Phakathi kwabameleli abaningi bomndeni wekati lynx, ayivezi kuphela ukubukeka kwayo kwangempela, kodwa nokuziphatha kwayo. Nawa amaqiniso athakazelisayo nge-lynx.

1. I-Lynx ayithandi ngokukhethekile izimpungushe futhi, lapho kungenzeka, izama ukuziqothula. Lokhu kuchazwa yisifiso sezimpungushe ukudla isidlo sasemzini, ngakho-ke uma i-lynx ibona impungushe eduzane, ilinda eduze kwesisulu sayo. Lapho-ke, ebamba umzuzu, uhlasela isela. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi i-lynx ayidli impungushe efile, kodwa imane ishiye isendaweni yayo.

2. Isimo se-lynx sivame ukutholakala ku-heraldry, personaring acuity visual. Ochwepheshe babeke phambili i-hypothesis - ejokeni lengalo yeFinland kunesithombe se-lynx, hhayi ibhubesi.

3. Ukuzwa kwe-lynx kuhle kakhulu, ngakho-ke iyakwazi ukuzwa izinyathelo zabantu kude ngamakhilomitha ambalwa. Lapho uzingela i-lynx, kufanele ukhombise ubuciko bangempela.

4. Ukhuluma ngamaqiniso ajabulisayo nge-lynx, kufanele kuphawulwe ubudlelwano phakathi kwalesi silwane nomuntu. I-Lynx ingaphula kalula intamo yomuntu, kepha ukuhlaselwa okunqabile kuyivelakancane - bathambekele ekugwemeni abantu. Kunenkolelo yokuthi ukubona i-lynx kuyimpumelelo enhle kumuntu.

5. AmaGrikhi asendulo ayekholelwa emandleni e-lynx ukubona izinto ngokusebenzisa. Ngakho-ke, lesi silwane saqanjwa ngegama ukuhlonipha iqhawe eliyinganekwane uLucius, owayenamakhono anjalo. Ama-Amber abhekwa njengamaGrikhi njengomchamo we-lynx.

6. Umphakathi wososayensi base-Italy ngonyaka we-1603 wasungula i-Academy of Lynxes, leyo uGalileo wayeyilungu layo. Umgomo oyinhloko wabafundi bekuwukulwa nobandlululo nokufuna iqiniso. I-lynx, edwengula imichilo yaseCerberus, yayifanekisela ukukhululwa kwabantu ebumnyameni bokungazi ngolwazi lwesayensi.

7. Imisipha ezindlebeni inika umsuka we-lynx. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngaphandle kwalawa mabhulashi ukuzwa kwendlwana yesilwane kuncishiswa kakhulu.

8. ILynxes, yakha umbhangqwana, umhlangano owabanjwa ngokwesiko elikhethekile. Abantu abamelene nomunye nomunye baqala isibani esikhanyayo ngamabunzi abo.

9. Ngenxa yoboya obuhle kakhulu nobushushu bama-lynxes, aqothulwa isikhathi eside. Manje lesi silwane sisohlwini lweNcwadi ebomvu futhi sivikelwe.

10. Lapho ihamba kancane, i-lynx ibeka umlenze wayo wasemuva endaweni yaphansi yangaphambili yayo. Lapho abantu abaningana behamba, ama-bobcats angemuva eza ngqo phambi kwethrekhi. Kukhona futhi amazinyane amahlosi nezimpisi.

UMnu Cat uyancoma: incazelo, izici, indawo

I-Iberian, iSpanishi noma iPyrenean Lynxes (Lynx pardinus) zingamakati asendle wohlobo lweLynx ahlala eNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia eningizimu-ntshonalanga Yurophu (eningizimu yeSpain eduze nomngcele nePortugal), okungelolo uhla lwe-IUCN olubomvu olusengozini.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21, i-Iberian Lynx yayisisondele kakhulu ekuqothulweni, ngoba babalelwa ku-100 kuphela abantu abasindayo emiphakathini emibili engayodwa e-Andalusia. Izinyathelo zokugcina izilwane ezasala, ezaqala ukusebenza kusuka ngonyaka we-2002, zifaka phakathi ukwenza indawo yokuhlala, ukuphinda kugcwaliswe isitoko semithombo yokudla, ukuhamba nokuxazulula ama-Lynxes angama-Iberian kule ndawo, ukuze ngonyaka ka-2012 inani labantu lenyuke laya kubantu abangama-326. Njengomzamo wokusindisa le zinhlobo ekuqothulweni, amaphrojekthi athuthukiswa futhi asetshenziswa njengengxenye yohlelo olukhethekile.

Phambilini obekubhekwe njengengxenye ye-Eurasian Lynx (Lynx lynx), iSpanish manje sehlukaniswa njengohlobo oluhlukile. Zombili lezi zinhlobonhlobo zahlangana ndawonye eCentral Europe ePleistocene futhi zakhiwa njengamagatsha ahlukene eLate Pleistocene. Kukholakala ukuthi lesi sidlwengu sivela kukhokho wasendulo uLynx issiodorensis.

I-Iberian Lynx ibone uboya obuqinile futhi obuqinile kusukela kuphuzi kuya kofiphele, umzimba obuqinile, imilenze emide, umsila omfishane, inhloko encane enezindlebe ezivuthayo kanye nobuso obudlanzekile nobuso obude budebhi.

