Enye yezingqinamba ezidingida kakhulu nezidingida imvelo ngomphumela wokushisa kwezitshalo.

Ithimba labahleli be-Promdevelop: Ukuhlinzeka Ngezindatshana Ezilusizo Zabafundi Abathandekayo

Amakhulu izindatshana namaphepha esayensi anikelwe kule ndaba. Ngokusho kososayensi, kunethonya elinamandla ekulinganiseni kwesimo sezulu sale planethi.

Uyini umphumela wokushisa okushisa emoyeni womhlaba

Umkhathi womhlaba unamandla okudlulisa ukukhanya kwelanga, ngenkathi igcina imisebe eshisayo evela ebusweni. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuqongelela ukushisa kwenzeka. Ukuqongelwa kwamagesi nokunye ukuphuma kwasemkhathini le nqubo iyanda, kubangele ukusebenza komphumela wokushisa komoya.

Le nkinga yomhlaba wonke ibikhona isikhathi eside. Kepha ngentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ekhulisa ukuphuma emkhathini, kanye nokwanda kwenani lezimoto kanye nokuwohloka okujwayelekile kwemvelo, iba yifanele ngokwengeziwe. Ngokwezibalo, izinga lokushisa leplanethi kule minyaka edlule likhuphuke ngo-0,74 °. Uma ubheka kuqala, kubonakala kukuncane impela. Kepha ukwanda okunje sekuholele ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu okungenakuphikwa.

Ngubani owathola indlela yokusebenza kwegreenhouse? Le ncazelo yaqala ukusetshenziswa ngo-1827 nguJ. Fourier. Kule ndaba, wabhala ngisho nendatshana ende lapho acubungula ngamasu ahlukahlukene okwenziwa kwesimo sezulu soMhlaba. Kwakungu-Fourier owabeka kuqala futhi waqinisekisa umbono wokuthi izinto eziwumbono womkhathi womhlaba ziyafana nezakhiwo zengilazi.

Kamuva, isazi sesayensi yemvelo saseSweden u-Arrhenius, lapho sifunda izakhiwo ezingekho esimweni samandla wegesi nomoya wekhabhoni, sibeka phambili umbono wokuthi ukunqwabelana kwawo emkhathini kungadala ukwanda kokushisa komhlaba wonke. Kamuva, ngesisekelo salezi zifundo, umbono wethonya lokushisa abamba ukushisa wavela.

Yini amagesi abamba ukushisa

Amagesi abamba ukushisa yigama elihlanganisiwe lamanani amagesi angabamba imisebe eshisayo yomhlaba. Kuluhlu olubonakalayo, ahlala esobala, ngenkathi edonsa umbukiso we-infrared. Amagesi abamba ukushisa awanayo ifomula ethile. Isilinganiso sabo samaphesenti singashintsha njalo. Manje imaphi amagesi amagesi abamba ukushisa?

Umbono omncane noma kungani iplanethi isifudumeza?

Umphumela wokugcina ukushisa ukushisa kwezendlalelo ezingezansi zomkhathi woMhlaba, okwenzeka ngenxa yokwanda kokuxiniswa kwamanye amagesi kuwo. Umsuka wayo ulula impela: imisebe yelanga iyashisa iplanethi, kepha ngasikhathi sinye, ukushisa kuhlala futhi kungakwazi ukubuyela esikhaleni sangaphandle - amagesi aphazamisa lokhu. Ngenxa yalezi zinqubo, izinga lokushisa leplanethi liyakhuphuka.

Ingxenyenamba ebalulekile yemisebe yelanga (efinyelela ku-75%) ewela uMhlaba iwela engxenyeni ebonakalayo neseduze ye-infrared ye-spectrum (400-1500 nm). Umkhathi awubeki, futhi amandla afudumele afinyelela phezulu kweplanethi yethu. Umhlaba, ukufudumeza, nakho, kuqala ukukhipha imisebe ngegagasi lama-microns angama-7,8-28, avele emkhathini, anikele ekupholiseni komhlaba. Isizathu esikhulu somphumela wokugcina ukushisa okuvela obala okuphezulu komkhathi wokukhanya kuhlu lwe-macho kunokukhanya kwe-infrared. Iqiniso ngukuthi amanye amagesi atholakala emoyeni amukela noma akhombisa imisebe evela eMhlabeni. Babizwa ngokuthi abamba ukushisa. Lapho bekhula kakhulu, ilanga lokushisa elithe xaxa lihlala likhona emoyeni.

Amagesi abamba ukushisa abamba ukushisa kweplanethi, okunquma izici eziningi zezulu ngezindlela eziningi.

Umnyombo womphumela wokugcina ukushisa waziwa kahle kubahlali basehlobo kanye nabalimi abasebenza ngokugcina izithombo ezindaweni zabo. Isikimu sifana kakhulu: imisebe yelanga, ukungena ngaphakathi, ukushisa inhlabathi, nophahla nodonga akuvumeli ukushisa kushiye isakhiwo. Ngakho-ke, ku-greenhouse, noma ngaphandle kokushisa, izinga lokushisa lihlala liphakeme kunangaphandle.

Kunenkulumo eningi manje mayelana nokushisa komhlaba kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Kunombono oyiphutha wokuthi ukutholakala komphumela wokugcina ukushisa kungumcimbi weminyaka yamuva noma amashumishumi eminyaka, futhi imbangela yalokho kuwumsebenzi womuntu wodwa. Lo mphumela uvela kunoma imuphi umkhathi, futhi ngaphandle kwawo impilo Emhlabeni bebengeke bakwazi.

Eqinisweni, inkinga yethu ukwanda okusheshayo komphumela wokugcina ukushisa okuye kwabonwa eminyakeni yamuva. Le nqubo ingaholela emiphumeleni emibi.

Uhlu lokushisa igesi

Amagesi abamba ukushisa abalulekile afaka:

1. I-Carbon dioxide. Ukuphila okude kakhulu emkhathini, ngenxa yalokho kuqongelela njalo.
2. UMethane Ngenxa yezakhiwo eziningi inomsebenzi onamandla. Ngokusho kweWikipedia, izinga layo kusukela ngo-1750 emkhathini lenyuke ngaphezulu kwezikhathi eziyi-150.
3. I-nititous oxide.
4. I-Perfluorocarbons - ama-PFC (ama-Perfluorocarbons - ama-PFC).
5. IHydrofluorocarbons (HFCs).
6. ISulfur hexafluoride (SF6).

I-Ozone ivikela iplanethi emisebeni yelanga ye-solraviolet yelanga. Ukushoda kwalo kunomthelela ekwakhekeni kwezimbobo ze-ozone.

Ngaphezu kwamagesi amakhulu abamba ukushisa, umphunga wamanzi uholela ekwenyukeni komphumela wokugcina ukushisa emoyeni. Eqinisweni, yisona sizathu esikhulu sokwanda kwezinga lokushisa nomswakama.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu okungenhla, amagesi abamba ukushisa abandakanya i-nitrogen oxides nama-freon. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wabantu, ukugxila kwabo kukhuphuka minyaka yonke, okwandisa umthelela omubi emvelweni.

Umlando wokucwaningwa kwalolu daba

Ucwaningo lwenkinga yemiphumela yokushisa kwezitshalo luqale engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu le-19. Ngo-1827, umsebenzi kaJoseph Fourier, i-A Note on the Temperature of the Globe and Another Planets, wabona ukukhanya kosuku, lapho ahlolisisa khona kabanzi izindlela ezenziwa ngayo isimo sezulu, kanye nezinto ezikuthintayo. Lo sosayensi uqale wachaza ukwenzeka komphumela wokugcina ukushisa usebenzisa isitsha sengilazi esivezwe ukukhanya kwelanga njengemodeli. I-Glass i-opaque cishe emisebeni ye-infrared, ngakho-ke lokhu kuhlolwa kukhombisa kahle ubunjalo bento. Wona kanye umqondo wokuthi umphumela wokugcina ukushisa waqala ukusetshenziswa kwesayensi kamuva kakhulu.

Kamuva, lezi zifundo zaqhutshwa yisazi semvelo saseSweden u-Arrhenius. Kwakunguye owabeka phambili imfundiso yokuthi ukwehla kwenani lokukhishwa kwekhabhoni emoyeni kungenye yezimbangela ezibaluleke kakhulu zeminyaka yeqhwa emlandweni weplanethi.

Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo olusebenzayo lwegalelo lokugcina ukushisa nemiphumela yalesi simo kwaqala engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu leminyaka eledlule. Ososayensi bafundele ushintsho ekujuleni kwemisebe yelanga eyenzeka lapho inani lamagesi abamba ukushisa emoyeni landa. Manje, ukulingisa izinqubo ezenzeka emkhathini, amakhompyutha wesimanje kakhulu futhi athuthukile aseqalile ukusetshenziswa. Kepha amandla abo kwesinye isikhathi awenele, ngoba isimo sezulu sendawo yonke siyisimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi namanje asiqondakali ngokuphelele.

Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, izinyathelo ezibucayi zokuqala zithathiwe ezweni lonke ukubhekana nale nkinga. Ngo-1992 kwamukelwa i-UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. Ngo-1997, i-Kyoto Protocol neParis Agreement (2015) zengezelelwa kukho. Mayelana nale mibhalo ilawula izindlela zokunciphisa ukuphuma kwasemkhathini.

