Yini engaba ngcono kumdobi kunokuba abambe kahle? Enye yezimpawu zokudotshwa kolwandle ezidumile nezibalulekile ibhekwa ikhodi. Kuyajabulisa ukumbamba. Lokhu kufana nomcimbi wezemidlalo.
Iningi labanjwa izinhlanzi zikakhodi eNorway. Unyaka nonyaka ensimini yaleli lizwe kunemincintiswano yomhlaba wonke yokudoba imidlalo kule nhlanzi emangalisayo. Kulapha lapho kwakubanjwa khona i-cod cod, ebicishe icishe ibe yi-100 kg futhi ibe nobude bamamitha elilodwa nesigamu.
Leli ngelinye lamalungu ajwayelekile emndenini we-codfish. Kunokunye okuningana okubhaliselwe kukho. Ezikhathini zasendulo, lalibizwa nge- "Labardan." Ezweni lanamuhla, lalibizwa ngokuthi i-cod ngenxa yenyama engafani nalutho, evame ukuqhekeka ngemuva kokoma.
Lokhu yisihumusho sokuqala. Abanye bathi i-cod iqanjwe kanjalo nje, ngoba imihlambi yayo emikhulu yenza uhlobo lomsindo oqhekekayo lapho iqala ukuvela. Umsindo onjalo utholakala ngokuzithandela kulezi zinhlanzi ngenxa yokuwohloka kwezicubu zesibambo sokubhukuda.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala ye-cod
Ukukhula kwe-cod akuyeki kukho konke impilo yakho. Iningi labo ikhodi yolwandle usuneminyaka emithathu ubudala, ubude bawo bube yi-45-55 cm. Amapharamitha abantu abadala ancike ngokuphelele endaweni yokuhlala yabo nendlela abaphila ngayo. Okukhulu kunabo bonke, njengoba sekushiwo, kungaba ngamamitha ayi-1.5-2 ubude nesisindo esingama-95 kg.
Bukela i isithombe sekhodi ungabona ukuthi umzimba wezinhlanzi unesimo se-fusiform. Amaphinifa ama-anal namaphiko amathathu ngemuva abonakala ngokucacile kuwo. Ikhanda lenhlanzi likhulu ngemisipha engalingani.
Imihlathi engezansi incane ngokugqamile kunaphezulu. Umugqa wabo bonke izinhlobo zamakhodi ngumsila okhula okhalweni. Isikali salezi zinhlanzi asisi sikhulu futhi sijijekile. Iphethwe yimibala eluhlaza, ephuzi neyomnqumo, ehambisana nezindawo ezincane ezinsundu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlangothi zihlala zilula ukwedlula ingemuva, kanti isisu simhlophe ngokuphelele noma siphuzi ngokugqamile.
Kunezinhlobo ezine zama-cod kuhlobo, lapho kufakwa khona i-pollock kamuva nje:
— I-Atlantic cod wabheka njengekhulu kunazo zonke lezi zinhlanzi. Ingakhula ibe ngamamitha amabili ubude, inesisindo esingama-95 kg. Isisu sakhe simhlophe ngokuphelele, kanti ingemuva linsundu noma lomnqumo, amathoni aluhlaza. Lolu hlobo lwe-cod luhlala ikakhulukazi oLwandle iBaltic naseGreenland.
— Ikhodi yePacific incane kancane kune-atlantic. Ikhula ibe ngu-120 cm, enesisindo esingu-23 kg. Ngaphandle, ifana ngokuqinile ne-Atlantic cod. Ukuphela kwekhanda lakhe, ebanzi kakhulu futhi likhudlwana. INorth Pacific, iBering, i-Okhotsk kanye nolwandle lwaseJapan - indawo yokuhlala yalolu hlobo lwe-cod.
— I-harp khodi ifana kakhulu nePacific, kuphela ngosayizi omncane. Ngobude, le nhlanzi ifinyelela ku-77 cm, ngokulandelana, futhi isisindo sayo sincane. Ukwahlulela ngegama lezinhlanzi, ungakuthola kaningi engxenyeni yeGreenland.
- IPollock inomzimba omncane. Ubude bawo obukhulu bungaba ngamasentimitha angama-90. Futhi isisindo sawo asikho ngaphezu kwama-4 kg. Ngaphandle, i-pollock inokufana nazo zonke izinhlobo zekhodi. Ama-prefers avulela amanzi eqhwa olwandlekazi lwePacific nolaseNyakatho. Iminyaka yokuqala ye-cod ayisebenzi ikakhulukazi. Uyakwazi ukubekezelela amazinga okushisa aphansi. ICod cishe ayize ingene emanzini olwandle oluseningizimu.
Unika izintandokazi zakhe kumanzi abandayo ezilwandle zasenyakatho, ezitholakala kuphela endaweni esenyakatho. Izinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu zalezi zinhlanzi zitholakala eNyakatho Atlantic.
Kepha ngakho konke lokhu, izinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu futhi alithandi i-cod. Izinhlanzi eziningi ezikhululekile zizizwa zinamanzi okushisa angama-0,5 degrees. Kulezo zindawo lapho amanzi ephansi kakhulu, i-cod inyukela ezingxenyeni zayo ezingaphezulu bese ichitha isikhathi sayo esiningi lapho.
Inhlanzi, enezindlela ezinjalo, ingahanjiswa kalula isuka ezingxenyeni ezansi kuya ekujuleni kokugeleza kwamanzi. Lesi sici sisiza ama-cod ukuzivumelanisa nendawo yakhe yokuhlala. Kepha akupheleli lapho.
I-Cod ithanda ukuhola impilo eqoqayo, ingashintsha kalula ukujula bese ishintsha isuka kolunye uhlobo lokudla iye kolunye. Le nhlanzi enkulu kakhulu ikhula ngokushesha futhi ingenye yezinhlanzi ezithanda ukwedlula zonke emhlabeni.
Abantu basibheka “njengesipho sikaNkulunkulu,” ngoba empeleni akukho lutho olulahlwa ekubanjweni. Isibindi se-Cod gcwalisa isisu sakhe. Ngemuva kokulungiselela okukhethekile, amathambo ayo nawo ayalungele ukusetshenziswa. Futhi ikhanda nakho konke okunye okutholakalayo ngemuva kokupheka kuyindlela enhle yokufaka umquba.
Le nhlanzi ethengiswayo inezimpawu eziningi ezinhle. Kepha kunezici ezingezinhle ze-cod. Kwesinye isikhathi, noma kungenzeki kaningi, izimuncagazi zingatholakala kule nhlanzi. Kuyo kungaba izibungu zamakhompiyutha eziyingozi emzimbeni womuntu. Ngakho-ke, lapho usika, kufanele uhlole ngokucophelela okuphakathi kwezinhlanzi nenqalo yalo.
Noma ngemuva kokucubungula inyama ngokushisa okuphezulu, lokhu kuba yingozi enkulu kubantu ngoba kungabangena bezimpethu. Esibindini se-cod, kungahle kube ne-nematode helminths. Ukuze uzibone esibindini, udinga kuphela ukuzisika izingcezu ezincane. Ngokuvamile lezimanga ezinjalo zitholakala enyameni ekheniweyo nesibindi se-cod.
Abaningi bayazibuza ulwandle lwe-cod noma izinhlanzi zasemfuleni. Impendulo ayithandeki. Ngoba ezinye zezinhlobo zalo ziye zakwazi ukuzijwayeza ukuhlala emanzini amasha.
Ikhodi yomfula cishe akukho okuhlukile kudadewabo wasolwandle, idatha efanayo yangaphandle, indlela efanayo yokuphila nesikhathi sayo. Umehluko wabo kuphela ukuthi i-cod yemithombo yamanzi angavuthwa ngaphambili futhi ayihambi amabanga amade, njengezinhlanzi zolwandle.
Incazelo
Ngokwedlule, i-cod akuyona uhlobo lwezinhlobo, kepha uhlobo olufaka izinhlobo eziningana zezilwane nezinhlobo ezithile. Uthatha indawo elandelayo kwisigaba esamukelwe:
ikilasi - inhlanzi ye-ray
ukulamula -nodoli
umndeni ikhodi
unomusa - amakhodi.
Ngokujwayelekile, ukubukeka kwezinhlanzi zekodishi zasolwandle kungachazwa kanjena:
- Umzimba obunjwe ngeDayimane ngomsila obanzi. Ububanzi obukhulu bufinyelela kancane ngaphezu kwama-pectoral fins.
- Inhloko enkulu ende, umhlathi ophansi mfushane kancanyana kunaphezulu.
- “Amadevu” abonakaliswa yinqubo enamanzi ku-chin (kungahle kungabikho kubamele bokunye okubhaliselwe echibini).
- Amaphisi we-Dorsal - 3, anal - 2.
- Umbala wesimo ukuthi isisu simhlophe, emuva nezinhlangothi zinombala onsundu noma umnqumo (kuya ngezinhlobo), ezinamabala amaningi amnyama. Isikali sincane futhi sibukhali.
Ubungako be-cod buya ngezinhlobo zawo kanye nama-subspecies awo, kanye nobudala. Njengezinye izinhlanzi eziningi, ikhula yonke impilo yayo, futhi iphila kuze kube iminyaka engama-25 (i-Atlantic cod). Abamele lolu hlobo bangafika ku-1.8 m ngobudala, kepha abantu abanjalo abavamile kakhulu. Iningi lezinhlanzi ezinobukhulu obungu-40-80 cm futhi ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-10 ziyabanjwa.
I-cod yasenyakatho isatshalaliswa emanzini azo zonke izilwandle zasenyakatho, izungeze uLwandle i-Arctic ngendandatho. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, igcinwa ekujuleni okungeqi kumamitha ayi-100, eduzane nezwe kanye neziqhingi, futhi igweme ulwandle olungaphansi olungaphansi.
Izinhlobo
Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zama-cod ziyatholakala:
- I-Atlantic
- Ikhodi yePacific
- ihabhu
- Pollock
Kuhlobo oluhlukile, izinhlanzi zasolwandle zomndeni we-cod ziqhakazile - i-Arctic cod, equkethe okubhalwe phansi eqhweni nase-East Siberian. Futhi, ezinhlotsheni zohlobo lwe-Atlantic cod, ososayensi bahlukanisa izingcaphuno ezinjengeBaltic cod, iWhite Sea neKildin. Kukhona izingxabano maqondana nokuhlukaniswa koLwandle Olumhlophe - kusukela lapho kubhekwa khona izazi zesayensi yaseNtshonalanga, lokhu kuyafana nabamele uhlobo lohlobo lweGreenland.
Izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ze-Cod ziyehluka ngosayizi, isikhathi sokuphila, indawo yokuhlala kanye nezinye izinhlaka.Ummeleli omkhulu wohlobo - i-Atlantic, uhlala onqenqemeni lweYurophu naseMelika. Umngcele oseningizimu wobubanzi yiBay of Biscay kanye nesifundazwe saseNingizimu Carolina, ngokulandelana, umngcele osenyakatho uyiBarents Sea neGreenland. Ifinyelela isisindo esikhulu sama-90 kg.
E-Russia, subspecies bayo bahlala, ikakhulukazi i-Kildin ne-Baltic cod. Ukubhaliswa okunje ngeKildinskaya kuyisiphetho seLake Mogilnoye esiqhingini saseKildin (esifundeni saseMurmansk). Kutholakale lapho selokhu kwaqunywa ichibi ngasolwandle yi-rampart yamatshe (cishe iminyaka eyinkulungwane edlule). Ngalesi sikhathi, i-cod ichotshoziwe - ubukhulu bayo bungama-60 cm - futhi yathola umbala ogqamile. I-caviar yayo yajika isuka ezansi yaya kwe-pelagic, ngoba ungqimba lweLiwa leGrave lunobuthi yi-hydrogen sulfide. Singasho ukuthi ngomqondo othile inhlanzi yasemfuleni, ngoba amanzi aphezulu e-5 m eLake Tomb asha. Usawoti kuphela ungqimba oluphakathi.
I-Pacific cod, nayo eyiFar East, nayo iyingxenye yemithombo yezinhlanzi zemvelo zaseRussia. Itholakala emanzini asogwini weBering, Okhotsk kanye nolwandle lwaseJapan. Ihluke kumuntu we-Atlantic ngekhanda elikhudlwana ngokuhlanganiswa nezilinganiso ezincanyana zomzimba, kanye nezici zomzimba zesinye isisihla sokubhukuda. Ubude obujwayelekile buba ngama-50 cm, ama-90 aphezulu.
IGodlandland cod ingenye yezinhlobo eziphilayo ezincane nezifushane kakhulu. Ubude obukhulu buyi-85 cm, ngokwesilinganiso, izinhlanzi ekubambeni zizoba ku-35-40 cm.Uhlala ogwini lwaseGreenland.
Muva nje, i-pollock eyaziwa kakhulu, ehlukaniswa njengohlobo lwekhodoli oluhlukile, kuthiwa yenziwa ngokusemthethweni yizo zonke izinhlanzi ze-cod. Le nhlanzi enjenge-cod ihlala ebangeni ukusuka kuLwandle lwaseJapan kuya ogwini lwe-Alaska. Inomzimba omfushane owakhiwe njengotshani we-torpedo, umbala wangemuva uhluka kusuka kokuphuzi kuya kokumnyama. Inenani eliphansi lokudla okuphansi.
Izinhlobo ezimbili ze-cod yasenyakatho - iqhwa ne-East Siberian - ziveliswa njengezizwe ezahlukile. Lezi yizinhlobo ezincane kunazo zonke, ubude babameleli bazo abudluli isigamu semitha, futhi isisindo asikho ngaphezu kwe-1.5 kg.
