Iningi labantu liyazi lendlovu njengesilwane esikhulu, esinomusa, kepha esidabukisayo nesidabukisayo. Lezi ziqhwaga zinomusa kakhulu, ziyaphuma futhi zinendaba. Izivakashi zihlala zikhangwa yilezi zikhulu. Banesifiso semibuzo ehlukene: kungani banezindlebe ezinkulu, bangaki izindlovu lapho bekhulelwe futhi ngubani ophethe umhlambi?

Indlela yokuphila

Izindlovu zibhekwa njengezilwane ezinkulu kunazo zonke ezitholakala emhlabeni. Lezi zimidondoshiya zingezesigaba sezilwane ezincelisayo futhi ziyizilwane zomphakathi. Indawo yokuhlala yabo yemvelo yi-Southeast Asia kanye ne-Afrika.

Izindlovu zihlala emindenini, ukubusa okuphelele kubusa emindenini, kuthi abesilisa baxoshwe emhlambini besebancane (noma bezishiya). Amadoda amadala ahlala yedwa futhi asondela emndenini kuphela wokuzalelana nowesifazane ovuthiwe. Umndeni wendlovu unendlovu endala, amadodakazi akhe (anezingane) nezinye izihlobo zabesifazane.

Ngokwemvelo yazo, izindlovu zingamahambi. Ngowesifazane osekhulile ohola umndeni wakhe lapho efuna ukudla, futhi unquma ukuthi ahambe kuphi, isikhathi nesikhathi esingakanani sokuphumula.

Lezi zilwane ezinkulu zinobuntu obukhulu futhi zijabulela ukuxhumana nezinhlobo zazo. Ukuxhumana noTactile kudlala indima enkulu empilweni yama-giants. Bathintana ngesibhakela, beshaya izandla bebingelela, abadala badonsa omncane njengesijeziso. Amalungu omndeni ofanayo aphathana ngokunaka okukhulu, ukunakekelwa okukhethekile nokunakwa kuyaya ogulayo noma ofayo endlovu.

Umbuzo wokuthi izindlovu zikhulelwe isikhathi eside kangakanani kube nempikiswano emphakathini wesayensi. Kepha namhlanje, sibonga ukubonwa, izifundo kanye nemibhalo yabezokwelapha, kuningi okwaziwayo mayelana nesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukuzalwa kwengane nokunakekelwa okwalandela kwabasha kwalezi zitshalo zemvelo zamandla.

Indlovu: Ukukhulelwa

Impela, indlovu uqobo ayizibali izinyanga zokukhulelwa. Kepha izindlovu zihamba phambili ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ukukhulelwa kwendlovu yowesifazane yinde kakhulu.

Umbuzo wokuthi izindlovu zikhulelwe isikhathi esingakanani ungenye yezithandwa kakhulu ngemuva kwemibuzo mayelana nokukhulelwa kowesifazane. Lezi amakhambi azala izinyanga ezingama-20 kuye kwangama-22 (cishe iminyaka emi-2).

Ngenyanga ye-19, ingane isakhiwa cishe futhi isisindo sayo kuphela. Lapho indlovu izwa ukuthi ihora lokuzalwa selisondele, iyasuka emhlambini. Imvamisa, enye indlovu ihamba nowesifazane lapho ebeletha. Ukubeletha kuthatha amahora angaphezu kwama-2.

Phambilini ososayensi babekholelwa ukuthi isikhathi sokukhulelwa kwendlovu sincike ebulilini bendlovu. Kwakukholelwa ukuthi uma kungazalwa indlovu yowesilisa, khona-ke ukukhulelwa bekuyizinyanga eziningana. Ngesikhathi sokucwaninga, lokhu kucabanga kwenqatshiwe. Isikhathi sokutholwa kwendlovu sithonywa isimo sezulu, isimo sezulu, ukudla kanye nezimpawu zesifazane ngamunye.

Ukuvuthwa kwenzeka ngonyaka we-10-12 wokuphila. Esikhathini sokuphila konke, insikazi ingazala izindlovu ezifika kweziyi-9; amawele awavamile kakhulu. Kumele kube yiminyaka emine noma emihlanu ngemuva kokubeletha ukuze indlovu iphinde ikhulelwe.

