Umbukiso obalulekile wokuzingela. Lapho le nyoni enkulu enhle inabantu abaningi baseYurophu, kodwa selokhu yaqala ukuyizingela manje manje ibibhalwe eNcwadi Ebomvu.

Inyoni kaBustard amasayizi amakhulu, ngokulandelana, ngumbukiso obalulekile. Kwesinye isikhathi le nyoni ibizwa nangokuthi i-Dudak. Kepha ukuzingela akusona ukuphela kwesizathu sokuqothulwa kwalolu hlobo.

Izici ezingezinhle ezithinta inani lezinyoni zisengafaka ukulima insimu, ukusetshenziswa kwamalungiselelo ahlukahlukene wokutshala umhlaba, kanye noshintsho esimweni esijwayelekile kulezi zinyoni.

Izici nendawo yokuhlala

EYurophu, inyoni enkulu kunazo zonke engandiza. Uhlala eRussia. Inyoni yenyathi ngezimpawu zangaphandle zinezimpawu ezilandelayo:

-unomzimba omkhulu, wemisipha,

- isisindo somzimba wesilisa kusuka ku-15 kuye ku-20 kg,

- ubude bomzimba wesilisa kufinyelela kumitha,

-Izinsuku ezinesisindo esifinyelela ku-6 kg,

- ubude bomzimba 70-110 cm,

- umlomo ongqinile futhi omfishane ovumela inyoni ukuthi ithole ukudla okuhlukahlukene kakhulu,

- yinde futhi ibanzi

-yinyoni eyisithulu,

Upende obomvu, obomvu, ophethe ubambo (inhloko grey),

- isisu nomsila omhlophe,

- abesilisa bakhulu kunabesifazane, futhi banamadevu wezimpaphe (anyamalala ngesikhathi sokuchitheka ekwindla),

-ba nombono omuhle kakhulu,

Le nyoni inemilenze enamandla enezinzwane ezintathu ezisiza ukuthi ibaleke ngokushesha, imbozwe esikalini, futhi ayinayo ningi iplamu. Naphezu kosayizi bayo, izimpukane ezixakile. Ukusuka kudinga ukusheshisa.

Ama-Bustards awathandi ukundiza, ancamela ukubalekela izitha

Inyoni yomndeni ophithizelayo ihlala emaqeleni aseYurophu nase-Asia. Njengoba ama-steppes amaningi, izinyoni ziqala ukuxhashazwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ziyaguquka ziye emasimini atshaliwe, bese zidla izitshalo ezitshaliwe. Abazithandi utshani obude futhi bancamela izimbali.

Okufakiwe kuzame ukuhlala ngamaqembu futhi kuhlala khona. Inyoni yenyathi, imvamisa ebusika ezindaweni zayo zokuhlala, kepha uma ubusika bude, bungahamba buyofuna ukudla lapho kufudumele khona. Ngokuvamile, uma isimo sezulu sibanda, inyoni kungabikwa ukuthi ifuduka.

Bayazwela futhi banamahloni, bebona ingozi bekude, babaleke bacashe otshanini. Ngemuva kwalokho, azitholakali. Zindiza ziphansi ngenhla komhlaba, hhayi ngokushesha. Iphiko lingamamitha ayi-2,5. Labo bantu asebekhulile abathandi ngempela ukundiza. Iningi lezimpilo zabo ziyahamba beyofuna ukudla.

Kunezindlela ezimbili ezingaphansi kwe-bustard: i-European and East Siberian. Le nyoni yaseYurophu ihlukaniswa umbala omnyama wekhanda, iphethini yaseshumeni enemithende emincane nokufiphaza okuncane. I-East Siberian inephethini elicacile ngemuva, imichilo ibanzi futhi abesilisa banazo ezifanayo namadevu, izimpaphe ekhanda nazo.

Isimilo nendlela yokuphila

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, inyoni eyi-steppe ivame ukuchitha isikhathi sayo enkundleni, ifuna ukudla. Le nyoni ayinazo izindlala izithukuthuku, ngakho-ke ekushiseni ilele phansi bese isabalalisa amaphiko ayo, iphefumula kakhulu.

Noma fihla emthunzini. Futhi abanawo u-feather grease, yingakho bemanzi. Lokhu kubi kakhulu kumaqabunga, lapho izinyoni zingena zimanzi futhi zibanda, kunzima ukuzulazula.

Ukudla kwezinyoni kufaka okusanhlamvu okuhlukahlukene, utshani (abasha abathanda ikakhulukazi), izinambuzane (isikhonyane, izintethe) kanye nezibungu. Okumnandi kubo ngamasele, izibankwa namagundane.

Le nyoni ingabhekwa njengedlozi langempela; zondla amantshontsho ngisho nezihlobo zazo ezibuthakathaka. Izinyoni zidla ekuseni kakhulu noma kusihlwa. Kunzima ukubona inyoni phakathi nosuku.

Ngemuva kokuba le nyoni idle ngenhliziyo yonke, iya endaweni yokunisela ukuze iqede ukoma. Bakhethwa kakhulu maqondana namanzi, ngakho-ke babeka nezidleke zabo eduze kwemizimba yamanzi abayithandayo, futhi ebusika basebenzisa iqhwa. Kepha zondla amachwane azo kuphela ngezintuthwane nezibungu zazo.

Ukuphithizela ukhozi lungahlasela lusuka emoyeni. Izinyamazane nazo zithanda ukudla kule nyoni. Bahlaselwa: izimpungushe nezimpisi, kanye namakati nezinja. Izindlovu nazo zisengozini, ezidla ezinye ziyakuthokozela ukujabulela amachwane namaqanda aqhwalelayo.

Inyoni kaBustard. Incazelo, izici, izinhlobo, indlela yokuphila ne-bustard

ISteppe isiqhwaga, ifana neenciniba encane, ingumhlali ojwayelekile emadlelo aluhlaza. Esikhathini esedlule, izinyoni zazihlala izifunda ezingasogwadule zase-Eurasia nase-Afrika. Eningizimu yeRussia, izinyoni zazibhekwa njenge- “princess game”. Namuhla kunyamalala yonke indawo i-bustard - eNcwadini ebomvu.

Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside

Ubudlelwano bezinyoni buqala entwasahlobo, kanye nemidlalo yokuphelisa. Owesilisa uvuthwa ngonyaka wesihlanu wokuphila kwakhe, kungalesi sikhathi lapho eba khona u-plumage ongakhonjiswa kowesifazane. Abesifazane bavuthwa ngokushesha okukhulu, lapho beneminyaka yobudala engama-3-4 sebekulungele ukuvuthwa.

Kuqala, owesilisa uphakamisa umsila we-fluffy, futhi akhombise umbala wakhe omhlophe ongaphansi. Ngemuva kwalokho uphakamisa intamo yakhe bese ephonsa intamo yakhe, ayibonise. Futhi isenzo sokugcina ukwelula amaphiko akho ukuze bonke abantu besifazane bakwazise. Ungase futhi uzwe ukucula okuvelele. Imidlalo yokuhlangana iqala ekuseni kakhulu.

Ubudlelwano babo buyisithembu, ngesizini eyodwa owesilisa angashada nabalingani abaningi. Ngemuva kokuphola, insikazi iyahamba iyokwakha isidleke, kanti owesilisa uyenga ezinye izinsikazi.

Owesifazane udonsa umgodi ongajulile kakhulu futhi uwusakaza ngamahlamvu otshani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zibuyela endaweni edlekayo unyaka nonyaka. Ukusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Meyi, akubekwa amaqanda angaphezu kwamathathu, futhi ububanzi bawo afike kuma-9 cm. Ngesikhathi sonyaka, amaqanda abekwa kanye. Amaqanda aluhlaza-nsundu noma umnqumo kucezu olumnyama.

Owesifazane oyedwa ufaka amaqanda, amasonto amathathu kuya kwamane. Cishe akunakwenzeka ukumbona emaqandeni ngenxa yephunga lakhe. Ngosuku olulodwa kuphela iphuphu lihlala esidlekeni, kusukela ngosuku lwesibili lihamba nonina liyofuna ukudla.

Uma iphuphu lihleli esidlekeni, umama uqobo uyamlethela ukudla, futhi uma ebona ingozi, uyakhala futhi amaphuphu acashe otshanini. Insikazi isusa ingozi, yenze sengathi iyagula esidlekeni, bese ihlasela isitha uqobo. Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-1.5, amaphuphu asevele ekhululekile ukundiza, kepha insikazi isazinakekela. Ekwindla, izinyoni zindizela ubusika.

UBustard unamahloni kakhulu, inyoni ifihla futhi ihlomise izidleke emahlathini aminyene

Isikhathi sokuphila siyiminyaka engama-20. Abesilisa banganciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sabo sokuphila, badle kakhulu besangana.

IBustard luhlobo oluncane, ukuze inyoni ingapheli emhlabeni wethu, ibhalwe kwiBhuku elibomvu. Kunqatshelwe ukuzingela, ososayensi bafuna izindlela zokukhula ophithizelayo ekhaya.

Uma abasebenzi bezikhungo ezikhethekile ezibandakanyekile ekuvikelweni kwezinhlobo ezisengozini yokuphela bathola amaqanda ezinkukhu ezindaweni eziyingozi empilweni yayo, khona-ke ziyaqoqwa futhi zifakwe kumacimbi okufakwa kuwo. Ngemuva kwamachwane amachashazi, ayadedelwa endle.

Incazelo Nezici

Inyoni enkulu iduma eqenjini elinjenge-crane. Igama lesibili nguDudak. I-pro-Slavic yegama elithi bustard ilele ekuhlanganiseni kwegama elithi “run fast” nelithi “bird”. Leli gama ligxiliwe ekungabini nalutho lwe-bustard ukubalekela, futhi hhayi ukundiza usengozini.

I-Bustard ejwayelekile

Ngomzimba wayo omkhulu, le nyoni ifana ne-turkey. Isifuba esandisiwe, intamo eminyene. Amasayizi we-Bustard ziyaheha. Abesilisa bathola isisindo cishe ngamakhilogremu ayi-19, isisindo sabantu besifazane sisisigamu esiningi. Ukuphakama kwabantu abakhulu kungamamitha angama-0.8 - 1. Kulula ukubona i-bustard ngamaphiko ayo abanzi, umsila omude onesimo esiyindilinga ekugcineni. Umhlobiso obunjwe ngofeni ngendlela efudumele ye-bustard icindezela umzimba, uveze umsila omhlophe. Lapho inyoni isakaza amaphiko ayo, amaphiko ayo angama-210-260 cm.