Habitat
KuLwandlekazi iPacific, ukhokho utholakala ngamanani amancane, ukusuka eBering Strait kuya eCalifornia. Okuningi kakhulu kunaye eLwandlekazi lwe-Atlantic. Empumalanga ye-Atlantic kuhlala yonke indawo ukusuka eBay of Biscay kuya eLwandle lweBarents, entshonalanga - kusuka eGreenland kuya eNorth Carolina. Itholakala e-Arctic Ocean kuyo yonke indawo enamanzi.
E-Russia, i-cod itholakala e-White, Barents naseKara Seas. Le nhlanzi iyafunda esikoleni, isebenza ezikoleni ezinkulu, ihlala ikakhulu ezingqimbeni ezingaphansi, kepha ngomqondo ophelele akuyona inhlanzi ephansi. Ukujula kwalo okuyintandokazi kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-100, ngakho-ke indawo yokuhlala ifaka phakathi noma hhayi izilwandle ezijulile kakhulu (kufaka phakathi i-desalinated), njenge-Baltic, noma izindawo ezisogwini kanye neshalofu ezwekazini.
Iningi labamele lolu hlobo lithanda amanzi anosawoti, yize amanye - iWhite Sea, iBaltic, iKildim - evumelana namanzi anosawoti olinganiselayo.
Uhlobo nendlela yokuphila yekod
Kokubili imvelo nendlela yokuphila ye-cod ihambisana ngokuphelele nendawo yayo yokuhlala. I-cod yasePacific ithande impilo ehleliwe. Ngesizini, ingafuduka kuphela amabanga amafushane. Esikhathini esibandayo sobusika, bakhetha ukuba kumamitha ayi-30-55. Futhi ngokuqala kokushisa futhi ngomkhumbi uye ogwini.
I-Atlantic cod incike ngokuphelele emifudlaneni yolwandle. Ukufuduka isikhathi eside kuye kuhlelekile kwezinto. Ngesikhathi sokubhukuda okunjalo, izikole zezinhlanzi zinqamula amabanga amade ukusuka ezinhlakalweni ezinwebekayo kuya ekuncomeni. Kwesinye isikhathi afinyelela kumakhilomitha ayi-1.5.
Ikhodi ye-atlantic
ICod ithanda ukubhukuda emanzini ajulile. Kepha, uma edinga ukubamba inyamazane, uvuka engenankinga futhi phezulu. Ngamafuphi, lokhu akuwona neze umhlambi wezinhlanzi. Kepha ungabona imihlambi yayo emikhulu kulezo zindawo lapho kunenala yokudla.
Umsoco
I-Cod ixazulula izinkinga zokudla okunempilo. Kuhamba ngezigaba ezimbili ekuthuthukisweni: i-benthophage kanye nomhlaseli.Izinsizwa zeCod, ngaphambi kokufika eminyakeni engu-3-4 yobudala, zondla ikakhulu ama-crustaceans kanye nama-mollusks kusuka phansi. Amagobolondo e-bivalve mollusks ayizithiyo zezingane ezincane zama-cod, ngakho-ke, njengomthetho, ziluma "imilenze" yazo ekhishwe ngamagobolondo ukuze inyakaze. Ama-clams amancane angagwinywa wonke.
Ngemuva kokusaphaza, i-cod, ngaphezu kwezinhlobo ezincane, ifinyelela usayizi owenele ukushintshela kwindlela yokuphila yomphangi. Isisulu esikhulu i-herring, i-saury, i-capelin, futhi futhi nefry yezinhlobo zazo. Pacific udla navaga, pollock, octopus, crab kanye shrimp.
Izinhlobo ezincane nezinsizwa - i-Arctic, i-Kildim, njll - kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo zingadla ikakhulukazi ama-crustaceans kanye nama-mollusks. Izakhamizi zamachibi zingadla imormysh, izibungu, izibungu zezinambuzane, njll.
Ukuziphatha
Kokubili imvelo nendlela yokuphila ye-cod ihambisana ngokuphelele nendawo yayo yokuhlala. I-cod yasePacific ithande impilo ehleliwe. Ngesizini, ingafuduka kuphela amabanga amafushane. Esikhathini esibandayo sobusika, bakhetha ukuba kumamitha ayi-30-55. Futhi ngokuqala kokushisa futhi ngomkhumbi uye ogwini.
I-Atlantic cod incike ngokuphelele emifudlaneni yolwandle. Ukufuduka isikhathi eside kuye kuhlelekile kwezinto. Ngesikhathi sokubhukuda okunjalo, izikole zezinhlanzi zinqamula amabanga amade ukusuka ezinhlakalweni ezinwebekayo kuya ekuncomeni. Kwesinye isikhathi afinyelela kumakhilomitha ayi-1.5.
ICod ithanda ukubhukuda emanzini ajulile. Kepha, uma edinga ukubamba inyamazane, uvuka engenankinga futhi phezulu. Ngamafuphi, lokhu akuwona neze umhlambi wezinhlanzi. Kepha ungabona imihlambi yayo emikhulu kulezo zindawo lapho kunenala yokudla.
Le yinhlanzi edlayo. Futhi imvelo yakhona yokuzibonakalisa iziveza ineminyaka emithathu. Kuze kube yiminyaka emithathu ubudala, i-cod idla i-plankton kanye nama-crustaceans amancane. Kumuntu omdala, ubumnandi obuthandwayo yi-capelin, i-saury, i-herring, i-saiga, i-sprat futhi incibilike. Phakathi kwezinhlanzi zalolu hlobo lwe-cannibalism kwamukelekile. Ngakho-ke, kaningi izinhlanzi ezinkulu zingadla ezincane.
I-Pacific cod idla i-pollock, i-saffron cod, izibungu kanye nama-mollusks. Ngaphezu kwezinhlanzi, i-cod ingadla ama-invertebrates amancane, anele ngokwanele olwandle.
Ukuziphatha kwale nhlanzi ngezikhathi ezihlukile kuyahluka njengokulandelayo:
- Intwasahlobo (ukuphela kukaFebhuwari - Meyi) yisikhathi sokuluka. Ezinye izinhlobo zithutha amabanga amade, ikakhulukazi, i-Atlantic cod iya ezindaweni ezinwebeka eLofoten Islands. Abanye bamane bathuthele ngaphakathi, baye emngceleni wamanzi afudumele nabandayo.
- Ihlobo. I-Cod idla ekujuleni kwezinhlaka ezingezansi.
- Ukuwa. Lapho izinga lokukhanya nokushisa kwamanzi kwehla, nokujula kuya ngokuya kuba kubi kakhulu, i-cod ihamba emanzini angajulile, lapho kudliwa khona amafutha.
- Ubusika. Ubusika buhlala emanzini angajulile, eshalofini nasendaweni engasogwini.
Izinhlobo ze-Cod zithanda amanzi apholile, kepha kuncike kakhulu ezingeni lokukhanya.
Ukuzalela nokuphila isikhathi eside kwe-cod
Ukuthathwa kweCod kwenzeka eneminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye. Ngo-pollock, konke lokhu kwenzeka kakhulu ngaphambili, ngeminyaka engu-3-4 sebekulungele ukuzala izingane. Kwakungalesi sikhathi lapho izinhlanzi zaqala ukuya emhlabathini owawukhahlazeka.
Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lo umcimbi obalulekile we-cod. Cishe ngamamitha ayi-100 ukujula, izinsikazi ziqala ukuvela. Le nqubo ibambezeleka amasonto ambalwa. Izinsikazi ziphonsa amaqanda izingxenye. Sonke lesi sikhathi owesilisa useduze futhi womquba amaqanda. Lezi ezinye zezinhlanzi ezanda kakhulu. Owesifazane oyedwa angakhukhulula amaqanda ayizigidi ezingama-500 kuya kweziyi-6.
I-Pacific cod roe ihlala olwandle futhi inamathele ezansi kwesitshalo. I-caviar ye-Atlantic cod ihanjiswa kude uye enyakatho yi-yamanje futhi i-fry ikhiqizwa eduze kwezindawo ezisenyakatho. ICod ihlala ngokwesilinganiso esifinyelela eminyakeni engama-25.
Ukusakaza
Ngokuya ngendawo ethile yokuhlala, izimo zokushisa nezinye izinto, amakhodi aqhamuka ngoJanuwari kuya ku-Ephreli noma kusukela ngoMashi kuya kuMeyi. Ngokwesilinganiso, ukuqhekeka kwenzeka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari kuya ekuqaleni kukaMashi.
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zeminyaka yokuzalwa kwe-cod ziyahlukahluka.Umkhawulo ophansi yiminyaka engu-3-4 (i-pollock, ezinye izinhlobo ezincane), ephezulu iyiminyaka engama-7-8 (i-Atlantic cod enkulu). Izinhlobo eziphakathi nendawo ezihlala e-Arctic kanye nasePacific ziyavela lapho zineminyaka emihlanu.
Spawn ekuqhekekeni - kusuka ezinkulungwaneni ezingama-500 kuya kweziyi-6. I-Caviar ibanjwa ngaphansi noma emaphethelweni amanzi aphakathi nendawo, kanti ingxenye enkulu idliwa ezinye izinhlanzi. Imisinga yolwandle ingadala i-caviar kanye nefry kumakhulu amakhilomitha amaningi.
Uhlobo ngalunye lwekhodi, ngaphandle kukaKildin, lunezizathu ezithile zokubekeka.
Ukudoba amakhodi
Ukubamba le nhlanzi bekulokhu kumnandi. Okuhle kunakho konke ukuthi, ukhonkotha esikhungweni esiphilayo, futhi ikakhulukazi ohlala esihlabathini. Indlela efanelekile yokubamba ibhekwa njengokuthi "prying". Kulokhu, ingwegwe ene-bait iphonswa ijule emanzini, khona-ke ivela ngokuqinile futhi ukubamba akuhambi isikhathi eside.
Esithombeni, ukukhonzwa kwe-cod ephekiwe
Ungayipheka kanjani i-cod
Izitsha ze-Posh zingalungiswa kusuka kule nhlanzi. Inambitheka kakhulu futhi inempilo i-cod roe. Ikotini ekheniwe, ekhethiwe, ethosiwe, edliwe, ebilisiwe, enosawoti. Okumnandi amakhodi kuhhavini.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, geza kahle ifilimu, usawoti kanye nopelepele, faka ishidi lokubhaka. Ngokwehlukana, udinga ukuxuba i-servings efanayo ne-mayonesi kanye no-ukhilimu omuncu. Faka ijusi kalamula kanye nesinaphi esincane kule soso.
Thela indibilishi yezinhlanzi nalokhu okuqukethwe bese ubeka isigamu sehora kuhhavini oshisayo. Isitsha simnandi futhi siphilile. Abakwazi nje kuphela ukwahlukanisa imenyu yabo, kodwa futhi bondla umzimba ngezinto eziningi ezisebenzisekayo zokulandela umkhondo le nhlanzi ecebile kuyo.
Izindlela zokudoba
I-Cod iyisisulu samanzi abandayo adla ngokulinganayo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Kepha kungcono ukuyibamba ekwindla nasebusika, lapho ngemuva kwenyamazane yayo - inhlanzi encane - isondela ogwini futhi ime ekujuleni okungamamitha angama-30 nje .. Ngesinye isikhathi nayo ingasondela emlonyeni womfula obanzi, kepha kuyaqabukela. Ngakho-ke, isizini enkulu iqala ngo-Okthoba kuya kuFebhuwari. Kusukela ngoFebhuwari, izinhlanzi ziya ezindaweni ezinwebayo futhi zidaleke ngokujulile. Ngemuva kokusatshalaliswa, ehlobo, ukubamba i-cod kunzima kakhulu, ngoba kugcina kujule kakhulu.
I-Cod ibanjwa ukukhanya kosuku, ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe kumabhange esihlabathi.
Yiluphi igiya nethiythi okufanele uyithathe?
Njengoba kugayelwa igiya elikhulu:
- ukuvela okusansimbi noma i-fiberglass kuze kufike ku-2.4 m ubude,
- umugqa wokudoba - ukulima u-0,25-0.4 mm, ubude kuze kufike ku-150 m,
- umsele wamanzi anosawoti omelana ne-baitcasting,
- i-tee hook No. 12-14 ekuxebeni,
- igobongo lokudonsa inyamazane.
Abathandi bezokudoba abasezingeni eliphezulu bathanda ukuzingela ama-cod kunoma yikuphi ukudoba okuthule, ngoba isikhathi siyindiza siyofuna umhlambi wezinhlanzi zamakhodi. Ukudoba i-cod kusuka ekujuleni kwamamitha angamashumi amahlanu kuwukuzivocavoca okukhulu komzimba kanye nokuxineka ngokomzwelo. Ama-Angler alungele ukunikeza okuningi nge-adrenaline enjalo.
Njengokudla izithiyo, ama-spinner afana nezinhlanzi ezincane ezinomzimba omncane, njenge-herring, ayanconywa. Ungasebenzisa isheyizi sezinhlanzi - izinhlanzi ezinjengesiheho, kanye nenyama yezinhlanzi ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi nekhodi ngokwayo. Kuphakanyiswa nenyama yezimbaza, amanye ama-mollusks, izicabucabu, njll. Inyama yalezi zilwane idla i-cod ngentokozo ekhethekile.
Ungatusa futhi abashayeli bezindiza - obomvu nokuluhlaza lapho kunamafu, noma isiliva negolide le-orange esimweni sezulu esishisayo.