Imithombo Yomoya Wotshani

Amagesi abamba ukushisa abamba izinguquko ezibalulekile zezulu, ngemvelo yazo, imithombo yokwakheka kwawo ingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amakhulu ama-2:

1. I-Technogenic. Ziyimbangela enkulu yomphumela wokugcina ukushisa. Lokhu kufaka izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezimboni ezisebenzisa ukushiswa kwamafutha e-hydrocarbon, ukuthuthukiswa kwamasimu kawoyela, kanye nokuphuma kwezinjini zezimoto.
2. Ngokwemvelo. Badlala indima yesibili. Amagesi amaningi abamba ukushisa okungokwemvelo angena emkhathini lapho kuqhuma intaba-mlilo. Futhi kuleli qembu kufaka phakathi ukuhwamuka kwezilwandle nemililo emikhulu yehlathi.

Amagesi abamba ukushisa nezinye izimbangela zokufudumala

Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi umphumela wokugcina ukushisa ubangelwa amagesi alandelayo:

Umthelela omkhulu ekwenyuseni kwezinga lokushisa lomhlaba wonke wenziwa ngumphunga wamanzi (kusuka kuma-36 kuye kwangama-72%), kulandele i-CO2 (cishe 9-26%), bese kuza i-methane (4-9%) ne-ozone (kusuka ku-3 kuye ku-7%). Amanye amagesi anomfutho ophansi kakhulu emoyeni, ngakho-ke umphumela wawo ezinqubweni zesimo sezulu awuncane.

Inani le-vapor lamanzi lincike ngokuqinile ekushiseni komkhathi ophansi. Ngaphansi kunalokho, kunciphisa umswakama kanye nomphumela wokugcina ukushisa kukhulunywa kancane. Kulokhu, umswakama owedlulele uphenduka isembozo seqhwa eqhweni kule planethi, ukhulisa ukubukeka kwayo (i-albedo) nokwenza umoya ubande kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukufudumala komhlaba (noma ukupholisa) inqubo yokuziphilisa, ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile kungaqhubeka kukhule futhi kuthuthuke ngokushesha okukhulu. Ukuyiqala, udinga nje "i-trigger", futhi i-anthropogenic factor ingahle ibe yiyo. Kulokhu, sisebenzelana nesibonelo esivamile sokuphendula okuhle.

Izikhathi zokufudumala nokuphola ezenzeke phambilini kweplanethi yethu zihlangana kahle nenani le-carbon dioxide esemkhathini. Ukukhuphuka kwayo kuholela ekunyukeni komphumela wokugcina ukushisa kanye nokwanda okuhlala isikhathi eside kwezinga lokushisa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlayiya ze-soot ne-aerosol eziqinile zingena emkhathini ongenhla nazo zithonya ukulingana kokushisa komhlaba. Imithombo yabo eyinhloko ingumsebenzi wentaba-mlilo nokuphuma kwezimboni. Uthuli nensipho kuvimbela ukungena kokukhanya kwelanga, okunciphisa izinga lokushisa lomhlaba.

Izimbangela zomphumela wokugcina ukushisa

Isizathu esikhulu sokuthuthuka komphumela wokugcina ukushisa emhlabeni sigesi esiqongelelayo esibhakabhakeni. Ukudlula ukugxilisa ingqondo kwabo kuholela ekushintsheni kwenani lokushisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungqimba lwe-ozone lungabandakanyeka kule nqubo. Ngaphansi kwethonya le-freon ne-nitrogen oxides, nayo efakwe ohlwini lwamagesi abamba ukushisa, iqala ukuwa ngokushesha futhi kube mncane ukuphuma. Ngenxa yalokho, izinga lemisebe ye-ultraviolet enzima ikhuphuka kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, umphumela wokugcina ukushisa kanye nokubhujiswa kwengqimba ye-ozone kuyichungechunge lwezehlakalo ezihlangene ezinomthelela obonakalayo ku-biogeocenosis yomhlaba wonke.

Izimbangela eziphambili zomphumela wokugcina ukushisa kufaka:

1. Ukukhula ngokushesha komkhakha osebenzisa i-oyela, igesi namanye ama-hydrocarbons angamaphiko njengemithombo yamandla. Babiza cishe isigamu sakho konke ukuphuma kwegesi.
2. Ukubhujiswa okukhulu kwamahlathi. Ngenqubo ye-photosynthesis, izihlahla zimunca isikhutha futhi zikhiqize umoya-mpilo, amahlathi “angamaplanethi akhanyayo”, ukubhujiswa kwawo kugcwele ngokukhuphuka okukhulu kwesibalo sekhabhoni diokthoni esibhakabhakeni.
3. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezolimo. Njengomphumela wokubola kwemikhiqizo yokulahlwa kukadoti yezilwane, kwakheka inani elikhulu le-methane, okungenye yamagesi abamba ukushisa ngokweqile.

Avelaphi amagesi abamba ukushisa?

Njengamanje, kukhona ukuvumelana phakathi kososayensi ukuthi ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu okuhambisana naleso sikhathi kuhlotshaniswa nokukhuphuka kwenani lekhabhoni diokthoni esibhakabhakeni kanye nomphumela wokugcina ukushisa komhlaba - umphumela wale nqubo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufudumala bekulokhu kwenzeka isikhathi eside. Isizathu esikhulu sokuqina komphumela wokushisa komhlaba ngumsebenzi womuntu, osuphenduke into enamandla yeplanethi. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwenguquko yezimboni - okungukuthi, eminyakeni engama-250 ukuya kwengama-300 eyedlule - ukugcwala kwe-methane nekhabhoni diokthoni emkhathini kukhule ngo-149% no-31%, ngokulandelana. Nansi imithombo esemqoka yamagesi abamba ukushisa:

• Ukukhula ngokushesha kwezimboni. Umthombo oyinhloko wamandla wezitshalo zethu, amafektri, izimoto ngamatshe okugcwala komhlaba - uwoyela, igesi yemvelo namalahle. Njengomphumela wokusetshenziswa kwabo, kwakhiwa i-carbon dioxide, ekhulisa umphumela wokugcina ukushisa emhlabeni. Cishe isigamu samagesi atholakala ngesikhathi semisebenzi yabantu ahlala emkhathini, amanye adonswa ulwandle nezimila zomhlaba. Isibalo sabantu soMhlaba siyanda minyaka yonke, okusho ukuthi idinga ukudla okuningi, izimpahla zezimboni, izimoto, okuholela ekukhishweni okukhulu kwekhabhoni, ngakho-ke umphumela wokugcina ukushisa kwezindlu uzokhula. Futhi uma ngaphezulu kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, izinga lokushisa likhuphuke ngamadigri angu-0,74, khona-ke ngokuzayo, ososayensi babikezela ukwanda kwamadigri angama-0,2 kuyo yonke iminyaka eyishumi,
• Ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi nentuthuko yezolimo. Esinye isizathu esikhulu sokwanda kokuhlushwa kwe CO2 emkhathini ukubhujiswa okukhulu kwamahlathi. Ngenqubo ye-photosynthesis, izihlahla zimunca isikhutha futhi zikhiqize umoya-mpilo, ngokuba ngumlawuli wemvelo wokuxiniswa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa. Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kuyadingeka ikakhulukazi ukuthola umhlaba omusha olimekayo ukuze wondle inani labantu elanda ngokushesha. Ezolimo zengeza ekukhuphukeni kwezinga lokushisa lomhlaba. Ukukhiqizwa kwemfuyo kuhlotshaniswa nokwakhiwa kwenani elikhulu le-methane, elidlula ikhabhoni diokithikhi ezindaweni zalo zokugcina ukushisa,
• Ukushiswa komhlaba. Ukukhula kwenani labantu kulindeleke ukuthi kwandise imfucuza. Namuhla, izindawo ezinkulu ezihlanganisa izinkulungwane zamahektha zithathwa ngokugcwaliswa komhlaba. Ngamunye wabo udedela emkhathini amashumi ezinkulungwane zamamitha ama-cubic we-methane ne-carbon dioxide. Isixazululo esisebenzayo sale nkinga asikabi bikho - kusho ukuthi umthamo wokukhishwa kwe- "igesi edoti" uzokhula kuphela.

Yini esongela umphumela wokugcina ukushisa komhlaba?