Ubude bekhanda nomzimba wesilisa kusuka ku-74.7 kuya ku-82 cm, ngomsila kusuka ku-12,5 kuya ku-16 cm nesisindo esingu-7 kuye ku-15,9 kg. Abesilisa bakhulu kunabesifazane; ekugcineni, ubude kusukela ekhanda kuya emzimbeni busuka ku-68.2 kuya ku-77,5 cm, bese isisindo sifinyelela ku-10 kg.

Iphethini yoboya iyahlukahluka ngokufanayo futhi isatshalaliswa izindawo ezincane ukuze kube amamaki amade ngaphezulu atholakala emigqeni ancipha ngosayizi ukusuka emuva kuya ezinhlangothini.

ISpanish Lynx yake yahlala eNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia nangaseningizimu yeFrance. Ngawo-1950s, abantu basenyakatho basakazeka besuka oLwandle iMedithera baya eGalicia nasezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho nePortugal, kanti eziseningizimu kusuka enkabeni kuye eningizimu yeSpain.

Isibalo sabantu sehlile sisuka ku-15 ngeminyaka yo-1940 saya kwababili kuphela ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1990s, ikakhulukazi eMontes de Toledo naseSierra Morena.

Kuze kube ngu-1973, lezi zinhlobo zazikhona emathafeni asogwini weSierra de Gata, Montes de Toledo, empumalanga yeSara Morena, iSierra de Relumbrar neDoñana. Kusukela ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1960 kuya kowezi-2000, iPyrenees Lynx yalahlekelwa cishe yi-80% yohlu lwayo lwangaphambili futhi indawo okuyo manje seyilinganiselwe ezindaweni ezincane eningizimu yeSpain nokusatshalaliswa okusobala nje emathafeni asogwini eSerada Morena naseDoñana.

Ucwaningo lwe-mitochondrial DNA kusuka kwizinsalela zezinsalela, olushicilelwe ngoMashi 2015, luveza ukuthi i-Iberian Lynx yayinebanga elibanzi eLate Pleistocene naseHrecene, kufaka phakathi inyakatho ye-Italy naseningizimu yeFrance.

IPyrenees Lynx ithande indawo ehlukahlukene yamadlelo avulekile ahlanganiswe nezihlahla eziminyene njengama-sitrobheli, i-mastic, umjunipha, kanye nezihlahla, ikakhulukazi oki okwenziwe ngamatshe nangokhokho. Njengamanje, indawo yokusatshalaliswa iphelele kuphela ezindaweni zezintaba.

Lalela izwi le-Pyrenees Lynx

Njengoba kujwayelekile, kuwo wonke ama-lynxes anemilenze emide emikhulu, ezindlebeni kukhona amakhekhe amnyama, futhi kukhona nomsila omfushane, isihloko sawo udwetshwe mnyama. Esihlalweni sezimbali ezinhlangothini kukhona ijazi elide, ngesimo sezintsheya. Ubesehlale endle cishe iminyaka eyishumi nantathu.

Isebenzisa ikakhulu kumdlalo omncane - ama hares kanye nogwaja, kuhlasela kuphela amazinyane wenyathi ngezikhathi ezithile.

I-Lynyl Pyrenees lynx, njengezihlobo zayo, inesizungu. Amaduna aqapha ngokucophelela izindawo zawo zokuzingela, ezivame ukufinyelela kumamitha ayi-15. amakhilomitha. Abesifazane kuphela abangangena endaweni yabo. Isizungu sama-lynxes kuphela kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, esiqala ngoJanuwari kuya kuJulayi. Izibopho zokukhulisa inzalo zinikezwa owesimame kuphela, ubaba akahlanganyeli kuzo.

Ebusika, uboya ePyrenees lynx uyadambisa bese eba mncane.

Lapho elungiselela ukuzalwa kwezingane, umama uthola indawo ecashile ngendlela yesikhala esiqwini se-oki ye-oki noma emathangeni afanele. Izinsuku ezingamashumi ayisikhombisa ngemuva kokuzalela, ama kittens eyodwa kuya kwamane azalwa, enesisindo esingamagremu angamakhulu amabili. Kuze kufike ezinyangeni ezinhlanu, bondla ubisi lukamama, noma sebevele bekudla ukudla okujwayelekile kubo ngenyanga. Zizingela ngokuzimela ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisikhombisa. Futhi ngaphandle kwalokhu, amawundlu ahlala eduzane nonina aze athole izindawo zawo zokuzingela. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka kuze kube yiminyaka emibili.

Icala lokuqala lokuzala i-lynx lasePyrenean lithunjiwe livela ngoMashi 29, 2005.

Umsebenzi weLynx kuya ngesikhathi sonyaka. Ebusika, uyazingela emini, bese ehlobo, abalekele ukushisa, ikakhulukazi ebusuku. I-Iberian lynx ingumhlaseli oshesha kakhulu ekudleni. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ingadla kuma-rodices nezinyamazane ezincane, ukudla okuphezulu kungama hares kanye nonogwaja. Phambilini, onogwaja bebegcwele kulezi zindawo, kepha manje konke sekuhlukile. Maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, igciwane laseNingizimu Melika lanciphisa inani labo. Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yalokhu, inani le-lynx yaseSpain lehlile kakhulu.

Ngokwezibalo zango-2005, inani labantu base-Iberia lynx bangabantu abayikhulu kuphela.

