I-Motarled Marsupial Marten, noma i-Oriental Quoll (I-Dasyurus viverrinus) - isilwane esilingana nekati elincane, ubude baso bomzimba sifinyelela ku-45 cm, isisindo esingama-1.5 kg. Umbala wejazi le-quoll uhluka kusuka kumnyama kuya kwesitha, amabala amhlophe amboze wonke umzimba wawo, ngaphandle komsila we-30-centimeter flu. Isilwane sinesihle esihle esikhanyayo futhi, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zezimpawu zokubopha ezinamabala, azikho iminwe zokuqala emilenzeni yangemuva. Ama-qualing aseMpumalanga ayekade ejwayelekile eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Australia, kepha ngemuva kokuqothelwa leli lizwe, aqala ukuzingela izinkukhu nonogwaja futhi aqothula ngokungafanele ngabalimi. Izimpungushe, izinja namakati zilethwe e-Australia nazo zabamba iqhaza - ukuncintisana kokudla kwama-marsupial martens, kanye nama-epizootic ka 1901-1903. Ngenxa yalokhu, inani lama-quels asempumalanga lehla ngokuqinile, futhi manje ama-marten angama-marten amachashazi anyamalala ezwenikazi (ama-quoll okugcina abonakala emadolobheni aseSydney ngeminyaka yama-60s ye-XX century). Ngenhlanhla, ukubukwa kusesejwayelekile eTasmania. Noma kunjalo, kubhalwe ku-IUCN Red Book enesimo esithi "eduze nokusongelwa."
Ukuqothuka kwe-Oriental kuma-zoo nezici zokuphasa
Ukuze ugcine umfela ongumcabha akasekho, kwathathwa isinqumo sokuzama ukufunda ukuthi angagcina kanjani futhi awazalele ekudingisweni. Lokhu yilokho okwenziwe yizazi zezilwane e-Leipzig Zoo. Umsebenzi wabo wathweswa umqhele ngempumelelo - futhi manje ama-corollas abo azala njalo futhi azizwa emkhulu.
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, izisebenzi zaseMosco Zoo zaziseLeipzig, futhi zazithanda kakhulu lezi zindawo zokuhlala ezinhle kakhulu kangangokuba zaqala ukuthola ukuthi ngabe iZoo yaseMoscow ayikwazanga ukubathola. Futhi ngoJuni 2015, ama-marten angama-marten angama-6 afika eMoses Zoo ngasikhathi sinye - abesilisa ababili nabesifazane abane. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, ukurekhoda kwaqoshwa. Le nqubo kuma-marsupials abonakele ayivelakancane kangangokuba kunzima ukungayinaki. Emvelweni, lokhu kwenzeka kanjena. Owesifazane ushiya umkhondo omnandi ngemuva kwalapho owesilisa amfuna. Uqala ukumlandela aze amvuse amadlakudla anikeze owesilisa ithuba lokuyicwilisa ngokucophelela, anikeze isibonakaliso ngalokho ngokulungela kwakhe ukuqala komzimba. Ngesikhathi sokuphola, owesilisa ugxumela emhlane wesifazane, anamathele entanyeni yakhe. Wenza lokhu kakhulu ukuthi intamo yowesifazane idonsa kanzima futhi kuhlala nendawo yesikhumba (kozakwabo base-Australia, bese esebenza njengophawu lokuzalela okuphumelelayo). Into emangazayo kakhulu ukuthi ukuhlangana ngocansi kwalezi zindawo ezithandanayo kungathatha amahora angama-24. Kwesinye isikhathi abesilisa banolaka olukhulu ekuthini baganane kangangokuba babulala nabalingani babo. Uma insikazi ingavumi masinyane ukulingisa, eyeduna iyayibulala masinyane. Abesilisa bazikhipha amandla kuze kube yilapho bezama ukwenza ukukhula okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Kuyo yonke inkathi yokuzalela, alwa nabancintisana, adle okuncane futhi acishe angalali. Ngenxa yalokhu, lapho kuphela unyaka, inani labantu abahlala emashadweni ababona ngokujwayelekile bangaba nabesifazane nabancane babo kuphela.
Ukuzala
Isikhathi sokukhulelwa phakathi ama-quump asempumalanga yizinsuku ezingama-20- 24. Abesifazane banesikhwama semifino esikhula kuphela ngenkathi yokuzalanisa futhi sivule emuva (ngesinye isikhathi, kubukeka njengesibaya sesikhumba esiswini). Imvamisa amawundlu azalwa ngo-5 mm ngosayizi futhi anesisindo esingu-12.5 mg bese egibela esikhwameni sikanina ngokwawo. Ama-querals aseMpumalanga anezigaba ezi-2 zokubala imibala - kukhona ama-qualm asemnyama namnyama ansundu. E-Zoo yaseMoscow, insikazi yayi nsundu, owesilisa wayemnyama, ngakho-ke akumangazi ukuthi amanye amawundlu amnyama, kanti amanye ay nsundu. Imvamisa, insikazi ibeletha amawundlu angama-4-8, yize ingathola imibungu engama-30. Njengoba ubukhulu bangempela be-brood bunqunyelwe ezingxenyeni eziyisithupha kuphela, yilawo kuphela lawo mazinyane angangena esikhwameni kuqala. Izinsana zihlala esikhwameni esinamathiselwe ingono isikhathi esingangezinsuku ezingama-60-65 futhi ziyaqhubeka nokukhula emgodini kuze kube yilapho iminyaka yokulunyulwa, yenzeka ngezinsuku eziyi-150-165. Izinwele zabo zivela ezinsukwini ezingama-51-59, amehlo evulekile cishe izinsuku ezingama-79, amazinyo aqala ukuqhuma izinsuku ezingaba ngu-90 futhi aqede ngezinsuku eziyi-177 kuphela. Ngemuva kwamaviki ayisishiyagalombili, amawundlu ashiya isikhwama futhi isikhathi sokuzingela izintokazi ziphephela emgodini. Kusukela ezinsukwini ezingama-85, lapho amawundlu esevele esephelele ngokuphelele, kepha esencike kunina, azingela ebusuku naye, ngokuvamile abambelela emhlane wakhe, kepha kancane kancane ukuhlangana kokunyakaza kwawo kuthuthuka, futhi azimele ngokwawo. Eminyakeni eyi-100 yezinsuku, amawundlu ethu angavele abulale inyamazana yawo, futhi ngaphambi kwalokho, insikazi iyazisiza ukwenza lokhu.
