuvukala. Igazi ligobhozela kulo, izicubu ziqala ukungena kwisivumelwano, futhi kusukela kwinqubo yamasenti angamashumi amathathu, isigamu samamitha nokuningi, kuvela okuthile.
Ikhanda lalezi zilwanyana lincane ngosayizi, ligeleza kahle emzimbeni. Kuyo kunamehlo amancane omnqumo amnyama. Isikhumba esisezintanjeni zezimpawu zasendlovu sinamandla futhi siqinile. Ivikela isilwane ekulimaleni ngesikhathi sokudunwa kwezidumbu.
Imizimba yabo emikhulu igcina ngomsila omkhulu, obekelwe inhlanzi. Futhi ngaphambili, esikhundleni semilenze, amabili amahle ngezinsimbi ezinkulu.
Indlela yokuphila yasendlovu yasolwandle nendawo yokuhlala
Ngakho zihlala kuphi izigaxa zendlovu? Izikhonkwane zaseNyakatho, izakhamuzi ezingapheli zamanzi aseCalifornia nawaseMexico. Noma kunjalo, eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, base besondele ekuqothulweni.
Isibalo sabantu babo besingaphezu kwekhulu lezilwane. Babulawa ngesihluku ngokugwazwa ngemikhonto, ngenxa yamafutha ezilwane abalulekile. Ezindlovu, busebenza njengengqimba evikela amasentimitha ayishumi nanhlanu kusuka emanzini eqhwa.
Endaweni efanayo lapho babhujiswa khona, la mafutha ancibilika. Inani layo lafinyelela ezigidini zamakhilogremu, lokhu kungukuthi izinkulungwane zabantu kwakudingeka zibhujiswe. Kuze kube manje, ngikhumbula izikhathi ezibandayo, odongeni olumbozwe nge-algae, imidwebo yezinyoni nezitsha zokugqwala.
Izishoshovu zalwa kanzima ukuze zisindise inani labantu bazo. Lokhu akulona iqiniso ngezinkomo zasolwandle eziye zanyamalala ngenxa yokuzingela. Futhi kakade emashumini angama-50, ngeledlule leminyaka, bazalela abantu abayizinkulungwane eziyishumi nanhlanu.
Izilwane ezincelisayo eziseningizimu, nazo zahlangabezana nesiphetho esifanayo, kwadingeka zibaleke, zihlala eziqhingini ezinzima zaseNingizimu Georgia, iMarion. Ngakho-ke eMacquarie naseHeard Island kukhona umbhangqwana wezilwane ezihamba ngezilwane.
Isibalo sabantu endaweni eyodwa yokuhlunga sifinyelela amashumi ezinkulungwane. Amaphenathi ase-Argentina enziwe izindawo zokonga, futhi sekuyiminyaka engamashumi amahlanu manje, konke ukuzingela kwezilwane sekuvinjelwe.
Futhi, kakade, kumashumi ayisithupha, izazi zezinto eziphilayo zaqala ukutadisha uphawu lwezindlovu. Naphezu kwemingcele yazo emikhulu, lezi zilwane zizizwa zimnandi emanzini. Babhukuda kahle, bafinyelela isivinini samakhilomitha angamashumi amabili ngehora.
Futhi bahluke kangakanani. Yize kunjalo, indlovu, eyokuqala ngemuva kwemikhomo, izokwazi ukudonsa inyamazane iye ekujuleni kwamakhilomitha amabili. Ukungena, ukuphuma kwamakhala akhe.
Futhi, lokhu kwaziwa kuphela ngezimpawu zasendlovu, balawula ukugeleza kwegazi labo. Ukungena kujule, igazi liqala ukugelezela kuphela enhliziyweni nasengqondweni, ngaphandle kokulimala isilwane.
Okungeke kushiwo ngesikhathi esichithwa emhlabeni. Ngokubona kwami, lokhu kuyisihlola sonke sezilwane ezincelisayo. Njengoba ewele ogwini, akahambi neze endaweni ayidingayo. Ubude besinyathelo sakhe, okungaphezulu kwamasentimitha amathathu.
Ngakho-ke, lapho ibhekane nezindaba zayo ogwini, indlovu iyakhathala ngokushesha okukhulu. Futhi into yokuqala efika engqondweni yakhe ukulala kahle ebusuku. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulala kwabo kunamandla kakhulu, futhi ukuswakama kukhulu kakhulu kangangokuba ososayensi bakwazile ukuphatha kaninginingi, ngaphandle kokwesaba izimpilo zabo, ukubala imvamisa yokuphefumula kwabo, balalele ukushaya kwabo bese uthatha inhliziyo yenhliziyo.
Banenye ikhono elihlukile. Kuyamangaza ukuthi izindlovu zilala ngaphansi kwamanzi. Ukungena shí emanzini, amathumbu abo asondele. Futhi imizuzu eyishumi nanhlanu kuya kwengamashumi amabili isilwane silele ngokuzolile.
Lapho-ke amaphaphu enwebeka, umzimba ukhuphuka njengebhaluni, bese izikhonkwane zintanta ebusweni. Amakhala awavulekile, imizuzu emihlanu isilwane siyaphefumula, bese siphinda singena ekujuleni. Unjalo ulala kanjani.
Ukudla kwendlovu
Njengoba uphawu lwendlovu luyisilwane esidla inyama. Lokho nokudla kwawo okuyinhloko kunenhlanzi. Futhi squid, crayfish kanye crabs. Umuntu omdala, ngosuku, angadla uhhafu wezinhlanzi. Ukunambitha, zinenyama eshaka kakhudlwana nenyama egwazayo.
Kaningi, amatshe amatshe atholakala esiswini sezindlovu zasolwandle. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi kuyadingeka nge-ballast, lapho indlovu ingena emanzini. Abanye, kunalokho, baphakamisa ukuthi amatshe afaka isandla ekugayeni, agwinywe ngokuphelele yi-crustaceans.
Kepha lapho izilwane ziqala isizini yazo yokuzalwa, ukuncibilika, izindlovu azidli lutho izinyanga, zitholakala kuphela emafutheni omafutha abawakhile ngesikhathi sokukhuluphala.
Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside
Masinyane ngemuva kokuncibilika, isikhathi sothando sifika empilweni yezindlovu. Kusukela phakathi nobusika kuya maphakathi nentwasahlobo, izindlovu zihlela ukulwa, bese zizala bese zibeka izinyawo ezizayo ezinyaweni zazo.
Konke kuqala ngokukhamba kwezindlovu kuya ogwini. Owesifazane, ekhulelwe, kusukela ngonyaka owedlule. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ngalesi sikhathi banezinyanga eziyishumi nanye. Izindlovu ezingamaduna azihlangene ngalutho nokukhulisa inzalo.
Lapho esethole indawo ethule, engenakuphikiswa, umama ubeletha iwundlu elilodwa kuphela. Uzalelwe ekukhanyeni ngamamitha-amade, futhi enesisindo esingama-kilogramu angamashumi amane. Inyanga yonke, umama wendlovu udla ingane nobisi lwayo kuphela.
Iphakathi kwabamele laba bantu, ikhalori ephezulu kakhulu. Okuqukethwe okunamafutha ngamaphesenti angamashumi amahlanu. Ingane ngesikhathi sokudla, ukuthola isisindo esihle. Ngemuva kwalokho, umama ushiya ingane yakhe unomphela.
Kwakhiwa ungqimba owenele wamafutha angaphansi kwinzalo ukuze ngenyanga elandelayo yokuzibandakanya, yokuphila kwayo, bakwazi ukusinda. Ezinyangeni ezintathu zeminyaka, izingane zishiya i-rookery zingene emanzini avulekile.
Lapho nje intokazi isuka enganeni yayo, isikhathi sokulwelana ngaphandle kwemithetho siqala. Izindlovu ezinkulu kakhulu nezindala azihleleli ukulwa ngokuphila kepha ngokufa, ilungelo lokuba yisibaluli sezinduna zazo.
Izindlovu zibhonga phezulu zilandelana, zifaka iziqu zazo bese zizishisela, ngethemba lokuthi lokhu kuzokwesabisa umphikisi. Ngemuva kwalokho kudlala amazinyo anamandla, abukhali. Onqobayo aqoqa izintokazi eduze kwakhe. Abanye banezinsikazi kanti abanye bangamakhulu amathathu besifazane.
Futhi isisulu, futhi sonke esilimele, siya emaphethelweni we-rookery. Usamthola umlingani womuntu womshado, engenalo igunya lowesilisa ophikisayo. Kuyadabukisa, kepha ngesikhathi sokulwa okunje, kaningi izingane ezincane ziyahlupheka futhi zife, azibonwa nje empini, zinyathelwa ngabantu abadala.
Lapho eseqoqe abesifazane bakhe, umholi ukhetha intshiseko yakhe, ngokufaka i-flipper yakhe yangaphambili emhlane. Ngakho-ke ukhombisa ukuphakama ngaphezu kwakhe. Futhi uma intokazi ingakulungele ukuhlangana, owesilisa akanandaba nalesi simo. Ugibela wonke amathani akhe emhlane wakhe. Ukuphikisa akusizi ngalutho lapha.
Isikhathi sokuvuthwa ngokobulili siqala, esizukulwaneni esincane, ngeminyaka emine kwabesilisa. Abesifazane, kusukela eminyakeni emibili, bakulungele ukuzala. Iminyaka eyishumi, izindlovu zesifazane zezindlovu zasolwandle zingazala izingane. Lapho-ke ziyaguga. Izindlovu zasolwandle zifa zineminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu, engamashumi amabili.
Naphezu kobukhulu bayo obuhlaba umxhwele, izinja zasendlovu nazo ziba inyamazane yemikhomo yokubulala. Izingwe zezingwe zolwandle zisazintengantenga izingane. Kepha izitha ezesabeka kakhulu, amakhulu amaningi eminyaka, noma ngabe kuzwakala kusabisa kangakanani, singabantu.