Mncane

Ngemuva kokwenza izifundo ezahlukahlukene, ososayensi bachaze isikhathi eside kangaka sokukhulelwa kwendlovu. Iqiniso ngukuthi ithole esibelethweni likhula kahle kakhulu kuzo zonke izinkomba: ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Futhi isigamu sehora ngemuva kokuzalwa, ingane ingama ngezinyawo zayo bese ilandela unina.

Inkonyane yendlovu idla ubisi lukamama kuze kube yilapho ineminyaka eyodwa nesigamu ubudala (yize ingakwazi kuze kube unyaka wesihlanu wokuphila). Ukondla ingane, insikazi iba ngaphezu kwendunduma. Indlovu yengane igibela kuleli gquma ifinyelela embeleni. Uma insikazi ingeyizibulo, kungenzeka ukuthi ayazi le ndlela yokondla, ithole lendlovu ngeke ifinyelele embeleni futhi ihlale ilambile. Abesifazane abaningi abanolwazi bazofika begijimile ekukhaleni kwakhe, futhi uma kukhona “ubisi” phakathi kwabo, uzomondla.

Ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, ithole lendlovu alikwazi ukusebenzisa isiqu, ngakho-ke liphuza amanzi futhi lingene lubisi ngomlomo walo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umama ufundisa umntwana ukuba abe ngowakhe isiqu. Ingane iqala ukuthatha ukudla okuqinile kusuka ezinyangeni eziyi-6, kepha isuka eminyakeni emibili kuphela engashintsha ngokuphelele ekudleni okudala. Izindlovu zezingane, njengezingane ezincane, ziyathanda ukudlala, zingcolile futhi zijabulise.

Ukuba ngumama

Izindlovu zezingane zisheshe zifunde ukuhlala emndenini. Ngale ndlela, izintokazi ezisencane ezingakafiki isikhathi sokuthomba (iminyaka emi-2 kuya kweyi-11) zinakekela izingane ezisanda kuzalwa. Kukholakala ukuthi ngale ndlela bazama ngendima kamama.

Inkonyane yendlovu efinyelela eminyakeni emi-4 idinga umama kakhulu, iyayibheka, iholele. Ukuxhumana okumnandi phakathi kwabo kuhlala kukhona: ushaya isiqu sakhe, acindezele kancane ngonyawo, athinte umsila wakhe, ingane ihlikihle emlenzeni uma ekhathele ukuhamba, nasesiswini sikanina uma elambile.

Izindlovu zikhathazeka kakhulu ngenzalo yazo, futhi uma kukhona okumsabisa, zigoqa izingalo zazo zizithwale.

Amaqiniso Ahehayo

Kwabaningi, iqiniso lokuthi izindlovu zikhulelwe luhlala lizijabulisa ngokwazo futhi livusa ilukuluku. Kodwa imvelo yavuza lezi zilwane ezimangalisayo ngamakhono ahlukahlukene angajwayelekile kanye nezimfanelo, okuvame ukuba yisikhathi sokwanda kwezinganekwane nezinkulumo ezinamaphiko:

• Naphezu kosayizi bazo, izindlovu zingababhukudi abahle kakhulu.
• Banomqondo omuhle wokuzenzela abamele umhlaba wezilwane, bayazibona esibukweni.
• Basebenzisa amathuluzi, ngokwesibonelo, basebenzisa igatsha njenge-swatter fly.
• Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi banenkumbulo enhle kakhulu (benza imisebenzi ocwaningweni, kepha ngokwemvelo bayazazi izihlobo zabo).
• Kukhona inganekwane yokuthi izindlovu zesaba amagundane, ngoba iduku elilodwa elincanyana lingakhasa liqonde esiqwini bese livimba umoya. Akulona iqiniso. Noma igundane lishaya isiqu, indlovu izoyikhipha ngamandla.
• Lezi zilwane zinendlebe nenkumbulo yomculo eyenziwe yathuthukiswa, iyakwazi ukwahlukanisa imiculo yamamaki amathathu.
• Izindlebe zisetshenziselwa ukulawula ukushisa komzimba nokuthandwa.
• Iphethini le-vein ezindlebeni zezindlovu lihlukile njengophawu lomunwe kubantu.
• Abantu abadala balala bemile.
• Bangagxuma ngoba bane-kneecaps ezi-2 kuphela.