Izakhiwo
I-Cod yinhlanzi edliwayo enamaprotheni amaningi futhi ephansi emafutheni. Le nhlanzi ingafakwa ekudleni kunoma ngubani ongafuni ukuba nezinkinga zokukhuluphala. Ngakho-ke, i-cod izoba wusizo kubantu abakhuluphele, okubaluleke kakhulu kubo ukunciphisa inani lokudla okunamafutha kanye nama-carbohydrate, futhi abanazinhlanzi nhlobo.
I-Cod yenani lomsoco iqhathaniswa nenyama, ngaphandle komehluko kokuqukethwe kwamafutha nokulandela umkhondo njenge-iron. Ngakho-ke, labo abaphethwe yi-anemia akufanele bakhiphe inyama ekudleni kwabo. I-Cod ngeke ikwazi ukubuyisa ngokugcwele amasheya e-iron. Uma i-iron iza ngobuningi ngenxa yeminye imikhiqizo yokudla (imifino, izithelo ezomisiwe, isibindi), izinhlanzi kuphela ezingasetshenziswa njengokudla kwamaprotheni.
Iwusizo
I-Cod ingumkhiqizo onempilo kakhulu ongayishintsha ngokuphelele inyama. Kepha ngokungafani nenyama, inhlanzi inamafutha amancane ne-cholesterol emibi kakhulu. Inyama yenhlanzi yiprotheyini edonsa kalula edayidwa ngokushesha futhi engadingi izindleko ezengeziwe zamandla. Ngakho-ke, i-cod kufanele ifakwe ekudleni njengokudla kwamaprotheni ezingane, iziguli kanye nabantu abasesikhathini sokusebenza lapho umzimba ubuyiselwa. Ngenxa yokubakhona enyameni yawo wonke ama-amino acid adingekayo, umzimba womuntu awunhlupheki ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezinto zokwakha.
- I-Cod ilungele ukukhuluphala. Inyama yakhe iqukethe kuphela amagremu angama-0,6 wamafutha, okuyi-1% yesibonelelo sansuku zonke. Ngakho-ke, kuyinto efiselekayo ukudla i-cod kulabo abafuna ukubhekana ngokweqile nokukhuluphala, ngaphandle ngasikhathi sinye sokudonsa imizimba yabo ekuntuleni kwamaprotheni, amavithamini kanye namaminerali. Njengoba i-cod isuthisa ngokushesha umzimba kanti nenyama yayo iqukethe amakhalori angama-69 kuphela, ingumkhiqizo wokudla. Kepha inyama ye-cod ngeke isize ngokukhuluphala uma usebenzisa inani elikhulu lokunye ukudla okunokuqukethwe kwekhalori okuningi nayo.
- Okuqukethwe okunamafutha amancane enhlanzi kuchaza ukuthi kungani kuwusizo ezifweni zesibindi. Kepha lokhu akusebenzi esibindini naku-cod roe, lapho okuqukethwe okunamafutha kuphezulu impela.
- I-Iodine, etholakala ngamanani anele ku-cod, inomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwengqondo. Ukudla okwanele kwe-iodine kubaluleke kakhulu ngenkathi kusungulwa umzimba - ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nangesikhathi sokukhula kwengane esivele izelwe. I-Iodine inomphumela onenzuzo ekukhuleni kwengqondo kwezingane.
- I-Cod inegalelo kusebenze kwezinqubo zokwenziwa kwegazi. Ngenxa yamavithamini namaminerali aqukethe kuwo, igazi lijiya, futhi ukuqina kwegazi kuyanda. Le ndawo ibalulekile ekulimaleni lapho kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwegazi.
- Ukufakwa njalo kwenyama ye-cod ekudleni kuyindlela enhle yokuvimbela izifo zepheshana lesisu. Umphumela wokwelapha izinhlanzi ubangelwa ukuba khona kwe-niacin kuyo - uvithamini B3. Kepha le vithamini ayinawo amandla okunqwabelana emzimbeni, ngakho-ke kufanele ifakwe ngendlela efanele ngaphandle kwesikhathi eside. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-cod isebenza njengomthombo wayo omuhle kakhulu.
- Ngenxa yokuba khona kwama-antioxidants anamandla ku-cod, amavithamini amaningi kanye namaminerali, kuhlinzeka ukubukeka okunempilo kwizipikili, izinwele nesikhumba. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba impilo yabo kulula ukuyigcina ngokunembile isuka “ngaphakathi”.
- I-Cod inomthelela oqinisayo emisipha yenhliziyo. I-Magnesium, i-potassium ne-sodium iyondla futhi ivimbele ukukhula kwesifo senhliziyo. Inhlanzi ukuvikela okuhle ekuhlaselweni yinhliziyo.
- I-Potassium yinto ethatha ingxenye enkulu ekuphefumuleni kwamaseli obuchopho. Ngokuthuthuka ekunikezelweni kwe-oksijini, kusetshenziswa imisebenzi yezengqondo, ukusebenza kwengqondo kuyanda.
Ezinhlanzini, ngaso sonke isikhathi ungathola isibindi esiqukethe amavithamini A amaningi no-D. Cod isibindi sisiza ezinganeni ngesikhathi sokukhula nakubantu abahlushwa ama-rickets noma ukusweleka kwamavithamini angenhla.
Kuyingozi
Naphezu kwezinzuzo ezitholwa yinyama yamakhodi kubantu, kufanele ikhawulelwe ekudleni kubantu abane-cholelithiasis ne-urolithiasis. Ngokusetshenziswa njalo kwale nhlanzi, isimo seziguli singase sibe sibi.
Akudingekile ukufaka inyama ye-cod ekudleni kulabo abangabekezeleleki kwayo ngakunye. Izinhlanzi ezinosawoti, kufaka phakathi isibindi ne-caviar, azifiseleki ezinganeni, abesifazane abakhulelwe kanye nabantu abanomfutho wegazi ophakeme.
I-Cod yinhlanzi engakwazi ukuqongelela izinsimbi ezisindayo - i-mercury ne-arsenic. Lezi zinto zinomphumela onobuthi emzimbeni womuntu. Kuyinto engathandeki ikakhulukazi ukudla izinhlanzi kwabesifazane abakhulelwe nezingane. Iphephile ibhekwa njengezinhlanzi ezibanjwe ogwini lwe-Alaska.
Isibindi ne-caviar yezinhlanzi kuyinto engathandeki ukudliwa kulabo abahlupheka ngokweqile kwe-Vitamin D ne-calcium.
Izifo namagciwane
I-Cod ithambekele ezifweni eziyizinambuzane ngisho nangaphezu kwezinye izinhlanzi zasemanzini. AmaHelminths ayakwazi ukushintsha izitho ngazinye nesitho senhlanzi. Ama-tapeworms, ama-flukes, ama-trematode namanye ama-parasites ayingozi kubantu. Kungakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukucubungula ngokucophelela izinhlanzi ngaphambi kokudla futhi ungalandeli imfashini ye-cuisine yaseJapan.
I-Cod - incazelo nezimpawu zezinhlanzi. Ngabe ibukeka kanjani amakhodi?
Izinhlanzi ze-Cod zikhula kuyo yonke impilo yazo, kanti izinhlanzi eziningi ngeminyaka engu-3 zikhula zibe yisilinganiso esingu-40-50 cm ubude.Isayizi lezinhlobo zama-cod avuthiwe ngokuya ngohlu lwazo, abamele abakhulu kakhulu bezinhlobo zamakhodi ase-Atlantic bafinyelela ku-1.8-2 m ubude. kepha isisindo se-cod singaba ngu-96 kg.
Umzimba we-cod uhlukaniswa ngesimo sefusform ende. I-anal fins 2, dorsal 3. Inhloko yenhlanzi inkulu, imihlathi enobukhulu obuhlukahlukene - ephansi imfushane kunalena engenhla. I-meaty tendril eyodwa ikhula ku-chin.
Isikali se-cod sincane futhi senziwe i-serated. Umhlane ungafakwa imibala eluhlaza okotshani omnqumo, ophuzi ngombala oluhlaza okotshani noma onsundu ngombala onamabala amancane ansundu. Izinhlangothi zilula kakhulu, isisu se-cod simsulwa mhlophe noma ngesimo sokukhalipha.
Izinhlanzi ezihlala isikhathi eside phakathi kwezinhlanzi yi-Atlantic cod, ezinye zazo ezikwaziyo kuphila iminyaka engama-25. I-cod yasePacific ihlala ngokwesilinganiso cishe iminyaka eyi-18, i-Greenland cod - iminyaka eyi-12. Isikhathi sokuphila seKodin cod yiminyaka eyi-7 kuphela.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Cod
- I-Codfish (IGadasi) - Uhlobo
- I-Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) - Ukubuka. Ukubhaliswa:
- I-Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua morhua)
- Ikhodi kaKildin (Gadus morhua kildinensis)
- I-Baltic cod (Gadus morhua callarias)
- I-White Sea cod (UGadus morhua marisalbi) (Ngokusho kwemithombo yaseRussia, ivezwe njengengxenye ye-Atlantic. Ngokusho kwemithombo yakwamanye amazwe, iyafana nehabhu lekhodi)
- I-Pacific cod (I-Gadus macrocephalus) - Ukubuka
- I-Greenland Cod (UGadus ogac) - Ukubuka
- I-Pollock (I-Gadus chalcogrammus) - Ukubuka
- I-Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) - Ukubuka. Ukubhaliswa:
- I-Arctic cod (I-Arctogadus) - Uhlobo
- I-Ice cod (I-Arctogadus glacialis) - Ukubuka
- I-Cod East Siberian (I-Arctogadus borisovi) - Ukubuka
Izinhlobo zekhodi, amagama nezithombe
Ukuhlukaniswa kwamanje kufaka izinhlobo ezimbalwa kanye nokubhalwe phansi kwe-cod, okunokuhlukahluka okuhlobene nendawo yokuhlala:
I-Atlantic cod(Gadus morhua)
izinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu ze-cod, ubude obuphakathi kwabadala bu malunga ne-1 m, ubukhulu bungamamitha ayi-2, isisindo se-cod singafinyelela ku-96 kg. I-Atlantic cod itholakala endaweni efudumele yoLwandlekazi lwe-Atlantic futhi, ngokuya ngendawo ethile, yakha izingxenyana eziningi ezitholakala kusukela eBay of Biscay kuya olwandle iBarents, kanye nokusuka eNorth Carolina kuya eGreenland.
Ukulandelwa kwekhodi ye-Atlantic:
- i-atlantic cod (Gadus morhua morhua)
Ubungako obuphambili bomzimba wezinhlanzi ezineminyaka engama-5 ukuya kwengama-10 cm buvela kuma-40 kuye kwangama-80 cm, abantu asebekhulile bafinyelele kubude obuyi-1,6-1,8 m. Umbala wangemuva wekhodi ulawulwa yimibala yamathoni aluhlaza, omnqumo noma onsundu afakwe amabala amancane ampunga- i-brown tint. Isisu simhlophe noma siphuzi kancane.
- Ikhodi kaKildin (Gadus morhua kildinensis)
uyisakhamuzi saseChibi iMogilnoye eliyingqayizivele, esifundeni saseMurmansk esiqhingini saseKildin futhi okuyisikhumbuzo sendalo se-hydrological yemvelo. Ukwahluka kwalesi siqiwi ukuthi amanzi echibini anezinga likasawoti elihlukile: ungqimba olungaphezulu komhlaba cishe lusha, ungqimba oluphakathi luyafana namanzi olwandle, kanti ungqimba olungaphansi lwamanzi lunosawoti omningi futhi lugcwele i-hydrogen sulfide. ICod yavela kuleli gumbi ngekhulu le-10, lapho kwakuyichibi elivamile lolwandle. Ngemuva kwalokho ichibi laqedwa olwandle ngomzila wamatshe, ungqimba olungaphezulu lwamanzi lwachithwa, futhi i-cod yaqhubeka nokuhlala eGrave Lake, yehlela phakathi, ungqimba olunosawoti wamanzi, cishe u-4 m ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kokudla okuncane kakhulu, i-Kildin cod, ngokuqhathaniswa zonke ezinye izinhlobo zinomlomo omncane nemihlathi emifushane. Ubungako bomzimba wekhodi buncane: abesilisa bakhula babe ngamasentimitha angama-50 ubude, izinsikazi zifinyelele kuma-40 cm.Ikhodi enkulu kakhulu kaKildin efinyelela kubude obungama-70 cm enesisindo somzimba esingu-2,5 kg. Isici esihlukile sangaphansi kokubhalwa kombala ngumbala ogqamile kune-Atlantic cod. Abamele lokhu okubhalwe phansi abakwazi ukuhlala kwezinye izindawo, futhi ukungcoliswa kwechibi nokubanjwa okungalawulwa kwale nhlanzi kuholele ekhefini lakwaKildin. Njengamanje, okubhalwe phansi kufinyelela amashumi amaningana abantu futhi kuvikelwe umbuso waseRussia.
- I-Baltic cod (Gadus morhua callarias)
Ihlala ngamanani amakhulu maphakathi neLwandle iBaltic, empumalanga yesiqhingi iBornholm. Kuyinto evamile kancane eGulf of Finland naseBothnia. Ubukhulu bomzimba abudluli ku-80-100 cm ubude, futhi isisindo se-cod si-11-12 kg.
- I-White Sea cod (UGadus morhua marisalbi)
Ngokusho kwemithombo yaseRussia, ivelele njengenye yezindawo ezisetshenziswayo ze-Atlantic cod. Ngokusho kwemithombo yakwamanye amazwe, kubhekwe njengegama elifanayo ne-bowhead cod. Indawo yokuhlala enkulu yezindawo ezinabantu abaningi okuyi-Kandalaksha Bay yoLwandle Olumhlophe, ukunqwabelana okumbalwa kwe-White Sea cod kuhlala e-Onega naseDvina bays. Umbala womzimba we-White Sea cod umnyama kakhulu kunobo be-Atlantic cod, ubukhulu buhlukahluka kusuka ku-55 kuye ku-60 cm.