Ukusatshalaliswa
Imikhakha emikhulu yophawu lwendlovu oluseningizimu itholakala kulezi ziqhingi neziqhingi ezilandelayo: ISouth Georgia, iKerguelen, iHurd, neMacquarie. Ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokukhwelana, umuntu ngamunye angatholakala ezigodini zaseNingizimu Afrika, Australia, New Zealand, Patagonia nase-Antarctica. Lezi zilwane zingakwazi ukuhlanganisa amabanga olwandle afinyelela kumakhilomitha angama-4 800.
Isigaxa sendlovu yasenyakatho sasikade sisatshalaliswa ogwini olusentshonalanga yeNyakatho Melika sisuka e-Alaska saya eBaja California. Nokho, ngekhulu le-19, ukuqothulwa kweziningi kwalezi zilwane kwaqala ngenxa yokugcabha. Unyaka nonyaka, izinkulungwane zezimpawu zasendlovu zaba izisulu zabazingeli futhi ngokushesha lolu hlobo lwenhlanzi lwalusubhekwa njengoluphele. I-colony eyodwa kuphela, enabantu abangaphansi kwekhulu, eyasinda esiqhingini saseMexico iGuadalupe. Ngemuva kokutholakala kwayo, izintambo zasendlovu zasenyakatho zithathwe ngaphansi kokuvikelwa.
Ngeminyaka yama-1930s, kwavalwa izindikimba zendlovu ukuze zizwane emhlabeni iziQhingi zaseCalifornia Channel. Njengamanje, izindikimba zasendlovu ezisenyakatho zitholakala eziqhingini eziningi ezisogwini olusentshonalanga yezwekazi. Enyakatho, amabanga abo afinyelela eziqhingini zaseFarallon, nangaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalela aze afike eVancouver Island.
Isibalo sabantu sikhuphuka ngamaphesenti ayi-15 njalo ngonyaka, futhi namhlanje le nhlobo ayisabekwa njengengozi enkulu. Kodwa-ke, iqiniso lokuthi ubuningi bezimpawu zasendlovu ezisenyakatho zadlula “ngebhodlela” elincanyana kwaholela ekwehlukanisweni okuphansi kakhulu kofuzo kwabantu abaphilayo, okungaba yinkinga enkulu ngaphansi kokushintsha kwezimo zemvelo.
Indlovu uphawu
Indlovu uphawu (I-Mirounga angustirostris) luhlobo lwezipinki ezivela emndenini Wezimpawu Zangempela. Ubukhulu bophawu lwendlovu yasenyakatho lufika kumamitha ayi-6, kuthi owesimame - ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-3. Igama lalesi silwane sasolwandle sanikezwa ubukhulu baso nekhala, okwakwazi ukuvuvukala sabe sifana nesiqu esigoqiwe.
Abesilisa bahluke kakhulu kwabesifazane - bacishe bakhulu ngokuphindwe kabili, ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokuzala bavame ukufaka impumulo yabo ukuze ibonakale inkulu.
Lesi siphini esikhulu esikhulu esiveziwe - uphawu lwendlovu yasenyakatho - sitholakala ogwini lwePacific lwaseMelika sisuka e-Alaska siye e-Hudson Bay.
Izindlovu zasenyakatho eziswini zidla oshaka abancane, izinhlanzi kanye nama-squid. Izindlovu zasolwandle ziyavela ngoDisemba nangoJanuwari ukuze izinsikazi zikwazi ukuzala. Abesilisa bangabokuqala ukuya olwandle bavikele insimu yabantwababo. Izindlovu zasolwandle ogwini zakha amakoloni aminyene. Ekulondolozeni kwezimpawu zasendlovu kuhlala kuneyinkulungwane eyodwa. Imbozwe ngoboya obumnyama futhi ihlala ogwini cishe izinyanga ezinhlanu.
Izindlovu zaseningizimu
Indawo yaseningizimu yophawu (Mirounga leonina) iyona hlobo lwentaka olukhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Isiqu sophawu lwendlovu oluseningizimu sisifushane kakhulu kunaleso esivela enyakatho: ubude baso bube ngamasentimitha ayi-10. Lekhala elikhulu nelikhulisiwe alikho kubantu besifazane nasezinsaneni. Ngemuva kokukhula okungapheli, isiqu sifinyelela usayizi ogcwele ngonyaka wesishiyagalombili wokuphila bese silenga phezu komlomo ngamakhala phansi. Ngenkathi yokuzalela, lesi sicubu sivele sivuyelwe ngamandla ngenxa yokujaha kwegazi okusheshayo. Kwenzeka ukuthi ngesikhathi sokulwa, abahlaseli besilisa abanolaka ngokwengeziwe badabula iziqu zabo kubabule. Umehluko osayizi phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane ubalulekile. Iduna lingafinyelela osayizi okufika kumamitha ayisithupha nesigamu, kuthi owesimame abe amamitha amathathu nesigamu kuphela. Isisindo sowesilisa sifinyelela kumathani amathathu nengxenye, insikazi inesisindo esingama-900 kg.
Inyamazane yezindlovu zasolwandle izinhlanzi nama-cephalopods. Izindlovu zasolwandle ziyakwazi ukudonsa inyamazane zize zijule kumamitha ayi-1400. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yesisindo sazo esikhulu kanye nenani elikhulu legazi elingagcina umoya-mpilo omningi. Njengemikhomo, ukusebenza kwezitho zangaphakathi zezimpawu zasendlovu lapho kugobhoza ekujuleni kwehle, okunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-oxygen. Izitha zemvelo zezindlovu zasolwandle kukhona oshaka abamhlophe nemikhomo yokubulala, ezizingela ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zamanzi.
Zibukeka kanjani izimpawu zasendlovu zasenyakatho?
Izinhlobo zasenyakatho zincanyana kancane kunalena yaseningizimu: ubude bomzimba wesilisa bungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-5, izintokazi - amamitha amathathu. Abesilisa banesisindo esingu-1800-2700 kg, abesifazane - 350-900 kg. Ama-fangs makhulu kakhulu, amazinyo esihlathini akhululeka, kepha kwesinye isikhathi anama-protrusion nezimpande eziphindwe kabili.
Umbala walolu hlobo uluhlaza grey, buffy or brown; abesilisa bavame ukuba mnyama kakhulu kunabesifazane. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zimbozwe ngoboya obumnyama, okuthi lapho bufika emavikini amathathu buthathelwe indawo ngumbala onsundu noma isiliva.
Ngokukhula kweminyaka, abesilisa bophawu lwendlovu olusenyakatho, njengabalingani babo abangaseningizimu, baba nemisipha futhi baklweze entanyeni, lapho isikhumba sikhulu khona, futhi ekhaleni bakha isiqu abangasifaka.
Izimpawu Zendlovu, Ukufuduka
Izimpawu zasendlovu ezingaseningizimu zivamile emanzini angaphansi nasemajukujukwini. Empeleni izilwane azingene neze e-Antarctica. Imikhakha yokuzalela yaqoshwa eduze naseArgentina (iPunta Norte, iTerra del Fiego), eziqhingini zaseNingizimu Georgia, Falkland, Gough, Marion, Crozet, Kerguelen, Hurd, Campbell, kanye naseNingizimu Shetland naseNingizimu Orkney. Amaqembu ezilwane ahlukile, angazalwanga, aqalwa eziqhingini zaseSaint-Paul nase-Amsterdam, eTristan da Cunha nasendaweni eseWestfall Hills (izwekazi lase-Antarctic).
Ukuhlangana okuhlukile kwaphawulwa e-pack ice ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene ze-Antarctic. Kwesinye isikhathi izilwane ziya ngasogwini lwase-Australia, New Zealand, Tasmania naseNingizimu Afrika. Imihlangano yasenyakatho kakhulu yalezi zivalo yatholakala esifundeni saseRodriguez ngisho naseFr. ISt. Helena.
Izindlovu zasolwandle zithutha njalo ngonyaka, zifika ezindaweni zasehlobo zama-rookeries asogwini ukuzalanisa nokuncibilikisa, bese ebusika ziye emanzini asenyakatho angaphezulu.
Amakoloni endlovu asenyakatho atholakala eCalifornia eziqhingini zaseSanta Barbara, eSan Nicholas, eSan Miguel, eSanta Rosa, e-Ano Nuevo naseNingizimu-mpumalanga yeFalalons, kanye nasendaweni ephakeme e-Ano Nuevo Point nasePoyes Reyes. Kukhona futhi amakoloni eMexico eziqhingini zaseGuadalupe, San Benito naseZedros. Kuzalwa amawundlu amaningana eziqhingini zaseNatividad, San Martin, Coronado naseSan Clemente.
Ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalanisa, izinsikazi zisatshalaliswa ogwini lwase-Oregon naseWashington, kuthi abesilisa abadala bathuthele enyakatho, baye eGulf of Alaska naseziqithini ze-Aleutian.
Izimpawu zasendlovu zasendulo ezindala ziya olwandle kabili ngonyaka, zisebenzisa izinyanga ezingaba ngu-8 zizonke. Ngalesi sikhathi, bahamba kakhulu kulo lonke elaseNyakatho Pacific.
Ubuchwepheshe obusha bokulandela umkhondo buye babonisa ukuthi abantu balolu hlobo babuyela ezindaweni ezifanayo zokondla ngemuva kokuzalela nokuncibilika - isibonelo sokuqala sokufuduka kabili ezilwaneni. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka zombili, izilwane zehlela ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-250-550, futhi ngezinsuku ezingama-250 ezichithwa ngabesilisa olwandle, zamboza ibanga okungenani lama-21 000 km. Phakathi kwezilwane ezincelisayo, lokhu kufuduka okude kakhulu konyaka kuqoshwa umuntu ngamunye. Ukufuduka kabili kuyadingeka ngoba izindlovu zidinga ukubuyela ogwini kabili ngonyaka - ukuzalanisa nokuncibilikisa. Kodwa ukuthi kungani bekhetha ukuphatha kabi iziqhingi zeCalifornia Strait, futhi hhayi iziqhingi ezithile noma amabhishi ezwekazi, eduze kwezindawo abazondlayo, akwaziwa.
Ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi olwandle, izimpawu zokulala emanzini kufanele zilale emanzini. Izindlovu zaseNyakatho ngesikhathi sokulala zingahlala ngaphansi kwamanzi imizuzu engama-25 futhi zivuke ziye phezulu ukuphefumula ngaphandle kokuvuka ngokuphelele.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
- Amandla amangalisayo ezimpawu zasendlovu ukulala ngaphansi kwamanzi. Kepha izilwane zikwazi kanjani ukuphefumula ngalesi sikhathi? Ngemuva kwakho konke, banamaphaphu, hhayi gill. Ososayensi bakwazile ukuthola imfihlo yephupho elinjalo elingaphansi kwamanzi. Ngemuva kokuhlala imizuzu eyisihlanu noma eyishumi ngaphansi kwamanzi, isifuba sesilwane siyanda, kuyilapho amakhala ahlala evaliwe ngokuqinile. Ukusuka kulokhu, ubukhulu bomzimba buyancipha, bese uyavela. Phezu kwamanzi, amathumbu avuleka, futhi imizuzu emithathu isilwane siphefumula umoya. Ngemuva kwalokho iphinda icwila ibheke phansi. Amehlo ahlala evaliwe sonke lesi sikhathi: kusobala ukuthi indlovu ilele.
- Amatshe ajwayele ukutholakala esiswini sendlovu. Izakhamizi zezindawo lapho lezi zilwane zihlala khona, zikholelwa ukuthi amatshe asebenza njenge-ballast ngesikhathi sokuntywiliselwa izindlovu ngaphansi kwamanzi. Kukhona ezinye izincazelo. Isibonelo, amatshe esiswini angasiza ekugayeni ukudla - izinhlanzi ezigwinyiwe ngokuphelele kanye nama-crustaceans.
- Phakathi kwabesilisa, amaqembu amane angahlukaniswa ngokusobala. Eyokuqala - "eyeve eshumini elinambili" - ifaka izilwane ezineminyaka yobudala eyodwa kuya kwayisithupha, osayizi bazo azidluli amamitha amathathu. Bavela ekuzungezeni ubusika, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kwezivunguvungu, ngenhloso ecacile yokuthatha ikhefu lokubhukuda. Ukuhlikihla lezi zilwane kuqala - ngoDisemba (ekuqaleni kwehlobo eliseningizimu ye-hemisphere), khona-ke zonke ezinye izilwane ziyavela ngokulandelana kobudala: obudala obudala, obalandela.Iqembu lesibili, noma elithi “ubusha”, lenziwa yizilwane ezineminyaka eyisithupha kuya kweyishumi nantathu, osayizi bazo zisuka kumathathu kuya kwamane nesiqingatha samamitha. Bafika olwandle ekwindla, ngemuva nje kokuba amathole evele kubantu besifazane, kodwa-ke, abahlangani nabesilisa abadala, babhukude ngaphambi kokuqala kokukhula (ngemuva kokulunyulwa). Iqembu elilandela iminyaka elandelayo yilaba okuthiwa bangabafakizicelo. Amadoda anjalo, aqala ngosayizi ukusuka kumamitha amane nesigamu kuya kumamitha ayisithupha, onesidina sokuziqhenya ngokuziqhenya, asesimweni sokucasuka okukhulu futhi akhuphuke alwe nabanikazi bezindawo ezisokolayo - abanikazi be "harems" - abesilisa abadala abanamandla, bezama ukuphinda bathathe ingxenye yabesifazane kubo. Lezi zinsikazi ezindala ezinolwazi zakha iqembu lesine leminyaka.
- Ukuqashelwa kukhombisa ukuthi owesilisa ofanayo futhi oqinile ubusa “i-harem” kuyo yonke inkathi yokuzalanisa, futhi abesilisa abancane nababuthakathaka bavame ukunikela umphikisi obadlula bona ngamandla. Yize abesilisa bavame ukulwa emanzini, hhayi kude nolwandle, ukwethuka nakho kuqala ebhishi ngalesi sikhathi - izintokazi ezikhathazekile ziyakhala, amawundlu azama ukubaleka. Ngakho-ke, kusuka "kuma-harems", lapho evame ukuphazamiseka kakhulu, izintokazi zizama ukuhambisa "ezinhlafunweni" ezipholile.
- Ukulwa kwabesilisa kungumbono omuhle. Abaphikisi, njengoba sebeshayane bodwa, bavuka “emilenzeni yabo yangemuva”, bekhuphuka ngamamitha amane ngaphezu kwamanzi angajulile, bese bebamba kule ndawo imizuzu eminingana, befana nezithombe zamatshe zezilo. Izilwane zikhipha ukubhonga okubuthakathaka, iziqu zazo zivuvukala ngokubabazekayo, zinisela isitha ngomshini wokufafaza. Ngemuva kokusebenza okunjalo, umphikisi obuthakathaka uvame ukuphindisela emuva, eqhubeka nokubhonga ngokudabukisa, abuyele ebangeni elivikelekile, aqale phansi. Owinile ukhala ngokuziqhenya, futhi, ngemuva kokuphonsa ngamanga amaningana ngemuva kombaleki, uthulisa umoya bese ubuyela olwandle.
- Akukhathalekile ukuthi le mpi ibukeka isabisa kangakanani, ezimweni eziningi ayifiki ekuchithekeni kwegazi okunzima. Imvamisa, konke kukhawulelwe ekusatshazaneni, ukubhonga okuthusayo nokuhogela. Inchazelo yemvelo yalokhu kuziphatha iyaqondakala: kuyaqanjwa okuqine kakhulu, ozokucabanga ngemisebenzi yomkhiqizi ngesikhathi sokukhwelana kanti, njengomphumeleli wohlobo, uzodlulisela enzalweni izimfanelo zakhe ezinhle. Ngasikhathi sinye, insizwa ebuthakathaka ayifanga enkundleni yempi futhi ngaleyo ndlela ayiyeki inqubo eqhubekayo yokuzalwa kabusha kwezinhlobo.
- Ngokuphathelene nomuntu, abesilisa abade njalo abakhombisi ukuba nolaka. Futhi hhayi zona, kepha izinsikazi zingahle zibe yizo eziyingozi kakhulu kumcwaningi owavumela ukungena ekungeneni komhlambi. Isibonelo, uJohn Warham, kwadingeka ukuthi azi amazinyo abo abukhali izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa futhi abaleke ngamahloni, eshiya ucezwana oluhle lomlenze wakhe webhulukwe endlovu yolwandle ethukuthele.
- Njengoba selizelwe, leli khanda likhipha ukukhonkotha okufishane nenja, umama aliphendule ngendlela efanayo, ayihlwithe, futhi ngenxa yalokho alikhumbule. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izomhlukanisa ngokungathandabuzi kwamanye amazinyane amaningi futhi izokwazi ukubuya uma izama ukubaleka.
- Kuyafuneka ukuthi usho enye yezimo ezimangalisa kakhulu zesitho sezilwane nezimo zokuphila: ukukhula kwesibeletho esibelethweni sowesifazane kumiswa ngesikhathi sokuncibilika, kanti umbungu “ungagcinwa” sonke isikhathi esingesihle sempilo yesilwane. (Kwenzeka into efanayo nakwezinye izilwane - ama-pinnipeds amaningi, kanjalo naku-sable, unogwaja, i-kangaroo, njll.) Ukuthuthukiswa kombungu kuqhubeka kuphela ngoMashi, lapho ukuqeda kwezinsikazi sekuvele kuqediwe.
- Umbono wendlovu echithayo udabukisa kakhulu: isikhumba esidala silenganyele kuso ngezinti eziklebhu. Okokuqala uphuma emshunwini, bese kusuka emzimbeni wonke. Ngasikhathi sinye, abantu abampofu bazikhahlela ngamafliphu ezinhlangothini nasiswini sabo, bezama ukusheshisa le nqubo, okuyinto kusobala ukuthi ayimnandi kubo. Izilwane ezihlanza imvamisa zitholakala endaweni ethile yokubhukuda enamabala, hhayi kude nolwandle, futhi, ziphonsa futhi zijika, zivusa umhlabathi oxegayo, ziwenze ube umdaka ongcolile. Bacwiliswa kuyo kanye nasemakhaleni. Iphunga elizungezile liyesabeka ngalesi sikhathi.
Izici zokuphila
Izindlovu zasolwandle ziyizilwane zesithembu futhi zakha ama-harems ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwezinyawo zasogwini. Ekupheleni kuka-Agasti, izinsikazi ezikhulelwe ziza eziqhingini zihlangane ngamaqembu. Ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba, kuqhamuka abesilisa, kuthi lapho kuphela inyanga kuqalwe ukwakhiwa kwabesifazane. Esiqiwini esikhulu kunazo zonke, kowesilisa ngamunye, kukhona abesifazane ababalelwa ku-100 noma ngaphezulu. Ngenkathi kwakhiwa ama-harems, izimpi ezinolaka zenzeka phakathi kwabesilisa, ngenxa yalokho izilwane ezivuthiwe, kepha ezibuthakathaka zihlala zingenazo izinsikazi futhi, kanye namanye ama-bachelor, zitholakala emaphethelweni endawo ye-harem.
Abesilisa abawu-9 kwabayi-10 abaze babe nethuba lokuqhubeka nemindeni yabo - kungaba ukuthi abaphili isikhathi sokuthomba, noma ngoba balahlekelwe lapho belwa nabesilisa abakhulu abahlukumeza abesifazane. Kokunye ukuhlola okwenziwa kwabesilisa abangu-138 okwalandelelwa impilo yabo yonke, abayi-126 kazange bahlukane, kwathi abayisi-8 abakhulu kakhulu bavundisa abesifazane abangama-348.
Indlela yokuthandana kwezimpawu zasendlovu imfushane futhi inolaka. Ngaphandle kokuxwayisa, owesilisa usondela kowesimame ukusuka ohlangothini, ubeka isichazayo ngaphambili, alume intamo, azidonsele kuye futhi afune ukushada naye. Uma intokazi ikhombisa ukukhwela noma izama ukubaleka, njengoba kwenzeka kaningi, owesilisa uyamcindezela phansi ngomzimba wakhe wonke bese eluma kakhulu. Imiphumela yokungezwani okunjalo ngocansi ivame ukuvela kabi kowesifazane. Ukuncika kowesifazane okhulelwe, owesilisa angamlimaza emzimbeni, futhi ngenxa yokuhambisana nowesifazane osancelayo, umama newundlu kuvame ukwahlukana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokuxabana kwabo, kwesinye isikhathi abesilisa bangachoboza ikonyana eliqhamuka ngendlela yabo: kuze kube yi-10% yazo zonke imidlwane ziyafa.