Umlando woMhlaba uneminyaka ecishe ibe yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezi-4,5, futhi ngaso sonke lesi sikhathi isimo sezulu seplanethi besilokhu siguquka. Kokunye okubonakalayo, izimila ezishisayo ezishisayo zazisimboza zisuka esigxotsheni ziye kwesinye, kanti kwezinye zaziyisigcawu esimbozwe yi-multimeter thick ice. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-cataclysms enjalo, ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa kwe-degree eyodwa noma amabili kubukeka njengokuyisibambiso sangempela: vele ucabange, sizonga futhi ngokushisa! Kepha akuyona yonke into elula, imiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ingaba yimbi kakhulu, nazi ezimbalwa nje:

• Ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa kuzoholela ekuncibilikeni kwamaqhwa futhi kunyuke izinga lamanzi oLwandle Lomhlaba, olusongela izikhukhula zezindawo ezinkulu. Kuyiqiniso, iplanethi ayiphenduki "umhlaba wamanzi", kepha amadolobha amaningi nezindawo ezingasogwini angahlupheka. Bambalwa abantu abazi, kepha kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, izinga lolwandle selikhuphuke ngamasentimitha angama-17, futhi kusukela maphakathi nawo-90s leli zinga lokukhuphuka liye lenyuka laya ku-3,2,3,4 mm ngonyaka. Le nkinga iyanda ngenxa yokuthi ezindaweni ezisogwini ingxenye enkulu yabantu abahlala emhlabeni, kukhona nengxenye enkulu emnothweni womhlaba,
• Ukwanda kwamazinga okushisa kuzoholela ekuguqukeni kuguquko ekusatshalaliswa kwezulu, kanye nenani lazo. Futhi lo mphumela mhlawumbe umbi kakhulu kunokuzamazama komhlaba kwezindawo ezithile. Kwezinye izindawo zomhlaba, izimvula ziba yindawo okuvela kuyo imvula, futhi kancane kancane izophenduka zibe wugwadule, kanti kwezinye, izakhamizi ziyohlupheka ngenxa yesivunguvungu, izikhukhula, i-tsunamis kanye nezinye izinhlekelele. Ngokusho kososayensi, ukwanda okwengeziwe kokushisa komoya kuzoholela ekwehleni kwesivuno sezilimo ezinkulu ezindaweni ezishisayo nezingaphansi komhlaba, okungaholela endlala nasiphazamisweni somphakathi.
• Ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa kuzothinta kabi impilo yabantu. Odokotela balindele ukwanda kwenani lezifo zenhliziyo, izifo zokuphefumula kanye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo.

Umphumela wokugcina ukushisa kwemvelo nemiphumela yako kungenzeka kuthinte kakhulu hhayi abantu kuphela, kodwa futhi nemvelo yomhlaba wonke. Ukushintshwa kwesimo sezulu kuzonciphisa izinhlobo eziningi zezinto ezihlala kuzo, futhi akulona iqiniso ukuthi bonke "abafowethu abancane" bazokwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezinguquko ezinje.Ukunyamalala kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane kuzophazamisa iketanga lokudla elijwayelekile, okungaholela ekutheni kube "nomphumela" wangempela. Ukwanda kokuhlushwa kwe-carbon dioxide emkhathini kanye nokwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa komoya kuholela ekuqinisekisweni kwe-acid olwandle, okuthinta kabi wonke umuntu ohlala kuyo.

Ungabhekana kanjani nayo?

Umuntu ubhekane kaningi nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bebengomunye wemikhosi eqhuba inqubekela phambili yomlando. Izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa noma kabili, isomiso kanye nezikhukhula zidale izimpi nokuvukelana, ukufuduka kwabantu abaningi, ukwehla kwezindawo kanye nempucuko. Ungayigwema kanjani imiphumela eyinhlekelele esilindele lapho kwenzeka khona ushintsho olukhulu lwesimo sezulu? Ingabe kunethuba lokunciphisa lokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-greenhouse effect? Yini engenziwa ngalokhu?

Namuhla sazi zonke izinto eziholela ekuqokeleleni kwamagesi abamba ukushisa nokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa lomoya. Kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukubuyisa lesi simo esikhona njengamanje, ngoba lokhu kuzodinga imizamo yabo bonke abantu nokwakhiwa kabusha komnotho kwezwe okuyisisekelo. Ukuqala, udinga nje ukuqonda ukuthi umphumela wokugcina ukushisa kuyinkinga yomhlaba wonke esesongela hhayi zonke izifundazwe, kodwa bonke abantu.

Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo ziyadingeka ukuze kuncishiswe ukuphuma kwegesi okushisa komoya emoyeni:

• Kuyadingeka ukwakha kabusha amandla futhi kunciphise inani lokuphuma kwezimboni. Umthombo omkhulu we-CO2 namuhla ukushiswa kwamafutha okugcwala komhlaba: uwoyela, amalahle negesi. Ukuze ubanciphise, ubuntu kufanele buguqukele kumandla okuthiwa angakwazi ukuvuseleleka: ilanga, umoya, amanzi. Eminyakeni yamuva, isabelo sabo ku-whole inani besilokhu sikhula ngokushesha impela, kepha kusobala ukuthi amanani awanele. Futhi sidinga ukuyeka ukusetshenziswa kwezimoto ezinenjini zangaphakathi zomlilo bese zidlulisela ezimotweni zikagesi. Kuyacaca ukuthi konke lokhu okungenhla kudinga ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezigidi eziningi namashumi eminyaka yokusebenza kanzima. Kepha udinga ukukuqala namuhla,
• Ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kwamandla, futhi lokhu kuyasebenza ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni, nasekukhiqizweni kwamandla, nasezindlini nasezinsizakalweni zomphakathi. Ukwanda kwamandla kwemikhiqizo kufanele kwehliswe kakhulu. Sidinga ubuchwepheshe obusha obungalimazi imvelo. Noma ukufakwa okuyisisekelo kwama-facade okwakha, ukufakwa kwamafasitela wanamuhla kanye nokufakwa esikhundleni kwezitshalo zokushisa kungaba nomphumela obalulekile ngokuya konga amandla, futhi, ngakho-ke, kunciphise izindleko zikaphethiloli futhi kunciphise ukuphuma okulimazayo,
• Indlela esebenzayo kakhulu yokulwa nomphumela wokugcina ukushisa ukunciphisa inani lokungcola. Umuntu kumele afunde ukusebenzisa izinsiza okwesibili, lokhu kuzosusa ukuqothuka, okuwumthombo onamandla we-methane, noma okungenani anciphise ivolumu lawo,
• Kuyadingeka ukumisa ukucekelwa phansi kwamahlathi nokubuyisela izikhala eziluhlaza. Ukudubula kumele kuhambisane nokutshalwa kwezihlahla ezintsha.

Umphumela wokugcina ukushisa kanye nokwanda kwamazinga okushisa wonyaka kufanele kulwelwe ezingeni lomhlaba jikelele, ngokubambisana okusondelene phakathi kwamazwe ahlukene. Izinyathelo zokuqala kule ndlela sezivele zithathiwe, futhi ukunyakaza kufanele kuqhubeke. Ososayensi bahlongoza ukuhlanganisa impi yokulwa nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu ezingeni lezinhlaka zezifundazwe. Indima yezinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni ezihlale ziphakamisa lesi sihloko nazo zinkulu. Kufanele siqonde kahle ukuthi incane kangakanani iplanethi yethu nokuthi isengozini kangakanani kubantu.

Uyini umphumela wokugcina ukushisa?

Amagagasi amafushane futhi amade nokushisa angena ngaphakathi kweplanethi, ayifudumeza. Imvamisa, amanye awo kufanele abuyiselwe emkhathini, kepha amagesi abamba ukushisa aphazamisa le nqubo. Ngenxa yamanani amagesi amaningi, izingqimba ezingezansi ziba mncane, ngakho-ke zingakwazi ukugcina ukushisa. Lokhu kuholela kokungalingani okwandayo. Kuyisiko ukuhlobana namagesi abamba ukushisa:

• ozone
• methane
• isikhutha
• ozone oxide
• Ama-Freon ngazimbili
• umphunga wamanzi.

Uyini umphumela wegreenhouse futhi uyini umphumela wazo emhlabeni, ofundwe isikhathi eside. Noma kunjalo, ukunakwa okukhethekile kukhokhwa kuphela emiphumeleni emibi ye-PE.

Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi lo mphumela ubulokhu ukhona emhlabeni. Kuholele ekutheni izinga lokushisa eliphakathi kweplanethi lisuka ku + 13 ... + 15 ° C.

Uma ingekho le nto, izinga lokushisa elingaphansi komhlaba lizoba ngu-18 ° C. Ngakho-ke, ngencazelo, impilo ngaphandle kwe-PE kwiplanethi bekungeke kwenzeke.

Umphumela wemvelo wegreenhouse usekelwa ngumsebenzi owenziwa yizintaba-mlilo, ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi kanye nokudedelwa kwekhabhoni dayoksayidi lapho kuchithwa amaminerali athile. Umsebenzi womuntu uholela ekwandeni okusheshayo ekugcekeni kwamagesi abamba ukushisa nokushisa umkhathi. Lokhu sekuvele kukhulisa ibhalansi futhi kuholela ekushintsheni kwezimo zezulu. Ezinye izinhlekelele zamashumi eminyaka edlule zihambisana nethonya lamagesi abamba ukushisa abamba ukushisa.

Izizathu ze-PE

Izimbangela zemvelo zomphumela wokugcina ukushisa komhlaba cishe azinawo umthelela ekulinganiseni phakathi kokufakwa kwamagagasi amafushane namade ebusweni bomhlaba nokubonakaliswa kwawo esikhaleni. Indlela yokwenza ukwakheka kwama-vapor kusuka emafusaneni asemhlabeni iqondakale kahle. Kukholakala ukuthi ukwanda kwalomphumela kubonwa njengomphumela wentuthuko yezimboni.