Izimbambo ezinamandla eziqinile ngaphandle kwamapulage, embozwe ngezikali ezimpunga. Imilenze ivumelaniswa kahle nokunyakaza komhlaba, ukugijima ngokushesha. Ezinyaweni, iminwe emi-3. Uyakwazi ukundiza kahle isihlahla esikhulu, kepha ukhetha impilo yasemhlabeni. Kuthatha umzamo, kepha bese ukhetha isivinini. In incazelo ye-bustard singangeza ukuthi ekubalekeni ushaya intamo yakhe, athathe imilenze yakhe. Izazi zezinzwa zibheka njengenyoni enkulu kunazo zonke ezindizayo phakathi kwezihlobo ezinamehlo.

I-plumage enemibala ifaka phakathi i-brown brown, grey, white, emnyama. Ukusuka kude, ngokumelene nesizinda sezimpaphe ezibomvu okubomvu, kuphuma i-ink-jet emnyama. Amapayipi akhanyayo entanyeni nasekhanda. Isisu, isifuba, ngaphansi, phansi kwamaphiko kumhlophe. Amehlo ane-iris emnyama, uqhwaku lomthunzi we-ashen.

Bustard endizeni

Entwasahlobo, kuvela “amabala” wamabele esifubeni sezinsikazi, kuqhamuke izigaxa zezimpaphe ezilukhuni, ziqondiswe emuva nasezinhlangothini kusuka kusisekelo somlomo. Umhlobiso ubamba kuze kube sekupheleni kwehlobo, ushiya ngotshwa ekwindla.

Eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, le nyoni yabhekwa njengento evamile yokuzingela. Emithonjeni yezemibhalo, izikhumbuzo, izikhathi eziningi kwakuchazwa njalo, okutholakala njalo eceleni kwemigwaqo. Izinkulungwane zezinyoni zagcwala izigodi ngaphambi kokuwa. UBustard waba nesithonjana, wabonakala emgqeni wezingalo zedolobha laseLgov, kwifulegi lesifunda saseNgilandi. Njengamanje, le nyoni iyizinhlobo ezisengozini yokuzibulala endle. Izizathu zokwehla kwenani labantu zitholakala ekuzingeleni okungalawulwa, ushintsho lomhlaba, kanye nokwanda kwemishini yezolimo.

Phakathi kwezitha zemvelo, eziyingozi kakhulu izitha zomhlaba - izimpungushe, izimpisi, izinja ezidukayo. Izintokazi ezincane zihlaselwa yizinkozi ezingama-steppe, izinkozi zegolide, okhozi olunomsila omhlophe. Ukubhujiswa kwezidleke ze-bustards ezibandakanya kumazibuthe, amahloka, amahlumela. Izinyoni ezi-Smart ezijikeleza eduze kwemishini yasensimini, ezesabisa izinkukhu ezivela ezidlekeni, zishiya amaqanda kubahlaseli abanemibala.

Izindonga ezivuthayo

Ukucula kukaBustard uzwakala kahle ngesikhathi samanje. Kwezinye izikhathi, uthule. Abesilisa benza imisindo evuthayo ezwakala eduzane. Izinsikazi zikhala ngokungathandi lapho zibiza amachwane. Ukusuka ezidlekeni ungezwa ama-trill amafushane wezingane ezikhulayo.

Lalelani izwi lomuntu ophithizelayo

Ama-Bustards ahlala emazwenikazi ahlukene, ahlukile ngosayizi, umbala, izici zefolishi. Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo ezingama-26 ezakhiwe ngo-11 genera.

Phakathi kwabamele izinyoni ezinkulu ezikhanyayo:

UBustard Corey

• isimungumungwane esishubile - Ohlala endaweni yase-savannah yase-Afrika, enesihlabathi sesihlabathi. Umbala ompunga onsundu. Bahola impilo ehleliwe, bahambe kancane. Inyoni enkulu kunazo zonke ezindizayo e-Afrika. Isisindo sabesilisa sifinyelela ku-120 kg. Bahlala ngamaqembu abantu abangu-5-7,
• indian bustard - Kuhlala izikhala ezivulekile, amasimu, udoti. Ukuphakama kwenyoni kuze kufike kumitha eyi-1, isisindo somuntu singama-18 kg. Ihamba ngokubabazekayo, igxathu ngalinye likhululekile, liyacophelela. Ukuzingela sekucishe kwaba yisizathu sokuqothulwa ngokuphelele kwezinyoni. Zingaphansi kokuvikelwa kombuso.

Isiqhwaga saseNdiya

Amabhisikidi amancane ayingozi e-Afrika. Tshela ngokuqinisekile yini inyoni encane kunazo zonke ebizwa ngokuthi yi-bustard ebizwa ngokuthi kunzima. Bonke abantu bezinhlobo ezi-5 eziphakathi nendawo ezinesisindo esingu-1-2 kg ngamunye. Ama-bustards amancane awaziwayo yilawa:

Isigaxa esimnyama

• omnyama - Inyoni enomsindo ngombala oguquguqukayo we-plumage. Izithunzi ezibomvu-grey zishintsha ubukhulu be-pigmentation. Izinyoni zinobude obungamasentimitha angama-50-60. Zihlala ogwadule olomile olunamadwala ane-spubse shrub,
• I-Senegalese - abantu ngombala obomvu obomvu ngephethini ye-streaky. Owesilisa uhlukaniswa yithoni elihlaza okwesibhakabhaka lepayipi emqaleni wakhe. Isisindo esimaphakathi somuntu singama-1.5 kg. Izakhamizi zase-savannah zase-Afrika.

Isiphithiphithi saseSenegal

Ensimini yaseRussia, isikhala se-post-Soviet kunezinhlobo ezintathu zama-bustards:

Bustard jack noma muhle

• i-jack (i-bustard-ubuhle). Isici sezinyoni eziphakathi nendawo ephakathi kugijima kwe-zigzag. Ukunakwa kudonswa ngamehlo amakhulu ngombala okhanyayo. Ngenkathi yokuzalela, abesilisa bahlala ezimotweni ezinhle, baphakamise i-crest, ikhola emnyama nemhlophe ezungeze intamo, umsila,
• ukoma - ubukhulu benyoni ngenkukhu noma i-grouse emnyama. Umbala obomvu ngemisundu emnyama. Ikhola yemivimbo emnyama nomhlophe ezungeze intamo ingumhlobiso oyinhloko wezinyoni. Igama libonisa imisindo eyenziwe ngamaphiko endizeni. Umsindo ngesikhathi sokuhamba, ukushayisana komoya, ukunyakaza okuqhaqhazelayo, okungalingani,
• isiqhwaga - inyoni inkulu kakhulu, ifinyelela ku-16 kg ngesisindo. Ihlala ezifundeni ze-steppe. Intamo emnyama, imilenze eqinile, amapayipi amhlophe obomvu anemisipha emnyama ngombala.

Imisipha yesilisa yenza umdanso wokuphelelisa

Indlela yokuphila kanye neHititat

Ama-Bustards ayasebenza phakathi nosuku. Ekuseni nakusihlwa bamatasa nokudla, amahora ashisayo achithwa ngaphansi kwamakhambi amade emthunzini. Isimo sezulu esipholile, asiphumuli, sihamba kancane ngokunakekela okukhulu, siluma utshani kancane, futhi sivame ukuma. Uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, bacasha emathangeni otshani noma bandule ngokushesha.

Le nyoni ihlala ibalekela umoya, indiza iqonde. Ukundindizela kwama-bustards amaningi kuyahlakazeka, akuzakhi izibalo zomoya. Amasimu amhlophe wamaphiko nezimpaphe zamnyama ezindizayo zibonakala ngokucacile kusuka ngaphansi. Izinyoni zidonswa umhlambi omncane, wobulili obufanayo, ngezikhathi ezithile zenzeka ngokufana. Ngezikhathi zamakhaza, kuze kube ngamakhulu abantu abawela emhlambini omkhulu.

I-Arab bustard kanye ne-nubian bee-eater

Imindeni yakwaBustard imvamisa ihola indlela yokuphila ehleliwe, ezindaweni ezisenyakatho izinyoni ezifudukayo zihlala, zihamba ziye ebusika ekwindla sekwephuzile. AmaBustards ahlala entshonalanga yeSiberia, engxenyeni esempumalanga ukusuka kuLwandle lweCaspian kuya e-Urals. Ukusatshalaliswa ngokweqile kwe-zonal kuwuphawu lokuguquguquka okuphezulu kwezinhlobo. Inyoni itholakala kumathafa aguqulwe umuntu. Kuthandwa kakhulu izinyoni ezisezindaweni eziphakeme zotshani, ezivulekela ezindaweni ezinamagquma aphansi angenazo izigodi.

Lapho siphi isicathamiya azikho izindawo eziphansi ezinamanzi, izindawo ezine-saline steppe. I-Bustard iyinyoni, izindawo ezazihlanza izindawo ezisenyakatho. Kuya ngendawo yokuhlala ukuthi ama-bustards azoshiya yini izindawo zawo zokuhlala izidleke. Isidingo sokufuduka asihlotshaniswa kangako nokuncipha kwezinga lokushisa njengobukhulu beqhwa. Ukuntuleka kokuphakelayo yisona sizathu esikhulu sokuhamba ngamakhilomitha ngamakhulu amakhilomitha ukuya ezindaweni ezineqhwa elincane.

Umsoco

Ukudla okuphilayo kufaka isitshalo, ukudla kwezilwane. Isilinganiso sokondla kuncike ezintweni eziningi:

• izindawo zokuhlala
• ubulili
• iminyaka
• isisekelo sokuphaka.

Ukudla kwezitshalo kufaka amakhambi, amaqabunga, ama-inflorescence, imbewu yezitshalo. Izinyoni zikhangwa yi-dandelion, tansy, scherda, breeder mbuzi, ingadi sow Thistle, i-clover, ithanga, izitshalo ze-plantain. Ngezikhathi ezithile ama-rhizomes anyanisi afakwa ekudleni, ezinotshani zikakolweni ezinotshani. Ngokuntuleka kokudla, ama-bustard adla amahlumela ngesakhiwo se-fibrous, ngokwesibonelo, amaqabunga ama-beet, okuholela ekuholeni kokugaywa kwezinyoni okuqhubekayo, kwesinye isikhathi ukufa.