Ikhodi yePacific(I-Gadus macrocephalus)
ihlukile kune-Atlantic ngesimo senhloko enkulu nebanzi, kepha ngosayizi omncane womzimba. Futhi, i-cod yasePacific ihlukile kunesakhiwo se-Atlantic sesakhiwo sangaphandle sombhalo esiphezu kwangaphandle yesibhuku sokubhukuda, esifushane kakhulu kunaleso se-Atlantic cod. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-cod yasePacific ayizange iwathele amaqanda e-pelagic, kodwa phansi, inamathela. Ubude obuphakathi kukakhodishi wePacific buqhamuka ku-45 kuye ku-90 cm, akufinyeleli ku-120 cm. Isisindo, njengomthetho, asidluli kuma-22.7 kg. Indawo yokuhlala yezinhlobo idlula ezifundeni ezisenyakatho zoLwandlekazi iPacific: ngokusebenzisa iBering, Okhotsk kanye nolwandle lwaseJapan. I-Cod idla i-pollock, i-navaga kanye nezinye izinhlanzi, i-shrimp, crabs, izibungu kanye nama-octopus.
I-harp khodi(UGadus ogac)
Uhlobo lwe-cod olwemukelwa yibo bonke ososayensi njengezinhlobo ezihlukile futhi oluvame ukubonwa njengolohlobo lwe-Pacific cod. Ubungqabavu balezi zinhlobo bungakanani bomzimba waso omncane (ubude obukhulu bekhodishi yaseGreenland abudluli ku-75-80 cm). Izinhlobo zivame ngasogwini lwaseGreenland. I-Cod idla izinhlanzi ezincane nama-invertebrates.
Pollock(I-Gadus chalcogrammus)
Abamele izinhlobo zezinhlobo bahlukaniswa ngumzimba omncane kunobuncane, obude bawo bungavamile ukuba ngaphezu kwama-90 cm, nesisindo - 4-4,5 kg. Umbala wangemuva we-pollock uyahlukahluka ukusuka ekukhanyeni kuya kumpunga omnyama, ucishe waba mnyama. Izinhlangothi nesisu zimhlophe, akuvamisile ukuba nokukhamuluka okuncane, kwesinye isikhathi kumbozwe ngezicucu zombala omnyama. Uhlobo luvame oLwandlekazi iPacific, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni yalo esenyakatho. I-Pollock ihlala olwandle oluseJapan naseBering Seas, emabhokisini e-Alaska naseMonterey, kanye naseLwandle i-Okhotsk.
Izinhlobo ezimbili ze-cod zikhonjwa kuhlobo oluhlukile, i-Arctic cod (Arctogadus). Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinhlobo zezinhlobo zama-cod:
I-Ice cod (I-Arctogadus glacialis)
ihlala ikakhulu engxenyeni esentshonalanga yamanzi o-Arctic Ocean, ngasogwini olusenyakatho nolusentshonalanga yeGreenland, abantu abambalwa kakhulu batholakala enyakatho yeBering Strait nasemanzini aseduze nase-Wrangel Island. Ubude bomzimba we-ice cod, obupendiwe ngamathoni ampunga, awudluli ku-30-32 cm.Ikhanda lenhlanzi likhulu, Amehlo makhulu, i-antenna esilevini ikhule kabi kakhulu noma ingahle ingekho ngokuphelele. Ngokuyisisekelo, i-ice cod idla ku-plankton.
ICod East Siberian (izimpaphe eziyisishiyagalolunye) (I-Arctogadus borisovi)
izinhlanzi ezihlala ogwini lwaseGreenland, eNyakatho Melika kanye naseSiberia (empumalanga ye-Yenisei Gulf yamanzi ajulile). Kude nolwandle kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala eduzane neziqhingi zaseNovosibirsk nasenyakatho yeBering Strait. Abantu abadala bafinyelela kubude obu-52-56 cm, kuyilapho isisindo singeqi ku-1.5 kilos. Ama-Cod adla ama-crustaceans - ama-maids nama-amphipods, abantu abakhulu badla i-cod encane.
Indlela yokuphila ye-cod
Indlela yokuphila ye-cod iqonde ngqo endaweni yokuhlala. Uhlobo lwe-cod lwePacific luhola impilo yokuhlala, ukufuduka ngezikhathi ezithile kwenzeka emabangeni amafushane: ebusika izikole zezinhlanzi zihamba ziye kumamitha angama-30-60, lapho kuqala isizini efudumele ibuyela ogwini.
Impilo ye-Atlantic cod ihlobene kakhulu nokwamanje kolwandle, lokhu kungenxa yokufuduka kwesikhathi eside, kuphoqa izikole zezinhlanzi ukuba zihambe amabanga kuze kufike ku-1,500 km ukusuka ezinhlafunweni ezinwebekayo ziya ezindaweni zokuzondla.
Ngabe kudlani amakhodi?
Izinhlobo ezincane zama-cod ziba ngabazingeli ngeminyaka engu-3-4, nangaphambi kwalokho, izingane zizidla ngama-plankton nama cr craceans amancane. Isisekelo sokudla kwezinhlobo zabantu abadala be-Atlantic cod siqukethe izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlanzi: i-capelin, i-herring, i-polod cod, i-saury, i-sprat, i-smelt, kanye nabantu abancane nabaphakathi kwenhlobo yabo. Ehlobo, i-krill kanye ne-bivalves yengezwe kwimenyu enkulu, lapho ukhuni uluma emilenzeni ikhuphuka kusuka egobolondweni.
Amakhowe ePacific adla nge-pollock, i-navaga, izibungu, ama-mollusks nama-crustaceans.
I-Kildin cod idla izimbuzane, abamele i-crayfish ephakeme, izibungu zepolychaete, izinsimbi zomiyane, ukuncibilika kwabasha ne-oyfish.
Abasha abasebancane be-pollock bondla ikakhulukazi kwi-plankton enama-crustaceans amancane. Njengoba ikhula, inhlanzi iqala ukudla inyamazane ebabazekayo ngosayizi: i-capelin, squid, i-smelt. Amacala we-cannibalism ahlala njalo ephakathi kwabamele izinhlobo zezilwane: abantu abadala badla i-fry yezinhlobo zabo.
Indima yomlando
Ngenxa yokuthi okuqukethwe kwamafutha enhlanzi akunakugwenywa, inyama yayo inezici eziningi ezizuzisayo nezisebenzayo:
- ngeke ube munyu
- hhayi oxid
- igcinwe isikhathi eside
- uma ngaphansi kukasawoti nokomiswa, kugcinwe isikhathi eside.
Lezi zindawo zidlale indima enkulu ezimpilweni zabantu abahlala eYurophu, eMelika kanye nasenyakatho neRussia. Izinhlanzi ezinamathelayo, isitoko sezinhlanzi - okubizwa ngo-cod ezinsukwini zakudala.
Izidumbu zazinosawoti futhi zomiswa ngendlela ekhethekile, evumela ukuthi inyama igcinwe isikhathi eside. Ezinyangeni ezintathu, le nhlanzi ebimisiwe yayishaywa ngumoya ivela kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, ngenkathi ilahlekelwa ngumswakama ongafika kuma-80%
Ukwenza inyama ebilisiwe ithambe, yayishaywa. Onke amavithamini, amafutha enempilo, ama-acid agcinwa. AmaViking, athola iMelika eminyakeni engama-500 ngaphambili kuneColumbus, ngokusho kwemininingwane yomlando, ayecabanga ngeyokuqala, futhi kwesinye isikhathi okuwukuphela kokudla emkhunjini, amakhodo omisiwe.
ICod ibambe iqhaza elibalulekile emlandweni wamazwe ase-Europe. Isonto labamba iqhaza elibalulekile empilweni yamaKhristu; ukuzila ukudla bekuyingxenye ebalulekile yezimpilo zabantu. Inyama yayivinjelwe kulezi zinsuku, kanti nezinhlanzi ezomile azivinjwanga.
AmaFulentshi, amaSpain, kanye nabaseBrithani babethatha uhambo olude beyothenga inqwaba yama-cod bese beyiyisa emazweni abo.
Izici ezihlukile zomndeni
Ngenxa yokuthi abamele le nhlobo bakhula kuyo yonke impilo, ubude bemizimba yabo bungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-2. Isici esiyinhloko esithinta usayizi wezinhlanzi kubhekwa njengendawo yokuhlala. Okukhulu kunabo bonke abantu abahlala oLwandlekazi i-Atlantic.
Umzimba we-cod unobukhulu obukhulu phakathi nendawo futhi kancane kancane udonsa emaphethelweni, ngakho-ke lesi sakhiwo sasibizwa ngokuthi-spindle-shape. Isembozo esingaphezulu sesikhumba simbozwe izikali ezinhle nezicucekile.
Emuva ingxenye emnyama yesidumbu futhi ingaba nsundu, ibomvana mphuzi noma ibe nsundu ngombala. Eduze nesisu, umbala uyakhanya. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi umbala womzimba uyi-pelagic. Amabloksi ansundu asibekela izingxenye ezilandelanayo nezisemuva kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokwenza imibala.
Izici ezihlukile yilezi: i-meaty tendril etholakala emhlathini ongezansi, ophawuleka kancane kunaphezulu nangokuthi khona kwama-anal amabili ne-dorsal fins amabili.
Ukudla
Kungani sterlet encwadini ebomvu
Izinhlanzi eziku-oda lwe-cod, ngaphandle kokunye, zingabazingeli.
Emncane, adla ama-invertebrates angaphansi: ama-crustaceans, shrimp, kanye nezibungu. Njengoba ukhula, indlela odla ngayo iyashintsha.Manje isisekelo sabo yinhlanzi encane, okubandakanya abamele imindeni yabo. Isibonelo, i-cod idla ngentshiseko i-pollock encane. IHaddock imvamisa iba yisisulu sokuba mhlophe ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Abamele abancane be-oda (ama-gadicule, ama-cod) badla ama-plankton nama-bentonic crustaceans, kepha kwesinye isikhathi baphambanisa imenyu ngo-Fry noma i-caviar evela kubafowabo.
I-pollock enamandla eqinile izingelwa ngumhlambi. Umsindo we-jamb kwesinye isikhathi uzwakala ngaphezulu kwechibi
I-Cannibalism ivame kakhulu phakathi kwezinhlanzi zamakhodi: izingane zazo uqobo zivame ukuba izisulu zazo.
Iqiniso elihehayo! Amafutha anqwabelene afakwa ezinhlanzini zikakhokho esibindini, azitholele indawo eningi ewusizo. Kuhlanganiswe namavithamini, ama-macro- kanye nama-microelements, ama-amino acid abalulekile, isibindi siwusizo njenge-prophylaxis kanye nokwelashwa kwezifo ezahlukahlukene.
Izimo nezindawo zokuhlala
Imvelo yalolu hlobo ifuneka kakhulu kwezinye izimo zokuphila:
- izinga lokushisa lamanzi,
- inkathi,
- usawoti wamanzi
- ukuhleleka mpo kwendawo yokuhlala,
- ukuqhuma.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-cod ithathwa njengomuntu ohlala phansi, ayihambi olwandle olujulile ekujuleni okukhulu, ikhetha ukuhlala endaweni esogwini. Amazinga okushisa amanzi afinyelela ku-0,5 degrees. Amazinga okushisa aphansi abangela ukungaphatheki kahle, okuphoqa ukuthi izinhlanzi zikhuphuke ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zamanzi. Ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa - kukwenza uye ezansi ekujuleni noma ucashe emadwaleni.
Kuya ngesizini, ukufuduka ngezikhathi ezithile kwenzeka: ebusika - eningizimu-ntshonalanga maqondana nokwamanje, ehlobo - enyakatho-empumalanga kanye nokwamanje. Isizathu yimisinga yolwandle nolwandle.
Ngokuya ngohlobo lwe-cod, kunezinkomba ezithile zikasawoti. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, usawoti we-33-35% uzobhekwa njengesinkomba esihle kakhulu se-Pacific cod.
Ukuhlukaniswa nezinhlobonhlobo
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zekhodi. Ziyahluka ngosayizi, umbala nezinye izici ezihambisana nesimo sezemvelo. Lapho ebuzwa ukuthi i-cod iyilwandle noma inhlanzi yasemfuleni, izinhlobo zezinhlobo zezilwane kufanele zibhekwe. Iningi labameleli lihlala emanzini anosawoti.
I-Atlantic cod ibhekwa njengezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke. Ingakhula ifike ku-1−2 m, usayizi omaphakathi awudluli ku-80 cm. Ama-subspecies aseklasikhi anombala oluhlaza okotshani. Izinhlobo zeKildin zihlala endaweni yaseRussia, esifundeni saseMurmansk, sinosayizi omncane. Kuyiqiniso, imizamo yokuxazululwa kwezinye iziqiwi ayiphumelelanga. I-cod yasenyakatho yeBaltic ikhula ibe ngu-1 m. Isisindo sayo sivama ngaphezu kwe-10 kg.
I-cod yasePacific inenhloko ebanzi, enkulu kakhulu kunesakhamuzi sase-Atlantic Ocean. Ubude buhlukahluka kusuka ku-45 kuye ku-90 cm. Isisindo somzimba singafinyelela kuma-22 kg. Le khodi yolwandle itholakala emanzini oLwandle lwase-Okhotsk, Japan, kanye nolwandle iBering. Kukhona ne-subspecies yaseGreenland, abanye abacwaningi abayikhetha njengezinhlobo ezihlukile.