Ukuze ondle ngisho nenani elincane lama-lynxes ase-Iberia, kufanele ube nenani elikhulu lomvundla we-alpine. Ngo-2005, isibalo safinyelela iphuzu elibucayi, elalingadluli kubantu abayikhulu. Ngenxa yosongo lokuqothulwa, lolu hlobo luhlelwe ku-Red Book, Isithasiselo I CITES, nasezihlwini ze-World Conservation Union.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.

Izici zokuziphatha

U-Iberian Lynx uhola indlela yokuphila eyedwa. Ukhetha ukuzingela eyedwa, uyakwazi ukulandela isisulu sakhe noma alinde amahora amaningi ngemuva kwesihlahla noma itshe kuze kube yilapho inyamazana selisondele ngokwanele ukuba ligasele kuye.

Abantu abasha banezindawo zabo zokuzingela ezinobubanzi obungaphezu kwamamitha skwele. km Ubungako bensimu abuyi kuphela esimeni somzimba sesilwane, kodwa nasekutholakaleni kokuphakelwa kokudla.

I-Iberian Lynxes, njengomthetho, idinga isikhala esincane samamitha ayi-5 kuye kwangama-20. km, futhi nesibalo sabantu besifazane abangama-50, abahlomisa umhume noma bondla inzalo, kuthatha cishe amamitha ayi-500. km

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi, ngemuva kokusungulwa kwendawo yokuzingela yomuntu, lezi zindawo zivame ukuzinza ngosayizi iminyaka eminingi, futhi imingcele yazo ivame ukudlula emigwaqweni nasezindleleni.

I-Iberian Lynx imaka indawo yayo ngomchamo nezindunduma ezishiywe emizileni noma emimangweni, bese ikhahlela ekhonkolweni zezihlahla.

Indawo

Kukhona i-lynx yasePyrenean eningizimu-nentshonalanga yeSpain (iningi layo liseCoto Doñana National Park), yize ekuqaleni laligcwele eSpain nasePortugal. Manje ububanzi bayo bunqunyelwe endaweni yezintaba.

I-Iberian lynx ithande indawo enamadlelo aluhlaza evulekile exutshwe nezihlahla eziminyene njengama-sitrobheli, i-mastic nejuniper, kanye nezihlahla ezinjengetshe le-cork.

Phambilini, i-lynx yase-Iberia nayo yayihlala eNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia nangaseningizimu yeFrance. Ngawo-1950s, indawo yokuhlala yasenyakatho yasuka eMedithera yaya kwelaseGalicia kanye nezingxenye ezisenyakatho nePortugal, neningizimu isuka enkabeni iye eningizimu yeSpain. Ubungako babantu bokwehla besuka kwangaphansi kwe-15 ngeminyaka yo-1940 kuya kokuphindaphindwe kabili ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1990.

Kuze kube ngu-1973, i-lynx yase-Iberia futhi yayihlala emathafeni asogwini weSierra de Gata, iMontes de Toledo, empumalanga yeSara Morena, iSierra de Relumbrar neDoñana. Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1960 nowe-2000, yalahlekelwa cishe yi-80% yezindawo zayo. Njengamanje, i-lerix yase-Iberia ingatholakala kuphela ezindaweni ezinomkhawulo eningizimu yeSpain, emathafeni asogwini weSierra Morena naseDoñana.

Isabelo sokudla

I-Iberian Lynx incane kunezihlobo zayo ezisenyakatho futhi imvamisa isebenzisa izilwane ezincane, ezingenkulu kune hares. Ibuye ihlukanise ukukhetha kwakhe kwendawo yokuhlala, okungukuthi, izindawo ezivulekile kakhulu kunezezinto eziza kuqala zokuhlala kwezinhlobo zase-Yurobhu ezazihlala emahlathini.

I-Iberian lynx ngokuyinhloko izingela unogwaja wase-Europe (i-Oryctolagus cuniculus), okwakha iningi lokudla komuntu owedlayo.

Uhlu lwezisulu ezingenzeka lingahle lengezwe yi-pararidge enezinyawo ezibomvu, izinduku futhi, ngezinga elincane, futhi nezilwane zasendle ezingathandeki. Kwesinye isikhathi isilo sisebenzisa inyamazane enkulukazi, inyamazane enkulukazi, ama-mouflon namadada.

Iduna lidinga unogwaja owodwa ngosuku, kanti insikazi edla amathole iyodla kuze kube kathathu ngasikhathi sinye.

I-Pyrenees Lynx inokuzivumelanisa okuphansi, namanje kuncike kakhulu kwinani labantu onogwaja, okwenza ama-75% okudla kwayo kwansuku zonke, naphezu kokuwohloka okuphindaphindiwe kwenani lokugcina ngenxa yezifo ezimbili ezaqhuma phakathi kokuphakelwa kokudla - i-myxomatosis, ebhebhetheka kulo lonke i-Iberia ngemuva kokuba uPaul-Felix Armand-Delisle ethule onogwaja eFrance ngonyaka we-1952, kanye nesifo se-hemorrhagic isifo, esasiqala ngo-1988.

Ngo-2011 nango-2012, kwaqubuka izifo ezimbili ezinkulu. Ukubuyiselwa emuva kwabonwa kuphela ezindaweni ezithile - ngonyaka ka-2013, ukugcwala kakhulu konogwaja eningizimu yeCordoba kwaqoshwa, kwaba nomphumela wokulinyazwa kwengqalasizinda yezokuthutha kanye nasemapulazini.