Bustard lowesifazane ofuna ukudla

Ngokwesakhiwo sokudla kwezilwane izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene, izibungu zazo. Amakhethini, amakhethini, izintethe, izinkumbi, amabhere, amabhungane, kufaka phakathi inyamazane yaseColorado, aba izimbali ezinkulu. Izikelemu zomhlaba, iminenke, amasele, izibungu, izinduku ezinjengegundane zingena ekudleni. Kwesinye isikhathi inyamazane iba udoti wamalokhi ensimu ahlala phansi.

Ama-bustards awembi umhlabathi njengamakhilayidi; awacoshi utshani nemilenze ngemilenze nangezindebe. Izinyoni zidonsa ukudla kwaphezulu kwenhlabathi, izilwane zibamba ngokugxuma okusheshayo, zibambe ngomlomo wazo, zithuke, zishaye umhlabathi ngaphambi kokugwinya inyamazane. Kwesinye isikhathi ama-bustard agwinya amatshe amancane ukuze athuthukise ukugaya. Zigaya okuqukethwe esiswini njengetshe lokugaya. Amanzi ayingxenye ebalulekile yokudla kwezinyoni. Ama-Bustards andiza emizimbeni yamanzi, ebusika basebenzisa iqhwa.

Ukuchazwa kweBustard

I-Otis tarda (i-bustard, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-dudak) imele umndeni wakwaBustard kusuka eCrane Order futhi yamukelwa njengenye yezinyoni ezindiza kakhulu. Owesilisa ukhula aze abe usayizi wofudu futhi anesisindo esicishe siphindwe kabili kunesifazane. Isisindo sowesilisa singama-7-16 kg ubude obungu-1.05 m, kuyilapho izinsikazi zinesisindo ngokwesilinganiso esingu-4-8 kg ubude obungu-0,8 m.

Kuchazwe izindlela ezimbili zokukhwabanisa:

• I-Otis tarda tarda - Indawo yokuhlala yaseYurophu,
• I-Otis tarda dubowskii - isiqhwaga saseMpumalanga yeSiberia.

Ukubukeka

Le inyoni enkulu enesifuba esingafakwanga nentamo eminyene. Ihluke kwezinye izindunduma ezinemibala hhayi kangako ngobukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele, njengombala wayo we-motley kanye nezinyawo eziqinile ezingashintshiwe (zenzelwe ukunyakaza komhlaba).

Emapalini enye imibala ebomvu, emnyama nengwevu, kanye nokumhlophe, okwapenda isisu, isifuba, ngaphansi komsila nangemuva kwamaphiko. Inhloko enentamo imvamisa i-ash grey (enezithunzi ezilula kubantu besempumalanga). Okuphezulu kuqukethe izimpaphe ezibomvu-buffy ngephethini lejet ehambelana nemisho emnyama eshintshashintshayo. Izimpiko ze-oda lokuqala zihlala zimdaka onsundu, zohlobo lwesibili zi-brown, kodwa ezinezimpande ezimhlophe.

Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! Ngentwasahlobo, bonke abesilisa bathola “amabele” kanye “namadevu”. Lezi zokugcina zingamaqhuqhuva alukhuni ezimpukane ngesimo semicu emide eqala kusuka kusisekelo sogongolo iye ezinhlangothini. Ekhanda "amadevu" abesilisa bayabhonga kuze kube sekupheleni kwehlobo.

Akunandaba nesikhathi sonyaka, izintokazi ziphindaphinda imibala yokuwa / kobusika yabesilisa. I-bustard ineqhwaku elimpunga elikhanyayo namehlo amnyama, kanye nemilenze emide enamandla yombala onsundu onsundu. Izinzwani ezi-3 emlenzeni ngamunye. Umsila mude, ugobile ekugcineni. Iphiko elinamandla liyi-1.9-2.6 m. Isixhaxha siqala ngokuzikhandla, kepha indiza ngokushesha ngokwanele, iselule intamo yaso sithathe imilenze enganwebi ngaphezu komphetho womsila. Amaphiko wephiko awagugi, akuvumela ukuba ubone amasimu amakhulu amhlophe nezimpaphe ezimnyama ezindizayo kuwo.

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

UBustard uyilungu lomndeni wama-bustard futhi ukuphela kwelungu lomndeni ka-Otis. Lesi ngesinye sezinyoni eziphilayo ezisindayo kunazo zonke ezingandiza, ezitholakala kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Amadoda amakhulu amakhulu, aqinile, kepha abukeka emangalisa ngokubabazekayo anentamo yesigaxa nesifuba esinzima ngomsila ovuthiwe.

Amapheya wesizwe abesilisa afaka amadevu amhlophe angama-20 cm, kanti umhlane nomsila wazo ziqhakaza. Izimpaphe zezimpaphe ziyavela esifubeni nengxenye engezansi yentamo, ezinombala obomvu bese ziba sobala futhi zibanzi ngobudala. Lezi zinyoni zihamba ziqonde futhi zindiza ngokushaywa okunamandla nangokujwayelekile kwamaphiko.

Ividiyo: UBustard

Emndenini ophithizelayo, izinhlobo eziyi-11 zofuzo nezinhlobo ezingama-25. Isimungumungwane seBustard singenye yezinhlobo ezi-4 zohlobo lwe-Ardeotis, equkethe ne-araban bustard, A. arabs, the Indian bustard A. nigriceps enkulu kanye ne-Australia bustard A. australis. Umugqa weGruiformes uqukethe izihlobo eziningi zama-bustards, kufaka phakathi amacilongo kanye nama-cranes.

Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-23 zezinhlobo zama-bustards ahlobene ne-Afrika, i-Southern Europe, i-Asia, i-Australia kanye nezingxenye zeNew Guinea. IBustard inemilenze emide impela, evumelaniswa nokusebenza. Baneminwe emithathu kuphela, futhi abanawo umunwe wangemuva. Umzimba ubumbene, ubanjwe endaweni eqondile evundlile, nentamo iqonde, phambi kwemilenze, njengezinye izinyoni ezinde ezigijimayo.

Uhlala kuphi lo mfishane?

Photo: bird bird

Amabhodi ayingozi enkabeni naseningizimu yeYurophu, lapho eyizilwane ezinkulu kunazo zonke zezinyoni, futhi kulo lonke elase-Asia elipholile. EYurophu, iningi labantu lihlala ikakhulu ebusika, kuyilapho izinyoni zase-Asia ziqhubeka ngokuya eningizimu ebusika. Lolu hlobo luhlala emadlelo, i-steppe kanye nomhlaba wezolimo ovulekile. Zincamela izindawo zokuzalela ezinabantu abancane noma ezingenabo.

Amalungu amane omndeni we-bustard atholakala eNdiya:

• AmaNdiya angama-Ardeotis ama-nigriceps aqhamuka emathafeni awugwadule nasogwadule,
• I-bustard MacQueen Chlamydotis macqueeni, umfuduki wasebusika ezindaweni eziwugwadule zaseRajasthan naseGujarat,
• ILesp Florican Sypheotides indica, etholakala emathafeni amancane otshani entshonalanga nasenkabeni neNdiya,
• I-Hladaropsis bengalensis yaseBengali evela emude, ezimelweni ezimanzi zeTherai naseBrahmaputra Valley.

Onke ama-bustard endawo ahlukaniswe ngokuthi asengozini, kepha ama-Indian bustard asondela abucayi. Noma uhla lwayo lwamanje luhambisana kakhulu nohla lwalo lomlando, kunokuncipha okukhulu kwesibalo sabantu. IBustard inyamalale cishe yi-90% yobubanzi bayo bangaphambili futhi, ngokuxakayo, inyamalala emithonjeni yemvelo emibili eyenziwe ngokuqondile ukuvikela izinhlobo.

Kwezinye izindawo ezingaphansi, inani lezinhlobo lehla ngokushesha. Phambilini, bekuyizinsolo zokuzingela nokubhujiswa kwendalo, okuholele esimweni esibuhlungu kanjalo, kepha manje ukuphathwa kabi kwezindawo zokuhlala, ukuvikela imizwa yezilwane ezithile eziyinkinga kuyizinkinga zokuphithizela.

Ngabe idla yiphi inkani?

Photo: Bustard endizeni

I-Bustard iyamangaza; idla imifino enjengotshani, izindunduma, ukubethelwa, okusanhlamvu, izimbali namagilebhisi. Ibuye idle namagundane, amaphuphu ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, imidlwane, izimvemvane, izinambuzane ezinkulu nezibungu. Ama-Lizards nama-amphibian bustards nawo ayadliwa, kuya ngesizini.

Ngakho-ke, baphanga:

• ama-arthropods ahlukahlukene
• izibungu
• izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane
• ama-amphibians amancane.

Izinambuzane, ezinjengesikhonyane, amakhethini, namabhungane, zakha inqwaba yokudla kwazo ngenkathi yemvula yasehlobo, lapho kuba khona imvula enkulu eNdiya kanye nesikhathi sokuzalela kakhulu. Imbewu (kufaka phakathi ukolweni namantongomane), ngokuhlukile, yenza ingxenye enkulu yokudla ezinyangeni ezibandayo nezomile kakhulu onyakeni.

Ama-bustards ase-Australia abekade efuywa futhi edotshwa kabanzi, futhi enikezwe ushintsho lwendawo yokuhlala eyethulwa izilwane ezincelisayo ezinjengonogwaja, izinkomo nezimvu, manje sezinqunyelwe ezindaweni ezingaphakathi ezweni. Lolu hlobo lubhalwe njengolusengozini eNew South Wales. Bangamahloni, bafuna ukudla kwesinye isikhathi bangaphazanyiswa (buthelela ngokushesha), bese bahlakazeka futhi. Kwezinye izindawo, njengeQueensland, kuba nomjikelezo ojwayelekile wama-bustards.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Isithombe: Ingquza yabesifazane

Lezi zinyoni zi-diurnal futhi phakathi kwezilwane ezinama-vertebrates zinomehluko owodwa omkhulu ngobukhulu phakathi kobulili. Ngalesi sizathu, abesilisa nabesifazane bahlala emaqenjini ahlukene cishe unyaka wonke, ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalela. Lo mehluko usayizi uthinta nezidingo zokudla, kanye nokuziphatha ngesikhathi sokuzala, ukufuduka kabusha, kanye nokufuduka.