Okunye okuhlukahlukene yi-arctic. Le nhlanzi ihlala olwandle i-Arctic. Ukubhaliswa okuningana kweMpumalanga neqhwa kuyabonakala, okubonakala ngombala ompunga. Osayizi mncane, ubude bomzimba obukhulu bungama-55 cm, isisindo - hhayi ngaphezulu kwe-1 kg.
Okuwukuphela kodoti wamanzi amnandi yi-burbot. Leli lungu lomndeni lingumhlaseli ophansi.
Izici zokudla okunomsoco kwe-cod encane kanye neyabantu abadala
Izinhlanzi ezingaphansi kweminyaka emithathu zithathwa njengezincane. Izinyanga eziyisithupha zokuqala, i-fry feed e-plankton. Ngemuva kokuthola isisindo nokuthola amandla, babuthana emhlambini bese behlela ezansi, lapho ama-crustaceans amancane kanye nama-mollusks esebenza njengokudla okuyinhloko iminyaka emibili. Iminyaka engu-3-4, i-cod ihlala iyindlela yokulinganisa. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, uba umhlaseli ongadeleli ukuluma ngohlobo lwakhe, njengoba abantu abakhulu bedla okuncane.
Ukudla kuncike esikhathini sonyaka. Ehlobo, ukhokho uzingela ekujuleni kolwandle olungaphansi.Ukudla kule nkathi kwehluka kakhulu: i-sprat, i-smelt, i-capelin, i-saury, i-polod cod, i-herring, ama-invertebrates amancane, ama-crustaceans, ama-mollusks.
Njengoba ubusika busondela, izinga lokukhanya nokushisa liyancipha. Ngakho-ke, abakhileyo ekujuleni bashintsha indawo yokuhlala yabo futhi bathuthele emanzini angajulile, lapho bathulu khona. Ubusika benzeka ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo.
Entwasahlobo kuza isikhathi esivulekile.
Ngokuya ocwaningweni, ososayensi baphetha ngokuthi abasizi abaphambili ekutholeni ukudla ukuthinta nokudlidliza kwamanzi okwenziwe yisisulu.
Isikhathi sokuzala
Ukuhluma kwenzeka ezinyangeni zasentwasahlobo: Mashi-Meyi. Abesifazane banokuzibandakanya kwabesifazane abafinyelele ku-55-85 cm ubude. Ukuvuthwa kwabesilisa kungama-50-80 cm ubude.
Ukuqalwa kwe-cod kuncike ezicini eziningana:
- indawo yokuhlala,
- izimo zokushisa
- uhlobo lwenhlanzi.
Iminyaka yowesifazane ngesikhathi sokuzalela ingahluka kusuka eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwengu-8, emadodeni kusuka eminyakeni emi-4 kuye kweli-9.
Ukuphonswa kweCaviar kwenzeka ngaphezulu kwamaviki ambalwa, ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-100, ngezingxenye. I-Cod yinhlanzi eyandayo ekwazi ukudonsa amaqanda afinyelela ezigidini eziyisithupha.
Uhlobo ngalunye lwamakhodi lunezindawo zalo ezinwebekayo. Abanye bathatha uhambo olukhulu - ukufuduka, ukuze babeke amaqanda, abanye bahlala ezindaweni zabo futhi babeke amaqanda ngokujula kwamamitha ayi-100. Ngemuva kwalokho, amaqanda acwila aze abheke phansi emhlabathini futhi anamathele ezilwanyelweni zasemanzini. Amaqanda e-Atlantic cod athathwe ulwandle kude kuye enyakatho.
Ezifundeni zasenyakatho, ukuqhakaza kwenzeka ekujuleni okukhulu kwentwasahlobo. Ezindaweni ezinamanzi afudumele - ukuqhekeka kwenzeka ezindaweni ezisogwini ebusika.
Inani lokudoba
Indawo yokudoba ye-pollack ihola phambili (ifinyelela kuma-43% ekubanjisweni kwenhlanzi okuphelele). Manje ukubanjwa okwenziwa minyaka yonke kungamathani ayizigidi eziyi-1,6. Inhlanzi zeFillet zithunyelwa eSouth Korea, eJalimane, ePoland naseNetherlands.
Ukubamba okwenziwa ekhaya okwenziwe u-whiting oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kungamathani ayisigidi esisodwa ngonyaka. Inhlanzi iqhubeka ithengiswa lonke noma njengefilidi. Ukunambitheka kwenhlanzi kumnandi, kufana ne-hake, ukuthungwa kwenyama kuthambile kunalokho okwenziwe nge-pollock.
Izinhlobo ezisele zibanjwa ngamanani amancane, kepha azinambitheki kangako futhi ziyafuneka kwabathengi. Ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwesibalo se-cod, kungahle kuthengiswe ngezikhathi ezithile ngamanani amancane.
Umkhiqizo ongadoti
Ngemuva kohambo olude lomlando, i-cod iye yathandwa kakhulu kubantu bomhlaba wonke. Abantu bafunde ukusebenzisa zonke izinhlanzi ngaphandle kokulandela umkhondo. Ikhanda, amathumbu, amathambo, izibilini, izihlakala - akukho okukhishwe ngaphandle.
Imikhiqizo yesikhumba yezilwane zasolwandle ibhekwa njengexakile. Kubantu abaningi abacebile, izinto ezinjalo ziyinkomba yesimo sabo esiphakeme.
Ngenxa yobuchwepheshe besimanje, isikhumba sisetshenziselwa ukwenza izikhwama, izicathulo, izingubo, ama-raincoats, ama-mittens, njll. Isikhumba sibonisa ngokuqina, ukuqina, kanye nokuphikisana kwamanzi.
Ukufakwa ngaphakathi kusiza kakhulu uma kusetshenziselwa izinhloso zasengadini, njengomanyolo.
Imisebenzi yobuciko ekhexisayo ilungiswa ngabapheki abanolwazi, besebenzisa ikhanda namathambo afakwe ubisi omuncu njengezithako.
Shono i-cod ibizwa ngokuthi "yisipho sikaNkulunkulu."
Indawo yokugcina amavithamini nezakhi zomzimba
Enye yezinto ezibalulekile ze-cod inani layo lokudla, lithathwa kalula futhi lusetshenziswe uhlelo lokugaya ukudla. Kunama-gramu ayi-0.04 we-cholesterol kuphela amagremu ayi-100 enyama.
Uhlu lwamavithamini, izinto ezincane kanye nama-macro, amafutha kanye nama-asidi akha abamele lolu hlobo.
Amavithamini eqembu B (B1, B2, B6, B9, B12) | Zithuthukisa impilo, inkumbulo, imizwa, ukwakheka kwezinwele, izipikili, isikhumba, zakha amaseli abomvu egazi, ziqinisekise ukwelashwa okufanele kwamaprotheni, zisheshise ukuvuselelwa kwesikhumba, zenze uhlelo lwezinzwa oluyinkimbinkimbi lube khona, |
Vitamin A | Inikeza ukukhula kwamaseli amasha, ukuvimbela ukuguga, isekela umbono, uhlelo lwamathambo lwamazinyo. |
Vitamin E | Isusa ama-radicals wamahhala, ivimbela izifo zamehlo, igqugquzela ukunqwabelana kwevithamini A. |
Vitamin C | Kuvikela ezifweni ezingatheleleki. |
Vitamin H | Ijwayelekile ukulala nokudla. |
IVithamini PP | I-cholesterol ephansi, ibandakanyeka ezinqubweni ze-metabolic. |
I-calcium, potassium | Bamba iqhaza ekwakhekeni kwamathambo, usize ukubhekana nokungezwani komzimba, ukwehlisa ubuthi. Kubaluleke kakhulu ezinganeni. |
Magnesium | Umthombo wamandla. |
Isodiyamu | Ijwayele umfutho wegazi, izinga lamamanzi kanye ne-acidity emzimbeni. |
I-Fluorine | Kuthuthukisa imetabolism. |
Isibabule | Ihlanza igazi. |
I-Chlorine | Ukwakhiwa kwe-Hydrochloric acid |
I-iron | Ukusebenza okujwayelekile kohlelo lokujikeleza, kwandisa i-hemoglobin. |
I-Zinc | Usekela umsebenzi wokungazinzi, uthinta ukukhula kwengane. |
Copper | Ijwayezi umsebenzi we-yegilo yegilo, inhliziyo. |
Manganese | Ihlanganyela ekwakhiweni kwevithamini C |
Cobalt | Ikhuthaza ukumunyaniswa kwensimbi |
I-Fluorine | Vikela amazinyo kusuka kumakheli futhi uqinise koqweqwe lwawo. |
I-Iodine | Kwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwezicubu komoya-mpilo, kunika amandla, kukhuphula ukukhula ngokomqondo nangokomzimba. |
Omega 3 | Yehlisa ukukhula kwezimila, iphatha izilonda zesisu, izifo zenhliziyo. |
Omega 6 | Kwandisa umsebenzi wobuchopho, kunciphisa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-atherosclerosis, kuthuthukisa isimo sesikhumba. |
Ungomile kanjani futhi ugcobe capelin?
Ukuze i-capelin enosawoti omncane ingakhuli, izidumbu ezingekho emthethweni zibethelwa phezulu ocingweni, ungakhohlwa ukubeka iphaneli yamafutha okudonsa ngezansi. Ngosuku lwesihlanu noma lwesithupha, izinhlanzi ziba mnene, kepha inyama izosala ithambile. Ngakho-ke, kubathandi be-capelin eyomile, kungcono ukubekezela futhi ulinde ezinye izinsuku ezingama-4-5.
I-Paralympic Talai ngaphandle kwezingalo nemilenze: "lapho kulwelwa kanzima, kuba lula ukunqoba"
Izintambo ezihlanzekile ngaphandle kokushefa: izindlela zokususa izinwele ezinemikhiqizo ejwayelekile
Abasanda kushada babehamba kuwo wonke umhlaba futhi ezweni ngalinye benza isithombe somshado
Ezinye izinhlanzi ezifriziwe zingathosiwe. Ngemuva kokulinda izidumbu ukuba zincibilike, zibekwa epanini eligcotshwe ngomlilo elibomvu. Ukwenza i-capelin ibe namanzi, akunqweneleki ukuyigcina ivutha umlilo isikhathi eside. Futhi ukudoba ngofulawa nakho kungakhethwa.
Umndeni wakwaSturgeon
Ama-Sturgeon awanasikali, futhi esikhundleni somgogodla kukhona umugqa (intambo yenhliziyo). Inyama inambitheka, inamafutha futhi igcwele, i-caviar ibaluleke kakhulu. AmaSturgeons ahlala olwandle i-Azov, iBlack and Caspian, kanye nasemifuleni yaseSiberia.
Ekuphekeni, asetshenziselwa ukupheka ama-balyks, izimpahla ezikheniwe, kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezitsha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, idliwa ngendlela yayo eluhlaza.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlanzi ze-sturgeon kungokulandelayo:
Umndeni weSalmon
Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- i-salmon yangempela (i-salmon, i-trout, i-whitefish, i-whitefish, ichibi kanye ne-Caspian salmon, i-nelma, i-vendace),
- I-salmon yase-Far Eastern (isalmon ebomvana, isalmon ye-sockeye, i-sim, i-salmon ye-chum, i-chinook salmon, i-coho salmon).
Imizimba yabo ephakeme imbozwe ngezikali ezincane, eduze nomsila kukhona i-adipose fin.
Inyama ye-Salmon inomusa futhi inamafutha amaningi, abantu abaningi banezithunzi ezibomvu, kepha kukhona abamele inyama emhlophe. I-caviar ye-Orange nayo isetshenziswa ngokuqinile ku-gastronomy. Ngokuvamile ama-salmon ahlala ezifundeni ezikude kakhulu naseNyakatho Ntshonalanga.
Izindlela eziphambili zokudoba ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene
I-Cod iyisisulu samanzi abandayo adla ngokulinganayo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Kepha kungcono ukuyibamba ekwindla nasebusika, lapho ngemuva kwenyamazane yayo - inhlanzi encane - isondela ogwini futhi ime ekujuleni okungamamitha angama-30 nje .. Ngesinye isikhathi nayo ingasondela emlonyeni womfula obanzi, kepha kuyaqabukela. Ngakho-ke, isizini enkulu iqala ngo-Okthoba kuya kuFebhuwari. Kusukela ngoFebhuwari, izinhlanzi ziya ezindaweni ezinwebayo futhi zidaleke ngokujulile. Ngemuva kokusatshalaliswa, ehlobo, ukubamba i-cod kunzima kakhulu, ngoba kugcina kujule kakhulu.
I-Cod ibanjwa ukukhanya kosuku, ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe kumabhange esihlabathi.
Ukubukeka nobukhulu
Lolu hlobo ngemuva lungahle lube namaphiko amabili noma amathathu. Endaweni ye-anal, njengomthetho, kukhona futhi amaphisi amaningana. I-Fin ithuthukiswe kahle esifundeni somsila. Ezinhlanzini zalo mndeni, isici esivelelayo ukuthi wonke ama-fin awunawo ama-spiny spiny.
Bonke abantu banikezwe ukuvuleka okukhulu kwama-gill kanye ne-antennae encane endaweni ye-chin. I-Pisces imindeni yama-cod
izikali ezincane ziyimpawu. Ngokuyinhloko, zonke izinhlanzi, ngaphezu kwe-burbot, zithanda ukuhlala ezikoleni ezincane futhi zihlale duzane nezansi.