Kodwa-ke, ngoDisemba 2013, kwabikwa ukuthi abamele izilwane zasendle bakhathazekile ngokusabalala kohlobo lwesifo esisha se-hemorrhagic esithinta ikakhulukazi onogwaja abancane. Isibalo sabantu esithinteke kakhulu yisizinda sokuphakelwa kweLynx eSierra Moren, esihle ngokwesilinganiso sisuka kwabathathu ngehektha siye ngaphansi kwesilinganiso esisodwa, esingaphansi kwesilinganiso esidingekayo se-1.5-2 ngehektha ngalinye.

Baphoqelelwa ukuba bahambe amabanga amade okudla, i-Iberian Lynx yatheleka kakhulu ekufeni kwezingozi zomgwaqo.

I-Spanish Lynx incintisana nezisulu nge-fox ebomvu (i-Vulpes vulpes), i-mongoose yaseGibhithe (Herpestes ichneumon), ikati lasendle laseYurophu (uFelis silvestris silvestris) kanye nofuzo (genetta genetta).

AbaseSpain Lynx bangabazingeli abahle kakhulu abane-acuity emangalisayo ebonakalayo, ukuzwa okuhle kanye nokunuka kwephunga. Bangazingela bobabili emagatsheni aphansi ezihlahla, bagxume ngokungazelele isisulu esidlula ngendlela, balinde inyamazane abaqamekele phakathi kwamadwala.

Isilwane sithanda ukuthatha isidumbu sisuse endaweni yokuzingela futhi sidle buthule endaweni eseceleni. Uma kunenyama eningi, abakwaLynx bazokwenza isilondolozi, esizofika ngosuku olulandelayo.

Ukuthomba nokuzala

Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, insikazi ishiya insimu yayo iyofuna owesilisa. Ukukhulelwa okujwayelekile kuthatha izinyanga ezimbili, ama-kittens azalwa ngoMashi kuya kuSepthemba, futhi ukuzalwa kwesiqongo kwenzeka ngoMashi nango-Ephreli. Ilitha liqukethe ama-cubic amabili noma amathathu (kuyaqabukela elilodwa, amane noma amahlanu) anesisindo kusuka ku-200 kuya ku-250 amagremu.

Intsha iyazimela phakathi kweminyaka eyisikhombisa nengu-10, kodwa ihlala nonina isikhathi esingangonyaka nezinyanga eziyi-8. Ukusinda kwabancane kuncike kakhulu ekutholakaleni kwephango. Endle, abesilisa nabesilisa bafinyelela ekuthweni benonyaka owodwa, kepha uma bezilolonga kuyaqabukela bezala kuze kube kuvela izindawo zokuzingela zamahhala.

Iminyaka eminingi, ochwepheshe babuka owesimame ongazange azale iminyaka emihlanu kuze kufe umama wakhe. Isilinganiso sokuphila isikhathi eside endle yiminyaka eyi-13.

Abafowethu nodadewethu baba izimbangi phakathi kwezinsuku ezingama-30 nezingama-60, bafinyelela ezinsukwini ezingama-45. Ikati livame ukubulala umakhelwane walo empini ebabayo. Akukaziwa ukuthi kungani kwenzeka lokhu kuqubuka kwezihluku, yize ososayensi abaningi bekholelwa ukuthi lokhu kungenxa yoshintsho emazingeni e-hormonal lapho ingane isuka ebisini lukanina iye enyameni. Abanye banesiqiniseko sokuthi lokhu kungenxa yobukhosi obuphakathi kwesibalo nokukhethwa kwemvelo lapho abafanelekileyo besinda.

Ubunzima bokuthola abalingani bokuzilandela phakathi kweSpanish Lynx kuholele enanini elikhulu lamacala okuzala, okubangela ukwehla kwezinga lokuzalwa kanye nenani elikhulu lamaqiniso okufa okungezona okulimazayo kwezilwane ezincane.

Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukwanda inzalo kuholela ekunciphiseni kwezinga lesidoda kanye nokwanda kokungazali emadodeni, nakho-ke, okuvimbela ukwakheka kwezimpawu ezinhle kakhulu zezingane ukuqinisekisa ukuzivumelanisa nezinhlobo zezilwane.

Ngenxa yokwenziwa kabusha nezinye izindlela zemvelo, i-Iberian Lynx namuhla isuka esigabeni sezinhlobo ezisengozini yokuzibeka engcupheni.

Inani elincane labantu lenza ikati yasendle ibe sengozini yokuqothulwa ezenzakalweni ezingahleliwe ezinjengengozi yemvelo noma ukugula.

Izindlela zokulondolozwa zifaka ukubuyisela indawo yokuhlala yemvelo, ukulondolozwa kwenqwaba yemivundla yasendle, ukunciphisa izimbangela zokungafi, nokuzala iSpanish Lynx ekudingisweni ukuze kukhululwe okulandelayo kube yimvelo yemvelo.

I-Spanish National Commission for Natural Conservation ivume uhlelo lokulondolozwa kwe-Iberian Lynx ku-vivo, futhi isiza nokwakha abantu abasha abasatshalaliswa ngokukhululekile ngezinhlelo zokuphinda benze umsebenzi wokuphinda basebenze.

Ngaphambi kokukhulula amakati athunjiwe, imikhuba yawo yemvelo ingalingiswa ukuwalungiselela impilo yasendle.

Ucwaningo lusebenzisa uhlelo lokuqapha olungabonakali, kufaka phakathi amakhamera ukulandelela ukwanda kwabantu bobabili onogwaja kanye nonogwaja abahlala eSierra Moren.