Idolobha. Isitezi sama-20. Flat. Indlovu. Bayiletha indlovu encane, kepha lapho wakhulela ngokuphelele. Ungayibuyisela kanjani indlovu emhlabathini?

Ngaphandle kokulimaza indlu, inkinga ngeke ixazululwe. Njengoba ifulethi lisesitezi sama-20, kungenzeka ukuthi kune-kuvulandi. Kuzofanele sinwebe ukudlula kukho futhi sisuse uhlangothi. Hhayi-ke, kunezindlela eziningi ongakhetha kuzo, eziningi zazo ezidinga ukubalwa ngokucophelela kwezibalo.

Isibonelo, unganamathisela amabhola amaningi we-helium endlovu futhi izokwehla kahle kahle. Ungasebenzisa ibhaluni eligcwele, kepha ubhasikidi kufanele ube mkhulu ngokwanele ukuhlalisa indlovu. Ungandiza kwi-hang glider noma i-parachute noma i-parachutists. Ungakha igquma elikhulu bese ukhipha indlovu kulo. Ungabeka i-trampoline phansi phansi bese uphonsa indlovu kuyo, kuzoba ukugxuma okude futhi kube mnandi, kodwa kungekudala inqubo le izoma. Kungenzeka ukwenza i-winch nge-counterweight kusuka esixukwini samaTajik, yize kuzodingeka ukuthi wehlise ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kusuka esitezi samashumi amabili, kepha lokhu kulula.

Futhi ekugcineni, uma indlovu ayisona isilwane esiyintandokazi futhi ingadingeki iphila, ungamane uyilahle kude, kepha emva kwalokho kuzodingeka ukuthi ugeze igceke uqashe izazi zezengqondo ezinhle ezinganeni zasendaweni (hhayi zona kuphela).

Ukuchazwa kafushane kwezindlovu

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, lezi zilwane ziye zathanjiswa ukuze zisebenzise amandla namandla azo, zaba ngabahlanganyeli ezimpini ezinkulu nohambo olude. Intshisekelo yesayensi kulezi zikhulu yavuselelwa amandla okuzibona ngomfanekiso wesibuko, ukuzwa nokukhumbula hhayi kuphela izindawo nemicimbi, kodwa nomculo, nokwenza izinqumo ezihlangene. Ngokungafani nezilwane eziningi, izindlovu azigcini nje kuphela izihlobo, ngisho nangemva kokuhlala isikhathi eside.

Zibonisa imizwa ekhethekile maqondana nabafileyo. Eduzane nezinsalela, zihlala zimile futhi zichitha isikhathi esithile, zivame ukuthinta amathambo emathanjeni ngensimbi yesiqu, njengokungathi zikhomba umzimba. Emhlabeni wezindlovu, kunamaqiniso amaningi athusayo futhi angaqondakali.

Ngobude bamamitha ayi-5 kuya kwayi-8, ukukhula kwalesi silwane kungafinyelela amamitha amathathu nangaphezulu, nesisindo - amathani angama-5 - 7. Izindlovu zase-Afrika zikhulu kunabalingani bazo base-Asia. Umzimba omkhulu uthweswe umqhele ikhanda elingenalutho kangako ngesibambo eside - isitho esakhiwa ekhaleni elihlanganisiwe nomlomo ongenhla.

Kuyathakazelisa! Lesi sitho sinohlelo olunamandla lwezicubu namamisipha, sibonga izilwane eziqeda izihlahla zakudala, zidlulise izingodo kalula ukusuka endaweni ngendawo, kodwa futhi zingabhekana nomsebenzi ocishe ube ubucwebe: phakamisa izinhlamvu zemali, amajikijolo, noma udwebe.

Isiqu sisiza ukuvikela ekuhlaselweni, ukuthola ukudla, ngosizo lwazo izindlovu zixhumana nazo. Kudabula amahlamvu ezihlahleni noma kumise amahlumela amasha, ngosizo lwesiqu ukuthi indlovu ibeka ukudla emlonyeni, idwebe emanzini, ingazinisi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi kuyithululela emlonyeni ukuze idakwe. Izindlebe ezinkulu kakhulu zibhobozwa yimithambo yegazi, lokhu kusiza ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa lomzimba ngesikhathi sokushisa okucasulayo.