Abesifazane, njengomthetho, bathontelana nezihlobo. Ziphilopathic kakhulu futhi zinobungane kunabesilisa, futhi zivame ukuhlala zisendaweni yazo yemvelo impilo. Ebusika, abesilisa basungula iqembu labaphathi ngokuzibandakanya ezimpini ezinobudlova, ezinde, bashaye amakhanda nentamo yabanye abesilisa, kwesinye isikhathi kubangele ukulimala okungathi sína, okuyisimilo esivamile kuma-bustards. Abanye abantu abaphithizelayo bayathutha.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Ama-Bustards enza ukunyakaza kwasendaweni ngaphakathi komgwaqo ongama-50 kuye kwayi-100 km. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuzalela, izinyoni ezingamaduna zodwa, kepha ebusika zakha imihlambi emincane.

Kukholakala ukuthi owesilisa unesithembu, esebenzisa uhlelo lokukhwelana, olubizwa ngokuthi "kuqhume" noma "luhlakazekile". Le nyoni imnandi futhi idla izinambuzane, izimbungulu, izinduku, izibungu futhi, kwesinye isikhathi, ngisho nezinyoka ezincane. Zaziwa nangokuthi zidla otshanini, imbewu, amajikijolo, njll. Lapho zisongelwa, izinyoni zesifazane ziphethe amachwane amancane ngaphansi kwamaphiko.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Yize ezinye zezindlela zokuzala zama-bustard zaziwa, imininingwane emihle yokuthola izidleke nokuzalela, kanye nezenzo zokufuduka ezihambisana nokuhlangana nokuhlangana, kukholakala ukuthi ziyahlukahluka phakathi kwabantu kanye nabantu. Isibonelo, bayakwazi ukuzalanisa unyaka wonke, kepha kubantu abaningi, isikhathi sokuzala sithatha ngoMashi kuya kuSepthemba, okuhlanganisa isikhathi sonyaka sasehlobo impela.

Ngokufanayo, yize zingabuyeli ezidlekeni ezifanayo unyaka nonyaka futhi zivame ukudala ezintsha esikhundleni, kwesinye isikhathi zisebenzisa izidleke ezenziwe ngonyaka owedlule ngamanye ama-bustards. Izidleke ngokwazo zilula futhi zivame ukutholakala ezindaweni zokucwazimula ezakhiwe enhlabathini ezindaweni ezinamatshe omhlaba ongalimeka kanye nezimfunda, noma emhlabathini onamadwala ovulekile.

Akukaziwa ukuthi izinhlobo zezilwane zisebenzisa iqhinga elithile lokuzalela, kepha izakhi zombili ezingahleliwe (lapho abamele bobabili ubulili bezwana nabalingani abaningi) kanye ne-polygynous (lapho kwaqashelwa khona ukuhlukaniswa kwabesilisa nabesifazane abaningana). Kubukeka sengathi izinhlobo azakhi izibopho ezibhangqiwe. I-Linging, lapho abesilisa bebuthana ezindaweni zemibukiso yomphakathi ukwenza futhi banakekele abesifazane, kutholakala emaqenjini abanye abantu.

Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, abesilisa abangashadile bangaheha izinsikazi ziye ezindaweni zabo ngezingcingo ezizwakalayo ezingazwakala ebangeni okungenani le-0,5 km. Umbukiso owesilisa ngowokuma emhlabathini ovulekile ikhanda lakhe nomsila uphakanyisiwe, izimpaphe ezimhlophe ezinobuso nesikhwama somoya esigcwele umoya (isikhwama entanyeni).

Ngemuva kokuzalela, amaduna ayahamba, bese insikazi iba ngumqaphi okhethekile wamawundlu ayo. Iningi labesifazane libeka iqanda elilodwa, kodwa imqubu yamaqanda amabili ayaziwa. Imisa iqanda cishe inyanga ngaphambi kokuba ibambe.

Amantshontsho ayakwazi ukuzidla ngokwawo ngemuva kwesonto, futhi ayagcwala lapho eba nezinsuku ezingama-30 kuya ku-30 ​​ubudala. Amawundlu amaningi akhululwa ngokuphelele kumama awo ekuqaleni kwesizini elandelayo yokuzalanisa. Abesifazane bazala beneminyaka emibili noma emithathu, kuyilapho abesilisa bevuthwa ngokocansi beneminyaka emihlanu noma eyisithupha.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Izinhlobo eziningi ezihlukile zokufuduka ziye zabonakala phakathi kwama-bustards ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokuzalela. Abanye babo bangakwazi ukufuduka okufushane kwasendaweni ngaphakathi esifundeni, kanti abanye bandiza amabanga amade bedlula kwelaphaya.

Amabhande Ezitha Zemvelo

Isithombe: birdstep bustard bird

Ukuqagela kusengozini, okokuqala, emaqanda, ezinsaneni kanye nasezinsizakalweni ezingejwayelekile. Izidlakela eziyinhloko yizimpungushe ezibomvu, ezinye izilwane ezincelisayo ezinjengezimbila, ama-martens kanye nezingulube zasendle, kanye namaqhude nezinyoni ezidla inyama.

Ama-bustard amadala anezitha ezimbalwa zemvelo, kepha abonisa injabulo enkulu ezungeze izinyoni ezithile zezinyamazane, njengokhozi namaqhubu (Neophron percnopterus). Okuwukuphela kwezilwane ezazizibuka kwakuyizimpisi ezimpunga (Canis lupus). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amakati, izimpungushe nezinja zasendle zingadla izinyamazane. Amaqanda kwesinye isikhathi antshontshelwa izidleke zezimpungushe, ama-mongoose, izibungu kanye nezidleke nezinye izinyoni. Kodwa-ke, usongo olukhulu kumaqanda luvela ezinkomeni ezidla imfuyo, ngoba zivame ukuyinyathela.

Lolu hlobo lunenkinga yokuqhekeka nokulahleka kwendawo yalo yokuhlala. Ukwanda kokukhushulwa komhlaba okwandayo kanye nokuphazamiseka kwabantu kulindeleke ukuthi kube nomphumela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kwezindawo ngenxa yokulima imbandezelo, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukulima okwandayo, ukusetshenziswa okwandayo kwezinhlelo zokunisela, kanye nokwakhiwa kwezintambo zikagesi, imigwaqo, uthango kanye nemisele. Umanyolo wamakhemikhali kanye nemithi yokubulala izinambuzane, umakhenikha, imililo kanye nokuqagela yizo ezisongela kakhulu amachwane nezinsana, ngenkathi ukuzingela izinyoni ezindala kubangela ukufa okuphezulu kwamanye amazwe lapho zihlala khona.

Njengoba ama-bustards endiza ajwayelekile futhi ukuhamba kwawo kungakhawulelwa ngesisindo sawo esikhulu namaphiko amakhulu, ukushayisana okunentambo kagesi kwenzeka lapho kunemigqa yamandla amaningi ngaphezulu kwamabanga, ezindaweni eziseduzane, noma ezindleleni ezihamba phakathi kwamabanga ahlukene.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Photo: Ngabe ubukeka kanjani umqwayizi omkhulu?

Isamba sonke sama-bustards cishe abantu abangama-44,000-57,000. Njengamanje, lolu hlobo luhlukaniswa njengolusengozini, futhi namuhla isibalo salo siyancipha. Ngo-1994, ama-bustards ahlelwe njengoba asengozini yi-International Conservation Union (IUCN) Uhlu Olubomvu Lwezilwane Ezisengozini. Ngo-2011, nokho, ukwehla kwesibalo sabantu besikhulu kangangokuba i-IUCN yafaka kabusha lolu hlobo njengenhlobo yezilwane ezisengozini yokuphela.

Ukulahleka kwendawo kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwayo, ngokusobala, yizona zizathu ezinkulu zokuncipha kwenani labantu abasebenza ngokugqilaza. Ngokusho kwabezemvelo, cishe ama-90% ebanga lezemvelo zezilwane, ezake zahlanganisa iningi lasenyakatho-ntshonalanga neNdiya, zalahleka, zahlukaniswa ngokwakhiwa komgwaqo nangamaminerali, kwaguqulwa amapulazi okunisela nangamamishini.

Iningi lomhlaba olimekayo owake wakhiqiza imbewu yobumbele nemabele, lapho ukhula lwakhona lwaba impumelelo, lwaphenduka amasimu omoba nokotini noma wamagilebhisi wamagilebhisi. Ukuzingela nokuzingela kubuye kube nomthelela ekwehleni kwesibalo sabantu. Lezi zenzo, kuhlanganiswe nobumbano obuphansi bezinhlobo nokucindezela kwabazingeli bemvelo, zibeka i-bustard esimweni esiyingozi.

I-Bustard Guard

Photo: Bustard kusuka encwadini Red

Izinhlelo zokwenzakaliswa ezisengozini futhi ezisengozini zakhiwa eYurophu nasemazweni ayengaphansi kweSoviet Union, kanye ne-African Great Bustard e-United States of America. Amaphrojekthi anezinhlobo ezisengozini yokubulawa kwezinhlanzi ahlose ukukhiqiza izinyoni ezengeziwe ukuba zithuthelwe ezindaweni ezivikelwe, ngaleyo ndlela zigcwalise ukwehla kwezilwane zasendle, kanti amaphrojekthi ezinkulukazi e-Middle East naseNyakatho ne-Afrika ahlose ukuhlinzeka ngezinyoni ezengeziwe ukuzingela okuzinzileyo kusetshenziswa ama-falcons.

Izinhlelo zokufuya ezithunjwe e-United States zama-bustards nezinamoni bustards (i-Eupodotis ruficrista) kuhloswe ngazo ukulondolozela abantu abazinakekela ngofuzo nangokwenhlalo futhi abangaxhomekeki ekungeneni okuqhubekayo okuvela endle.

Ngo-2012, uHulumeni waseNdiya wethula uhlelo iBustard Project, uhlelo lokulondolozwa komhlaba kuzwelonke lokuvikela inyoni enkulu yaseNdiya, kanye neBengal florian (Houbaropsis bengalensis), okungajwayelekile kweflorican (iSypheotides inkomba) kanye nezindawo abahlala kuzo ekunciphiseni okwengeziwe. Uhlelo lolu lwalulingiswa ngemuva kweProjekthi Tiger, umzamo omkhulu wezwe owenziwa ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1970 ukuvikela amahlosi amaNdiya kanye nezindawo ahlala kuzo.

UBustard - Enye yezinyoni ezindizayo ezisindayo ekhona njengamanje. Ingatholakala kulo lonke elaseYurophu, ihamba ibheke eningizimu naseSpain, nasenyakatho, ngokwesibonelo, emaqeleni aseRussia. IBustard ibhalwe njengabasengozini, inani labantu bayo liyancipha emazweni amaningi. Le inyoni yasemhlabeni, ebonakala ngentamo ende nezinyawo kanye ne-crest emnyama emqhele wekhanda.