Iningi labesifazane lizala ngo-Okthoba. Imvamisa kuzalwa amawundlu ayi-1. Ukuncelisa ubisi kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-20-30. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinsikazi zehlisa isisindo kakhulu, futhi amawundlu asheshe andise isisindo sawo ngenxa yokudla okuningana futhi okuningana kobisi olunamafutha. Inzuzo yansuku zonke emidlwane ingafinyelela ku-6 kg! Ngemuva kokondla ngakunye, amawundlu aqoqwa ngamaqembu akhiwe kude ne-harem. Amaqembu anjengalawa agcinwa amasonto amane, bese abantu abasha besondela emaphethelweni amanzi. Eminyakeni yezinsuku eziyi-10-15, amawundlu aqala ukuncibilika, futhi ngaphambi kokungena emanzini, eneminyaka engu-30 kuya ku-30, ushintsho lwezinwele zezinsana luphela ngokuphelele.
Izinsikazi zezimpawu zasendlovu eziseningizimu kufanele zibe nesisindo okungenani esingama-300 kg ukuzala ithole lokuqala, kepha izinsikazi ezincane (kuze kufike kuma-380 kg) akuvamile ukuba zithwale ithole leduna. Mhlawumbe lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abesilisa ngokuzalwa bango-14% ubunzima kunabesifazane, okungalimaza ukuzala okuthe xaxa.
Izinsikazi ezindala ziqala ukushada ezinsukwini eziyishumi nanhlanu emva kokuzalwa kwezingane, kuthi ngemuva kokuphela kwaleso sikhathi ziqhubeke nokwondla amawundlu. Kancane kancane, abesilisa bashiya izintokazi futhi vele ngoNovemba baphelelwa ngumdla kuzo, bachitha isikhathi esiningi emanzini, lapho bezondla kakhulu. Kuqhekeka izindondo, emva kwalokho izilwane ezindala zichitha isikhathi esithile olwandle, bese ziphinda zibuyele ezingubeni ezisolwandle ukuze zincibilikiswe.
Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, ukuwa kwezihlambi zamanzi zasolwandle kanye nokwakheka kwamagama asezingeni elithile kungaqhubeka phakathi kukaDisemba -Febhuwari. Ngokwesilinganiso, isikhathi sesikhathi sezilimi ziyizinsuku ezingama-30 kuya kwengama-40, kepha eminyakeni ezahlukahlukene kanye nasemaqenjini ezocansi ezilwane, isikhathi sezinguquko ze-hairline singashintsha. Ekupheleni kokuncibilikisa, izilwane eziningi zishiya i-rookery futhi zifudukela olwandle. Lapha badla kakhulu futhi akuvamile ukuthi baye olwandle.
Izindlovu ezingaseningizimu zidla ikakhulukazi kuma-cephalopods, kwesinye isikhathi izinhlanzi. Ukudla kwezinhlobo zasenyakatho kwehluke kakhulu futhi kuqukethe ama-squids ajulile olwandle, ama-shrimps, ama-octopus, amakhaka, i-hake, ama-stingrays ngisho noshaka abaphakathi. Ukudla, lezi zinhlaka zingangena ekujuleni kuka-1000 m.
Ngemuva kwenguquko yendlela yokuphila ezimele, amawundlu akhona cishe inyanga ngenxa yamafutha anqwabelanayo, abese eshintshela ekudleni kuma-crustaceans amancane.
Izitha zemvelo zendlovu uphawu lwengwe, oluhlasela amawundlu. U-Orcas ubasabisa.
Kukholelwa ukuthi isikhathi eside kunazo zonke sokuphila kwezinsikazi zezimpawu zezindlovu ziyiminyaka eyi-12, abesilisa - iminyaka engama-20.
I-Harp Seal
Kukho konke, i-tulip foxid iyona efundwa kakhulu, mhlawumbe kungenxa yenani layo lokuhweba kanye nokuxhashazwa kwalo emakhulu amabili eminyaka adlule. Ungowomndeni we-Arctic fotside futhi wehlukile kwezinye izinhlobo esejotsheni lawo, omhlophe ngokuphelele ngokuzalwa futhi unendawo ethile yabantu abadala ngendlela yehre noma ihhashi. Okungaphezulu nje kwethole noma imabula, kepha kuncane kakhulu kunezimpawu zamanzi zase-Antarctic, kuyaqabukela kudlula i-1, 60 m ebudaleni enesisindo esingu-150 kg.
Lesi isilwane sezinkomo - amadoda amadala kuphela abonakala ekuthanda ukuhlala yedwa, okwazi ukuhlala emhlabeni, njengasemanzini. Eqinisweni, usebenzisa isikhathi sakhe esiningi kule nto yesibili, lapho ebonakala ezolile, lapho ethola khona ukudla nobuchopho ekuphishekeleni inyamazane yakhe - i-capelin, herring kanye ne-cod.
Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zizalwa ngoboya obumnyama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akuvamile, kepha awugqinsi. Lapho ifika ezinyangeni ezimbili, umbala woboya uyashintsha ube ngwevu. Umzimba wophawu lwendlovu oluseningizimu umboza ungqimba obukhulu bamafutha angaphansi. Ifinyelela kubukhulu be-10 cm, bese ubukhulu bawo, buhlobene nesisindo somzimba, bungama-35%. Amafutha avikela izitho zangaphakathi kusuka ku-hypothermia futhi athuthukisa ukuqina kwesilwane.
Izilwane ziyafuduka ngesikhathi sokufuduka kwazo ezimbili: ekuqaleni kobusika, ziqondiswe eqhweni eliseningizimu ukuze zizalwe, futhi entwasahlobo - ziye emanzini asezinhlanzini asenyakatho. umsebenzi, gxuma futhi ungene emanzini noma ukubhukuda esiswini emoyeni ebusweni. Isilwane esinyayo sangempela, yize sihlala emanzini, uphawu lwensimbi lumbozwe ngoboya. Inezinhlobo ezimbili zezinwele - "izinwele ezivikelayo", ezivikela i-epidermis ekuqothulweni nase- "undercoat", ukuthungwa okufushane, okuncane futhi okunobuhlungu, okunomthelela ekufakweni kwesilwane okushisayo. Ijazi lisiza ukuqinisa izinga lokushisa langaphakathi ngenxa yobukhulu obukhulu bamafutha angaphansi, angafinyelela ku-8 cm kubantu abadala.
Habitat
Izindlovu ezingaseningizimu zihlela ukuzulazula kwazo esiQhingini saseFalkland, eSouth Orkney naseSouth Shetland Islands. Babuye bathande iSouth Georgia, Hurd neKerguelen Islands. IMacquarie Island eseNingizimu Pacific nayo ilele endaweni yayo ethakazelayo. Emaphethelweni ambozwe ngamatshe amatshe nesihlabathi, izilwane zihlala izinyanga eziyisithupha. Abantu abafinyelela ezinkulungwaneni eziyi-10 bahlangana endaweni eyodwa, bakha ama-rookeries amakhulu.
Ukubona nokuzwa yimizwa emibili ethuthukisiwe kakhulu emehlweni akhe. Amehlo akhe abuye ajwayele imisebe yelanga eqhweni, njengobumnyama cishe bohlobo lolwandle. Ngaphandle kwamanzi, uphawu lune-astigmatism encane kanye nokuqonda okumbalwa okumbalwa. Iso lezimpawu zasolwandle ezibukhali libukene kakhulu nohlaza, ngokungafani nezimpawu zasolwandle ezihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo, ezisabela ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Omunye umthombo obalulekile wolwazi oluzwelayo lwezinsimbi zehabhu ukuzwa, obudlala indima enkulu lapho abezindaba bezama ukuthola inyamazane noma izitha noma lapho bafuna ukuxhumana nezinye izilwane. Kodwa-ke, kubonakala sengathi ayinalo uhlelo olucashile lokulawula umsindo olusetshenziswa ngamahlengethwa. I-anatomy yendlebe ifana kakhulu nazo zombili izinhlobo zezilwane ezincelisayo kanye nezilwane ezincelisayo zomhlaba, kodwa uphawu lwehabhu lungazwakala kangcono kakhulu ngaphansi kwamanzi kunasemanzini: kukhale izikhalo ezincane kuphela emhlabathini. Abadala bazwakala kuphela emanzini, ezimweni ezingavamile - ngesikhathi sokuzala, ngokwesibonelo.
Lapha bazala, bazala amawundlu kanye nama-molt. Ngemuva kokuncibilika, bathuthela olwandle oluvulekile, lapho bangahlala khona izinsuku eziningi ngaphandle kokubona umhlaba. Isembozo sendlovu yaseningizimu singumbhukudi omuhle kakhulu, uyakwazi ukunqoba amabanga amakhulu olwandle. Kungabhukuda amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezine kuya kweziyi-5 ukuyogcina upake endaweni eyiqhwa yeqhwa le-Antarctic noma ngasogwini lwaseNingizimu Afrika naseNew Zealand. Lesi silwane sitshuza sijule ngamamitha ayi-500, ngaphansi kwamanzi kungaba imizuzu engama-40.
Ukunambitheka kwalezi zilwane kubonakala kunqunyelwe kakhulu, noma ngabe zinama-buds wokunambitha olimini lwazo futhi azinaso isikhathi sokunambitha ukudla kwazo, njengoba zikugwinya ngokufakwa, Yinhlanzi enkulu abayinqume emihlathini ngosayizi wokualuma. Umhlanga wehabhu unezinhlobo ezintathu zamazinyo: izisusa, izingwebu nezinsimbi zomswakama, kepha zilungele ikakhulukazi ukuthumba nokuphamba inyamazane.
Ukusuka emanzini, iphunga lidlala indima enkulu ezimbanjeni, ezibavumela ukuthi bathole ukufika komhlaseli, yize kukude ngamamitha ambalwa. abesilisa bathola abesifazane lapho kushisa nokuthi omama bathola inzalo yabo phakathi kwamakhulu abanye abancane, bonke befana, eqhweni.