I-Iberian Lynx ivikelwe ngokuphelele, futhi ayisavunyelwa ukuzingela izilwane.

Usongo kumdlwenguli luyaqhubeka lubangelwe yilahleko yendawo ngenxa yokungena ngaphansi kwezimoto, ubuthi, ukufa okuvela ezinjeni zasendle, ukuzingela ngokungemthetho kanye nokuqubuka ngengozi kwe-cat leukemia.

Izilwane ezifuywe ngokungemthetho ekudingisweni zivame ukuthinteka ukwehluleka okungapheli kwe-renal, okubuye kuvimbele ukwanda kabusha kwesibalo sabantu bala makati amangalisayo.

Ukulahleka kwendawo kubangelwa ikakhulukazi ingqalasizinda ethuthukisiwe, ukuthuthukiswa kwamadolobha nezindawo zokuhweba kanye nokuqothulwa kwezihlahla, okuhlukanisa ukusatshalaliswa kweLynx.

Ngo-2013, kwabikwa ukuthi iPyrenees Lynx iyinkimbinkimbi yokugaya ukudla kwamagciwane alwa nemithi elwa namagciwane, okungaholela ekutheni kube yingozi futhi kube nzima ukwelapha izifo futhi kubhebhethekisa isimo sabantu.

Ucwaningo olwenziwe ngawo lowo nyaka lubonisa ukuthi ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kungasongela i-Iberia Lynx ngenxa yokungakwazi ukuzivumelanisa kahle nezimo ezintsha noma kuholele ekufudukeni kwabo ezindaweni ezinombuso wokushisa ofanele kakhulu, kepha onogwaja abambalwa, okuthi, kuholela futhi ekwandeni kokufa kwabantu phakathi kwezilwane.

Kwenziwa imizamo yokuphatha ukuze kulondolozwe futhi kubuyiselwe uhla lwemvelo lwesilwane. Ochwepheshe abahlose ukukhipha i-Spanish Lynx eyabelwe ekudingisweni, bafuna amasayithi anendawo efanelekile, izinombolo zonogwaja kanye nesimo sobungani sabantu bendawo.

Cishe ama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-90 asetshenziswa ezenzakalweni ezahlukahlukene ukuze kulondolozwe inani lekati lasendle elihlukile esikhathini esisuka ku-1994 kuya ku-2018, i-European Union nayo iyasiza, kuze kufike ku-61% wemali evela kulo.

Ngo-Agasti 2012, abacwaningi bamemezela ukuthi i-Iberian lynx genome ilandwe, yaqoshwa.

Ososayensi futhi bahlela ukuhlolwa okukhethekile kwezinsalela ze-Lynx esekudala zafa ukuqeda ukulahleka kokuhlukahluka kofuzo nokwenza ngcono izinhlelo zokonga. NgoDisemba 2012, kwabikwa ukuthi abaphenyi bathola izinsalela ezingama-466 ama-Iberian Lynxes eqoqweni labucala neliminyuziyamu. Kodwa-ke, balinganisela ukuthi ama-40% amasampula alahlekile eminyakeni engama-20 edlule.

I-Iberian Lynx inokuhlukahluka kofuzo okuphansi kunanoma iyiphi enye i-feline eyaziwa ukuthi ayimpofu ngokwezakhi zofuzo, njenge-cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus), izingonyama zamakhreyithi ne-Eurasian lynx eScandinavia. Abaphenyi bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kungahle kube ngenxa yokwehla kwesibalo sabantu kanye nokuhlukaniswa isikhathi eside. Ososayensi bahlongoze ukuhlanganisa amaqembu amaningana abantu ukwehlisa izinga lokuzala.

Abesifazane abathathu bahlala eSherry Zoo, futhi ongoti bahlakulela uhlelo lokuzalela. Omunye walaba bantu uSaliga, owabanjwa yizinjana ngo-Ephreli 2002. Waba ngowokuqala u-Iberian Lynx ukuzala ekudingisweni, wabeletha amawundlu amathathu anempilo ngoMashi 29, 2005, esikhungweni sokuzalela i-El Acebuche, eDoñana Natural Park eHuelva, eSpain.

Eminyakeni eyalandela, inani lamalitha landa, kwavulwa nezinye izikhungo zokufuya. Ngo-Mashi 2009, kwabikwa ukuthi ama-kittens angama-27 azalwa kusukela kuqale lolu hlelo, manje sekukhona amanye amaningi. Uhulumeni waseSpain uhlela ukusungula i-nursery ebiza ama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-5.5 eZarza de Granadilla. EPortugal, iLince Iberico National Center for Reproduction (CNRLI) yasungula isikhungo sokuzalela izilwane eSilves.

U-Iberian Lynx phambilini wayeqashelwa ekudingisweni eJerez Zoo kuphela, kusukela ngoDisemba 2014 usehlale eLisbon, futhi kusukela ngoJulayi 2016 eMadrid. Ngaphezu kwalokho, manje iPyrenees Lynx itholakala futhi yathuthukiswa ngokuyisimangaliso eNational Park yaseDoñana naseSierra de Andujar.

Kukhona ne-Iberian Lynx Reproduction Center eduzane nedolobhana laseVale Fuseiros, eduze nedolobha laseSilves ePortugal.