Kwatholakala ukuthi umthombo omkhulu kakhulu we-vapor wamanzi ne-carbon dioxide angamabhizinisi lapho, phakathi nemisebenzi yabo, beshisa inani elikhulu legesi yemvelo, amalahle kanye no-oyela. Ngasikhathi sinye, inani elikhulu lothuli nezinye izinto eziba nomthelela ekwenzekeni kwalo mphumela zingena emkhathini.

Ukungcoliswa kwesibili okubaluleke kakhulu yizimoto. Lapho kushiswa uphethiloli, bakhipha isamba esikhulu sekhabhoni kanye nokunye ukungcola. Kukholelwa ukuthi ukwanda kwesibalo sezimoto emadolobheni amakhulu kuholele ekubukekeni kwe-smog ebonakalayo kanye nokwanda kwendawo okushisa okujwayelekile ngo-1-2 ° C.

Ukuvela kwale nkinga kunomthelela ekukhuleni kokusetshenziswa kwamandla. Lokhu akusho ukuthi ukushiswa kukaphethiloli okwandayo, kepha futhi kubangela ukufudumala okwengeziwe komkhathi nendawo yasemanzini, okunyusa inani lokuhwamuka futhi kuthuthukise umphumela wegreenhouse.

Umlando wezifundo ze-PE

Ucwaningo lokuqala lomphumela wokugcina ukushisa kanye nomphumela walo kuplanethi kwavela ngo-1827, lapho kwakhutshwa incwadi kaJean-Baptiste Fourier.

Kulomsebenzi, lo mcwaningi wethule umbono wakhe mayelana nendlela okubonakala ngayo ukusebenza kwegreenhouse, izimbangela zokwenzeka kwalesi sigameko kanye nomphumela wazo ngemuva kwesizinda seplanethi.

Iziphetho zakhe uthembele ocwaningweni olwenziwe nguM. De Saussure, odalule ukuthi esikebheni esimnyama seglasi, esivaliwe futhi sashiswa elangeni, izinga lokushisa liphakeme kakhulu kunangaphandle. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imisebe yokushisa ayikwazi ukubuyela emvelweni, ngoba ingilazi emnyama iba yisithiyo kuye. Ngisho nakulesi simo, izinga lokuvunyelwa akusona isithiyo elangeni.

Ngemuva kokutholwa kwesimo sokuqongelela kwemisebe eshisayo emoyeni ophansi, kwenziwa ezinye izifundo ukuthola umthelela ongaba khona walomphumela esimweni sezulu, imisinga yolwandle, imvamisa yezinhlekelele zemvelo, njll.

I-Greenhouse umphumela kanye nokufudumala kwembulunga yonke

I-PE nokushisa komhlaba kuyizinqubo ezixhumene. Ngenxa yomphumela wokugcina ukushisa, isilinganiso samazinga okushisa aphakathi nonyaka kule planethi eminyakeni eyishumi edlule sikhule ngaphezulu kuka + 12 ° C. Ezifundeni lapho ngesikhathi sasehlobo eminyakeni engama-20 eyedlule, izinga lokushisa lomoya lalingu +22 .. + 27 ° C, manje kwesinye isikhathi sifinyelela ku +35 .. + 37 ° C.

Ukwanda kwezimo zokushisa kuyingozi ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezisenyakatho. Izinguzunga zeqhwa sezivele zincibilika ngokushesha. Ngaphezu kwalokho kunokwehla kwesikhathi sokuwa kweqhwa ebusika. Ngenxa yokuncibilika ngokushesha kweqhwa, kunciphisa okunye esikhathini sesikhathi semvula.

Amanye amaqhwa aseneminyaka eyikhulu edlule, okwakukhona eminyakeni engama-50 edlule ezincekelweni zezintaba zasenkabeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunokuncibilika okusheshayo kwamaqhwa asezindongeni ezigodini zomhlaba. Abanye abaphenyi bathi le nto kungenzeka ukuthi ibange izikhukhula zezindawo ezinabantu abaningi.

Umthelela wokufudumala kwendawo yonke kuzo zonke izinto eziphila emhlabeni mkhulu. Sekuvele kudale ukukhuphuka okuncane kwamazinga okushisa olwandle kanye nokwehla kwezinga lokuhlushwa i-oksijini emanzini. Lokhu kudala ukuncipha kwenani lezilwane zasemanzini.

Ukushisa komhlaba ngokweqile kungadala ukwehla endaweni okuhlala kuyo amahlathi njengamanje. Kulokhu, ama-steppes azoba khona ezindaweni ezake zahlalwa amahlathi ngaphambili.

Ngakho-ke, ukufudumala komhlaba kuzoholela ekuphazamisweni kwamaketanga okudla kanye nokuqothulwa kwenani elikhulu lezinhlobo zezitshalo, izilwane nezinyoni.

Umthelela we-PE kwisimo sezulu

Isimo sezulu esizinzile siyisimo esibalulekile sokuba khona kokuphila emhlabeni. Izitshalo nezilwane eziningi azikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zokushintsha esikhathini esifushane. Uma ucabanga ukuthi iyiphi i-PE eyingozi, udinga ukunaka inani elikhulayo lezinhlekelele zemvelo eminyakeni engama-50 edlule.

Ngenxa yokwehliswa kwezikhathi zemvula, isomiso esinzima sibhekwa njalo kwezinye izifunda, okuholele ekufeni kwezitshalo nemfuyo. Inkinga yendlala ngenxa yezinhlekelele zemvelo ezinje ibizwa kakhulu emazweni amaningi ase-Afrika. Izilwane zasendle zincipha ngokushesha ngenxa yokwehliswa kwezindawo ezinokuhlalwa kuzo.

Ukwanda kwamazinga okushisa ngenxa yomthelela wokugcina ukushisa ezindaweni ezihlukene kuholele ekwenyukeni kwezindawo zogwadule ezikhona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezindaweni ezifana neBangistan, izikhukhula ezinzima manje ziya ngokwanda okubangela ukulimala komnotho. Ukwanda kwenani lezishingishane nezivunguvungu kubuye kuhlotshaniswe nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu okuthuthukayo.

Ukwanda kwe-PE ezintweni eziphilayo kukhuthazelwa ukwanda kokuhwamuka kwamanzi okuvela olwandle nasebusweni bamazwekazi. Ngakho-ke, inqubo kungenzeka ngokushesha ingalungiseki futhi ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu ngokuzayo kungenza iplanethi ingakulungeli ukuphila. Kukholelwa ukuthi ukwanda kwezinga lezilwandle nokuncipha kwezinga likasawoti ngenxa yokuncibilika kweqhwa kungathinta kabi imisinga yolwandle.

Ukungabikho kwalokhu okugcina kuzoholela emazingeni okushisa aphansi kwizigxobo nokukhuphuka kwekhweyitha. Ngakho-ke, i-equatorial zone izobhekana nesomiso esinzima, kanye nezindawo ezisenyakatho - kuya ngokushesha kwe-icing. Kukholelwa ukuthi lo mphumela ungadala ukuqala kwenkathi yeqhwa elandelayo.

Umthelela womsebenzi womuntu ku-PE

Ukwehla amandla nokuqina kwento eluhlaza ngokushisa kubonwe kuso sonke isikhathi sokukhona komhlaba. Ukuvela kwale nto kugqugquzelwa ezinye izehlakalo zemvelo. Kodwa-ke, izinkinga ze-PE manje zihlobene ngqo nenqubo yokufukula izimboni kwamanye amazwe.

Imisebenzi yabantu iholele ekukhishweni kwamanani amakhulu wekhabhoni dioksijini nomphunga wamanzi.

Umuntu ufuna ukuhlala ngokunethezeka nokuhamba ngezithuthi zomuntu. Lokhu kuholele ekutheni ukushisa komhlaba kwanda minyaka yonke.

Umphumela we-PE empilweni yomuntu nasempilweni

Ukunqwabelana komphumela wokugcina ukushisa kuthinta kabi impilo yabantu. Manje ehlobo kwezinye izindawo, akujwayelekile ukuthi kube namacala okushaqeka okushisa, okungaholela ekufeni. Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme liholela ekunciphiseni komthamo wokusebenza kwabantu futhi kuthinte inhlala-kahle jikelele.

Ukuqongelelwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa endaweni ephansi kuholela ekwandeni kwezifo zezifo zesikhumba, ukwakheka kwama-tumor ayingozi kanye ne-pathologies yohlelo lokuphefumula. Kukholelwa ukuthi ukushisa okungajwayelekile kubangele ukwanda kwenani lamacala okuthuthuka kwezifo zohlelo lwethambo nenhliziyo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umphumela wethonya lokushisa emhlabeni ubonakala emsebenzini wezinto eziphilayo ezincane. Ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa lezidumbu zamanzi kuvame ukudala ukuqubuka kwezifo zezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Ubusika obunobumnene buholela eqinisweni lokuthi izinambuzane eziningi, kufaka phakathi imikhaza, yandisa kakhulu indawo yabo yokuhlala. Ukulunywa kwabo kuya ngokuya kwenza ukuthi abantu bahlakulele i-borreliosis ne-tick -ne borne encephalitis. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amacala okudla ubuthi kwabantu ngenxa yokulunywa yizicabucabu ezithile ezinobuthi kanye nezinyoka, okwakwazi nokwandisa uhla lwazo ngenxa yokushisa kobusika obandayo, zaba zivama kakhulu.