Izitha
Indlovu yaseningizimu idla izinhlanzi, ama-cephalopods kanye nama-mollusks. Uqobo lwayo luba yisisulu somkhomo wokubulala. Lezi zidlakela ezinkulu ziyamhlasela ogwini nasemanzini olwandle avulekile. Kepha njengoba bengathandi ukuqhubekela phambili ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-800 ukusuka ogwini, uphawu olukhulu, selunqobile ibanga leli, luphephile ngokuphelele. Amathole endlovu ahlaselwa izingwe zasolwandle.
Esinye isitha ngumuntu. Emakhulwini eminyaka adlule, ngesisa wasibhubhisa izilwane ezingenacala ngenxa yamafutha aso. Ukusuka eziwinini eyodwa zendlovu ezibulewe zithole okungenani ama-500 kg womkhiqizo obalulekile. Namuhla, ukudoba kwalezi zilwane akuvunyelwe. Kulokhu, inani labo lenyukile. Isibalo sezimpawu zasendlovu zaseningizimu namuhla ziyizinhloko ezingama-750. Okungenani izilwane eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-250 zihlala esiqhingini saseNingizimu Georgia, okuyisibalo esifanayo esiqhingini saseKerguelen. Lawa ama-rookeries amakhulu kakhulu wezimpawu ezinkulu azabelana ngama-penguins.
Ngifuna ukwazi konke
Ekhulwini lethu leminyaka, lapho isintu sesingene emkhathini wangaphandle futhi silangazelela ukuthola okungenani ezinye izinto eziphilayo ku-Mars noma amanye amaplanethi, into eyodwa ezimangazayo: Ngabe sijwayelene nabafowethu basemhlabeni? Kungakanani esikwaziyo ngabo? Siyayazi indlela yabo yokuphila? Izidingo? Ukuziphatha? Ubudlelwano nezwe langaphandle?
Akudingeki ukuthi uye kude izibonelo. Bangaki kithi ababone indlovu ephilayo olwandle? Vele, cishe wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi izilwane ezinjalo zikhona. Kepha bambalwa ababenenhlanhla eyanele yokubona ezimweni zemvelo zalezi zikhulu ezedlula usayizi nesisindo lobhejane, imvubu kanye nama-walruses. Izindlovu zezindlovu zihlala ezindaweni ezikude, okungukuthi: ePatagonia - ngasogwini lwaseArgentina, esiQhingini saseMacquarie - eningizimu yeTasmania, eSigny Island, eSouth Georgia.
Ngakho-ke zinjani izindlovu?
2
Okokuqala, sithi lezi yizilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu ezinamaphini wehlobo lwezimpawu ezifile (Phocidae), eziqanjwe kanjalo ngokungafani nezimpawu zamanzi ezaziwinile - i-Otariidae. Ubude besilisa buqhamuka kumamitha amathathu kuya kwayisithupha, kanti ikholossus elinjalo lifinyelela kumathani amabili! Ngokubheka ukwakheka komzimba, lezi zikhulu zifana ne-walrus, futhi isikhumba sazo silingana futhi silukhuni, kepha asinazo izibambo zama-walrus, kepha kukhona okufana nesiqu esifushane esikhulu (izindlovu ezikweleta igama laso). Imbalwa kakhulu yalezi zilwane ezimangalisayo ezisindile kuze kube manje. Futhi ukube asibonanga ngomzuzu wokugcina, ngabe sanyamalala ngokuphelele ebusweni bomhlaba, njengezihlobo zazo eziseduze - izinkomo zasolwandle, ezatholwa ngumuntu wemvelo uGeorge Steller ngonyaka ka-1741, ngesikhathi sokuhamba olwandle oluya eBering. Echaza le mithi emikhulu engenabungozi, ebingafanele umzamo ukuyidubula ngenxa yokuhamba kwayo nokukhohlisa, uSteller ngokunganakile wakhombisa indlela yokungena kalula kubantu abahlukahlukene ababambekayo. Ngo-1770, izinkomo zasolwandle (kamuva ezabizwa ngokuthi yi-Steller izinkomo) zazingasekho.
Ngenhlanhla, lokhu akwenzekanga ngezimpawu zasendlovu.Okokuqala, yingoba bahlala ezindaweni ezingenakufinyeleleka kubantu: kungaba ukubhukuda emanzini anolwandle olwandle lwaseningizimu, lapho imimoya ebukhali ye-gale ingapheli, noma bahambe ngamafuphi ezindaweni zabo ezihlala ogwini lwasePatagonia noma ezindaweni ezincane ezilahlekile eziqhingini zolwandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlovu zasolwandle, ngokungafani nezihlobo zazo ezingenangozi - ama-dugongs, noma ama-siren, akhipha ngokuthula utshani bolwandle "emameleni" angaphansi kwamanzi, akuyona neze izilwane ezivikelekile. Ikakhulu abesilisa. Amazinyo abo abukhali, namandla makhulu. Owesilisa osekhulile unolaka olukhulu. Izindlovu zasolwandle ziyizisulu: zidla izilwane ezahlukahlukene zasemanzini, ikakhulukazi izinhlanzi.
Imihlambi yezinhlobo zaseningizimu, ezinobubanzi bayo bangaphambili manje isinqunyelwe eziqhingini ezimbalwa zase-Antarctic, njengeKerguelen, iCrozet, neMarion, ENingizimu Georgia, yaxoshwa ngokungenamusa. Izitobha eziningana eziqhingini zaseMacquarie naseHurd nazo ziye zalondolozwa. Kodwa-ke, endaweni enomswakama, lapho kwakubonwa khona ukuzulazula kwalezi zilwane ngaphambili - ngokwesibonelo, ogwini oluseningizimu yeChile, eKing Island eduze naseTasmania noma esiQhingini saseFalkland naseJuan Fernandez Island - manje ngeke ubone elilodwa ...
Namuhla, izimpawu zomuntu zendlovu, ezinye zingasho, ukuthi sezithole okuthile ngakwenzekile ukushaqeka okwedlule. Kwezinye izindawo, baphinde bathola amandla abo angaphambili. Kepha lokhu, kunjalo, kulapho kuphela lapho izilwane zivikelwe kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, eNhlonhlo yaseArgentina iValdez, okuye kwathiwa ivikelekile, noma eziqhingini zaseMacquarie noma iHurd, lapho bekuzinqatshelwe ukuzingela yona iminyaka engamashumi amane nanhlanu. Izilwane lapho zichuma ngokusobala, futhi inani lazo liyanda unyaka nonyaka. Ngokuqondene neziqhingi ezifana neSouth Georgia neKerguelen, ingxenye yomhlambi isadutshulwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Kuliqiniso, kuthiwa lokhu bakwenza ngaphansi kolawulo oluqinile lwesayensi.
Kungani izindlovu zasemanzini zathandeka kangaka kubadobi? Bathola lezi zilwane ngenxa yamanye amanoni abo acashile. Isendlalelo saso sifinyelela ku-amasentimitha ayishumi nanhlanu! Kuyadingeka ukuthi isilwane siwuvikele ekulahlekelweni ukushisa emanzini acwebile lapho echitha khona iningi lempilo yayo. Futhi la mafutha aphenduka akhanga kakhulu. Ngenxa yakhe, izindlovu zasolwandle zabulawa ngesihluku, izintaba zonke zezidumbu zazo zakhuphuka ngasogwini, khona lapho ogwini kumathangi amakhulu afakelwe le nhloso, amanoni ancibilika ... Ogwini lwePatagonian lwaseArgentina kuphela, kusukela ngo-1803 kuya ku-1819, North American, English kanye naseDashi abadobi baminza ingqikithi yamalitha endlovu ayisigidi ayisikhombisa namakhulu ayisithupha. Futhi lokhu kusho ukuthi isibalo sezilwane ezibulewe ngale ndlela sifinyelele okungenani ezinkulungwaneni ezine kuya kweziyisithupha! Bahlatshwe ngendlela eyisimanga kunazo zonke: banqume indlela eya yokonga amanzi futhi bagwazwa ngemikhonto noma bafika nezibani ezivuthayo zingena emlonyeni ovulekile ...
Futhi manje, lezi ziviki ezinkulu neminye imishini yokuncibilika kwamafutha, ukugqwala komoya osawoti onosawoti, kulele ogwini lweziqhingi eziningi zasePatagonia ... Lokhu kunjengokungathi, kumemezela inkumbulo edabukisayo yokuxhashazwa kwemvelo okwenziwe umuntu esikhathini esidlule esedlule futhi kusebenza njengezexwayiso ezizukulwaneni ezizayo ...
Futhi manje, lapho abantu beyeka ukubopha izimpawu zasendlovu, kwase kuyisikhathi sokuzifunda. Lokhu kwenziwa ngamaqembu amaningana ososayensi abavela emazweni ehlukene. Izazi zesayensi yezinto eziphilayo zaseNgilandi zenza ukubonwa okuphumelela kakhulu kwempilo yalezi ziphulu eziqhingini zaseSigny naseNingizimu Georgia ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukaDkt R. M. Loves weBritish Antarctic Service, ngenkathi ososayensi base-Australia, beholwa uDkt R. Carrick, basebenza eziqhingini zaseMacquarie naseHeard. Imiphumela yocwaningo lwabo yashicilelwa eCanberra ngonyaka we-1964. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isazi sezilwane esidumile sesiNgisi uJohn Warham sabona esiqhingini esifanayo.
Yini oyifundile ngalesi silwane esingajwayelekile nesisifundwe kancane?