Emvelweni, ukushona kweziduna zazo zombili lezocansi kuphansi kakhulu uma nje zihlala nonina, kodwa kuphezulu kakhulu ezinyangeni ezi-6 zokuqala zokuphila okuzimele. Amacube akhula ngokuphelele futhi avuthwe ngokocansi ngasekupheleni konyaka wokuqala wokuphila. Ngokuvamile, isikhathi sokuphila sama-quyl asempumalanga simfushane ngokuqhathaniswa nezilwane ezincelisayo ezinobukhulu obufanayo. Yize ama-quoll angaphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-7 ekuthunjweni (isilinganiso seminyaka emi-2 izinyanga ezine), ngokwemvelo aphile iminyaka engaphansi kwengu-3-4.
Habitat kanye nokudla
Ngokwemvelo, ama-angles ahlala ikakhulukazi emahlathini emvula ezigodini zemifula, kodwa kwesinye isikhathi atholakala ezivandeni ngisho nophahla lwamakhaya aphansi (ikakhulukazi ezikhathini zangaphambili). Baphila indlela yokuphila bebodwa nangabusuku. Ama-martens ama-mottled avame ukuzingela emhlabathini, kepha-ke, anhle ekukhuphukeni kwezihlahla. Emini bafuna isiphephelo emifantwini, ezinqwabweni zamatshe, emigodini yezihlahla, ngaphansi kwezimpande, emiseleni elahliwe nakwezinye izindawo ezivalekile. Izilwane zibeka indawo yokuphumula kosuku ngamagxolo notshani obomile.
Ama-quoll adla ezinhlobonhlobo zokuphakelwa: izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane nezinyoni, izibankwa nezinyoka, ama-crustaceans asemhlabeni, izinambuzane nezibungu zazo, iminyundu yenyama, utshani nezithelo. Ubukhulu besinyamazane kungenzeka ukuthi bungabi ngaphezu kwe-1.5 kg, yize ama-quoll ekwazi ukubulala inkukhu yasekhaya. Njengoba lawa marsupials engenawo amadivaysi okuchoboza amathambo amakhulu, angakwazi ukucubungula amathambo amancane kuphela. Emvelweni, ama-marsupial martens adla ngokudla izidumbu zezilwane ezibulewe ngamademoni aseTasmanian (lezi zakamuva ziyakwazi ukuhlikihla isidumbu sezilwane ezinesikhumba esikhulu).
Lalelani izwi lomfel 'ukholo
Uma kunesidingo esiphuthumayo, umfel 'ukholo angagibela esiqwini esivulekile. Esikhathini esishisa kakhulu, izilwane zicasha emihumeni, esihlakaleni semithi, phakathi kwamatshe. UMarten udonsela amagxolo notshani kulezi zindawo zokukhosela, akha izidleke.
Ama-Martens angakwazi ukugibela izihlahla ngobuchule, asuke kude nokujaha.
Isikhathi sokufuya sithatha ngoMeyi kuya kuSepthemba. I-Australia isebusika phakathi nalesi sikhathi. Owesifazane oyedwa uzala izingane ezingaphezu kwe-4; ekudingisweni, umfelokazi oyedwa odla izindwani wabeletha amawundlu angama-24. Kepha, ngeshwa, yilezo zingane kuphela ezisindayo ezingabokuqala ukuthola ingono futhi zinamathele kuso, futhi esikhwameni sikamama kukhona izingono eziyisithupha kuphela, ngakho-ke, ama-6 kuphela amathole aqine asinda.
Marten emfishane mink yayo.
Isikhwama semifino yalezi martens sihluke ngokuphelele esikhwameni se-kangaroo: sakhiwa kuphela ngenkathi yokuzalanisa, ngenkathi sidluliselwa emsileni. Izinsana azishiyi isikhwama sikamama cishe amasonto ayi-8, emva kwalokho zihlala emgodini ngenkathi izingela insikazi.
Uma kunesidingo, amathole ahamba ngomhlane kamama. Lapho inzalo ikhula ibe ngamaviki angama-18-20, ishiya umama. Ama-marsupial marsupial martens, njengezilwane eziningi zase-Australia, asencwadini ebomvu.
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