Isici

I-Bustard iyinyoni enkulu kunalokho, ephindwe kabili kunalokho ugogo omnyama. Abesilisa bakhulu ngesisindo nosayizi kwabesifazane.

Ngokungafani kwangaphandle, kufanelekile ukuphawula imicu ephaphathekile grey, ephakama ngesikhathi somdanso wokuphelelisa. Amagama athandwayo alo mmeleli womndeni we-bustard yi-Dudak, Spoonbill.

Ukudla kufaka phakathi izitshalo zombili - utshani, izitshalo ezitshaliwe, kanye nokudla kwezilwane - izinambuzane ezinjengotshani kanye amakhokhonamagundane anjengegundane lesinyathelo ne ulamula.

Ama-tendoril aphuzi grey ayabonakala esithombeni sowesilisa

Kubalulekile!Kwesinye isikhathi i-bustard ihlukaniswe kabili. Kodwa-ke, umehluko wezinqwaba ubonakala kuphela kwabesilisa abagugile.

Indlela yendiza

IBustard iyakwazi ukugijima ngokushesha, kepha imvamisa ihamba kancane futhi umxhwele. Lesi ngesinye sezinyoni ezindiza kakhulu. Ukuvuka emoyeni, abantu kufanele bahlakaze.

Zikhula kancane kancane, lapho zibhabha zenza amaphiko anamandla angavamile. Ngaphandle kokuhamba kancane, inyoni ikhula ngesivinini esingafika ku-50 km / h. Akazitholeli ukuphakama okukhulu, indiza isondele emhlabathini.

Lapho izinyoni zindiza

Ukufuduka kwentwasahlobo kwezinyoni kwenziwa ekuqaleni kokufudumala kanye nokuvela kwezigxobo ezincibilikisiwe. Zindiza, zakha ngababili noma imihlambi emincane yabantu abangafika kwabayisi-5. Zodwa, izinyoni azivamile ukubuya ebusika.

Izinyoni zasebusika zihamba ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti-Septhemba. Isikhathi sendiza sincike endaweni. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, ukuhlala kwezinyoni endaweni ebusika kungaphela kuphela ngoSepthemba.

Izici Key

Izici zesakhiwo nokuziphatha kwezinyoni kufaka lokhu okulandelayo:

1. Ukungabikho kwendlala ye-coccygeal, kanye nezindlala zezithukuthuku. Ngalesi sizathu, izimpaphe azigcinwa ziyimfihlo. Ukuphola esimweni sezulu esishisayo, abantu ngamunye ahlala ngqo emhlabathini bese esakaza amaphiko awo.UBustard uphefumula kakhulu ngomlomo wakhe ovulekile. Izimpaphe ezingagcotshwanga ngamafutha zimanzi kakhulu ngezikhathi zemvula. Ukuqandisa ngemuva kwemvula kuyingozi kakhulu ezinyoni. Izimpaphe ezimanzi zigobhoza, kulesi simo i-bustard ayinakuzivikela ngokuphelele.
2. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ezindizeni abantu abathile bayakwazi ukuthuthukisa isivinini esikhulu, empeleni abahamba emoyeni ngamabanga amabanga angaphezu kwe-100.
3. Umbala onsundu-nsundu - ukucasha okuhle ngokumelene nesizinda sezimila zasensimini.
4. Ibalekela isitha, inyoni ilele emhlabathini bese ihlangana notshani. Kulokhu, isimilo sakhe siyefana snipe noma ukhuni - Lezi zinyoni nazo zinethemba lokufihla kwazo.
5. IBustard kwesinye isikhathi ikhula emapulazini ezinkukhu. Amaqanda abekwe emasimini ayaqoqwa futhi abekwe kuma-incubators. Amachwane asekhulile ayadedelwa endaweni yawo yemvelo.
6. Umdlwenguli wesilisa wenza umdanso obukekayo wokuhlanganisa. Le nyoni ikhulisa kakhulu isigaxa somphimbo, idonsa ikhanda layo, iphakamise umsila wayo kanye nezinsiba.
7. Phakathi nonyaka, le nyoni iveza kabili. Izingcingo zokuqala entwasahlobo (pre-wedding molt), lapho i-fluff kanye nezinsiba ezincane zithathelwa indawo ikakhulukazi. Ucingo lwesibili ekwindla (post-wedding molt). Ngalesi sikhathi, kunokufakwa okuphelele esikhundleni se-plumage.
8. I-Bustard empeleni yenza imisindo. E-repertoire yezinyoni kunomsindo ojulile kuphela, osikhumbuza ukushaya kwamaza okuphuma kowesilisa ngesikhathi somdanso wokuphelela. Ukuxhumana namachwane, insikazi isebenzisa ukukhala okufutshane kwezithulu. Intsha ikhuluma ngendlela yazo. Amachwane amancanyana enza i-squeak, futhi abantu abadala benza ama-trill acwebile.

Ukuziphatha, ukuzala kabusha

Izici zokuziphatha

Njengoba incazelo yempilo ye-bustard ikhombisa, le nyoni iphila impilo yansuku zonke. Uma ufuna okuphakelayo kungena ekuseni nakusihlwa.

Okuhlukile yisimo sezulu esinamafu, lapho abantu bengondla usuku lonke. Ngesikhathi sokudla kwasemini, ophithizelayo uncamela ukuphumula, ehlale kamnandi emhlabathini.

Izinyoni zithanda ukutholakala emthunzini wezimila eziphakeme.

Kubalulekile!Izindiza ezenziwa ama-bustards zenzeka nesikhathi sasemini.

I-Nesting

Esikhathini ngemuva kokudlekwa, izinyoni zigcina emihlambini emikhulu, engafinyelela abantu abayikhulu. Amaqembu anjalo akha izinyoni zobulili obufanayo.

Abantu abangabambi iqhaza ekuzaleni bagcinwa emihlambini unyaka wonke. Lokhu kufaka phakathi abesifazane abalahlekelwe imfuhlumfuhlu.

Abesilisa bafika ebusheni ngeminyaka eyi-6, abesifazane bavuthwe ekuqaleni - eminyakeni engu-3-4. I-Nesting ihlala ngo-Ephreli kuya kuJuni. I-Bustard ibeka iqanda elilodwa ukuya kwamathathu kanye ngonyaka.

Kodwa-ke, esikhathini esiningi ku-clutch kunamaqanda amabili. Owesifazane ubathwala ngemvamisa yezinsuku eziyi-1-2.

Ku-clutch, iningi lamaqanda amaningi

Isiko le-Bustard

Okwamanje emadodeni kuqala ngokushesha ngemuva kokubuya ebusika. Ngomkhosi womshado, bakhetha indawo evulekile esizeni sensimu noma esiqongweni sentaba.

Ukudansa emoyeni akuvamile kakhulu, bese kuba kuphela kubantu abathile. Abesilisa abakhona bahlangana njengeqembu futhi baqala amasiko abo kude komunye nomunye.

Lapho izinsikazi zivela eduzane, ziba nesasasa, kwesinye isikhathi okuholela ekulweni phakathi kwabantu.

Owesilisa wenza umdanso wokulinganisa

Ama-bustards awadali ngababili. Uma bengeza, kuzoba isikhathi esifushane. Owesilisa ngeke ashiye ukungabi nandaba kwencazelo yomdanso wokuphelisa: ukhukhumeza izimpaphe, aphakamise umsila wakhe futhi wehlise kakhulu isithebe somphimbo esinyantelayo.

Esithombeni esikulesi sikhundla, kubukeka kukhulu kakhulu kunokuba sinjalo. Egqoke "ingubo" emnandi, owesilisa udonsa ikhanda lakhe bese enza ukunyakaza okungafani nezinye.

Ukuhlangana kwenzeka ngqo kumanje. Ngemuva kwalokho, izintokazi ziyahamba ziyofaka amaqanda.

Indlela isidleke esisebenza ngayo

Izidleke zezinyoni zihlelwe phansi emhlabathini. Owesifazane ukhipha imbobo ene-paws enobubanzi obungu-25-40 cm.

Akabeki udoti kanjalo, kepha amaqabunga neziqu zezitshalo zifinyelela phansi kwesidleke. Kunezindlela eziningi zokubeka isidleke:

• ezweni elivulekile
• ngaphansi kwamagatsha ezihlahla
• phakathi kotshani obude.

Kwesinye isikhathi umuntu ophithizelayo angenza isidleke ezweni elilinyiwe. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo, ukubumbeka kuzokwembozwa kahle. Ibanga phakathi kwezidleke liyahlukahluka ukusuka kumakhulu ambalwa kuya kwamamitha amane.

Isikhathi sokwenza ubukhulu becala kuncike kwezimo zemvelo kanye nokushisa komoya. UBustard, ohlala eningizimu, ubeka amaqanda ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli.

Abesifazane abavela kubantu abahlala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho bazalela amaqanda kamuva, ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Kulokhu, ukubambezeleka kungafinyelela amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu.

Kwenzeka ukuthi owesimame alahlekelwe yikhonkolo lakhe. Kulokhu, kwesinye isikhathi ubekela amaqanda futhi. Ngokunokwenzeka, lesi simo sichaza ukuthi kungani ukwenziwa kobumbano kungatholakali kahle.

Esidlekeni esisodwa kunamaqanda ama-2-3 ikakhulukazi ngendlela yokuqhakaza komnqumo omnyama noma ngombala wobumba onobumba obumnyama.

Isikebhe esinamafutha segobolondo siyabonakala, lapho kuphela isikhathi sokufuduka siyabizwa kakhulu.

Hatching ihlala cishe amasonto amane. Le nyoni ihlala iqanda amaqanda ayo. Uma insikazi ibona ingozi eduzane, iyacwila futhi, ngenxa yemibala efihlekile, ilahleka ngemuva kwotshani.

Ngenxa yobubanzi bemibala yeplamu, inyoni enkulu iba cishe ingabonakali ngisho naphakathi kwezimila eziphansi. Kabili ngosuku, insikazi ishiya i-clutch eyondlayo.

Isidlo sasemini asidluli imizuzu engama-40. Ekuseni, inyoni iyahamba iyofuna ukudla kusuka emahoreni ayi-8 kuye kwayi-12, kusihlwa - kusuka emahoreni angama-17 kuye kwangama-21. Ibanga ukusuka esidlekeni alikho ngaphezu kwama-400 m.