Ukuzala

Ama-lynxes ama-Pyrenean ayizilwane ezi-polygynous, okungukuthi, owesilisa oyedwa angaganana hhayi nowesifazane oyedwa, kodwa nabaningana. I-Lynx izala kanye ngonyaka. Isikhathi sokuzalela yinde impela futhi ihlangana ne-estrus kwabesifazane - kusuka kuJanuwari kuya kuJulayi. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-72 kuye kwezingama-78. Inani lokuzalwa lenzeka ezinyangeni zokuqala zasentwasahlobo - Mashi no-Ephreli. Njengoba sekushiwo, insikazi iyazala ihlumela elingaphansi kwesihlahla noma ifune izimbobo ezihlahleni ze-oki. Njengomthetho, kuzalwa amawundlu amathathu anesisindo esingama-gramu angama-250, kwesinye isikhathi afinyelela ezinhlanu, kuphela ingxenye yawo iyafa. Umama kuphela ophathiswe ukukhulisa, izingane ezinakekela izingane azinandaba nezingane, cishe njalo emavikini amathathu, njengoba amakati ekhula, umzali efuna umhodi omkhulu futhi ahudule izingane lapho. Wenza lokhu ukuze inzalo iphephe futhi, njengoba kulindeleke, ukuze igweme ukutheleleka okukhulu ngezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene.

Ama-kittens asevele adla inyama eluhlaza enyangeni yawo yesibili yokuphila, kepha umama wawo ubondla ubisi izinyanga ezingaba mihlanu. Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, amabhungu amancane ngokwawo asevele aqala ukuzingela, kepha aze athathe isinqumo ngokuphelele sendawo yokuzingela (cishe izinyanga ezingama-20), ayahlala nonina.

Umsoco

Ukwakheka kwesigebhe nemihlathi kuvumela i-lynx ukubamba ngekhono izilwane ezincane. Usayizi omncane ohlanganiswe nokufihlakala ubenza babe abazingeli abahle kakhulu bezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane.

I-Iberian lynx ingumzingeli odwa, isisekelo sokudla kwakhe onogwaja. Kwisilwane esidala, udle okungenani isidumbu esisodwa ngosuku. Futhi, hares kanye namagundwane ahlukahlukene, izinyoka nezinyoni kuphenduka inyamazane. I-Iberian lynx ibamba izinhlanzi emachibini futhi ibambe futhi idle izinambuzane ezigogekayo. Kwenzeka ukuthi inyamazane iyinkungu yenyoka, inyamazane noma umousflon.

Njengoba unamehlo amahle futhi unephunga, imvamisa i-lynx ihamba egatsheni lesihlahla noma endaweni yokukhosela emadwaleni bese ilindela indlela isisulu esizohlasela ngayo. Umzingeli obonayo akawadli inyamazane masinyane - uwuthatha ngaphambi kwesikhathi abese edla. Uma ingaphumeleli ukubhekana nazo zonke izinyamazane, iyacasha bese iyadliwa kusasa.

Indlela yokuphila, isimilo

I-Iberian lynx ingumhlaseli ophilayo ophila yedwa. Babonisa umsebenzi kusihlwa, futhi bathembele ngqo emisebenzini yokuphangwa - unogwaja wasePyrenees. Ebusika, lapho unogwaja uphila impilo yansuku zonke, i-lynx nayo ishintshela kwimodi efanayo.

Isilwane ngasinye sinesakhiwo saso, abesilisa banamakhilomitha-skwele angama-18, izintokazi zinokuncane - kufinyelela ku-10. Izindawo zazo ziyagqagqana, ubulili ngabunye buvikela izinto zalo kubantu abangabazi nezinsongo ezingaba khona. Ama-Lynxes amaka imingcele yezindawo ngosizo lwephunga - amaka ngomchamo noma nge-excrement, ashiya ukubhuqa ezihlahleni.

Uma kunokudla okuncane empahleni, khona-ke ama-lynxes anolaka futhi abulale ezinye izilwane, azibone njengabancintisana. Izisulu zabo yizimpungushe, ama-otter, izinja ezijwayelekile, ama-mongooses.

Izinsongo

Njengoba ama-lynxes asePyrenean ekuxhumeni kokudla ethatha omunye wemigqa ephezulu, azinazitha zemvelo. Ukuphela komuntu ongabhekwa njengesitha ngumuntu. Ngenxa yoboya obuhle, ingxenye enkulu ye-lynx yaseSpain yabulawa, futhi manje isengamaphesenti amabili kuphela esamba esasikhona ngekhulu le-19.

Isimo sokuphepha

I-Iberian lynx luhlobo lwezilwane ezincelisayo ezisengozini yokushesha. Uma ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 - ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 kwakukhona amakhophi angaphezu kwenkulungwane, lapho maphakathi nekhulu lama-20 kwasala ngaphezulu kwenkulungwane ezintathu, futhi ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21 - izilwane ezingamakhulu amane kuphela. Lesi silwane asibhalwe ohlwini lweNcwadi ebomvu kuphela, kepha futhi luzo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlu nemihlangano enikelwe izilwane ezisengozini.

Kudalwe uhlelo olukhethekile lokuzalela ama-lynx ekudingisweni, oluzokwenza ukuthi sikwazi ukubuyisa inani labantu.

Ukubukeka

I-lerix yase-Iberia ibone kanye noboya obufushane ukusuka ophuzi kuya kofile, umzimba omfushane, imilenze emide nomsila omfushane. Unekhanda elincane elinamadlebe e-fleecy kanye amadevu okuthiwa. Ukuphakama lapho kubuna khona kungama-45-70 cm, ubude be-lynx buyi-75-100 cm (29.4–32.3 inches), kufaka nomsila omfushane (12-30 cm), isisindo esingu-13-16 kg. (Amakhilogremu ayi-15 kuye kwangama-35).