Ukungaboni okuhle kakhulu kwezindlovu kunxephezelwa ngokuzwa okuhle: ngoba amakhilomitha ayikhulu ezwa umsindo wokuduma, "ezwa" indlela yemvula. Futhi izindlovu zidinga ukunyakaza okuqhubekayo ngezindlebe zazo hhayi nje kuphela “ukupholisa” umzimba, kodwa futhi nokuxhumana - izindlovu zibingelela izihlobo zazo ngezindlebe, futhi futhi zingaxwayisa ngokuhlaselwa yizitha. Izindlovu ziyakwazi ukushicilela nokuzwa imisebezi, zikhulumisana amabanga amade.

Akukenzeki ukuthi lezi zilwane zibizwe ngokuthi zinemibala emincane: isikhumba sazo sifinyelela ku-3 cm. Isikhumba esiqinile, esigoqiwe simbozwe ngezinwele ezikhexekile, kanti isigaxa esincane kwesinye isikhathi sitholakala esicongweni somsila. Ukuikhumbuza amakholomu amakhulu emilenze ezinyaweni kunephedi ekhethekile yamafutha ngemuva kweminwe ekhomba phansi, okukuvumela ukuthi usabalalise ngokulinganayo isisindo lapho uhamba futhi ugijima. Imvamisa, umhlambi wezindlovu uhamba kancane uyofuna ukudla namanzi ngesivinini esingadluli kuma-6-8 km ngehora, kodwa futhi ziyakwazi ukugijima ngokushesha, zibhukuda ngokuphelele. Izindlovu azikwazi kuphela ukugxuma - lokhu kungenxa yesakhiwo esikhethekile semilenze yazo.

Izici Zokuphindaphindeka

Abesifazane bafika eminyakeni yobudala engu-7, kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi uzoba ngumama kungekudala. Kwesinye isikhathi kuthatha iminyaka eminingi ngaphambi kokuba indlovu isilungele ukuzala: yilabo kuphela abaye bathola isisindo esithile, izilwane eziqinile nezenempilo baba ngabazali.

Imihlambi yabesilisa nabesifazane ihamba yodwa, phakathi kwezindlovu uvame ukuthola abathanda isizungu. Kepha izindlovu zikhetha ukuchitha impilo yazo yonke phakathi “kwabangane”. Kuphela uma indlovu ibonakala emphakathini ilungele ukuba ngumama, owesilisa uvunyelwe ukuba asondele kuye. Ezilini ezinesihluku zokuthola ilungelo lokuba nowesifazane, abesilisa bangakhubazeka, babulale umphikisi. Ngalesi sikhathi, ulaka lwenza izindlovu zibe yingozi kakhulu.

Ukuxhamazela komzimba wendlovu akupheli lapho. Hhayi kuphela isikhathi sokulungela ukukhulelwa, kodwa futhi nobudala bokuthinta, lezi zilwane ziyakwazi ukulawula. Ezimweni ezingezinhle, ukuntuleka kokudla, ukwehla okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa, ukungabikho kwezimo zokukhula okujwayelekile nentuthuko, ukucindezela okuvamisile, ukukhulelwa kokuqala kwendlovu kungenzeka eminyakeni eyi-15 noma ngisho engama-20. Ekudingisweni, lezi zilwane empeleni azizali.

10. Umuntu, amasonto angama-38 - ama-42 (izinsuku ezingama-275)

Mhlawumbe othile uzomangala lapho ebona ukuthi lolu hlu seludlulisiwe. umuntu, mfazi. Akukho lutho olumangazayo lapha; kungokwombuso wezilwane ngenxa yezizathu eziningi.

Izingane ezingabantu zichitha cishe izinyanga eziyi-9 esibelethweni. Ngeviki le-15, kwakhiwa isitho esikhethekile emzimbeni kamama - i-placenta, lapho umbungu ukhona. Ngalo, umoya-mpilo nezakhi zingena emzimbeni wakhe, kanye nemikhiqizo yokulahla udoti.

Ingane izalwe yakhiwe ngokuphelele, kepha ayinakusiza ngokuphelele. Isisindo esijwayelekile sisuka ku-2.8 kuya ku-4 kilos. Kuzothatha isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga ukuthi ingane ifunde ukubamba ikhanda, igoqe, ihlale phansi, ihambe. Sonke lesi sikhathi, ingane idinga umama ozomnakekela.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukukhulelwa kwendlovu?