Ubukhulu nesisindo kungahluka kakhulu. Isibonelo, abantu abadla kuphela i-plankton bangabameli abalimele bomndeni. Kwezinhlobo zama-cod, izinhlobo ezincane kunazo zonke i-gadicle yolwandle. Ubude obumaphakathi
le nhlanzi ingamasentimitha ayi-12. Ungahlangana naye enyakatho ye-Atlantic. I-Atlantic cod ingenye yezinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke. Ubukhulu bayo bungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-1,8 ubude.
I-capelin emnandi
ICapelin Ungowomndeni Koryushkovye.
Thenga capelin dinga ucezu olwenziwe iqhwa, ushaywe ebriquette, hhayi ngobuningi bawo - kungenzeka ukuthi izinhlanzi ngemuva kokubamba zingakanciphisi. Futhi ungesabi ukuthenga izingcezu ezinkulu - ngizokucebisa ukuthi wenzeni ngazo.
Thatha ucezu lwamakhilogremu amane. Ingxenye kasawoti, nengxenye gazinga. Okokuqala, sisebenzelana nenxusa: sihlala sinikeza izinhlanzi nge-ayisikhilimu. Le ncazelo ilula: usawoti, ngisho nasesikhunjeni, ungena emisipha yezinhlanzi kancane kancane, kanti nenhlanzi efudumele iyawohloka kusukela ngaphakathi ngokushesha futhi usawoti awunaso isikhathi sokuyisindisa. Ngakho-ke usawoti i-capelin eqandisiwe, ohlukaniswe ngengcezu enkulu.
Sibeka ucezu lwethu epanini bese siluvumela linciphise ekushiseni kwegumbi. Kuyadingeka ukuthi izinhlanzi ziqale ukuhlukana komunye nomunye futhi zingabe zisaba khona. Ngomfutho, asiziklebuli ukuze zingalimazi isikhumba, kodwa unganwebeka ngomusa okonweni ojwayelekile. Kulokhu, ucezu uqobo lwalo lusazofakwa iqhwa ngaphakathi.
Izinhlanzi ezihlukanisiwe azigundiwe hhayi eyami. Sihlunga, silahla izinhlobo zethu ezihlakazekile nezihlaselayo: inhlanzi kufanele inikeze amandla. Uma une-soy noma i-oyster sauce oyithandayo, donsa kancane kuzinhlanzi ezimbalwa bese uzama i-capelin eqandisiwe ne-unsalted nge-usoso - lokhu kuyinto ethokozisayo yesiphundu, kepha ukunambitheka kungowawo wonke umuntu!
Thela usawoti owengeziwe phansi kwesitsha (ingilazi, ipulasitiki noma insimbi engagqwali). Sibeka ama-capelin ezingqimbeni, empeleni sithulule usawoti omuhle kakhulu. ICapelin inosawoti amahora angama-24, futhi ngalesi sikhathi, amakristalu kasawoti ahlanganayo awanayo nesikhathi sokuncibilikisa. Uma indawo yesitsha ivumela, beka izendlalelo ngokunqamula. Asibeki izinduku ezivela phezulu. Beka isitsha esiqandisini amahora ayi-12-24. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-capelin izokhipha usawoti nosawoti. Nquma isikhathi sokuzisawoti wena, abanye banjengezinhlanzi ezinosawoti, nabanye - usawoti omncane.
Ngemuva kwamahora angama-24, izinhlanzi zincibilika, zahlala, futhi izingqimba zaqina. Uma usawoti omncane ushiywe enhlanzi, uhlanze ngokushesha ngaphansi kwamanzi abandayo.
Kudliwa iCapelin, ibamba ikhanda ngeminwe emibili futhi idla ngokucophelela inyama yomgogodla, iqala emsileni. Ungenza ngokwezamasiko amaningi: beka inhlanzi epuletini, ususe inyama ebambelele ngephaneli le-lateral lefoloko, ususe amathumbu kanye nolwelwesi olumnyama lwethambo lesisu sesisu (kumunyu!) - yidla ujabulele ukunambitheka okuhlanzekile kwenhlanzi. Futhi ungabeka le fillet kwisinkwa esimhlophe ngebhotela - yummy!
I-capelin enosawoti omncane izoba ezinye izinsuku ezingama-2-3, bese iqala ukuqina futhi idluliselwe ngegazi. Ngakho-ke, ingxenye yenhlanzi ingafakwa ocingweni noma ezintanjeni, idlule ezingxenyeni zamehlo ezingavuleki iziqeshana zephepha, zifakwe. UCapelin - inhlanzi enamafutha. Izodonsa kuyo: ungakhohlwa ukufaka ipani ngaphansi kwenhlanzi! Futhi ukulahla okuncane, kulengise phansi. Mayibe ilenga cishe izinsuku ezingama-5-6, ukuze ingashiswa yilanga, kepha imiswe. Inyama izohlala ithambile, nesidumbu ngokwaso siba mnene impela. Uma uyiphakamisa ngeminwe emibili, inhlanzi izohlala iqonde. Labo abathanda isomisi sezinhlanzi bashiya i-capelin ilenga isikhathi eside. I-capelin yasentwasahlobo ngosuku lwe-5-6 in ukunambitheka okuhlukile ngokuphelele uma kuqhathaniswa "okumanzi" okunosawoti omncane, njengokungathi kwakuyizinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlanzi. Ngosuku lwe-10-11, inhlanzi isivele yomile.
Yebo, sisenayo enye ye-capelin yokuthosa. Frozen thawed fish ku-oyela yemifino epanini elishisa kakhulu. Uma i-pan yokuthosa inenhlanganisela enhle engekho enamathele, ungafry ngaphandle kwefulawa. Fry masinyane ukuze ungume!
UCapelin othosiwe ku-cornmeal
Izindlela zokupheka zeCapelin
ICapelin nayo ingabhema futhi isetshenziselwe ukugcwaliswa kwamaphayi namaphayi. Kunconywe ukupheka isigaxa se-capelin ku-tempura enamazambane okugqwala, capelin, capelin othosiwe notamatisi, isangweji ye-capelin ethosiwe, i-capelin ebhakwe kuhhavini futhi, capelin othosiwe isinkwa ku-cornmeal.
Hhayi kuphela olwandle
I-Burbot nayo ingeyeye-cod-efana nayo. Ihlala kakhulu emanzini amasha. Yize kukhona ama-burbots olwandle. Lezi zinhlanzi zinomzimba omude, uthambile kancane ukusuka ezinhlangothini, ikhanda elicaba, izintuthwane esinqeni nasemhlathini ongenhla. UBurbot uhlala eBay of Biscay, olwandle iBarents, eduze kwase-Iceland, iBritish Isles futhi naseduze naseNyakatho Melika.
Lezi zinhlanzi zezinhlobo ezimbili - ezimhlophe nezibomvu. Ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu kunenyama ebomvu ye-burbot. Isibindi sakhe siqukethe inani elikhulu le-iodine, yize inyama yona yomile. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akwenzi kube yigugu. Inyama ye-burbot yomfula, kunalokho, inambitheka futhi ithambile. Isibindi sakhe sibuye sibhekwe njengesibiliboco. Izinto ezilandelwayo kulezi zinhlanzi ziwuthinta kahle umbono, ubuhlakani kanye nohlelo lwezinzwa. Indzawo yekuhlala yebhubhisi ibanzi kakhulu, futhi iyabhebhetheka ezweni lethu. Kungcono ukubamba i-burbot emanzini abandayo esimweni sezulu esibi, khona-ke kuyasebenza kakhulu.
Izinhlanzi ezibhakiwe ngemifino
Imikhiqizo elandelayo idinga ukulungiswa:
- kilogalamu yamazambane
- izimbotshana ezinhlanu zikagalikhi,
- wezipuni ezine zamafutha omnqumo,
- ulamula owodwa
- iphawundi kabhontshisi oluhlaza
- khilogu ofodod obomvu,
- sikhetha izinongo ukunambitha.
Cwecwa bese usika amazambane izingcezu ezincane. Sika ulamula ube izingcezu eziphakathi, bese uhlukanisa pod ngamunye wobhontshisi ngesigamu. Onke amathambo kufanele asuswe ku-cod futhi ahlukaniswe izingxenye ezine ezilinganayo. Ngenkathi wonke amalungiselelo eqhubeka, sishisa i-oveni sibe ngama-200 degrees.
Faka amazambane esitsheni esinamandla, uthele ujusi kalamula, engeza ugarliki bese ufaka kuhhavini imizuzu eyi-10. Ngaso leso sikhathi hlaza ubhontshisi imizuzu emithathu.
Sidlulisela ubhontshisi kwezinye imifino bese sifaka izinhlanzi zangaphambi kokusawoti nezinosawoti phezulu. Ngemuva kwemizuzu engu-15, isitsha singafakwa etafuleni.
Ikheni ethosiwe nelayisi
Le iresiphi ilungele labo abathanda inhlanganisela ngesibindi yemikhiqizo ekuphekeni.
Izodinga:
- ibhanana
- I-700-800 gr ye-cod ebomvu,
- imifino ngokuzikhethela
- I-100 gr irayisi
- izinongo kanye kalamula ngokubona.
Silungisa izinhlanzi, sikhiphe wonke amathambo, sihlanze bese sihlukanisa izingxenye ezine ezilinganayo. Fry epanini, ubeke izinhlanzi phansi nesikhumba. Kwanele imizuzu emi-5 ohlangothini ngalunye.
Sika ubhanana emibuthanweni ejwayelekile ngebhotela futhi gazinga isigamu somzuzu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sipheka irayisi nenhlanzi bese sithelela ujusi kalamula kuso.
Isaladi le-Cod sesibindi
Isibindi se-Cod sisetshenziselwa futhi izindlela eziningi zokupheka. Isaladi yesabelomali kodwa esihlwabusayo kakhulu, esizodinga:
- ikani lesibindi se-cod,
- ingilazi yelayisi
- amaqanda amathathu,
- anyanisi owodwa
- usawoti ukunambitha.
Okokuqala udinga ukulungiselela zonke izithako: upheke amaqanda abiliswe kanzima, usike u-anyanisi bese upheka irayisi. Okulandelayo, hlanganisa imikhiqizo nesibindi se-cod nosawoti ekunambithekeni kwakho.
Ungagcwalisa isaladi ngamafutha noma imayonnaise ngokubona. Abanye abavakashi baphinde bafake imifino ebunjiwe (iparsley, dill).
Zuza futhi ulimaze
Izinhlanzi ze-Cod zingazuzisa, kepha futhi zingaba yingozi uma kungabhekwa ama-contraindication. Njenganoma yimuphi omunye umkhiqizo, izinhlanzi kufanele zipheke kahle futhi zinganukubezwa, ngoba ekugcineni lokhu kungaholela ezinkingeni.
Njengoba i-cod iqukethe inani elikhulu lamavithamini kanye namaminerali, ukusetshenziswa kwale nhlanzi kuvimbela ukuhlangana kwamalunga. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukufaka ukudla kwe-cod ekudleni kwabantu abane-arthrosis noma i-rheumatism.
Esibindi senhlanzi kubalulekile ama-omega-3 acids, asiza ukususa i-cholesterol emzimbeni. Futhi uma wenza uwoyela wezinhlanzi kusuka ku-cod, lapho-ke angasetshenziswa njengendlela yokuthuthukisa inkumbulo.Futhi, uwoyela wezinhlanzi ungasiza ukuqeda i-thrombophlebitis kanye nokudangala.
Ngokuqondene nomonakalo, i-cod cod ingadala, ikakhulukazi isibindi sayo. Ngakho-ke, zama ukukhetha izinhlanzi ngokucophelela, uhlolisisa izimpahla ngokucophelela futhi uqiniseke ukuthi awekho yini amakha angathandeki.
Akunconywa futhi ukuthi udle ama-cod nganoma yiluphi uhlobo lwabantu abane-allergies, abesifazane abakhulelwe kanye nabantu abane-urolithiasis.
UGadikul
Elinye igama lekhodi enamehlo amakhulu. Itholakala ekujuleni kufinyelela kumakhilomitha. Isici esivelele amehlo amakhulu, awathola ngawo igama lesibili. Ubukhulu obukhulu ngamasentimitha ayi-15 kuphela. Ungahlangana nale nhlanzi eNorway.
UGadikul uyenzeka:
Qaphela! Akukho mehluko omkhulu ekubukekeni, kepha kuyehluka ngohlobo lwamaphiko.
Inhlanzi yaseRayfish. Okuvame kakhulu oLwandlekazi i-Atlantic. Ukubukeka kunombala ophuzi-onsundu futhi emzimbeni kukhona ulayini oqala kusuka ekhanda bese uphela ngomsila. Isisindo esiphezulu somncane ovuthiwe ngamakhilogremu angama-30.
Ukuhluza
Ihlala e-Atlantic, kepha kwesinye isikhathi le nhlanzi ingatholakala eCrimea. Kungaba ngamasentimitha angama-60 ubude. Ukuqhekeka kokuqala kwenzeka kuphela eminyakeni eyi-2 ngemuva kokuzalwa, kukhetha amanzi abandayo ngokuzalanisa okuphephile. Idla ngo-fry kanye nezinye izakhamizi zolwandle. Igcina isondele ebusweni. Yesaba amahlengethwa nezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye ezinkulu ezingayidla.