Abesilisa banobukhulu obukhulu nesisindo kunabesifazane abesilisa abanobude bekhanda kuya komzimba cishe bubalelwa ku-68.2 kuya ku-77,5 cm (26.9 kuya ku-30,5 inches) futhi bangaba nesisindo kusuka ku-9.2 kuye ku-10 kg (amakhilogremu angama-20 kuye kwangama-22).

Iphethini yoboya iyahlukahluka ngokufanayo futhi isatshalaliswa izindawo ezincane ezindaweni ezingamaphiko ezinze ezitholakala emigqeni encipha ngosayizi ukusuka emuva kuya ezinhlangothini.

Ezokuphepha

I-Iberian lynx ingenye yezinhlobo zezilwane ezincelisayo ezingavamile. Ngokwezibalo zango-2005, inani labantu bakhona lingabantu abayikhulu kuphela. Ukuqhathanisa: ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XX kwakukhona abacishe babe yizinkulungwane eziyikhulu, ngonyaka ka-1960 - sekuvele izinkulungwane ezintathu, ngo-2000 - bengama-400 kuphela. Kuhlanganiswe neSithasiselo I CITES (Umhlangano Wokuhwebelana Kwamazwe Ngamazwe Asengozini Yokuphila Kwezilwane Zasendle Nezimbali), kanye nohlu lwe-World Conservation Union (IUCN), esigabeni I (izilwane ezisengozini).

Ucwaningo

Ngo-Agasti 2012, abacwaningi bamemezela ukuthi i-Iberian lynx genome ekugcineni yatholakala futhi yahlolwa. NgoDisemba 2012, kwaziwa ukuthi abacwaningi bathola izinsalela zama-lynxes angama-466 amaIberia kumaqoqo ayimfihlo naweminyuziyamu. Kodwa-ke, balinganisela ukuthi cishe ama-40% amasampula alahleka eminyakeni engama-20 edlule.

Ukwehlukahluka kofuzo kwe-lynx yase-Iberia kuphansi kunokwabanye abamele abanye abomndeni we-feline (kufaka phakathi izingululeAcinonyx jubatus), amabhubesi engwevu yaseNgorongoro nama-lynxes ase-Scasiina eScandinavia). Abaphenyi bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yokwehla kwenani labantu nokuhlukaniswa kwezinhlobo.

Ucwaningo lwango-2013 luveze umehluko oqinile kofuzo phakathi kwabantu be-lynx eDoñana nase-Andujar, bobabili imvamisa ye-alleles nokwakheka kwabo. Abokuqala babehluke kakhulu kunabantu bendabuko ngenxa yokuhlukaniswa kwabo isikhathi eside nobukhulu obuncane babantu.

Indlela Yokuphila Nempilo

Ngaphezu kwesikhathi sokuzalela, i-lynx yase-Iberia ihola indlela yokuphila yodwa, ivikela indawo yayo kubantu bangaphandle. Osayizi balesi sigaba asukela ku-10 (kwabesifazane) kuya ku-18 (emadodeni) km2. Imingcele yesakhiwo ingahluka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi kuya ngenani lomvundla. Indawo yesidoda igcwele izingxenye zezinsikazi ezithile; uyabavumela ukuba bangene esifundeni sabo. Imaka imingcele yensimu yayo ngamamaki, umchamo, ukumbumbuluzwa kanye nokuklaba egangeni lezihlahla.

I-Iberian Lynx ungumzingeli okhethekile, futhi unezici eziningi ezikuvumela ukuthi ubambe ngokungafanele futhi ubulale inyamazane encane. Unesigaqa esifushane esikhulisa amandla wokulunywa yi-fang. Isibalo se-Iberian lynx sinciphile, imihlathi yinde futhi incane kuneziphuphe kunezilwane ezidla inyamazane enkulu. Kakhulu Pyrenean lynx inyamazane onogwaja baseYurophu, okwenza iningi lokudla (79-87%), hares (14-6%) namagundane (7-3%). Owesilisa udinga ukudla unogwaja owodwa ngosuku, inzalo yezalukazi engabafazi idinga onogwaja abathathu ngosuku. I-Lynx nayo idla izilobe nezilwane ezihuquzelayo, izinyoni, izinhlanzi nezinambuzane, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ihlasela ama-roe deer noma ama-deer cubs.

Ngenkathi efudumele, i-lynx yaseSpain iyasebenza ebusuku, futhi ebusika phakathi nosuku. Esimweni sezulu esibi, ucasha emihumeni noma ezihlahleni ezigcwele. I-lynx isebenza kahle, ithuthukise kahle ukuhogela nokuhogela - ivumela ama-lynx ukubona inyamazane ibanga elingafika kumamitha angama-300. Lesi sidlwengu singahamba ibanga elingamakhilomitha ayisikhombisa ngosuku (ngesikhathi sokuzingela). I-Lynx imvamisa izingela kumqamekeli - icashe egatsheni lesihlahla, ngemuva kwesiqu noma idwala, ilindela ukuthi ohlukunyeziwe asondele ngokwanele ukuba ayihlasele. I-lynx ithwala inyamazane ebanjiswe endaweni yokubulala ibanga elithile futhi yilapho kuphela-ke eqala ukusidla. Akudliwanga ingxenye kushiya ngakusasa.