Izikhukhula kanye nesomiso esihlala isikhathi eside kwezinye izindawo sekuvele kubangele ukufuduka kwabantu, kepha basabuthakathaka. Esikhathini esizayo, ngenxa yokuthi ezinye izindawo ngeke zikulungele ukuziphilisa, ukufuduka kweziningi kungenzeka.

Ungayinciphisa kanjani i-PE?

Izinkinga ezinje zomhlaba wonke zesintu njengomphumela wokugcina ukushisa kanye nokwanda kokushisa komkhathi azinakuxazululwa ngamandla ezwe elilodwa. Ukutholwa yizo zonke izifundazwe zezinyathelo okuhloswe ngazo ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ngamabhizinisi angavimba ukwanda kwalomphumela omubi.

Izinyathelo kufanele futhi kuhloswe ngazo ukunciphisa ukungcola okukhona. Ukuba khona kwamahlathi amakhulu kuwo wonke amazwe kunganciphisa ubungozi bezinhlekelele. Izenzo zawo wonke amazwe kufanele zihlose ekwaziseni nasekusetshenzisweni kwemithombo yamandla evuselelekayo.

Izenzo Ezingasindisa Umhlaba

Abanye ososayensi, befunda izindlela zokuxazulula le nkinga yemvelo, baveza isidingo sokucabanga kabusha nokwamukelwa kwazo zonke izinhlaka zokuphila. Bonke abantu kufanele bafake isandla ekuxazululeni le nkinga. Ukugcina ugesi namanzi kufaka isandla ekwehlekeni kwezinga lokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yemvelo, amandla omlilo lawo elikhipha inani elikhulu le-carbon dioxide.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukukhuthaza ukuhamba ngebhayisikile. Lokhu kuzonciphisa ukuphuma kakhulu emadolobheni. Ukuthuthukiswa kwemithombo ethize yamafutha angangena esikhundleni sikaphethiloli nakho kuyaqhubeka.

Ukulondolozwa Kwehlathi

Umzabalazo wokulondolozwa kwamahlathi ubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba ngesikhathi se-photosynthesis, izitshalo zimunca isikhutha. Izindawo zamahlathi ezagawulwa ukuze kudalwe izinto ezidingekayo kumuntu kumele zakhiwe kabusha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukutshala iziza ezungeze izindawo zokuhlala ezinenqwaba yezihlahla nezihlahlana kungazuza imvelo. Isidingo sokunciphisa ukulimala kwamagesi abamba ukushisa ukuvikela ekuqothulweni kwamahlathi omanzi endaweni e-equatorial naseSiberia.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezimoto zikagesi

Lapho ubheka izindlela zokuvimbela ukwanda kokuphuma komoya komoya ophefumulayo, okokuqala, kufanele unake amathuba ezithuthi zikagesi ezikhona njengamanje. Lezi zimoto azikhiphi amagesi abamba ukushisa futhi zingasebenzisa imithombo yamandla evuselelekayo. Izinhlobo eziningi zezimoto zikagesi sezivele sezikhululiwe, ezingabeka kancane kancane izimoto ezisebenzisa uphethroli.

Enye indlela esikhundleni samafutha we-hydrocarbon

Amazwe amaningi athuthukisa izinto nemithombo yamandla engaba enye indlela ephephile kumandla we-carbohydrate.

Yize iqiniso lokuthi ezinye izifundo sezivele zitholakala, azikakwazi ukuwubuyisela ngokuphelele uphethiloli we-hydrocarbon, ngakho-ke kumele kwenziwe imizamo yokunciphisa ukulimala komusi oyingozi.

Umphumela wethonya lokushisa okushisa kwesimo sezulu

Uma sibheka imiphumela yomphumela wokugcina ukushisa, singabona ukuthi eyokuqala ukushintshwa kwesimo sezulu. Lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya likhuphuka njalo ngonyaka, amanzi olwandle nolwandlekazi aqala ukuguquguquka ngokwengeziwe. Abanye ososayensi babikezela ukuthi eminyakeni engama-200, into enjengokuthi "ukoma" kwezilwandle izobonakala, okungukuthi ukwehla okukhulu kwezinga lamanzi. Lolu olunye uhlangothi lwenkinga.Okunye ukuthi ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa kuholela ekuncibilikeni kwamaqhwa, okufaka isandla ekwenyukeni kwezinga lamanzi oLwandle Lomhlaba, futhi kuholele ezikhukhuleni zemingcele yezwekazi kanye neziqhingi. Ukwanda kwesibalo sezikhukhula kanye nezikhukhula zezindawo ezisogwini kubonisa ukuthi izinga lamanzi olwandle liyanda minyaka yonke.

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Ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa komoya kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi izindawo ezingathuthukiswanga ngokuphefumula ziba ngumhlabathi owomile futhi ongafanele impilo. Lapha, izilimo ziyafa, okuholela enkingeni yokudla kubantu bendawo. Futhi, izilwane azondliwa, ngoba izitshalo ziyafa ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamanzi.

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Abantu abaningi sebejwayele isimo sezulu kanye nesimo sezulu kuzo zonke izimpilo zabo. Njengoba izinga lokushisa lomoya likhuphuka ngenxa yemiphumela yokushisa komhlaba, ukufudumala komhlaba kuyaqala. Abantu abakwazi ukubekezelela amazinga okushisa aphezulu. Isibonelo, uma ngaphambili izinga lokushisa lasehlobo laphakathi kwakungu + 22- + 27, khona-ke ukwanda kokufika ku-35- + 38 kuholela ekushayweni yilanga nokushiswa yilanga, ukuphuma komzimba nezinkinga ngohlelo lwethambo, kunengozi enkulu yokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi. Ochwepheshe ngokushisa okungajwayelekile banikeza abantu izincomo ezilandelayo:

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• - yehlisa inani lokuhamba komgwaqo,
• - yehlisa ukusebenza komzimba,
• - Gwema ukukhanya kwelanga ngqo,
• - khuphula ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ahlanzekile angahlanzwa abe amalitha ayi-2-3 ngosuku,
• - vala ikhanda lakho elangeni kusuka ngesigqoko,
• - Uma kungenzeka, chitha isikhathi sasemini egumbini elipholile.

Ungawunciphisa kanjani umphumela wokugcina ukushisa

Ukwazi ukuthi amagesi abamba ukushisa aqhamuka kanjani, kuyadingeka ukuqeda imithombo yokuvela kwawo ukuze kumiswe ukufudumala komhlaba kanye neminye imiphumela emibi yomphumela wokugcina ukushisa. Ngisho nomuntu oyedwa angashintsha okuthile, futhi uma izihlobo, abangane, abajwayelene naye bejoyina, bazobeka isibonelo kwabanye abantu. Lesi yisibalo esikhudlwana kakhulu sezakhamizi eziqondayo zeplanethi ezizohamba ngezenzo zazo ukuze zilondoloze imvelo.

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Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukumisa ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukutshala izihlahla ezintsha nezihlahlana, njengoba zimunca isikhutha futhi zikhiqize umoya-mpilo. Kusetshenziswa izimoto zikagesi, inani lamagesi aqeda ukwehlisa lizokwehliswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungashintsha kusuka ezimotweni uye ngamabhayisekili, alula kakhulu, ashibhile futhi aphephile emvelweni. Kukhiqizwa namanye amandla okongenela, okuthi, ngeshwa, kungeniswa kancane kancane ezimpilweni zethu zansuku zonke.

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Ividiyo ekhangayo mayelana nomphumela wokugcina ukushisa

Isixazululo esibaluleke kakhulu senkinga yemiphumela yokushisa abamba ukushisa sidonsela ukunaka emhlabeni wonke, siphinde senze konke okusemandleni ethu ukunciphisa inani lokuqongelwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa. Uma utshala izihlahla eziningana, uzobe ususiza kakhulu umhlaba wethu.

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Umphumela wethonya lokushisa okushisa empilweni yabantu

Imiphumela yemphumela yokushisa okuluhlaza ibonakala ikakhulu esimweni sezulu nasendaweni ezungezile, kepha umthelela wayo empilweni yabantu awunangozi kangako. Kufana nebhomu lesikhathi: ngemuva kweminyaka eminingi singabona imiphumela, kepha akukho esingakushintsha.

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Ososayensi babikezela ukuthi abantu abanezimo zezimali eziphansi nezingazinzile banokutholakala kalula yizifo. Uma abantu bedla ngokungafanele futhi belahlekelwa ukudla okuthile ngenxa yokuntuleka kwemali, lokhu kuzoholela ekungondondweni kahle, indlala kanye nokukhula kwezifo (hhayi uhlelo lwamathumbu kuphela). Njengoba kwenzeka ukushisa okungajwayelekile ehlobo ngenxa yomphumela wokugcina ukushisa, inani labantu abanezifo zohlelo lwethambo liyenyuka minyaka yonke. Ngakho-ke kubantu ukucindezela kukhuphuka noma ukuwa, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo nokuhlaselwa isithuthwane, kuqubuka imishanguzo yokushisa nokushisa.