Bustard otshanini obude

Owesifazane unakekela kanjani amantshontsho

Ukunakekelwa kwamachwane kuphumula ngokuphelele kowesifazane, abesilisa ababandakanyeki ekunakekelweni kwenzalo. Izinsikazi zibamba amantshontsho asanda kuqonywa kusuka kuqhwaku, ngalesi sikhathi zihamba kancane futhi azikwazi ukuzivikela ngokuphelele.

Ekuqaleni, yona uqobo izilethela izinambuzane futhi izondle. Izinsuku ezingama-3-5 ngemuva kokukhishwa kwegobolondo, amachwane aqala ukudla ngokwawo.

Ngemuva kwamaviki amabili, bangazondla bodwa, yize besondliwa. Amachwane asanda kubanjwa angenasikhathi sokuwoma asesidlekeni ngaphansi kolawulo lowesifazane.

Umbala we-Downy u-buffy, onamabala amnyama nemivimbo. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezi-4, bahamba eduzane. Intsha ifunda ukundiza ineminyaka engama-5-6 amasonto. Ngalesi sikhathi, isisindo senyoni sifinyelela ku-2 kg.

Owesifazane uqapha ngokucophelela amaphuphu akhe. Ngokubona usongo, ubanikeza isibonakaliso. Ekuphenduleni, amaphuphu acasha otshanini, anamathela enhlabathini futhi aqonde izintamo zawo.

Kuyabonakala esithombeni ukuthi ziboshwe kahle ngokumelene nesizinda samakhambi ensimu. Ibona indlela isitha esondela ngayo, inyoni yenza sengathi iyagula futhi izama ukumsusa. Uma kwenzeka ingozi ebucayi, ihlasela isitha.

I-Bustard nestling camouflages ngemuva kwotshani

Ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti, ukukhula okuncane sekumi ngomumo ukushiya isidleke. Amachwane asekhulile aqoqana emhlambini ahamba ayozula. Lolu hambo luzoqhubeka kuze kube intwasahlobo elandelayo.

Ubudlelwano nabantu

UBustard usencwadini ebomvu. Inani lalezi zinyoni lehle ngenxa yokuzingela okungalawulwa nokusetshenziswa komhlaba ofanele izidleke ngezinhloso zezomnotho.

Ukuvimbela ukwehla kwamanani, kuthathwa izinyathelo zokuvikela izidleke, ukuqoqa amaqanda emqubeni engaphumelelanga futhi uwagcine kufakwe ngaphakathi.

UBustard waziwa ngokuqapha kwawo. Ibona ingozi, ingavala umuntu eduze, bese ilingisa inyoni elimele ukuze iphazamise ukunaka kusuka ekubumbeni.

I-Bustard iyinyoni eqaphile

IBustard ibonwa njengenyoni enkulu kunazo zonke ezindizayo. Uyaziwa nangokuqapha kwakhe. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, amaduna enza umdanso oyingqayizivele.

Okwamanje, izinhlobo zezinhlobo zibhalwe kwiNcwadi ebomvu, kuthathwa izinyathelo zokugcina izilwanyana.

I-Bustard bird: I-Fasteppe Inhabitant

I-Bustard ibonwa njengomsindo wezinyoni ezindiza kakhulu, lesi sihlali sasesitebhisini ikakhulukazi sihamba emhlabathini futhi sigijime ngokushesha uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi. Abantu babhekwa njengabamangazayo, ekudleni kwabo kokudla kwezitshalo (imbewu, amahlumela, ugalikhi wasendle) kanye nezilwane (izinambuzane, amagundane, amasele), ngesikhathi sokuzalela, abesilisa benza umdanso obabazekayo.

Inyoni yeBustard: incazelo yangaphandle

I-Dudak (noma i-bustard) ingummeleli omkhulu wezinyoni ezinhlanzini zaseRussia. Unokuzivocavoca okukhulu okufana nokuthile kofudu: isifuba esibanzi, intamo ebanzi. Umehluko phakathi kwabesilisa nabesilisa ngosayizi ubizwa kakhulu. Esokuqala sincane kakhulu, sifinyelela isisindo esingama-4-8 kg kanye nobude obungamasentimitha angama-80. Ngasikhathi sinye, abesilisa bangabakhulu bangempela. Ubude bomzimba obujwayelekile ngokwesilinganiso bungamamitha, futhi isisindo sifinyelela kumakhilogremu ayi-16. Ngakho-ke, akumangazi ukuthi le nyoni eyi-steppe yaba yinto yokudoba. Isici esiyingqayizivele yimilenze enamandla enezinzwane ezintathu ngaphandle kweplamu - ithuluzi lokuhamba ngokushesha emhlabathini. Le nyoni igijima kahle futhi indiza kahle, inikezwe usayizi omkhulu.

Umbala wama-bustards we-plumage

Lesi ngesinye isici esehlukanisa ongasibona kalula lesi nyoni. I-plumage inemibala emihle kakhulu. Imvelo yamtholela inhlanganisela enhle yemibala eqondayo. Ikhanda nentamo kupendiwe emlotheni omlotha, ukugcwala kungancika endaweni yokuhlala yabantu. Amanye amapayipi avela phezulu anombala obomvu-obomvu, iphethini linamanzi, liyashintshashintsha. Isifuba, ngaphansi kanye nesisu simhlophe qwa. Le nyoni yokutholwa ayinamehluko ngombala ngokuya ngobulili. Kuphela kwentwasahlobo entanyeni yowesilisa enza into efana nekhola yombala obomvu obomvu kanye nezixhumi zezimpaphe ezinjengezintambo ezivela esisekelweni somlomo uvela - zihlala kuze kube sekupheleni kwehlobo.

Uhlala kuphi umphithiphithi?

Buhlala kuphi lobu buhle? Le nyoni eyi-steppe, ifisa izindawo ezicebile eziminyene, kepha hhayi izimila eziphakeme kakhulu (i-fescue, izimpaphe zotshani), imadows. Kuqala, ama-bustard ahlala kuphela ogwadule abaseziyintombi nasemaqeleni, manje indawo ahlala kuyo isandisiwe, hhayi indima encane kulokhu edlalwa yimisebenzi yabantu. Ukhetha ukudla esidlekeni ezindaweni ezibucayi, okuvame kakhulu ezintabeni. Ibekezelela amazinga okushisa aphansi ngokwanele, kepha iyazwela emithambekeni yeqhwa nokumboza isikhathi eside kweqhwa.

Maqondana nentuthuko eyenziwe yizo zonke izinkundla ezikhudlwana, inyoni eyindilinga yaphoqeleka ukuyijwayela. Ngenxa yalokhu, manje isiyatholakala emasimini ezolimo, ezindaweni ezinotshani.

Okubhalwe phansi kweBustard

1. European. Ihlala iningi lendawo yokuhlala, eningizimu-nentshonalanga ye-Altai. Ihluke ngombala wekhanda, kumnyama kulokhu okukhokhelwayo, futhi iphethini emuva ingemfushane kancane, imivimbo emnyama imincane.

2. I-East Siberian. Indawo le isempumalanga yeTuva, enyakatho- nasempumalanga eseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Altai. Iphethini engemuva ibukhali futhi ibukhali, imivimbo emnyama ibanzi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emadodeni, izinqwaba zezimpaphe zithuthukisa hhayi kuphela ezinhlangothini zekhanda, kepha futhi nasemphinjeni.

Umkhosi wokuzala nokuzala

Abesifazane ngaphambili bafinyelela ebusheni, ngeminyaka engu-3-4, nabesilisa abaneminyaka engama-5-6 ubudala. Zibuyela njalo endaweni yokuhlala izidleke njalo ngonyaka, lapho nje kuvela amabala okuqala emhlabathini. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngoMashi noma ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Ekuqaleni, izinyoni ziyagcina emihlambini bese zilinda umhlaba ukuba wome. Ngemuva kwalokhu, isikhathi semikhosi yomshado siqala, zenzeka ngezigaba ezikhethekile - imisinga. Indawo ihlala njalo, futhi izinyoni zibuyela kuyo njalo ngonyaka. Inyoni ephaphazelayo ayisihlanganisi njalo.

Umcimbi womshado uthakazelisa kakhulu futhi unomsindo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izibiliboco empilweni ejwayelekile - izinyoni zithule impela. Isenzo esisebenza kakhulu senzeka ekuseni kakhulu, kuze kube amahora angama-8. Abesilisa abaningi baqala ukubonakala phambi kwabesifazane. Lokhu kubonakala ngesibonakaliso esisebenzayo samaplamu, kukhuphula isigaxa somphimbo, ngenkathi izimpaphe zomphimbo zimi ekugcineni. Lapho kufinyelela umvuthwandaba, le nyoni ifana nebhola futhi yenza umsindo omncane othambile. Konke lokhu kubukwa ngabesifazane abanentshisekelo. Owesilisa ukhetha kuzo, emva kwalokho kuvela kokuzalela.

Izindlwane namachwane

Isikhathi lapho amaqanda ebekwa khona cishe silingana kulo lonke uhla, kepha isimo sezulu singaba nomthelela. Ukuhlanganiswa okukodwa kwenziwa ngesizini ngayinye. Owesifazane uzibandakanya ekuhleleni isidleke. Wenza ukujula emhlabathini ngosizo lwama-paws, akhiphe zonke izimpande ezisele neziqu zotshani, khona-ke ngokuhamba komzimba okujikelezayo kunika umgodi ukwakheka okujikelezayo. Isidleke esenziwe ngale ndlela, njengomthetho, sizungezwe ngotshani futhi singafihlwa ngokuthembekile. Ku-clutch, iningi lamaqanda amaningi, okuvame ukuba libe linye. Ngefomu labo, bafana nemikhorasi, kepha iyindilinga eyengeziwe, inkulu kakhulu, ifinyelela kumasentimitha angama-7- 7 ubude. Umbala wamaqanda ungahluka kakhulu; isendlalelo siyahlukahluka kusuka kokusinki okukhanyayo kuya kokuluhlaza komnqumo. Izikhala zisakazeke kukho, zingaba nezincane noma zicace ezinkulu, ngesimo sokuqhuma noma ngokungajwayelekile (esithombeni ngenhla).