Isimo sokuLondolozwa

I-Iberian Lynx - Enye yezinhlobo zezilwane ezincelisayo ezingakaze zibonwe eMhlabeni. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XX, kwakukhona cishe izinkulungwane eziyikhulu, ngonyaka ka-1960 - sekuvele izinkulungwane ezintathu, ngo-2000 - izilwane ezingama-400 kuphela. Njengamanje, inani le-Iberian lynx lilinganiselwa kubantu abangama-250. I-Iberian lynx ibhalwe ku-Appendix I CITES (Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora), futhi ohlwini lwe-World Conservation Union (IUCN), esigabeni I (izilwane ezisengozini).

Kunohlelo lokuzala lokuthunjwa lala makati. ISpain ihlela ukuhlela isikhungo esikhethekile lapho abamele izinhlobo zalezi zinhlobo zizofakwa khona, bafuna ukwenza isikhungo esifanayo ePortugal. Icala lokuqala lokuzala i-lynx yasePyrenean ekudingisweni lenzeka ngoMashi 29, 2005, kwathi ngo-2006 kwazalwa amakati ama-kittens angama-4 ekudingisweni. Muva nje, bekunokwenzeka ukusungula ukuzalaniswa kwe-Iberia yase-Iberia ekudingisweni eSpain futhi kukhishwe endle, kuthunyelwe ePortugal. Izazi zokuma komhlaba zithole ukuthi ngemuva kokuwohloka okuqhubekayo kwesibalo se-lynx ukusuka ngonyaka we-2002 kuya ku-2012, manje abantu bakhona sebeqala ukululama kancane kancane. Lokhu kunikeze ososayensi isizathu sokususa izinhlobo zezilwane zisengozini enkulu ziye ezinhlotsheni ezisengozini yokuqothulwa.

Futhi nokho, ngokusho kososayensi, ama-Pyrenees lynx angafa ngemuva kweminyaka engama-50. Ukutholwa kwabaphenyi kushicilelwe ephephabhukwini i-Nature Climate Change. Isizathu sokufa okusondelayo kwe-lynx ukuncipha kwenani lomvundla wasendle, okwenza ama-80-99% wokudla kwalo. Unogwaja wasendle, naye, uyafa ngenxa yokudoba ngokweqile, i-myxomatosis, eyalethwa isuka e-Iberia eFrance ngo-1952, nomkhuhlane we-hemorrhagic, futhi futhi ngenxa yokwehliswa kwendawo yemvelo ebangelwa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu. Ososayensi baxwayisa ngokuthi yonke imizamo yokumisa ukuqothulwa kwe-lynx yasePyrenean izothuthukiswa uma isici sokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nethonya saso kubantu balesi silwane singabhekwa. I-Pyrenees lynx yaphenduka ipulasitiki encane ekukhetheni kwezinto zokudla futhi iyaqhubeka nokudla onogwaja, ngisho nasezimweni zokuncipha okukhulu kwamanani abo. Akakwazi ukuzingela izilwane ezinkulu ngenxa yobukhulu bakhe obuncane.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ukusindisa i-Pyrenean lynx (engozini yokuqothulwa), izazi zezilwane zaseJalimane zasebenzisa izimbungulu ezibulalayo i-Triatominae. Lezi zinambuzane zazisetshenziswa njengesirinji ukuthatha igazi kubantu besifazane okusolwa ukuthi likhulelwe, ngokusho kweSayensi News. Njengoba wazi, ngenxa yengcindezi nokungabi nalwazi, ama-lynxes amancane ngokuvamile alahlekelwa yizingane zawo zokuqala, futhi ngenxa yalokho ososayensi babheka izilwane, bezama ukulandelela bonke abantu besifazane abakhulelwe. Ukuqinisekisa ukukhulelwa, udinga ukuhlolwa kwegazi, kepha ukwenza le nqubo usebenzisa isirinji ejwayelekile, izilwane kufanele zingagcwaliswa, okungaholela ekucindezelekeni, okwandisa ubungozi bokuphuphuma kwesisu.

Izimbungulu ezincela igazi ze-subfamily Triatominae azange zikhethwe ngengozi. I-proboscis yalezi zinambuzane icishe iphindwe izikhathi ezingama-30 kunenalithi yesirinji ejwayelekile. Baphinde bangenise izinto ezikhethekile emzimbeni wezisulu, ngenxa yokuthi yiziphi izilwane ezingazizwa ziluma. Ngobukhulu, lezi zinambuzane zingomiyane abaningi futhi ziyakwazi ukuncela igazi elithe xaxa, kepha ngasikhathi sinye kulula kakhulu ukuzibamba. Ukuthatha igazi ukuze lihlaziywe, izazi zezilwane zabeka izinambuzane ezindaweni ezikhethekile zokuthambisa emapulini e-cork embozwe phansi kwegumbi lapho kuhlala khona ama-lynxes. Lapho izilwane zilele phansi, izinambuzane ziziluma ngethala, bese ososayensi bephakamisa lezi grates, ziqoqe izinambuzane zikhiphe negazi lesilwane esiswini sazo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izimbungulu kanye nama-syringes asetshenziswe ososayensi isikhathi eside kuze kube kwenziwa isivivinyo esisha esikuvumela ukuthi unqume ukukhulelwa ngokuhlaziya ukumbiwa kwe-lynx.