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Ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa komoya kuholela ekuthuthukisweni kwezifo nezifo ezilandelayo:

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• Umkhuhlane we-Ebola
• babesiosis
• ikholera
• umkhuhlane wezinyoni
• isifo
• isifo sofuba
• izimuncagazi zangaphandle nezangaphakathi
• ukugula ukugula
• umkhuhlane ophuzi.

Lezi zifo zisakazeka ngokushesha ngokwezindawo, ngoba izinga lokushisa eliphakeme lomkhathi linomthelela ekunyakazeni kwezifo ezahlukahlukene nezifo zezifo. Lezi yizilwane ezahlukahlukene kanye nezinambuzane, ezifana nezimpukane zeTsetse, izibungu zesifo sokuqina kwemiphunga, omiyane, izinyoni, amagundane, njll. Ukusuka ekuthambekeni okushisa ngokufudumele, lezi zithwali ziya enyakatho, ngakho-ke abantu abahlala lapho bavezwa yizifo ngoba abanakuzivikela kuzo.

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Ngakho-ke, umphumela wokushisa ngokushisa ubangela ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke, futhi lokhu kuholela ezifweni eziningi zezifo kanye nezifo ezithathelanayo. Ngenxa yalubhadane lwezifo, izinkulungwane zabantu ziyafa emazweni ehlukene omhlaba. Ukulwa nenkinga yokushisa komhlaba kanye nomphumela wokushisa komhlaba, singathuthukisa imvelo futhi, ngenxa yalokho, isimo sempilo yabantu.

Izizathu zokuqinisa umphumela wokugcina ukushisa

Isizathu somphumela wokugcina ukushisa komhlaba ukuqongelela kwamagesi abamba ukushisa emkhathini ngenxa yezici ze-anthropogenic. Izici ezibalulekile yilezi:

1. Ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi nokwanda kwezitshalo okujikelezayo.
2. Ukushisa uwoyela ngesimo kaphethiloli neparafini.
3. Ukusetshenziswa kwamalahle negesi ukwenza okwenziwa ngensimbi namandla.

Cishe noma imuphi umsebenzi womuntu uhambisana nokukhishwa emoyeni. Iningi lazo liholela ekwenyukeni komphumela wokugcina ukushisa.

Yini ethuthukisa umphumela wokugcina ukushisa

Ngokungeziwe emisebenzini yabantu, izimbangela zemvelo zingaba nomthelela kumphumela wokugcina ukushisa. Isibonelo, ukuqhuma okukhulu kwentaba-mlilo noma ukushiswa okukhulu kwamahlathi. Ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa kumhlaba ngenxa yokuncipha kwengqimba ye-ozone kuholela ekunyukeni kokuphuma komswakama, nakho okwandisa isimo. Ubudlelwano phakathi komphumela wokugcina ukushisa ungqimba buye kwafakazelwa isikhathi eside. Ukwanda kokuqoqwa komoya wamandla esibhakabhakeni kuyisici esibalulekile ekwandeni kwenkinga.

Amagesi abamba ukushisa.

Amagesi abamba ukushisa afaka umphunga wamanzi, i-methane, isikhutha, i-ozone, i-nitrogen oxides kanye ne-freons.

Kumamodeli ezemvelo, amandla amakhulu enkambiso yikhabhoni dioksijini. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yocwaningo lwakamuva, lo mbono wabekwa phambili ukutadisha umphumela oyinkimbinkimbi wamagesi. I-Carbon dioxide ithinta ukusebenza kwegreenhouse kancane futhi ngokungenakugwemeka, kepha wonke amanye amagesi ayakwazi ukuthinta umkhathi njengamanje, ngaphezu kwalokho, angafundwa kangako. Umphakathi wesayensi isikhathi eside awuzange unake i-methane noma i-freons, ngenxa yokuthi iyiphi i-countermeasure engazange yathuthukiswa.

Umphunga wamanzi

Umhwamuko wamanzi ngophethiloli obukhulu kunabo bonke abasemkhathini, ososayensi bathi amaphesenti angama-72 omphumela wokugcina ukushisa kungenxa yomusi wamanzi.

Kulokhu, akuwona umusi uqobo okushiwo lokho, kodwa impendulo enhle phakathi kwawo nekhabhoni dioksijini. Iqiniso ngukuthi umphumela wekhabhoni dayoksi uphinda kabili, ngenxa yalokho, izinga lokushisa liyakhuphuka, ukuhwamuka kwamanzi kuyanda. Lokhu kuholela ekwakhekeni kwamafu amaningi futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukubambezeleka kokungena kokukhanya kwelanga emhlabeni. Ngasikhathi sinye, umphunga wamanzi unomphumela omuhle kakhulu, odlala indima ye-stabilizer yokushisa.

Edolobheni lase-Insalah, elisezweni lase-Algeria, umehluko wokushisa ehlobo ungama-55 degrees. Umphumela ubangelwa umthamo omncane wamanzi phezu kwedolobha.

Ngakho-ke, umphunga wamanzi ngokwawo awusiyo ingozi, noma udlula umphumela wokushisa okuphezulu we-CO₂. Lapho ulinganisa ukugeleza kwemisebe, ingxenyana ye-vapor ingama-75 W / m 2, kuyilapho ikhabhoni dioksijini ingu-32 W / m 2. Kepha umusi ukhulisa ukuzwela komkhathi kube yi-carbon dioxide, futhi ngenxa yalokho emsebenzini we-anthropogenic.

I-Carbon dioxide

I-Carbon dioxide ezindaweni ezihlukene zasemkhathini yakha kusuka kumaphesenti ayisishiyagalolunye kuya kwayi-26 inani lamagesi abamba ukushisa. Lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu kuwo wonke amagesi abamba ukushisa. I-SB uqobo₂ akusiyo ingozi kangako, kepha nguyena ophambili osheshisa inhlekelele.

Ngobukhulu obukhulu, igesi ingena emkhathini ngenxa yemisebenzi yabantu. Ngokushintshaniswa kwekhabhoni, igesi iboshwa izitshalo, ezidliwa yizo izilwane, isici sikhuphuka entanjeni yokudla kuze kube yilapho kufa isilwane esiphezulu noma umuntu, awele emhlabathini kanye nenani lekhabhoni eqoqwe isikhathi sokuphila. Emhlabeni ngenxa yezinqubo zakudala zeminyaka, ikhabhoni evela emathanjeni iphenduka ukwakheka okusha ngokuphelele: i-oyili nophalafini.

Njengamanje, yonke imithombo emikhulu yemvelo inhlabathi ebuthene ngaphezulu kwezigidi zeminyaka isetshenziswa emkhathini ngaphezulu kwamashumi eminyaka. Lokhu kwephula ibhalansi esele ikhona: i-carbon vele ayinaso isikhathi sokubuyela kumjikelezo wokushintshiselana futhi inqwabelana emoyeni.

Kunombono ongelona iqiniso wokuthi ukufudumala kuyinqubo yemvelo eklanyelwe ukubopha ikhabhoni. Amanzi ayakwazi ukuqeda i-carbon dioxide, okuzobe kunikela ngesimo se-limestone. Futhi inani lamanzi lenyuka ngokushisa kwesimo sezulu, ngenxa yokuncibilika kwamaqhwa neziqhwa zeqhwa. Kepha ukucwilisa kwe-permafrost, equkethe izinto eziningi eziphilayo - amaqabunga amadala, izimpande zezitshalo ezakhula lapho eminyakeni eyi-1000 edlule, azinakwa. Ngokushisa komhlaba, i-permafrost iqala ukuncibilika, nokuqukethwe kwayo kubolile, kudedele isikhutha.

UMethane

Sekuyisikhathi eside uMethane engabukelwa phansi njengomphumela womphumela wokusebenza komoya abamba ukushisa. Igesi ithambekele ukubola ibe yizakhi zasemkhathini eminyakeni eyi-10, ethathwa njengesikhathi esincane somkhathi. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, umthelela wazo kumphumela wokushisa komoya uphindwe kayishumi kunekhabhoni dayoksi. Futhi ngenkathi indlela ukwakhiwa kwe-methane emkhathini ingakacaci.

Ngokwesiko likholelwa ukuthi i-methane idedelwa ngenxa yezinqubo zokuvutshelwa esiswini sezilwane. Kepha-ke akucaci ukuthi kungani kusuka ngonyaka we-1995 kuya kowezi-2006 okuqukethwe kwe-methane esemkhathini kwagcinwa kwelinye izinga, futhi kusukela ngonyaka we-2006 kuze kube namuhla bekukhula ngokuqinile unyaka nonyaka ngenani elifanayo lamasheya? Kungemva kokuba kuphela ucwaningo lososayensi uDrew Schindel eqale ukuxoxa ngamamodeli amasha ezemvelo, kucatshangelwa ukubuyekezwa kabusha kwethonya le-methane emkhathini.