INavaga Far Eastern
Ihlala emazweni amaningi aseMpumalanga Ekude. Ubude bezinhlanzi bungamasentimitha angama-25-60. Yonke inkathi yonyaka isogwini, kepha lapho kuqala ihlobo, iyantanta iyofuna ukudla. Ukuvuthwa kokunwebeka kwenzeka ekuqaleni kweminyaka emi-2 futhi kwenzeka ebusika kuphela, lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi lisiya emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kwe-zero.
INavaga North
Izakhamizi zasemanzini zomndeni wama-cod.
Ukuphila ezilwandle ezifana:
Qaphela! Ungabona i-navaga yasenyakatho eduzane nolwandle, kodwa ngokuzalanisa isuswa ifike kumamitha ayi-10. Ubukhulu bungafinyelela amasentimitha angama-50. Idla izinhlanzi ezincane nezibungu.
Ungabamba kanjani izinhlanzi eziningi?
Umdobi ngamunye onomdlandla ngokungangabazeki unemfihlo zakhe zokudoba ngokuphumelelayo. Ngesikhathi sokudoba ngobuhlakani, mina uqobo ngathola izindlela ezimbalwa zokuthuthukisa i-nibble. Ngabelana nge-TOP yami:
- Ukuluma isishoshovu. Ishukumisa isifiso esinamandla senhlanzi, siyihehe ngisho nasemanzini abandayo. Iphutha ama-pheromones akha ukwakheka kwawo. Kuyadabukisa ukuthi iRosprirodnadzor ifuna ukwethula umthetho wokuthengisa kwayo.
- Ukukhetha okulungile kwamagiya. Funda imanyuwali efanelekayo yohlobo oluthile lwamagiya ekhasini lamasayithi ami.
- Amasheya asuselwe ama-pheromones.
Ungathola ezinye izimfihlo zokudoba ngempumelelo ngokufunda ezinye izinto zami esizeni.
Ngaphambi kokuzalela, udla kakhulu. IBurbot ayikubekezeleli ukukhanya kwelanga futhi icushiwe ebusuku kuphela. Ubude bomzimba bufinyelela kumamitha ayi-12, bese isisindo ngasikhathi sinye singamakhilogremu angama-20. Idla izibungu nabanye omakhelwane abancane.
Ukubonakala kwezinhlanzi
Lesi sithombe se-cod sikhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi umzimba wakhe uyafana ngesimo spindle. Inhlanzi inamaphiko amathathu emhlane namaphini amabili okuhluza.
Umhlathi ongenhla wenhlanzi mkhulu kakhulu kunomhlathi ophansi. I-antennae encane ikhula okhalweni lwekhodi.
Inhlanzi inesikali esigoqekile.
Umbala we-cod ungaba ophuzi noma omnqumo; amabala amancane ansundu, abonakale esithombeni senhlanzi ye-cod, ahlala avela esikalini.
Ukufuduka kwe-Cod
Izinhlanzi ze-Cod zingahlala emfuleni: ezinye izinhlobo zawo zizizwa zimnandi emanzini amasha. Ngokwemininingwane yayo yangaphandle, i-cod yomfula ayihlukile kwezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi. Akakwazi ukuhamba amabanga amade.
I-Pacific cod nayo isetshenziselwa ukuhlalisa impilo. Ezinyangeni ezibandayo kakhulu zonyaka, kuvame ukutholakala ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-40-50. Lapho kwenzeka ukushisa, inhlanzi iya olwandle.
Ubukhulu
I-Codfish ingaba ngosayizi nezinsimbi ezahlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, ipulankton edla amakhodwe ngokuvamile imincane kunabazingeli abasebenza nabo.Uhlobo oluncane kakhulu lomndeni we-cod yi-gadicle ejulile olwandle. Uhlala eNyakatho ye-Atlantic futhi ufinyelela usayizi ophakathi kwamasentimitha ayi-12,5, okungaphansi kakhulu - kuze kufike amasentimitha ayi-15.
Futhi abameli abakhulu kakhulu bezinhlobo zama-cod kukhona ama-molov nezilwane ezidla phambili, ezifinyelela ubude obufika kumamitha ayi-1,8.
Siphenya izinhlanzi ezibanjwe yimikhumbi emikhulu nezikebhe zokudoba ezincane ezisogwini. Kuyiqiniso, sibheka iqiniso lokuthi abadobi abakhulu babamba izinhlanzi eziningi, ngakho-ke sizinaka kakhulu, - kusho uJ. Udokotela wathi izinhlanzi ezinkulu zikhethelwa amasampula ngokukhethekile, ngoba aqukethe ama-dioxin amaningi, kodwa cishe ayi-10 I-% yalezi zinhlanzi ziyabanjwa, ngakho-ke amazinga okungcola empeleni aphansi kunelebhu.
“Ngakho-ke, uma usuvele uthenga izinhlanzi ezandleni zakho, futhi ungazi ukuthi akunangozi, kufanele ukhethe okungaphezulu,” eluleka. Lapho ebuzwa ukuthi yiziphi izinhlanzi eziyingozi kunazo zonke oLwandle iBaltic, uthi iningi lama-dioxin libutha izinhlanzi ezinamafutha.
Habitat
Indawo yokuhlala kwezinhlanzi zomndeni wama-cod ibanzi impela. Zitholakala cishe kuzo zonke izilwane zasolwandle ezisenyakatho hemisphere yomhlaba. Cishe ezinye izinhlobo ezinhlanu zalezi zinhlanzi zihlala ezindaweni ezigcina amanzi eningizimu ye-hemisphere. Bonke laba bameleli bangabahlali basolwandle, futhi yinye kuphela ye-cod - burbot - ehlala emizimbeni yamanzi entsha enyakatho yeYurophu, eMelika nase-Asia.
Ama-dioxin aqongelela emafutheni awo. Futhi inkulu kangakanani, uma indala indala - iba yingozi kubantu, ”kusho udokotela wezilwane. Ngokusho kukaKondrotier, muva nje akukho nsimbi esindayo eye yatholakala oLwandle iBaltic ebeluvinjelwe ngaphambili ukusebenzisa isibindi sezinhlanzi ezithile.
Ngokusho kwakhe, izinhlanzi zasolwandle ziyahlolwa minyaka yonke, noma zingaqongeli ama-radionuclides, ama-pesticides nokunye ukungcola, kodwa isibalo sazo asidluli imigomo esethiwe. Kepha lapha singadla izidumbu ezidliwayo emachibini, inqobo nje uma sifuna - abakaze banqume amazinga wezinsalela ze-dioxin ngokweqile kwezinga elivumelekile.
Amakhodi amaningi kakhulu asempumalanga ye-Atlantic, avame ukutholakala olwandle lwaseNorway naseBarents. Futhi, kungatholakala i-cod kuphela kwi-Baltic. Kukhona ama-cod eMedithera naseMnyama Sea.
Lapho okuqinisekile ngeke ubathole abamele lo mndeni - ngakho-ke emanzini e-ikhwetha. Kepha ngasogwini lwaseNingizimu Melika kanye naseNingizimu Afrika, kanye neNew Zealand, ungahlangana nezinhlanzi ezintathu zalo mndeni.
Ngokusho kwakhe, izimbangela eziyinhloko zokuqothulwa yi-nucleation nokungcola: Ukungcola kungaba ngaphezulu kakhulu, ngoba oLwandle iBaltic bafile, ngaphandle komoya-mpilo, emhlabeni lapho izithonjana ze-cod zibulawa khona lapho. Eduze naseLithuania, sasinepani enkulu kakhulu yokuthosa, lapho sasingazange sikhiphe khona amakhodi amaningi.
Kungani abathandi bezinhlanzi kufanele banakekele izinhlanzi olwandle emhlabeni wonke? Ukusatshalaliswa komnotho emhlabeni sekuzenzele ngokwakho, futhi izinhlanzi eziningi eza ezitolo zethu, zombili zikhule oLwandle iMedithera nalezo ezibanjwe oLwandlekazi iPacific, uLwandle i-Atlantic. Ngeke sisakwazi ukuzibopha oLwandle iBaltic. Ukube izinhlanzi zazivela oLwandle iBaltic kuphela, konke bekuzoba lula kakhulu. Kunezifunda eziningi, izinhlaka eziningi ezilawulayo kanye nezikhungo zokuphatha abasebenza kahle. Kwezinye izifunda, njengeSomalia, akekho ongumnikazi wazo.
Ungabamba kanjani izinhlanzi eziningi?
Ngaphezu kweminyaka engu-13 yokudoba ngisebenza ngentshiseko, ngithole izindlela eziningi zokuthuthukisa ukuluma kwami. Nakhu okusebenzayo kakhulu:
- Ukuluma isishoshovu. Eheha izinhlanzi emanzini abandayo nanamanzi afudumele ngosizo lwama-pheromones ayingxenye yokwakheka futhi avuse iphango lawo. Kuyadabukisa ukuthi iRosprirodnadzor ifuna ukwethula umthetho wokuthengisa kwayo.
- Amagiya abucayi.
Funda imanyuwali efanelekayo yohlobo oluthile lwamagiya ekhasini lamasayithi ami. - Amasheya asuselwe ama-pheromones
.
Ungathola ezinye izimfihlo zokudoba ngempumelelo ngokufunda ezinye izinto zami esizeni.
I-Pollock ne-cod bakhetha ukudla ama-crustaceans, futhi, amakhulu ngokwanele.Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi amafutha aqoqana phakathi nomsoco we-cod afakwa esibindini senhlanzi.
Izibalo ziyesabeka: Izinhlobo ezingama-88% zezinhlanzi zaseYurophu zibanjwa ngaphezu kwesibalo sabantu esingalulama ngokwemvelo. Usebenzisa igama elithi "ukubamba okuzinzile okuphezulu". Usayizi wesibalo ugcinwa ngendlela yokuthi ukukhula kwayo kuphezulu. Inani labantu alivunyelwe ukuthambisa, ukuze liqale ukuncipha ngenxa yokudoba. Ngohlobo olulodwa noma isisetshenziswa, inani eliphelele lesivuno esimeme selinqunyelwe bese lisatshalaliswa kuwo wonke amazwe ngesivumelwano.
Le yindlela izinsiza zase-Europe eziphathwa ngayo iminyaka emibili. Futhi uma kwamukelwa lokho okuhlelwe emthethweni omusha, iYurophu izoba ngenye yezindawo eziyinhloko zokudoba ezinzinzile. Yikuphi ukudoba okusimeme okuhlukile kwesilinganiso? Isilinganiso phambilini bekungaphansi kwesivumelwano sepolitiki. Izincomo zososayensi zivame ukuhlala endaweni yesibili, okwesithathu.
Ukudoba
Ukudoba kwabamele umndeni wama-cod kuthuthukiswa kakhulu ngenxa yenani labo lomsoco eliphakeme.
Ukudoba ngokweqile kanye nokungcola kuyimbangela emibili eyinhloko. Ukungcola kungaba ngaphezulu kakhulu, njengoba oLwandle iBaltic, izindawo ezifile, ezingenawo umoya-mpilo lapho izithonjana zikakhokho zibulawa khona lapho, ziyanda. Umphumela ubuye futhi wokuhamba ngamandla, ngoba uwoyela kaphethiloli akahlanzekile njengoba usetshenziselwa izimoto. Sithola i-oksidi ehlukahlukene yesibabule ne-nitrogen, emvelweni ebopha izinto eziphilayo bese igcina inhlanzi. Ngenxa yalokhu, amaSweden awancomi abesifazane abakhulelwe nezingane nabo bavame ukudla izinhlanzi oLwandle iBaltic.
Ngakho-ke, cishe amathani ayizigidi ezingama-6- 10 we-cod abanjwa minyaka yonke, iningi lawo emanzini ase-Atlantic.
Ngokuyisisekelo, laba abamele lo mndeni bangaphansi kokubanjwa:
- ikhodi ye-atlantic
- IPacific Pollock
- haddock
- pollock.
Njengoba lezi izinhlanzi ezingaphansi, zibanjwa zisebenzisa izifutho eziphansi. Inyama ye-Cod ingumkhiqizo odumile. UFillet, kanye nesibindi salezi zinhlanzi, ezinamavithamini amaningi, saziswa kakhulu.
Lokhu kungenxa yomkhakha we-metallological kanye nokuhanjiswa, okungenzeka ukuthi ngokushesha kudlule yonke imithombo engaphezulu yokungcola. Imiphi imigomo yokusebenzisa okufanele? Ingabe kukhona ukusikisela kwendawo yonke ukukhetha izinhlanzi zasendaweni? Ingabe ngaso sonke isikhathi lesi yisisombululo esihle kakhulu?
Njengamanje, i-Baltics yisifunda esiphethwe kangcono kunazo zonke izincomo, ngenxa yalokho, uma sinikezwe usayizi wezokudoba okuzinzile, ungakhetha izinhlanzi zeBaltic. Ungase futhi ukhethe ukuthi yibaphi abadobi ababamba ngoba bamba amayunithi futhi bangenzi lutho.
Ama-cutlets
Kulula kakhulu ukulungiselela amakhekhe ezinhlanzi kuzokwenza ukudla kudlule futhi kuzosiza wonke amalungu omndeni.
Imvuthuluka yesinkwa (izingcezu ezi-2) kufanele ifakwe ngo-50 ml wobisi imizuzu emi-5. I-800 g ye-cod, u-anyanisi ongu-1, i-1 clove kagalikhi nesinkwa (ngaphambili ebilinyiwe ebisini) kufanele idluliswe nge-grinder yenyama ukwenza inyama egayiwe. Okulandelayo, udinga ukufaka iqanda eli-1, usawoti, izinongo eziyizintandokazi namakhambi kuwo.