Naphezu kobukhulu bayo obukhulu, uphawu lwendlovu luyibhukudi elihle. Lokhu kunomthelela ekwakhekeni komzimba wakhe. Indlovu yasolwandle ingabhukuda ngejubane elingafika kumakhilomitha angamashumi amabili nantathu ngehora. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emanzini weqhwa, uhlobo “lwejakhethi ehlanganisiwe” - ungqimba lwamafutha angaphansi - lusebenza njengokuvikelwa okuthembekile kumakhaza. Emanzini, lesi silwane esikhuluphele sibonisa ukungaxhaxeli okungatheni kanye nobuchopho: phela, lapha kufanele azuze imali ngokujaha izinhlanzi, efuna ukunqwabelana kwe-plankton kanye nama-crustaceans ahlukahlukene. Uphawu lwendlovu lubi kakhulu ukuzivumelanisa nokuhlala emhlabeni, yize kufanele uchithe ikota yalo yokuphila lapho. Kunzima ukucabanga isilwane esivela kancane futhi kancane! Udonsa umzimba wakhe osindayo enhlabathini enamatye, ehamba ngosizo lodwa lwamaphiko angaphambili. Ngalesi sikhathi, sifana nenkumba enkulu noma isibungu: “isinyathelo” esisodwa endlovu yasolwandle singamasentimitha angamashumi amathathu nanhlanu kuphela! Isisindo uqobo, emanzini angenakuqhathaniswa, emhlabeni iba umthwalo ongabekezeleleki wesilwane. Akumangazi ukuthi indlovu yendlovu isheshe ikhathale, ilale phansi ngokushesha ilale ngeqhawe, ilele kahle. Iphupho lendlovu alinakuvinjwa ngempela - kunoma yikuphi, ukumvusa akuyona into elula. Lokhu kuchazwa ukuthi isikhathi eside impela lezi zikhulu emhlabeni azinazitha, futhi, njengabo obhejane, zazingenamuntu owesabayo futhi zingenasidingo sokulala ngokukhulu ukucophelela.
Ukulala kakhulu kwezindlovu zasolwandle kumangele kaningi isazi sezilwane saseNgilandi uJohn Warham, owenza umbono wakhe esiqhingini saseMacquarie. Njalo ekuseni, eshiya itende lakhe, wahlangana nezimpawu zendlovu zilele eceleni komnyango zivimbe indlela yakhe. Babezincelisa ngokuphelele izinsizwa ezincane ezinobude bamamitha amathathu kuya amane nengxenye. Babelala ngokuphelele, ukuphefumula kwabo bekujulile futhi kunomsindo, kwesinye isikhathi kubuye kube ukugoqa. Kodwa-ke, bekungeyona into enkulu ukuthi umcwaningi azidabule: wahamba ngqo emahlombe abo, kwathi ngenkathi kucaca kubo ukuthi bahamba ngezicubu ezakhiwe (kungani babheka phezulu ngokwesaba), lowo owayesenkingeni wayesesekude kakhulu ...
Futhi izazi zezinto eziphilayo zaseMelika ezifunde okwezimpawu zezindlovu eGuadeloupe, ngenxa yokuhamba kancane kwalezi zilwane, azikwazanga nje ukukala ukukhululeka kwazo nokushisa kwazo, kodwa futhi nokuphanga izimuncagazi ezikhunjeni zazo.
Akumangazi futhi ukuthi amandla endlovu alala ngaphansi kwamanzi. Kepha izilwane zikwazi kanjani ukuphefumula ngalesi sikhathi? Ngemuva kwakho konke, banamaphaphu, hhayi gill. Ososayensi bakwazile ukuthola imfihlo yephupho elinjalo elingaphansi kwamanzi. Ngemuva kokuhlala imizuzu eyisihlanu noma eyishumi ngaphansi kwamanzi, isifuba sesilwane siyanda, kuyilapho amakhala ahlala evaliwe ngokuqinile. Ukusuka kulokhu, ubukhulu bomzimba buyancipha, bese uyavela. Phezu kwamanzi, amathumbu avuleka, futhi imizuzu emithathu isilwane siphefumula umoya. Ngemuva kwalokho iphinda icwila ibheke phansi. Amehlo ahlala evaliwe sonke lesi sikhathi: kusobala ukuthi indlovu ilele.
Amatshe ajwayele ukutholakala esiswini sendlovu. Izakhamizi zezindawo lapho lezi zilwane zihlala khona, zikholelwa ukuthi amatshe asebenza njenge-ballast ngesikhathi sokuntywiliselwa izindlovu ngaphansi kwamanzi. Kukhona ezinye izincazelo. Isibonelo, amatshe esiswini angasiza ekugayeni ukudla - izinhlanzi ezigwinyiwe ngokuphelele kanye nama-crustaceans.
Izindlovu zasolwandle zidla ikakhulu izinhlanzi, futhi hhayi nhlobo i-cuttlefish, njengoba bekucatshangwa ngaphambili. I-Cuttlefish "kwimenyu" yabo ayidluli amaphesenti amabili. Kepha indlovu endala idla izinhlanzi eziningi. Ngokusho kwesazi sezilwane esidumile saseHagenbek, indlovu eyinduna ebude obungamamitha amahlanu ibigcinwe emgodleni wayo wezinkanyezi idla amakhilogremu ezinhlanzi ezinhlanu ngosuku ngokwesilinganiso! Imibiko enjalo yaholela ekutheni ezinye izichologist zithi ukunyamalala kwezindlovu zasolwandle kuyisibusiso ngoba kuthiwa bekuphikisana nokubanjwa kwabadobi ... Noma kunjalo, ucwaningo ngokucophelela luye lwabonisa ukungabi nangqondo kweziphetho ezinjengalezi: ukudla kwezindlovu zasolwandle ikakhulukazi kungokoshaka abancanyana kanye nama-stingrays angabaliwe izinhlanzi ezithengiswayo ... Emhlabeni, ngesikhathi sokuzalela, izindlovu ziyakwazi ukuzila ukudla amasonto: ngalesi sikhathi azidli lutho, kepha ziphila ngokuqongelelwa amafutha alo angaphakathi.
Ukutadisha ngokucophelela lezi zilwane eminyakeni yamuva kuye kwembula izimfihlo eziningi zempilo nokuziphatha kwabo. Ngandlela thile, la makholomu acwebezelayo aphenduke into efinyeleleka kalula kumcwaningi: akubalulekanga ngalutho, ngokwesibonelo, ukulinganisa ubude bawo, ukubala inani lezinkomo ngazinye, ukwakheka kwazo, amaqembu eminyaka, abheka impilo “yomndeni” walezi zilwane, ukuzalwa kwezilwane ezincane, njll. d. Kepha zama ukukala isilingo esinjengalesi! Ngemuva kwakho konke, ngemuva kwakho konke, owesilisa ovukile "emilenzeni yakhe yangemuva" (futhi le ndlela yabo evamile yokusongela) iba ikholamu ende, futhi ngisho nokubona kwesithombe sengqondana enjalo kuyesabeka. Yini ekhona ukucabanga ngokumbamba kanye nokumshaya esikalini. Cha, akuwona umsebenzi olula lokhu - ukutadisha kwezilwane ezinje, futhi udinga ukuba ngumdlandla wangempela ukuze ukwazi ukwenza lokhu. Ngemuva kwakho konke, umuntu akufanele akhohlwe ngezimo zezulu zezindawo okwenziwe kuzo lokhu okubhekwayo: mayelana nomoya oqhubekayo onameva, amanzi acwebile, indawo engenamhlaba engenamatshe ... Noma kunjalo, abacwaningi bakwazile ukwenza umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu, ongavumeli kuphela ukunquma iminyaka yomuntu ngamunye, kodwa futhi nokulandela umkhondo ukufuduka kwabo, ushintsho lwesizini ekwakhekeni kwezinkomo, inqubo yokuncibilika, ubudlelwano emhlambini.
Kepha ake siqale ngokuhleleka. Iminyaka emine, abahloli bamazwe base-Australia esiQhingini i-Heard naseMacquarie banezinsimbi zomkhiqizo wendlovu, njengoba nje benza ngamathole asekhaya noma amathole. Ngo-1961, cishe amamaki ezingane ayizinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa. Lokhu ngemuva kwalokho kwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukunquma ngokunembile ubudala besilwane esisodwa noma kwesinye, i-oda lapho amaqembu ahlukahlukene avela ekuthangeni, ukunamathela kwabantu abathile “ezweni lakubo” noma ukuthambekela kokushintsha izindawo ... Ngakho-ke, owesimame ongaphansi kwenombolo "M-102" iminyaka emine ngokulandelana waletha inzalo endaweni efanayo kwathi kuphela unyaka wesihlanu waphinde waqhubekela phambili ngamakhilomitha. Kwavela amanye amaphethini. Isibonelo, amaqembu "asemasha" wezimpawu zasendlovu avela ekuzulazeni maduze kakhulu kunabantu abadala ababandakanyeka ekuzaleni, okuvame ukuba phakathi kuka-Agasti no maphakathi no-Novemba. Ukuhlanza ezilwaneni zamaqembu ahlukene yobudala nakho kwenzeka ngezikhathi ezihlukile. Ngakho-ke, i-rookery icishe ingabi nalutho - kuphela okuphathelene nezakhamuzi zayo kuyashintsha.
Phakathi kwabesilisa, amaqembu amane angahlukaniswa ngokusobala. Eyokuqala - "eyeve eshumini elinambili" - ifaka izilwane ezineminyaka yobudala eyodwa kuya kwayisithupha, osayizi bazo azidluli amamitha amathathu. Bavela ekuzungezeni ubusika, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kwezivunguvungu, ngenhloso ecacile yokuthatha ikhefu lokubhukuda. Ukuhlanza lezi zilwane kuqala - ngoDisemba (ekuqaleni kwehlobo eningizimu hemisphere), khona-ke zonke ezinye izilwane ziyavela ngokulandelana kobudala: obudala obudala, obalandela.
Iqembu lesibili, noma elithi “ubusha”, lenziwa yizilwane ezineminyaka eyisithupha kuya kweyishumi nantathu, osayizi bazo zisuka kumathathu kuya kwamane nesiqingatha samamitha. Bafika olwandle ekwindla, ngemuva nje kokuba amathole evele kubantu besifazane, kodwa-ke, abahlangani nabesilisa abadala, babhukude ngaphambi kokuqala kokukhula (ngemuva kokulunyulwa).