Abesilisa abayibambi iqhaza ekubambeni nasekukhuliseni inzalo. Ngemuva kokuzalela, ahlangana ngamaqembu amakhulu futhi aya kumasayithi ancibilikayo. Insikazi ifihla amaqanda izinsuku ezingama-21- 28. Kunzima impela ukuyithola emahlathini otshani. I-Bustard ku-steppe, enombala ovikelayo, inconspicuous kakhulu. Amachwane angokwaloluhlobo lwe-brood, azalwa ezimele ngokuphelele futhi enamabala. Kungakapheli nenyanga, afinyelela isisindo esingama-kilogre angama-2-3 futhi ame phiko. Kodwa-ke, bahlala nonina kuze kube sebusika, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kuze kube sentwasahlobo.

Ngabe inyoni inezitha zemvelo?

Mhlawumbe wonke umuntu unazo, kepha ama-bustards awanawo amaningi. Okokuqala, bahlaselwa emoyeni yizinkozi kanye nezinkozi ezinomsila omhlophe. UBustard uhlala emaqeleni futhi akazithandi izimila ezinamahlahla. Izikhala ezivulekile ziyenza ibe sengozini kakhulu evela emoyeni. Emhlabeni, izimpungushe, izimpisi, amabheja, kanye nezinja ezidukelayo namakati, kuyingozi. Usongo lubekelwe ikakhulu amachwane nokubekwa kwamaqanda, okuvame ukucekelwa phansi.

Izizathu zokuqothuka kwezinhlobo

Kukhona ezintathu kuphela kuzo, futhi zonke zihlobene nemisebenzi yabantu.

• Ukuzingela izinyoni okukhulu ngekhulu le-19 nelokuqala lekhulu lama-20. Izinga lalilikhulu kakhulu futhi kwamanye amazwe kuholele ekunyamalalisweni ngokuphelele kwama-bustards.
• Ukukhuphuka kwendawo yomhlaba wezolimo kanye nokwenza ngcono izindlela zokwenza umsebenzi wazo. Konke lokhu kuholela ekubhujisweni kwezidleke, ukubeka amaqanda.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwendawo yezinyoni ngezidingo ezahlukahlukene (ukutshala amabhande amahlathi, izindlela zokunisela, imigwaqo, izintambo zamandla ezinamandla amakhulu, njll.).

Izinyathelo ezisebenzayo azithathwa nje kuphela ukugcina izinhlobo zezilwane, kodwa futhi nokwandisa inani lazo eRussia naseYurophu. Izindlela namathuba okufuya izinyoni ekudingisweni kuyafundwa. Izisebenzi zezikhungo ezikhethekile ziqoqa amaqanda amakhulu ezindaweni lapho baphelela khona ekufeni, futhi zifakwe kuma-incubator, amaphuphu asakhulile ayadedelwa endle.

Habitat, indawo yokuhlala

Izindawo ahlala kuzo lezi ziqhingi zihlakazekile ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zezwekazi lase-Euro, futhi okuwukuphela kwesibalo esincane sabantu abahlala enyakatho-mpumalanga neMorocco (e-Afrika). Kukhona imininingwane, nokho, yokuthi inani labantu base-Afrika selivele liphelile. E-Eurasia, lena eningizimu ye-Iberian Peninsula, i-Austria, iSlovakia kanye neNingizimu Bohemia eseningizimu. IBustard itholakala eduze kwaseGomel, eChernihiv, eBryansk, eRyazan, eTula, ePenza nasezindaweni zase Samara kuze kufike eningizimu yeBashkiria.

Izinhlobo zihlala eNtshonalanga yeSiberia, zifinyelela eBarnaul naseMinusinsk, eningizimu ye-Eastern Sayans, indawo ephansi ye-Upper Angara, iKhankai lowland kanye nesigodi se-Zeya ephansi. Ngaseningizimu, uhla lufika oLwandle iMedithera, izifunda zase-Asia Minor, izifunda eziseningizimu ye-Azerbaijan kanye nenyakatho ye-Iran. Lezi zinyoni zahlala empumalanga yoLwandle iCaspian futhi zaya ezindaweni eziphansi ze-Urals, i-Irgiz, iTurgay kanye nezindawo ezisempumalanga yeKazakhstan.

Lesi siqhingi sihlala eTien Shan, naseningizimu, eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeTajikistan, nasentshonalanga, siya esiqongweni saseKaratau. Ngasempumalanga yeTien Shan, uhla luhlanganisa imingcele yasenyakatho yeGobi, unyawo lweGreater Khingan eningizimu-ntshonalanga, enyakatho-mpumalanga yesifundazwe saseHeilongjiang naseningizimu yePrimorye.

Kubalulekile! Igebe phakathi kwezindawo zezindawo ezisempumalanga nasentshonalanga zihamba nge-Altai. Ama-bustards aseTurkey nawaseYurophu ajwayelekile ukuba axazululwe, lapho empumalanga (i-steppe) ethe xaxa indiza ebusika, ikhetha eCrimea, eningizimu yeCentral Asia kanye nesifunda seCaspian, kanye nenyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina.

I-Ornithologists ikhuluma ngokuzivumelanisa okuphezulu kwemvelo kwezinhlobo, ngokususelwa ekusakazweni kwayo okubanzi kwe-zonal. Kwasungulwa ukuthi ama-bustards afunde ukuhlala nokukhiqiza kabusha emasimini aguqulwe ngabantu cishe angaziwa.

Isimo sokuqala se-Dudak sithathwa njengezindawo ezinamaphethelo asenyakatho. Ama-bustards anamuhla akhetha utshani obude (ikakhulukazi izimpaphe zotshani). Imvamisa zihlala ezindaweni eziphakemeyo, ezinamagquma ambalwa (enezimila eziphakeme kodwa ezingenamkhawulo), zigwema imishayo, izigodi, amagquma asezindaweni nasezindaweni ezinamadwala. Ama-Bustards esidlekeni, njengomthetho, ethafeni, ngezikhathi ezithile ahlala ezintabeni.

Ukudla kwe-Bustard

Le nyoni ine-assortment ecebile ye-gastronomic, okubandakanya izingxenye zezilwane nezitshalo, isilinganiso sazo esithintwa yiminyaka yobudala kanye nobulili bustard, indawo yokuhlala kanye nokutholakala kokuphakelwa okuthile.

Abantu abadala badla ngokuzithandela amaqabunga, amahlumela, ama-inflorescence kanye nembewu yezitshalo ezilinywe / zasendle ezinjengalezi:

• i-dandelion, insimu ye-cirsium, umlimi wezimbuzi, umgodi wokuhlwanyela engadini, i-tansy ejwayelekile, i-celeba,
• i-meadow clover ne-clover enwantayo, i-sainfoin, i-peas yamaqabunga, i-alfalfa (ukuhlwanyela),
• ukuhlwanyela nokuhlwanyela insimu, ukudlwengulwa, iklabishi, itheniphu, lwesinaphi esimnyama,
• kid and fescue,
• i-plantain ehlukahlukene.

Ngesinye isikhathi, ishintshela ezimpandeni zotshani - inkukhu yesambulela, izinambuzane zotshani zikakolweni kanye no-anyanisi.

Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! Ngokushoda kwezitshalo ezijwayelekile, lesi sihlahla siguqukayo siyashintsha ukuze sithole ukudla okunamandla, ngokwesibonelo, amahlumela ebhungane. Kepha imicu ye-beet eyindlawu ivame ukubangela ukufa kwezinyoni ngenxa yokugayeka.

Ukwakheka kokuphakelwa kwezilwane kubukeka kanjena:

• abadala / isikhonyane, izintethe, ikhilikithi kanye nezibungu,
• izimbungulu / izibungu zamabhungane omhlabathi, ama-carnivores, amabhungane aseColorado, amabhungane amnyama, amabhungane amaqabunga kanye no-weevil,
• amacimbi wezimvemvane nezimbungulu (kuyaqabukela),
• iminenke, iminyundu, kanye namawashi,
• izibankwa, amasele, amaphuphu asendle lark nezinye izinyoni ezidlekayo emhlabathini,
• izinduku ezincane
• izintuthwane / ipupae ye-genus formica (yokondla amaphuphu).

Ama-Bustards awakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwamanzi: ehlobo bandiza baye endaweni yokuphuza, ebusika baneliswa yiqhwa.

Ukuzalela inzalo

Izinyoni ezifudukayo zibuyela emazweni azo okuhlala eqhweni, ziqala ukuhamba ngokushesha nje lapho sekuqala ukoma. Baqala ukuzungeza ngamaqembu (ngaphandle kokulwa) noyedwa, bekhetha izigaba ezivulekile zamanje lapho ungabuka khona indawo.

Indoda eyodwa ibala ububanzi obufika kumamitha angama-50. Okwamanje kuvame ukuphuma ekuphumeni kwelanga, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kwenzeka ngaphambi kokushona kwelanga noma phakathi nosuku. Isimbotshana samanje sisakaza amaphiko aso, siphonsa intamo yaso, sigcwalisa umphimbo waso, sigxibha amadevu waso siphonse umsila waso ngemuva. Owesilisa othandweni ecstasy ubukeka njengefu elimhlophe, ebamba “inyoni” yakhe evamile ngemuva kwemizuzwana eyi-10-15.

Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! Abesifazane ukufika noma ukuza njengamanje abakheli ngababili njalo. Emabheleni, bobabili polyandry ne-polygyny babonwa, lapho "abakhwenyana" kanye "nomakoti" abashade nabalingani abahlukile.

I-Nest ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, ihlomisa izidleke emhlabathini ongenalutho, kwesinye isikhathi izifihle ngotshani. I-egg incubation (2-5), kanye nokukhulisa izingane, inikezwe umama: obaba bahlangana emhlambini futhi bathuthela ezindaweni zangaphambi kokuqala kokuncibilika.

Izinkukhu zidonsa ngoMeyi - Juni, ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu kuya amane. I-Pukhovichki icishe iphume ngokushesha esidlekeni, kodwa abayishiyi: nangu umama wabo ebondla. Baqala ukufuna ukudla ngokwabo ngezinsuku ezinhlanu, ngaphandle kokuyeka ukudla komsoco komama kwamanye amasonto ama-2-3. Ukukhula okuncane kulungiselelwe ngokuphelele futhi kumile ohlangothini cishe inyanga eyi-1, ngaphandle kokushiya umama wakhe kuze kube sekupheleni, futhi kaningi kuze kube sentwasahlobo. I-plumage yokugcina ebusika / i-mating ivela ema-bustards hhayi ngaphambi kweminyaka emi-4 kuya ku-4 ngokufana nokuzala, okwenzeka kubantu besifazane eminyakeni emi-2 kuya kwemihlanu, nakowesilisa eminyakeni engama-5-6.