Inyama enomshayi iyashaywa bese iqokelelwa emishunqwini edinga ukubeka ku-oyela ofudumele we-sunflower. Ama-cutlets athosiwe nhlangothi zombili phezu kokushisa okulinganiselayo. Ukuziguqulela ohlangothini lwesibili, ungamboza i-pan ngesivalo. Lapho ama-cutlets eba yigolide, ungawasusa emlilweni bese uyawakhonza.
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Ungapheka kanjani i-cod yezinhlanzi?
Ungapheka izinhlanzi ze-cod ngezindlela eziningi ezahlukahlukene: kuphekwe kuhhavini, kufakwe epanini noma ku-grill, kuphekwe epanini noma endishini yokuphekela eshisayo, enosiwe, eyenziwe nge-cod, ethosiwe ku-batter, futhi futhi engezwe ezitsheni eziningi ezimnandi njengeyona eyinhloko noma isithako esingeziwe.
Adumile kakhulu ama-cod cutlets, abaningi abasemzini abathanda ukwenziwa. Futhi, inhlanzi ebhakwe ku-foil noma ebilisiwe idumile ngokulinganayo.
Okuqukethwe kwekhalori kwe-cod nganoma yiluphi uhlobo akudluli ama-kilocalories angama-90 ngamagremu ayikhulu omkhiqizo. Le nhlanzi ayinakubizwa ngokuthi ngamafutha, okuyisizathu esihle sokupheka izitsha zokudla kuyo.
I-Cod akuyona inhlanzi enama-bony nhlobo, ngakho-ke inyama yayo ingafakwa enyameni enongiwe ukulungiselela ama-meatballs amnandi. Kepha kunenkinga eyodwa: inyama ye-cod imile kunokuba yomile. Kungakho udinga ukwengeza amasoso ahlukahlukene kanye ne-gravy ukwenza kube mnandi kakhulu.
Nazi ezinye zezindlela ezaziwa kakhulu zokwenza i-cod ekhaya:
- Iyabola - Le yindlela elula futhi emnandi yokupheka izinhlanzi ngesidlo sasemini noma sakusihlwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukubeka phezulu kwizithako ezidingekayo bese ulandela izincomo zethu. Thatha ishidi le-foil bese uligcoba ngamafutha yemifino, uthele u-anyanisi emasongweni kulo. Ngemuva kwalokho thatha i-cod fillet, hlamba bese uyayiqeda, inkathi ngosawoti nezinongo, bese uyibeka emasongweni e-anyanisi. Fafaza imifino ebunjiwe ngaphezulu kwesiqeshana senhlanzi, faka izindandatho ezimbalwa zikalamula, bese umboza isitsha ngezilayi zezitamatisi. Manje pakisha izithako kahle ukwenza imvilophu engangenwa umoya, bese uthumela kuhhavini osuvele usuqediwe ukuya kumadigri ayi-180. Bhaka i-cod fillet ngemifino imizuzu engamashumi amabili.
- Okuthosiwe amakhokho apheka ngokushesha kunokubhakiwe. Ukuze unamathise le nhlanzi, ungathatha izicucu zombili kanye nezicwecwe zekhodi yesidumbu. Zigwebule ngofulawa noma esinkomishini, usawoti kanye nopelepele, bese uthelela amafutha epanini, uwubeke ngomlilo. Lapho uwoyela uqala ukushuba, faka ukhokho epanini. I-fillet idinga ukuthanjiswa imizuzu engama-5-7, kuthi izingcezu zesidumbu sizothatha isikhathi esithe xaxa. Musa ukumboza isitsha ngesivalo ukwenza ukhakhayi.
- Ungazama futhi ukupheka okwangempela inhlanzi casserole. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukubilisa nokuchoboza amazambane, ngaphandle kokuchibiza amazambane kakhulu, ukuze aqukethe izingcezu zamazambane wonke. Fafaza isidlo sokubhaka bese ubeka amazambane abunjiwe kuwo, bese uthosa amasongo anyanisi kanye izaqathe epanini, uwafake ngaphezulu kwamazambane abunjiwe. Ngemuva kwalokho faka i-cod fillet, ugcwalise isidlo ngobisi olusha bese ufafaza ushizi ogayiwe, uthumele kuhhavini isigamu sehora. Ungasebenzisa futhi umpheki ohamba kancane ukupheka i-coderole emnandi kangaka.
Kunezindlela eziningi nezindlela zokupheka zokulungiselela izitsha ezinhle kusuka kule nhlanzi, kuqala ngesobho lezinhlanzi nokuphela nge-cutlets kanye ne-casseroles.Ungazivivinya ngokwakho ngokupheka i-cod ekhaya ngokuya ngeresiphi yakho.
Ukotini othosiwe kanye anyanisi
Iresiphi ye-cod fillet epanini ayiyona neze inkimbinkimbi, futhi ngisho nompheki we-novice uzobhekana nakho.
Izinhlanzi (cishe i-500 g fillet) kufanele zisikwe zibe yizicucu, usawoti bese ufaka izinongo zakho eziyizintandokazi. I-anyanisi (1 pc.) Inqunywa emasongweni. Okulandelayo, udinga ukushisa i-oyili bese ugoqa izinhlanzi ufulawa.
Phansi kwepani, qala ngokubeka izingcezu ezimbalwa zika-anyanisi, bese ubeka inhlanzi phezulu. Kuyadingeka ukuthosa nhlangothi zombili kuze kuqhume ingqubu enhle yegolide. Ngakho-ke kufanele kwenziwe ngazo zonke izingcezu ze-cod fillet. Khonza isidlo nganoma yisiphi isidlo eseceleni.
Ukwakheka nokuqukethwe kwekhalori
Maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, izinhlanzi ze-hake zazibhekwa njengezinhlanzi ezidayisa okwesibili ngenxa yokudla kwazo okuphansi kwamafutha. Namuhla, inani layo likhule kakhulu ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwamafutha aphansi kanye nokwakheka okuhle kwezinye izakhamzimba. I-100 g yomkhiqizo iqukethe:
- amaprotheni - 16,3 g
- Amafutha e-omega-3-polyunsaturated acid acid - 0,2 mg,
- amanoni - 2.2 g
- carbohydrate - 0,
- amanzi - 80.3 g.
https://youtu.be/GrLn-FKm8wY
Okuqukethwe kwekhalori kwe-100 g hake kuyi-86.2 kcal, umkhiqizo ungabhekwa njengokudla.
Ikhowudi efakwe epanini nge-utamatisi isoso
Le ndlela yokuthola izihloko zama-cod epanini ifaka izinyathelo ezimbili zokupheka. Okokuqala udinga ukuthosa inhlanzi, bese uyigaya ngososo lwetamatisi.
Inhlanzi (500 g fillet) kufanele igezwe, bese ibhula nge-pepper nosawoti. Ngemuva kwalokho inqunywa ibe yizicucu futhi ithosiwe ku-oyela yemifino imizuzu emi-2 nhlangothi zombili.
I-anyanisi eyi-1 kufanele inqunywe kahle bese ithosiwe endishini ehlukile. Eduze kwenhlanzi ethosiwe udinga ukwengeza u-anyanisi, izipuni ezi-4 zikasoso we-utamatisi noma i-pasta, iqabunga le-bay nezipuni ezi-2 zikalamula. Konke kuxutshwe ngokucophelela, kumbozwe ngesembozo futhi kugcinwe kumlilo ophansi cishe imizuzu eyi-10. Ekupheleni, engeza imifino oyikhonzile, cisha isitofu bese isitashi sime ngaphansi kwesivalo esivaliwe imizuzu embalwa.
Indlebe Yekhanda Lekhanda
Iresiphi izokhanga nakanjani kubathandi besobho lezinhlanzi nalabo abathanda ukupheka izitsha ngemvelo.
Amakhanda we-cod (mayelana ne-1 kg) kufanele agezwe kahle, asuse wonke ama-gill bese efakwa epanini elikhulu. Okulandelayo, engeza iqabunga le-bay, usawoti, izinongo eziyizintandokazi kanye nama-4 l amanzi epanini. Pheka umhluzi imizuzu engama-30. Ngalesi sikhathi, ungalungisa imifino. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ikhasi bese nquma amazambane ama-5, u-2 u-anyanisi no-1 isanqante.
Ngokulandelayo, u-anyanisi kufanele uthosiwe emafutheni, futhi lapho iba sobala, udinga ukungeza izaqathe bese ugcina ngomlilo eminye imizuzu emihlanu. Ngemuva kwalokho, u-anyanisi on izaqathe kufanele udluliselwe kumhluzi bese ubilisiwe phezu kokushisa okuphakathi kweminye imizuzu eyi-15, futhi kungakhonzwa.
Yiziphi izinhlanzi ezingalinywanga ngenkani emapulazini?
Izinhlanzi ezifuywayo zivame ukuba zikhulu futhi zibe namafutha kunalezo ezibanjwa yimikhumbi yokudoba. Kunzima ukusho ngokungathandeki ukuthi iyiphi inhlanzi engcono ngokulandela inani lokudla. Izinhlanzi zasolwandle ziqongelela enyameni yazo izinsimbi ezisindayo, imikhiqizo kaphethiloli, i-mercury ngenxa yokungcoliswa kwemvelo yasolwandle, futhi zisuswe ngamakhambi - izidakamizwa namahomoni.
Ama-sea bass, i-carp, i-salmon, i-salmon, i-telapia, i-sturgeon - konke kukhulile ngamakhambi.
Nalu uhlu lwezinhlanzi zasendle ezingakhuliwa ngokuzenzela futhi ezingatholakala emashalofini ethu: i-capelin, i-pollock, i-halibut, i-flounder, i-catfish (i-Barents Sea), i-macrorus, i-bass yolwandle, i-catfish, i-Atlantic cod, i-haddock, i-Atlantic mackerel, i-herring, ama-sardines, i-muksun, iqhwa.
Kodwa-ke, khumbula ukuthi inani elikhulu lezinhlanzi emashalofini ethu, ngaphansi kwamagama ahlukahlukene angaphandle, ikakhulukazi lawo athengiswa ngaphandle kwekhanda, yi-pengasius etshalwe ngokuthanda eNingizimu Melika.
Izinhlanzi ezinjenge-herring, i-pollock, i-bass yasolwandle, i-mackerel, i-capelin, i-herring, i-spat, kanye ne-catfish, i-flounder, i-pink salmon, i-perch, i-hake, i-saffron cod, azikalungiswa ngokuthile emapulazini.
Isibonelo, i-flounder ayikhiqizwanga ngobuciko, ngoba iyisakhamuzi esingaphansi, futhi ngeke ihlale ekudingisweni.
IHering, capelin, nayo, ayikafundanga ukuzalanisa ngobuhlakani.
Kunabantu abangayithandi i-capelin, futhi ngendlela, isuka emndenini we-salmon futhi inomthombo omuhle wamavithamini namaminerali (iqukethe amavithamini B12 amaningi kakhulu kunenyama yenkomo, igcwele amavithamini A no-D, amino acid acid methionine, i-cysteine, i-lysine, i-threonine kanye: iodine, i-bromine, i-fluorine, i-phosphorus, i-potassium, i-sodium, i-selenium (lapho ku-capelin iphindwe kayishumi kunenyama).
Kepha cishe zonke izinhlanzi ezibomvu ezibolile emashalofini, zifafazwe yi-ayisikhilimu, ziyaboshwa.
Lapho ukhetha izinhlanzi, izazi zokudla ezempilo zeluleka ngokuthenga okungazange kukhule emapulazini okudoba. Izinhlanzi ezinjalo zifaka: i-cod, i-saury, i-herring, i-pollock, i-pink salmon.
Inhlanzi enjalo ibhekwa njengewusizo kakhulu, ngoba, ngokungafani nezihlobo zayo ezondleke kahle, ayizange igcotshwe ama-gmo-feed kanye / noma ama-antibiotics.
Ngale ndlela, njengendlela ehlukile, izakhamizi eziningi zasehlobo zibandakanyeka ekutshaleni izinhlanzi ezindaweni zokugcina eziseduze. I-Crucian, ekwazi ukujwayela futhi ikhiqize kahle cishe kunoma imaphi amanzi, ilungele kakhulu izinhloso ezinjalo. I-Telapia ikhula kahle ekudingisweni. Kungcono ukuthenga izinhlanzi ezitshalwe emapulazini hhayi kaningi.
Unesikhathi esingakanani ube ne-CATCH enkulu kakhulu?
Ugcine nini ukubamba inqwaba yamaphayiphu / IZINYEMPILO / imizimba?
Ngaso sonke isikhathi sifuna ukuthola umphumela wokudoba - ukubamba hhayi ama-perch amathathu, kodwa amaphayile ekhilogremu ambalwa - lokhu kuzoba ukubanjiswa! Ngamunye wethu uphupha ngalokhu, kepha akuyena wonke umuntu owaziyo ukuthi kanjani.
Ukubamba okuhle kungatholakala (futhi siyakwazi lokhu) sibonga ngebheti elihle.
Ingalungiswa ekhaya, ungathenga ezitolo zokudoba. Kepha ezitolo kuyabiza, futhi ukuze ukwazi ukupheka isheyiti ekhaya, udinga ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi, futhi, kahle kakhulu, kude nokuhlala njalo isithiyo sekhaya sisebenza kahle.
Uyakwazi ukudumazeka lapho uthenga ibheyithi noma uyipheke ekhaya futhi ubamba iminsalo emithathu noma emine?
Ngakho-ke mhlawumbe sekuyisikhathi sokusebenzisa umkhiqizo womsebenzi owenziwe ngempela, ukusebenza kwawo okufakazelwe ngokwesayensi nangokuzijwayeza emifuleni nasemachibini aseRussia?
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