Iqembu elilandela iminyaka elandelayo yilaba okuthiwa bangabafaka izicelo. Amadoda anjalo, aqala ngosayizi ukusuka kumamitha amane nesigamu kuya kumamitha ayisithupha, onesidina sokuziqhenya ngokuziqhenya, asesimweni sokucasuka okukhulu futhi akhuphuke alwe nabanikazi bezindawo ezisokolayo - abanikazi be "harems" - abesilisa abadala abanamandla, bezama ukuphinda bathathe ingxenye yabesifazane kubo. Lezi zinsikazi ezindala ezinolwazi zakha iqembu lesine leminyaka.
Umnikazi onjalo we-harem ungumuntu ohlaba umxhwele kakhulu. Mkhulu, akahlabeki, unesikhwele futhi unolaka. Ukube behlukile, ubengeke akwazi ukuhlala “eposini” lakhe. Yize kunjalo, "i-harem" imvamisa inabantu besifazane abaningana, futhi ukugcina bonke laba benelukuluku, belwela ukusakazeka ngezindlela ezihlukile futhi "ukubabaza" ubuhle obuhle kunoma yimuphi "umlingisi" obuhle obuthobekile belalela, umuntu udinga amandla amangalisayo neso elibonakalayo ... Uma esebone umphikisi, umnikazi " i-harem "ikhipha umsindo ngokufutheka igijimele kuyo, ichithe konke okuza ngendlela yayo: igumbuqela izinsikazi bese inyathela amathole ... Ngokujwayelekile," inkosi "enjalo, isilwane" esingenangqondo "ngokungajwayelekile. Kwenzeka kaningi ukuthi abulale ukushona kwezinsana ezisanda kuzalwa. Kuchazwa icala lapho owesilisa eyolala, esezihlikihle ikhehla elikhala ngokulangazelela, kodwa engacabangi nakancane ukusukuma akhulule lona ngeshwa.
Uma i- "harem" inkulu kumnikazi oyedwa, uyaphoqeleka ukuthi avumele "abasizi" ukuthi baqaphe izindawo zakhe ezikude ...
Ukuqashelwa kukhombisa ukuthi owesilisa ofanayo futhi oqinile ubusa “i-harem” kuyo yonke inkathi yokuzalanisa, futhi abesilisa abancane nababuthakathaka bavame ukunikela umphikisi obadlula bona ngamandla. Yize abesilisa bavame ukulwa emanzini, hhayi kude nolwandle, ukwethuka nakho kuqala ebhishi ngalesi sikhathi - izintokazi ezikhathazekile ziyakhala, amawundlu azama ukubaleka. Ngakho-ke, kusuka "kuma-harems", lapho evame ukuphazamiseka kakhulu, izintokazi zizama ukuhambisa "ezinhlafunweni" ezipholile.
Ukulwa kwabesilisa kungumbono omuhle. Abaphikisi, njengoba sebeshayane bodwa, bavuka “emilenzeni yabo yangemuva”, bekhuphuka ngamamitha amane ngaphezu kwamanzi angajulile, bese bebamba kule ndawo imizuzu eminingana, befana nezithombe zamatshe zezilo. Izilwane zikhipha ukubhonga okubuthakathaka, iziqu zazo zivuvukala ngokubabazekayo, zinisela isitha ngomshini wokufafaza. Ngemuva kokusebenza okunjalo, umphikisi obuthakathaka uvame ukuphindisela emuva, eqhubeka nokubhonga ngokudabukisa, abuyele ebangeni elivikelekile, aqale phansi. Owinile ukhala ngokuziqhenya, futhi, ngemuva kokuphonsa ngamanga amaningana ngemuva kombaleki, uthulisa umoya bese ubuyela olwandle.
Lapho kungekho noyedwa wezimbangi zakhe ozogoba, impi iya ngokuqina. Ngemuva kwalokho zombili izidumbu ezinamandla zishayelana ngokoqobo, ngokunyakaza okusheshayo nangokubukhali kwekhanda, wonke umuntu uzama ukufaka okungamathambo entanyeni yesitha. Kodwa-ke, isikhumba sendlovu yasolwandle ilukhuni futhi iyashelela, futhi ifakwe isixha esinamafutha angapheli, angavamile ukulimala kakhulu. Kuliqiniso, amabala nezazi kusala entanyeni yabesilisa impilo, kepha kuphelele.
Akukhathalekile ukuthi le mpi ibukeka isabisa kangakanani, ezimweni eziningi ayifiki ekuchithekeni kwegazi okunzima. Imvamisa, konke kukhawulelwe ekusatshazaneni, ukubhonga okuthusayo nokuhogela. Inchazelo yemvelo yalokhu kuziphatha iyaqondakala: kuyaqanjwa okuqine kakhulu, ozokucabanga ngemisebenzi yomkhiqizi ngesikhathi sokukhwelana kanti, njengomphumeleli wohlobo, uzodlulisela enzalweni izimfanelo zakhe ezinhle. Ngasikhathi sinye, insizwa ebuthakathaka ayifanga enkundleni yempi ngakho-ke ayijikisi inqubo eqhubekayo yokwenza kabusha izinhlobo ...
Lapho amasayithi athile kanye "nezinceku" sezisatshalalisiwe, izimpi phakathi komakhelwane besilisa azenzeki: uma umuntu ephula ubuqotho bendawo, kwanele ukuthi "umniniyo" asukume aqhewule ukuze owephula umngcele ashiye ngokushesha.
Ngokuphathelene nomuntu, abesilisa abade njalo abakhombisi ukuba nolaka. Futhi hhayi zona, kepha izinsikazi zingahle zibe yizo eziyingozi kakhulu kumcwaningi owavumela ukungena ekungeneni komhlambi. Isibonelo, uJohn Varham, kwadingeka ajwayelane namazinyo abo abukhali izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa futhi abaleke ngamahloni, eshiya ucezu oluhle lomlenze wakhe endlovu yolwandle ethukuthele ...
Mayelana nabesifazane kufanele ukutshela okuningi. Izinsikazi zincane kakhulu kunabesilisa - kuyaqabukela zifinyelela amamitha amathathu ubude nethoni yesisindo. Zikhula kancane, kepha ngokomzimba zikhula ngokushesha kunabesilisa: lapho zineminyaka emibili noma emithathu, sezikhulile ngokocansi, kanti abesilisa bafika esikhathini sokufika esikhathini esizayo.
Isikhathi sokuzala siqala ngo-Agasti kuya maphakathi no-Novemba. Abesifazane bavela esihlahleni esivele “ngokudilizwa” futhi ngezinsuku ezinhlanu bazala inzalo. Amawundlu amaningi azalwa kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba kuya maphakathi no-Okthoba. Abanikazi be "harems" baqapha izinsikazi ngenkuthalo ngesikhathi senzalo.
Zombili izintokazi nezinsikazi zifika ogwini zikondliwe kahle ngemuva kokondla kahle amafutha olwandle. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze “kusheshe” isikhathi eside okufanele bakukhuthazelele emhlabeni: abesilisa “bayashesha” isikhathi esingamaviki amabili, futhi izinsikazi zingaqedi inyanga! Kepha ngalesi sikhathi, izinsikazi kuzofanele zibekezelele bonke ubunzima obuhambisana nokuzalwa kwengane kanye nokondliwa kwamawundlu, kanti abesilisa kuzodingeka babhekane nengxabano yesikhathi esilandelayo sokuzalela izimpi nezimpi ezihlobene nabo nezimbangi zabo.
Kubonakala ebhishi futhi lilungiselela ukuzalwa kwengane, izinsikazi zitholakala kude nobabili, futhi azilali eduze, njengasesikhathini esivamile. Ukuzalwa uqobo luhlala cishe imizuzu engamashumi amabili, futhi ingane isivele ibonwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, muhle kakhulu: embozwe izinwele ezimnyama ze-wavy futhi ubukeka emhlabeni wonke ngamehlo amakhulu akhazimulayo. Kepha "ingane" inesisindo esingamakhilogremu angamashumi amahlanu, futhi ifinyelela imitha nengxenye ubude, okungukuthi, usayizi wokubekwa uphawu komuntu omdala ...
Njengoba selizelwe, leli khanda likhipha ukukhonkotha okufishane nenja, umama aliphendule ngendlela efanayo, ayihlwithe, futhi ngenxa yalokho alikhumbule. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izomhlukanisa ngokungathandabuzi kwamanye amazinyane amaningi futhi izokwazi ukubuya uma izama ukubaleka.
Ukuzalwa okuzayo kunganqunywa ngokushesha ukuthi phezu kowesifazane onesidina kunezinyoni ezinkulu ezinsundu ezilukiwe, kwezinye izindawo ezibizwa ngokuthi u-squaw. Lezi zinyoni zisebenza “njengababelethisi” ezindlovu. Ngokuqina okungajwayelekile, basusa ifilimu lokuzalwa ne-placenta, futhi, uma kunesidingo, bangakwazi ukubhekana nengane esanda kuzalwa. ISkua akuyona into edabukisayo ukuthi izenzele ubisi lwezalukazi ezinceliswe emhlabeni.
Ubisi lolu lunomsoco omkhulu (cishe uhhafu uqukethe amanoni), futhi amawundlu akhula ngejubane elingakaze libonwe: amakhilogremu amahlanu kuya kwayishumi nambili ayengezwa ngosuku! Ezinsukwini zokuqala eziyishumi nanye, baphinda kabili isisindo, baphindwe kathathu emasontweni amabili nesigamu. Kuyiqiniso, banezela okuncane, kepha, kepha bakha ungqimba lwamafutha omxhwele - amasentimitha ayisikhombisa nesigamu, abazowadinga kuqala kukho konke: kufanele kuvikele imizimba yabo ku-hypothermia ngesikhathi sokuhlala isikhathi eside emanzini.