Igesi ngokwayo ingamaphesenti amane kuya kwayi-9. UMethane ukhishwa ngenxa yezinqubo zokuvutshelwa esiswini sezilwane. Ikakhulu izinkomo. Ngakho-ke, inqubo yokukhula kwesibalo somhlaba, okubangela ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kokudla, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukukhula kwezilwane okuphakelayo kuthinta ngokungathí sina ukuthuthukiswa komphumela wokushisa komhlaba. Ngokubambisana nezinkomo, izindawo zokungcwaba nazo ziyakhula ezikhiqiza i-methane, futhi ukuvuza kwegesi kuhlelo lokuthuthuka kwensimu nakho kuyasiza.

Ngaphandle komkhuba wesikole, wonke umuntu ubheka i-ozone ukuthi ilusizo. Kepha igesi ngalinye liyasiza endaweni yalo. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-ozone: eziqukethwe ungqimba lwe-ozone ne-tropospheric ozone. Eyangaphambili ivikela umhlaba emisebeni ye-ultraviolet, kanti eyokugcina ivimbela izitshalo, zenza amandla abo e-photosynthesis. Ngenxa yalokho, inani le-carbon dioxide emkhathini liyakhuphuka. Ithonya legesi lilinganiselwa kumaphesenti angama-25 emiphumela ye-CO₂, kepha ngasikhathi sinye, i-ozone iyawuphindaphinda kabili umphumela wekhabhoni diokosi uqobo. Ososayensi abaningi baphawula ukuthi yingoba kungukuchuma kokuqina kwe-ozone esikhathini esidlule ukuthi umhlaba ulahlekelwe amandla ayo okubamba isikhutha. I-Tropospheric ozone yakhiwa ngenxa yokusabela kwamakhemikhali kwe-nitrogen oxides, i-carbon monoxide nezinto ezihlanganayo. Ama-catalysts yi-oksijeni nokukhanya kwelanga.

Ngokwenzekayo, inhlanganisela yalezi zinto iye yenzeka ngenxa yokuthuthuka kokuthuthwa kanye nokukhishwa kwemikhiqizo yokuhlanganiswa kwamalahle emkhathini. Ukusatshalaliswa kukagesi emhlabeni wonke kuhlukile kakhulu, ngenxa yezimo zokwenziwa. Iningi linqwabelana emazweni ashisayo kanye nesimo sezulu esishisayo. Ukwanda kwe-ozone akubucayi, kepha ukwehla kwe-ozone kuzokwenza ukuthi ikhiphe ingxenye ethile yemiphumela ye-carbon dioxide.

Ngokusho kwezifundo, uma wehlisa izinga le-ozone lalijwayelekile, ungabususa imiphumela yekhabhoni dayidi eminyakeni engama-20 ezayo.

Ama-nitrogen oxides

INitric oxide inggesi wesihlanu obaluleke kakhulu obamba ukushisa. Kusebenza izikhathi eziphindwe ngama-298 kune-carbon dioxide; umnikelo wayo ekushiseni komhlaba ulinganiselwa kumaphesenti ama-6 wokuvezwa komoya okuluhlaza okugcwele. AmaNitrogen oxides akhiwa ngenxa yokukhiqizwa kukamanyolo adingekayo ukwandisa ukuzala kwenhlabathi.

Ubuntu abukwazi ukuyeka lolu hlobo lomanyolo, kepha baphazamisa umjikelezo we-nitrogen emvelweni. Izitshalo kuphela ezingabopha i-nitrogen emkhathini ziyizimbali kanye no-soya. Kuphela kuphela abakwazi ukufaka i-nitrogen esemkhathini ezimpandeni zabo ukuze kuqhutshekwe kusetshenzwe. Ngeshwa, ukutshala lezi zivuno kungaphansi kakhulu kokusebenzisa i-nitrogen kumanyolo. Kungaphezu kwaleli gesi isintu esikweleta imvula ye-acid.

Ama-Freons

Ama-Freons yiqembu lamagesi anephoyinti eliphansi lokubilisa. Zisetshenziselwa imishini yokuqandeka. Noma yiluphi uhlelo oluhlukanisayo, esiqandisini noma efrijini alunakwenzeka ngaphandle kwe-freon. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, okuqukethwe kwezinto ezitshalweni kwehlile, kepha akuphelanga ngokuphelele.

Kutholakaliswe ukuthambekela okuhlukile: ngokwanda kwezinga lokushisa njengomphumela womshini wokugcina ukushisa, ubuntu bomuntu buye budinga i-freon, njengesakhi esiyinhloko samayunithi esiqandisini. Ngaphandle kwezinhlelo zokuhlukanisa, alikho ihhovisi elilodwa, isibhedlela noma isikhungo sokuthenga esizosebenza.

Ama-Freon anomphumela wezikhathi eziyi-1300-8500 ezikhudlwana kune-carbon dioxide. Inani legesi lilinganiswa ngamakhulu ngamaphesenti. Uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amagesi, inani lama-freons lincane kakhulu kangangokuba umphumela walo kunzima ukulihlola.

Umthelela Wesimo Sezulu

Ukwanda kokushisa kubangela ukuthi i-permafrost inyibilike. Isithwathwa neqhwa, osekuphele iminyaka eminingi liqongelela izigxobo, manje sesisesimweni sokuphinda silingane. Lokhu kuzoholela ekwandeni kwamazinga amanzi olwandle. Amadolobha aqamba amanga anjengeRoma noma iSt. Umuntu kuzodingeka ukuthi alwe njalo namanzi akhuphukayo; ukuqala kwabantu abasha kuzoqala. Umhlaba ovundile kunawo wonke eYurophu - iNetherlands izogcwala izikhukhula, abantu abaningi bazosala bengenamakhaya nokudla. Ososayensi babikezela ukwanda kwezinga lolwandle ngesigamu semitha njalo ngeminyaka eyikhulu.

Izinguquko ezibucayi zizoqala ngemuva kwamamitha ayi-5. Kubukeka sengathi izinguquko ngeke zenzeke maduze, kodwa yini iminyaka engamakhulu ambalwa yokuphiliswa komhlaba noMhlaba? Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiphumela emibi iyakhiwa manje. Inani lamanzi amasha liyancipha, okuphoqa ubuntu ukuthi bandise inani lezitshalo zokususa ukunisela izilimo. Lokhu kwandisa ukusetshenziswa kukagesi, okusho ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okwandisiwe kwamalahle kanye nomphumela wokugcina ukushisa komhlaba uqala ukukhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Izicucu zeqhwa zingamasela emvelo. Amagciwane asungulwe yibo yizilwane zasendulo izigidigidi zeminyaka ezedlule efriziwe kuwo. Kwenzekani ngenxa yokuncibilika kunzima ukubikezela. Akekho ongacabanga ukuthi umuthi wanamuhla ulungele kanjani le nselelo.

Umthelela kubantu

Ukuze ube ntofontofo, umuntu udinga izinga lokushisa esifundeni esingama-20-25 degrees. Ukushintshashintsha kwehlobo, okufika kuma-50-52 degrees elangeni, kungathinta kabi impilo. Ngenxa yamazinga okushisa aphakeme, umuntu uba nokushaya kwenhliziyo okushesha, umfutho wegazi ophakeme nokuphelelwa ngamandla komzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kwama-25 degrees, ukusebenza kuncipha ngezikhathi ezi-2, ukuhlangana kokunyakaza kuya kwehla, usawoti osebenzayo nezinto zokulandela umkhondo kulahleka ngokushesha.

Ukunciphisa umphumela wegreenhouse

Ukwehla kwezinqubo zokugcina ukushisa kungenzeka ngezindlela eziningi. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokutshala - okwandisa inani lezihlahla kunciphisa CO₂ emkhathini, kubambezeleka ukudonswa kwenhlabathi futhi kuqongelele umusi wamanzi emoyeni. Ukutshala kubandakanya ingadi yasogwadule.Le nqubo ebiza kakhulu yehlisa inani le-ozone emoyeni, ngenkathi kunciphisa imiphumela yokushisa komoya.

Ukuze ubuyisele i-nitrogen metabolism, kuyadingeka ukuthi kwandise ukutshala ama-legumes kaningana. Lokhu kuzovumela ukubopha i-nitrogen esemkhathini ezimpandeni zezitshalo, ngenkathi kunciphisa ingxenye yamanyolo e-nitrogen.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukuqinisa izindlela zokulwa nemililo yamahlathi kanye ne-steppe. Ukukhuphuka kwe-CO okukhulu kuvela ngenxa yalezi zinqubo.₂ kanye nokuthambisa emoyeni.

Ukuthuthukiswa kabusha. Isibonelo kuwo wonke umhlaba yiSwitzerland, lapho ukuphinda kusetshenziselwe ukwenziwa kabusha kwemfucuza kuphakanyiselwe ngokuphelele. Ukuphinda kusetshenziswe kabusha kuleli kuthuthukisiwe futhi kuncishisiwe kangangokuba izwe liphoqelekile ukuthenga udoti eNorway engomakhelwane. Lokhu kunikezani mayelana nomphumela wokugcina ukushisa? Akunasidingo sokushisa amalahle ukukhiqiza amandla okukhiqiza izimpahla ezintsha. Ngakho-ke, inani le-CO liyancipha₂ emkhathini.