Inyoni icula kanjani (ividiyo)

Kuvela kumuntu kuvela ingozi enkulu kakhulu. Nguye obangele ukuqothulwa kwalolu hlobo. Kunezici ezi-3 eziphambili:

1. Umsebenzi wezindawo lapho izinyoni zakha khona izidleke nokondla zazo zonke izinhlobo zezidingo (imigwaqo, amachibi okudonsa, izintambo zamandla, njll.).
2. Ukwanda kwendawo okuhlalwa kuyo ngamapulazi.
3. Izimbobo ezinamaqanda namachwane zimane zichithwe lapho kucutshungulwa amasimu.
4. Ukuzingela okukhulu.

Ama-Ornithologists kanye nama-zoodefenders enza imisebenzi eminingana ehlose ukubuyisa inani lalezi zinyoni ezinhle.

Izihloko zemiyalezo ezaziwayo

• IDatura (isitshalo) IDatura isitshalo esinoshevu emndenini waseduzane. Ngakho-ke, amazambane notamatisi bayizihlobo ezisondele kakhulu kuye. I-Asia ibhekwa njengendawo okuzalwe kuyo le mbali, kodwa ngenxa yokungabekezeleleki kwayo ingatholakala emazwenikazi ahlukahlukene.
• Izimpi Zenkolo Yezingane zaqhubeka kusukela ekugcineni kwe-11 kuye kwali-12. Kulesi sikhathi sonke, amashumi ezinkulungwane zabantu aya emazweni asePalestine: ama-knights, abajwayelekile abajwayelekile nezindela. Umgomo wawungenye - ukukhulula iJerusalema ezandleni zamaSulumane.
• I-Elk Island epaki likazwelonke Imininingwane ephathelene nelinye lamapaki ezwe lonke laseRussia asindile kuze kube sesikhathini sethu kusukela ngesikhathi se-Ivan the Terrible. Esebenzisa ingxenye esenyakatho-empumalanga eduze nenhloko-dolobha yezwe nensimu ethile yaseMoscow, i-Elk Park yadonsela ukunaka

UDudak yinyoni ehehayo

Ukuphela kukaSepthemba 1940. Ilanga lisanda kuphuma futhi lisabalalisa imithombo yokugcina yenkungu yasekuseni. Ukuphefumula kalula. Ngimi emphemeni wendlu, futhi ubaba ukhuluma esangweni nomakhelwane othanda umzingeli we-amateur njengoba enjalo.

Amakhilomitha angama-20 entshonalanga, ngemuva kogongolo oluncane, kwafakwa ibhuloho elibolile eligudle phezu kwalo, i-Ukraine yaqala.

Kulesi sifunda se-steppe esingahlalwa muntu kwakukhona inqwaba yemidlalo, okuwukuphela kwesitha sabo okwakungabazingeli abangama-amateur, kodwa kwakukhona abangu-15 - 20 kubo sonke lesi sikhungo sesifunda.

Mina nobaba sasivame ukuzingela, kepha ekuqaleni ngangingenasibhamu. Kwathi-ke, yize ngangincane, wanginikeza u-Izhevka one-barrel eyodwa.

Naphezu kokuzola okuphelele, futhi mhlawumbe nokunganaki inyamazane enjalo, bonke abazingeli engibaziyo babenesifiso esijulile, umuntu angasho, iphupho, ukuzingela nokuthola, cha, hhayi indlovu noma ibhere elinamaparele, kodwa i-dudak, eyaziwa kwisayensi njengesixhaxha. Kodwa-ke, ababaningi ababengasho ukuthi babona le nyoni, futhi bambalwa kuphela ababengaziqhayisa ngokuthi bayitholile. Abazingeli bacabange kancane ukuthi kungani i-duduk iyi-rarity, noma kunjalo, angizwanga izingxoxo ngalesi sihloko.

Ezindaweni zokuzingela nasemcimbini, etafuleni lemikhosi, babevame ukukhuluma nge-dudak.

Lokho nje bekungakhulumi ngaye. Bakhumbula ukuthi le nyoni enkulu kakhulu, efinyelela isisindo esingama-20 kg, ihlala emaqenjini emindeni, ukuthi yahlangana nemihlambi yezinyoni ezingama-40-50, ukuthi, ihlakaniphile kakhulu, ibona isitha kude futhi ithanda ukuhamba lapho kubonakala, ukuthi unogada uvikelekile ngesikhathi sokudla, kodwa-ke, ayizesabi izinkomo futhi zidla imifino eduzane nomhlambi, ehola indlela yokuphila enamahloni, isebenza ngokushesha okukhulu, awukwazi ukubamba noma yiliphi ihhashi, iyandiza, kepha ithule futhi ilukhuni, ayikwazi ukundiza amabanga amade, inamandla amangalisayo, ilwa isitha ngenkuthalo. uyamshaya njengoba uqhwaku eqinile nasemilenzeni, senze ukulimala kabi kakhulu ukuthi abanye abavukuzi kungabulala.

Kungabonakala ukuthi ngamandla anjalo, amandla endiza nokugijima ngokushesha, iDudak ayesabi muntu, kepha kuvela ukuthi inobuthakathaka obuningi, isengozini enkulu. Ngakho-ke, izimpaphe azigcotshwanga ngamafutha njengedada noma i-goose, ngakho-ke ziqinile futhi ziguqile esimweni sezulu esomile nesifudumele, futhi ku-drizzle, ngisho nakuxineni, enkungwini enomswakama, ingasaphathwa imvula, izimpaphe zimanzi, ziwele, futhi ilahlekelwe yikhono lazo ukundiza.

Amaqiniso ATHANDAYO

Izizathu zokufuduka kwazo azikho nakancane lapho kubanda khona. Iqiniso ngukuthi ama-bustards awanayo gland cocalgeal (izinyoni eziningi zinalo gland, ifaka imfihlo yokugcotshwa lapho izimpaphe zifakwe khona), okungukuthi, izimpaphe zazo zimanzi kalula. Lokhu kuyingozi ikakhulukazi ekwindla ebandayo noma ebusika, lapho amaphiko amanzi ebanda futhi enza inyoni ingabi namandla ngokuphelele. Ngalezo zikhathi ezinjalo, ungathatha umdlandla ngezandla zakho ezingenalutho ...

AbaseBrithani baba nesithakazelo ezindlini zethu eziphakeme. Umgomo wabo ukubuyisela le nyoni endaweni yayo yangaphambili, eScotland. Kulokhu, kwenziwa isikhwama esikhulu seBig Bustard. Kusukela esifundeni seSaratov, kulethwa amaqanda amaningana ama-bustard. Kubekelwe inkundla yezokuqeqeshelwa ezempi amasosha (amasosha athembisa ukuhlela uhlelo lokuqeqeshwa nesikhathi semikhosi esemisha nezindawo), kanti nabalimi abasondelene nabo bathatha indawo yokutshala ingxenye yamasimu anotshani obudlwenguliwe neminye imifino.

Imikhosi Yomshado

• Abesilisa bafika ebusheni beneminyaka engaba mihlanu, izintokazi ekuqaleni konyaka nesigamu. Minyaka yonke, ama-bustards abuyela endaweni efanayo yezidleke. Lokhu kwenzeka maphakathi no-Mashi noma ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli.
• Imicimbi yokuhlobisa yenzeka ezindongeni, lapho kusukela ekuseni kakhulu amaduna aqala ukukhombisa ubuhle bawo phambi kwezinsikazi, kuhambisana nakho konke lokhu ngokukhala okukhwabanisa. Lapho-ke owesilisa ukhetha insikazi, bese kuvela ukuzala.
• Izinyoni zilinda lapho umhlaba womile, ukuze kuthi emva kokukhwelana, ukwazi ukuqala ukwakha izidleke.

Ukuhleleka kwe-Nest

• Abesilisa abahlanganyeli ekuqandeni nasekukhuliseni amaphuphu; insikazi ibandakanyeka kukho konke lokhu. Ngemuva kokuphola, abesilisa bahlangana ngamaqembu amakhulu futhi baye ezindaweni zokuncibilika.
• Ukudalwa nokuhlelwa kwesidleke kulele ngokuphelele kowesifazane. Ngosizo lwama-paws aqinile, umba umgodi emhlabathini, abeke amahlamvu owomile ngotshani phansi. Kamuva, utshani bukhula buzungeze isidleke, okusebenza njengokufihla okuhle kwamachwane asasa.
• I-clutch eyodwa yenziwa ngenkathi eyodwa, lapho amaqanda amabili futhi angavamile kakhulu. Amaqanda ngesimo sawo afana nalawo ama-crane, kepha ayindilinga, akhulu ngosayizi, ukusuka ku-7 kuye ku-9 cm ubude.
• Umbala wamaqanda ungahluka kakhulu, isendlalelo sangemuva siyahlukahluka kusuka kwesinsundu ngombala onsomi. Amaqanda anezici namachashazi amathunzi amnyama.
• Kungakapheli amasonto amathathu kuya kwamane, insikazi ibamba amaqanda, ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi inamantshontsho amachwane.
• Ngemuva kwenyanga, amachwane anesisindo kusuka kumakhilogremu amabili kuya kwamathathu futhi ngokuzimela ame ephikweni. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, amaphuphu ahlala nonina kuze kube sebusika, ezimweni ezikhethekile kuze kube sentwasahlobo.

... KODWA BABA OBI

Abesifazane bahlala ngesizotha otshanini, bekhetha futhi behlola. Imishini ebanda kunazo zonke isheshe ithole abangane, ngesinye isikhathi engaphezu kweyodwa. Izinsikazi zingaphinde zishade nabesilisa abaningana. Futhi-ke, njengazo zonke izinyoni ezinesithembu (izilwane ezinesithembu azakhi ngazimbili ezingapheli, abesilisa bazo bavame ukuba nezinsikazi “zezinsikazi”), ukunakekelwa kwabesifazane kuyaqala. Abesilisa abanandaba nesiphetho senzalo. Ngokushesha ngemuva kwemidlalo yasentwasahlobo, babuthana emihlambini bese indiza iye mol mol. Abesifazane kuphela bakha izidleke emhlabathini. Kodwa-ke, azihlukaniswa ngamakhono abo akhethekile okwakha: bazokhipha imicu eminingi yotshani, bambe umgodi emihosheni yabo, bawashe ngensimbi yomjikelezo womzimba - futhi yilokho.