Ngemuva cishe kwenyanga, amawundlu, noma “coho,” njengoba abizwa kanjalo ePatagonia, ayeke ukondla izinsikazi. Ngalesi sikhathi, "insana" yabo yoboya obumnyama ithathelwa indawo ngesiliva-grey, babukeka benempilo enhle futhi benelisekile. Ngokushesha bashiya "i-harem", bangena bangene ekujuleni kolwandle, lapho bahlala khona futhi bakhe izicubu zomzimba. Eminyakeni yamaviki amahlanu, ukukhula kwentsha kuqala imizamo yayo yokuqala yokubhukuda. Ngobusuku obunokuthula nokuzolile, izindlovu zasolwandle zehla zingene emanzini amachibi ashushubezwe yilanga noma imigqomo eshiywe ngemuva kokuguguleka komgwaqo bese ibhukuda ngokucophelela eduze nolwandle. Kancane kancane, baya ngokuya bazethemba futhi babe nesibindi, bazame ukuqhubeka nokuhambela kude olwandle kuze kube yilapho ekugcineni beshiya indawo yabo yokuzimela amasonto ayisishiyagalolunye futhi babhukude ...
Futhi, umuntu kufanele azibuze ukuthi konke kuhlakaniphile kuhlelwe kanjani endalweni. Ukukhula komncane kuba ngokuzimela kuleyo nkathi lapho amathemba okusinda kwayo kukuhle kakhulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, indawo yolwandle idonswa ungqimba lwamapulangwe, futhi izindlovu ezincane zinikezwa ngokudla okutholakalayo kanye nekhalori ephezulu yezinyanga ezimbalwa.
Kodwa-ke, ukulawula izilwane ezilebuli kukhombisa enye into: ingxenye yamawundlu iyafa ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila kwayo. Kamuva, ukulahleka kuncishiswa kakhulu, futhi cishe amaphesenti amane okukhula kwabantu abasha afinyelela eminyakeni emine ubudala.
Ngokusekelwe kule mininingwane, ochwepheshe base-Australia beza eziphethweni ezibalulekile ezilandelayo. Uma kunesidingo sokudubula ingxenye ethile yomhlambi wezimpawu zasendlovu (ngenxa yokugcwala kwethotho, ukuswela ukudla, njll.), Lokhu-ke kufanele kube yizilwane ezincane ezinamasonto amahlanu kuya onyakeni owodwa. Kepha akwamukeleki ngokuphelele ukudubula abesilisa abadala, njengoba bekunjalo eSouth Georgia, lapho kanye ehlobo babulala cishe izinkulungwane eziyisithupha. Ngaphandle kokuvikelwa okufanele kwe- “harems”, imihlambi yamadoda amadala enamava iyancipha, ngoba abesilisa abasebasha baqala ukulwa izimpi nomunye nomunye, bephikisana ngobunyoninco. Lokhu kungumphumela wokungenelela komuntu ngokungafanele ezindabeni zemvelo, futhi ngenxa yalokho izenzo ezixakile kufanele zigwenywe ngaphandle kokucaciswa okwanele kwesayensi.
Kepha emuva ekuzungeleni kwezindlovu zasolwandle, lapho izinsizwa zazisanda kuhamba. Ngemuva kokuthi "balumule" abasha, izintokazi ziphinde zishade nomnikazi we- "harem" futhi ngokushesha ngemuva kwalokho baya olwandle - bathathe ikhefu kusuka ebunzimeni bokuzala, badle kahle bazakhela ungqimba olusha lwamafutha kuze kube yilapho sebevela ukuvela kwe Rookery - ngoFebhuwari, ngesikhathi sokuncibilika.
Futhi lapha kufanelekile ukukhuluma ngenye yezimo ezimangalisa kakhulu zesitho sezilwane ezimweni zokuphila: ukukhula kwesibeletho esibelethweni sowesifazane kumisiwe okwesikhashana, futhi umbungu, ngokungathi kunjalo, "ugcinwe" isikhathi sonke esingesihle sempilo yesilwane - kulokhu, sokuncibilika. (Kwenzeka into efanayo nakwezinye izilwane - ama-pinnipeds amaningi, kanjalo naku-sable, unogwaja, i-kangaroo, njll.) Ukuthuthukiswa kombungu kuqhubeka kuphela ngoMashi, lapho ukuqeda kwezinsikazi sekuvele kuqediwe.
Abesilisa abanamandla, abanikazi bebhishi, beza ku-molt ngemuva kwesikhathi esizayo - ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Impilo enkudlwana kwi-rookery idinga ukululama okude.
Njengoba sekushiwo, kuqala kuvela abancane, futhi kamuva - abadala. Ngesikhathi sokuncibilikisa, amaqembu ubudala ahlala ndawonye, kepha ngokobulili: izinsikazi nabesifazane, nabesilisa nabesilisa. Ukuhlanza, kuya ngeminyaka, kuthatha inyanga eyodwa kuya kwezimbili. Kuze kube sekuqediwe, izilwane azisoze zahamba ngomkhumbi, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi imithambo yegazi ebucayi yesikhumba icekeceke kakhulu futhi ukupholisa kungazelele kungabangela ukwephulwa komshini we-thermoregulation, okusho ukuthi ukufa okuseduze emanzini eqhwa.
Umbono wendlovu echithayo udabukisa kakhulu: isikhumba esidala silenganyele kuso ngezinti eziklebhu. Okokuqala uphuma emshunwini, bese kusuka emzimbeni wonke. Ngasikhathi sinye, abantu abampofu babhekabhela emapheshana ezinhlangothini nasiswini sabo, bezama ukusheshisa le nqubo, okuyinto kusobala ukuthi ayimnandi kubo ...
Izilwane ezihlanza imvamisa zitholakala endaweni ethile egcwele imfucumfucu, hhayi kude nasogwini, futhi, ziphonsa futhi zijika, zivusa umhlabathi oxegayo, ziwenze ube ukungcola okungcolile. Bacwiliswa kuyo kanye nasemakhaleni. Iphunga elizungezile liyesabeka ngalesi sikhathi. Ngakho-ke akuwona wonke izivakashi okwaziyo ukumelana nakho ... By the way, mayelana nezivakashi ezihambela izindawo ezivikelwe. Njengoba sekushiwo, uhulumeni wase-Argentina wamemezela iPhalamende elincane laseValdez enyakatho yePatagonia elivikelwe. Kulesi peninsula, ikoloni lezimpawu zezindlovu zahlala, lafinyelela amakhanda angamakhulu amaningana. Ibizwa nge- "elephantium" (indlovu), futhi muva nje, izivakashi zivule ukungena lapho. Amakhilomitha ayikhulu namashumi ayisithupha nanhlanu ukusuka kulayini, kwaqhamuka idolobha lasePuerto Madryn. Futhi njengoba amanzi lapha evame ukubanda kakhulu ukubhukuda, amaholide amaningi ahamba ngokuzithandela aye e- "elephantium". Imihlahlandlela ekhokhelwayo isevisi yabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela yabavakashi, edlula emazweni amaningi aseNingizimu Melika, ifaka nokuvakashela eNhlonhlo yaseValdez nethonya layo lezimpawu zasendlovu. Ukugeleza okwenzeka njalo kwabavakashi, kukhombisa okukhulu intshiseko yabo futhi ngokuchofoza njalo kumakhamera, impela kuyacasula izilwane, kwephula indlela yabo ejwayelekile yokuphila, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi lapho abesifazane beletha inzalo. Abesilisa - abanikazi be- "harems" lapha baqala ukuziphatha ngolaka kunokujwayelekile. Bathukuthela ngolaka ukuhlangana nezivakashi ezicasulayo, bezama ukubaxosha kude nensimu yabo ", noma bashayele" i-harem "yabo emanzini ...
uphawu lwendlovu oluseningizimu - uM. leonina Linnaeus, 1758 (subantarctic water circumpolar enyakatho kuya ku-16 ° S kanye naseningizimu kuya e-Antarctic pack ice - 78 ° S, okusakazeka ngasePunta Norte naseTierra del Fuego e-Argentina nase Iziqhingi zaseFalkland, eSouth Shetland Islands, eSouth Orkney, eSouth Georgia, eSouth Sandwich, eGome, eMarion, ePrince Edward, eCrozet, eKerguelen, eHurd, eMacquarie, e-Auckland, eCampbell),
uphawu lwendlovu olusenyakatho - uM. angustirostris Gill, ngo-1866 (iziqhingi ezingasogwini lwaseMexico naseCalifornia enyakatho ziye eVancouver nasePrince of Wales, izinhlobo eziqhingini zaseSan Nicholas, San Miguel, Guadalupe naseSan Benito).
Uphawu lwendlovu olusenyakatho lwalusondele ekubhujisweni ngokudoba ngokweqile, kodwa muva nje ngenxa yokwenqatshelwa kokudoba, amanani ayo ande kakhulu futhi ayaqhubeka nokukhula.
Ingqikithi yezimpawu zasendlovu eziseningizimu ilinganiselwa kwizilwane eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-600-700, nezindlovu zasenyakatho - izilwane eziyizinkulungwane eziyishumi kuphela.
Izimpawu zasendlovu ezingaseningizimu zizingelwa ezindaweni ezihlala ogwini, futhi kunemikhawulo yokudoba isizini, ubukhulu bezimpawu ezivunwayo ezingamamitha ayi-3.5 ubude, kanye nenani labo. Isibonelo, ngonyaka we-1951, kwavunyelwa izinja eziyizinkulungwane eziyisishiyagalombili zezindlovu, ukuzingela, ezingama-7 787. Amafutha nesikhumba kutholakala ezilwaneni ezizingeli.
Indlela yokuphila yasendlovu yasolwandle nendawo yokuhlala
Izindlovu zasolwandle zisebenzisa iningi lesikhathi sazo entweni yazo yendabuko - amanzi. Emhlabeni, akhethwa kuphela ngokuzalela nokuncibilika. Isikhathi esisetshenziswe ebusweni bomhlaba asidluli izinyanga ezi-3.
Izindawo lapho kuhlala khona izindlovu kuya ngohlobo lwazo. Kukhona Indlovu uphawuukuhlala ogwini lwaseNyakatho Melika, futhi indlovu yaseningizimu okuhlala kuye i-Antarctica.
Izilwane zihlala zodwa, zihlangane kuphela ukuze zikhulelwe inzalo. Lapho zisemhlabeni, izindlovu zihlala emabhishi agqunywe ngamatshe amatshe noma ngamatshe. Ukuzulazula kwesilwane kungafinyelela abantu abangaphezu kwe-1000. Izindlovu zasolwandle zizolile, ngisho nezilwane ezi-phlegmatic kancane.