Sebenza ekukhiqizweni kwamandla nasekusetshenzisweni kwamandla. Izitshalo zamandla ezinobungani bemvelo kakhulu izitshalo zamandla kagesi. Uma zinganele, ungasebenzisa i-nuclear, kepha iqiniso ukuthi amandla amaningi omhlaba asuselwa emalahle. Ukubuyiselwa kwamandla akuyona eyishumi. Kepha lokhu kuzovumela amahlandla ambalwa ukuthi kunciphise ukuphuma kwe-carbon dioxide emkhathini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukukhuphula ukusebenza kwezitshalo ezikhona, ukuthuthukisa imvelo kagesi, imithombo engapheli yamandla kagesi: sebenzisa amaphaneli elanga nabaqoqi, ama-windmill namapompo okushisa. Alikho ithuba lokonga okufanele liphuthelwe.

Uma kungakhoneka, faka noma yimuphi omunye uphethiloli ngegesi yemvelo. Njengomphumela wamalangabi omlilo, kukhululwa imikhiqizo yokuhlanganiswa, okubandakanya isikhutha. Kepha inani lokukhipha igesi liphindwe kaningana kunokukhishwa ngamalahle omlilo. Igesi ayikhiphi i-soot, ayidingi amandla okushisa, njengamafutha kaphethiloli, futhi ayidingi mishini ekhethekile yokushiswa. Ngokubambisana nokushisa okufudumele kwezindlu, lokhu kuzonciphisa ukusetshenziswa kokushisa ngamaphesenti angama-30.

Isiphetho

Umphumela wokugcina ukushisa akuyona into embi. Omunye umbuzo ukuthi imisebenzi yabantu iletha umphumela wokugcina ukushisa ezingeni elihluke ngokuphelele. Uma ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukuphatha ngokungakhathali inhlabathi nokuvutha njalo kwamalahle namafutha kungenakuvinjwa, khona-ke ngekhulu leminyaka inqubo ngeke iphindeke.

Umzimba awenzelwe nje imithwalo yokushisa ephezulu kangako. Kakade namuhla kunezindawo emhlabeni lapho amazinga okushisa ehlobo edlula ama-degree angama-50. Ezimweni ezinjalo akunakwenzeka ukuba uphile futhi usebenze ngokomzimba.

Le nqubo iba:

• Ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa kuholela ekunyukeni kwenani lokuhwamuka, okusho ukuthi inani lemphunga lamanzi emkhathini liyanda.
• Ukwehla kwamanzi amasha kubangela isidingo esengeziwe sezitshalo ezilahlayo kanye nogesi, ngoba okukhishwa lapho kuthiwe ngamaphesenti angama-80 amalahle omhlaba.
• Isilinganiso sabantu beplanethi siyakhula, futhi isisusa esiyinhloko somphumela wokugcina ukushisa yi-carbon dioxide, okuwumkhiqizo wokuphefumula.

Kukholelwa ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa komphumela wokugcina ukushisa akuhlangene nobuntu. Izinga lokushisa elisemhlabeni lishintshile ngaphambili, lifinyelela amazinga okushisa aphezulu. Umsebenzi wesintu ukwenza konke ukuze umphumela wokugcina ukushisa ungaziphindi emlandweni woMhlaba, noma ngabe lokhu kungenzeki - umkhathi woMhlaba uzoba ohlanzekile kuphela ekulweni namagesi abamba ukushisa.

Umphumela wegreenhouse

Imiphumela, kanye nezimbangela zomphumela wokugcina ukushisa, kuhluke kakhulu. Umthelela wayo esimweni sezulu uqinile. Ukuyichaza ngamagama alula, ukuphuma kwegesi komoya ongashisi kungaholela ezinguquko eziningi ezibalulekile:

1. Yehlisa noma inyuse imvula. Kwezinye izindawo zezulu, izimvula zizoba ezingandile, kanti ezinye, ngokuhlukile, zizohlaselwa izivunguvungu ezingapheli kanye nezikhukhula.
2. Ukunyuka kwezinga lolwandle. Lokhu kuzoba ngenye yemiphumela ebaluleke kakhulu yomphumela wokugcina ukushisa. Njengomphumela weqhwa elincibilikayo lase-Antarctica naseGreenland, izindawo ezibalulekile zizogcwala izikhukhula, ezizobhubhisa zonke izindawo ezisogwini. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yabantu ihlala kubo, ezoba ngaphandle kwezindlu kanye nokuziphilisa.
3. Ukufa kwemvelo yonke. Ngamafuphi nje, umphumela wokushisa okuphezulu uzodala ushintsho olukhulu lwesimo sezulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ngeke zikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo eziguquka ngokushesha futhi zizomane zife. Ukunyamalala kwabo kusuka kwibhokisi lokudla kuzoholela ekuqubukeni kwe- "domino effect."

Futhi, ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kuzothinta impilo yabantu. Ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu okungajwayelekile, inani lezinhliziyo, amaphaphu, nezifo zokuphefumula lizokhula kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, akukho inzuzo evela kumphumela wokugcina ukushisa, kepha ukulimala kubaluleke kakhulu.

Imephu ye-GHG

Ukuqonda kangcono ubukhulu kanye nomphumela womphumela wokushisa abamba ukushisa, i-Google yathuthukisa imephu yokuphuma komoya komoya ongesi ngo-2012, okukhombisa ukuthi lapho bebaningi khona emhlabeni. Isebenzisa ukufaka amakhodi anemibala, kubonisa izinga lokuphuma kuwo wonke amazwe athuthukile. Ukudalwa kwemephu bekuhlelwe kuze kube sekupheleni I-Kyoto Protocol.

Umthombo nonjiniyela wesevisi: Google.com. Imibandela yokusebenzisa.

Inkomba: Iyini i-Kyoto Protocol futhi iyini ingqikithi yayo? Kafushane nje, lesi yisivumelwano samazwe omhlaba esaphethwa ukuze sinciphise ukuphuma kwegesi eshisa ngokushisa emkhathini weplanethi ukuze kuvikeleke noma kunciphise umphumela wokushisa komhlaba. I-Kyoto Protocol ingumbhalo ongeziwe ku-1992 United Nations Uhlaka Lwesakhiwo Sokushintsha Kwesimo Sezulu (i-UNFCCC). Kungani kuyiKyoto? Lesi sivumelwano samukelwa edolobheni laseJapan iKyoto ngoDisemba 11, 1997 futhi saqala ukusebenza ngoFebhuwari 16, 2005. Injongo eyinhloko yesivumelwano phakathi kwamazwe: ukuzinza ukugcwala kwamagesi abamba ukushisa emkhathini ezingeni elingeke livumele umthelela oyingozi wethropogenic ohlelweni lwezulu lomhlaba. Manje kunabangu-192 ababambe iqhaza kwiKyoto Protocol (izifundazwe eziyi-191 kanye ne-European Union). Ngasikhathi sinye, iMelika isayine, kepha ayizange ivume, iProtocol, iCanada yahoxa ngokusemthethweni kwi-Kyoto Protocol ngoDisemba 16, 2012.

Izinyathelo zokuvimbela nokunciphisa umphumela wokugcina ukushisa

Izinguquko zesimo sezulu eMhlabeni zivele zenzekile izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa. Ngamafuphi, imiphumela yabo yaba yinhlekelele. Isibonelo unyaka wobudala owaziwa ngeqhwa. Umphumela wayo ezintweni eziphilayo wawubaluleke kakhulu. Ezinye izinhlobo zimane nje zafa, futhi azizange zijwayele ukupholisa okubukhali. Izinsalela zeqhwa kusuka ngalezo zikhathi zisagcinwa e-Antarctica naseGreenland.

Yini okudingeka yenziwe ukunciphisa umphumela wokugcina ukushisa nokuvimbela izinhlekelele ezilandelayo? Ungabhekana kanjani ngempumelelo nenkinga yomhlaba? Okwamanje, zonke izinto ezinomthelela ekuqongeleleni kwamagesi emkhathini sezivele sezikhonjwa. Ngokusho kochwepheshe abatadisha izisekelo ezibonakalayo zomphumela wokugcina ukushisa, kunezindlela eziningana zokuxazulula le nkinga:

1. Yehlisa ukuphuma kwezinto ezinobungozi okuvela emisebenzini yezimboni.
2. Ngenisa ngentshiseko ubuchwepheshe obunemvelo busebenzisa eminye imithombo yamandla. Lokhu kuzosusa noma okungenani kunciphise ukusetshenziswa kwama-hydrocarbons kaphethiloli.
3. Misa ukugawulwa kwamahlathi okusebenzayo.
4. Ukuncishiswa kokuphuma komoya obamba ukushisa nakho kunomthelela ekuqothulweni kokulahlwa komhlaba okwemvelo, ngoba kungumthombo we-methane, freon ne-nitrogen oxides.

Kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuxazulula inkinga yomphumela wokugcina ukushisa. Into esemqoka ukuthi umzabalazo ulindwe ezingeni lomhlaba jikelele. Ukulungisa lesi simo, imizamo yabantu bonke iyadingeka. Ukukhishwa kwegesi - okuyinkinga yomhlaba, kuthinta umhlaba wonke, hhayi amazwe ngamanye.