Izidumbu zezinhlobo zezilwane zasendulo ezanyamalala zatholwa abavubukuli eMgedeni waseDenisova e-Altai. Lapho becwaninga ngokutholakele, ososayensi abavela ku-Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology ye-SB RAS bathola ukuthi bangobesilwane esilinganayo, ekubonakaleni kwaso sasifana nembongolo ne-zebra.
Umhume waseDenisova e-Altai kwakhulunywa ngawo ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye. Izazi zemivubukulo zaqala ukuyifunda ngeminyaka yama-80s edlule. Umphenyi uNikolai Ovodov wakuthola kusayensi. Umhume uqukethe izinsalela zezinhlobo zezilwane eziyi-117 ezakhe i-Altai ezindaweni ezahlukene, nezinto zasendlini ezivela ezingxenyeni zamasiko ezingaphezulu kuka-20. Konke okutholwe kwaba imibukiso yeminyuziyamu eNovosibirsk naseBiysk.
Ngokusho kocwaningo lwe-Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology SB RAS, ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezingama-30 eyedlule e-Altai, endaweni yaseDenisova Cave, amahhashi ezinhlobo ezingazange zisinde kuze kube namuhla. Phambilini, izinsalela ezinjalo bezihlotshaniswa nama-kulans. Kepha ucwaningo oluthe xaxa lwezinto eziphilayo lwakhombisa ukuthi ngofuzo la mahhashi angokunye uhlobo olubizwa ngokuthi ngamahhashi ka-Ovodov. Abasebenzi balesi sikhungo bakholelwa ukuthi ngokubukeka, lokhu kuhlangana kufana ngasikhathi sinye nembongolo ne-zebra.
Phakathi kwe-zebra nembongolo
“Leli hhashi libizwa ngokuthi ihhashi ngokusemthethweni. Uma singayethula, izobukeka njengento ephakathi kwembongolane ne-zebra - ezinemilenze emifushane, incane futhi ingemnandi njengamahhashi ajwayelekile, ”kusho u-Anna Druzhkova, umcwaningi osemncane e-Laboratory of Comparative Genomics.
Ososayensi bacacisa ukuthi iminyaka yokutholwa kwe-paleontological yakamuva icishe ibe yiminyaka eyizinkulungwane eziyi-18. Bathi lokho okutholakele kuqinisekisa ukuthi ngalezo zinsuku e-Altai bekukhona ukuhlukahlukahluka okuningana kwezinhlobo kunamanje. Ama-fauna amelelwa izinhlobo ezinjalo.
"Kungenzeka ukuthi umuntu kaDenisov nabanye abahlali base-Altai basendulo bazingela ihhashi lika-Ovodov," kusho ososayensi.
Kunembile ukubukwa
Izazi zesayensi yezinto eziphilayo zihlola izinsalela zamahhashi hhayi ezivela e-Altai kuphela, kodwa naseBuryatia, eMongolia nasezingxenyeni zaseYurophu neRussia. Kwabanye babo, sekutholakele izinhlobo zemithi yesibeletho, futhi ungabona ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zanamuhla ezisondele kubo. Umuzi wabangasekho, oneminyaka eyizinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa, udwetshwe eGibhithe
Ikakhulu, ubuchwepheshe bamangqamuzana basiza ama-paleontologists ukuthola ukuthi umsuka wethambo elilodwa noma elinye lesicucu ngokunemba kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Uhlobo oluthile olungaphelele lwe-mitochondrial lwehhashi lika-Ovodov, elineminyaka engama-48 ubudala ukusuka eKhakassia, lafundwa ngaphambili, futhi laliqhathanisa nesampula eyimfihlakalo evela eDenisova Cave, enikezwe ososayensi be-Institute of Archaeology ne-Ethnography ye-SB RAS, ososayensi babona ukuthi kungokunye kwezinhlobo zezilwane.
"Ngenxa yezindlela zesimanje zokulandelana, ukucebisa imitapo yolwazi ngokuhleleka kwezingcezu ezifiselekayo, kanye nomhlangano ophelele wohlobo lwe-mitochondrial genome, uhlobo oluphelele lwe-mitochondrial lwehhashi lika-Ovodov lwaqala ukutholwa futhi ukuba khona kwezinhlobo ezazingaziwa ezivela emndenini we-equine esifundeni sase-Altai sanamuhla kwaboniswa ngokuthembekile," kusho umyalezo.
Iminyaka eqondile
Ngokusho kuka-Ana Druzhkova, eDaveisova Cave, imvamisa ukuhlangana kwazo zonke izinsalela zamathambo kunganqunywa yizendlalelo. Lokhu okutholakele bekuvela kungqimba obudala babo bulinganiselwa eminyakeni engaba ngu-20. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlaziywa kwe-radiocarbon yesampula kukhombisa ukuthi indala kakhulu. Ososayensi bayakuchaza lokhu ngokumbiwa okuphindaphindiwe, okuwukuthi, ukuhamba kwamathambo kuhlala kusuka ezingxenyeni ezijulile. Imininingwane yempilo “yomuntu wesintu” iveziwe
Uthi: “Lokhu kuphinde kusikisele ukuthi kufanele siqaphele ukuthi abantu abathandana nabathandana nabo,” kusho yena.
Ngokokuqala ngqa, ihhashi lika-Ovodov lachazwa ngonyaka we-2009 yisazi semivubukulo esidumile saseRussia uNikolai Ovodov ngokusekelwe ezintweni ezivela eKhakassia. Phambilini bekukholelwa ukuthi la mathambo ngele-kulan. Ngemuva kokuhlaziywa ngokuphelele kokuhluzekile kwezakhi zofuzo kanye nokwakheka kwezakhi zofuzo, kwavela ukuthi ama- “kulans” waseSiberia awahambisani nalokhu, kepha anamaqoqo ezinto zamahhashi asendulo, aminyene yamahhashi anjenge-tarpan ne-Przhevalsky ihhashi.