Kukholelwa ukuthi kunobudlelwano obuqondile phakathi nesikhathi sokuzala umntwana nosayizi wesilwane. Indlovu enkulu yase-Afrika ihlala cishe iminyaka emi-2 isesibelethweni sikanina, yize yakhiwe ngokuphelele futhi isilungele ukuzalwa kuqala izinyanga eziyi-19. Izindlovu zaseNdiya (zase-Asia) zithwala izingane izinyanga ezimbili. Kepha isimo ngasinye sokukhulelwa nokuzalwa sihlukile.

Kuyathakazelisa! Isikhathi sokukhulelwa, hhayi kuphela ubukhulu bomama abakhulelwe nengane yakhe kubalulekile, kodwa futhi nobudala, ukudla, isimo sezulu, indawo lapho umhlambi ukhona.

Ngokuzayo lapho owesifazane ekhulelwa kuphela ngemuva kokululama ngokuphelele komzimba, lokhu kudinga okungenani iminyaka emi-4 kuye kwemi-5, kwesinye isikhathi kube ngaphezulu. Indlovu empilweni yakhe izala izindlovu ezingadluli ku-8 - 9.

9. Inkomo, kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-240 kuya kwezingama-311

Ukukhulelwa izinkomo ihlala isikhashana. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi ukukhulelwa, isikhathi sesikhathi ingahluka kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-240 kuye kwezingama-311.

Ezinyangeni ezimbili ngaphambi kokuzalwa, odokotela bezilwane batusa ukuhambisa inkomo ngezinkuni ezifile, okungukuthi, ungabisi. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule, ingane ibilokhu ikhula ngokuzikhandla, idinga izakhi zomzimba ezengeziwe. Ngalesi sikhathi, ubisi seluba mbalwa.

Isisindo esijwayelekile samathole asanda kuzalwa angama-30 kilos. Ngokweqiniso ngemuva kokuzalwa, ithole liyakwazi ukuzimela, kepha ekuqaleni lidinga usizo.

Emavikini amabili okuqala, isilwane siyazivumelanisa nezimo futhi sizimele ngokwengeziwe.

8. IRoe deer, kusukela ezinsukwini ezingama-264 kuya kwezingama-318

Njengomthetho, isikhathi sokugijima (isikhathi sokuzalelisa) se-roe deer senzeka ehlobo. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga eziyi-9 kuye kweziyi-10. Kulesi sikhathi, izinyanga eziyi-4,5 ziwela esikhathini sokugcina. Iqanda lidlulela esigabeni sokuqala sokuchotshozwa futhi libambezeleka ekukhuleni kuze kube ukuqala kobusika.

Kuyamangaza kodwa uma inyamazane akakwazanga ukukhulelwa ehlobo, angakwazi "ukubamba" ebusika, kepha-ke ngeke kube khona isikhathi esedlule. Ukukhulelwa kuzohlala izinyanga ezi-5 kuphela.

Imvamisa, kuzalwa amawundlu ama-2, okuyisilinganiso esingaphansi kwe-1 noma 3, isisindo asidluli amakhilogremu ayi-1,3.

Isonto lokuqala, izilwane ezisanda kuzalwa zihlala endaweni efanayo lapho zazalelwa khona. Ngemuva kwesonto baqala ukuhamba. Eminyakeni eyi-1 kuya kwele-3, ama-roe deer ayakwazi ukuzondla eyawo.

7. Ihhashi, izinsuku ezingama-335 - ezingama-340

Isikhathi sokukhulelwa amahhashi izinyanga eziyi-11, noma kungaba khona okuhlukile. Imvamisa kuzala umuntu oyedwa. Uma i-fetus itholakala kahle esibelethweni, ukubandakanyeka komuntu akufuneki.

Imvamisa kunezimo lapho ihhashi lingakwazi ukuzala lodwa, khona-ke udinga ukusebenzisa izinsizakalo zikadokotela wezilwane.

Ngemuva kwayo yonke inqubo yokuhlanzeka, iqhude elisanda kuzalwa lishiywa eduze kukamama. Ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-40, akwazi ukusukuma. Isisindo sethambo elisanda kuzalwa lisukela kumakhilogremu angama-40 kuye kwangama-60.

Ekuqaleni, ihhashi namawundlu alo kufanele kube ndawonye, ​​njengoba edla kaningi. Isibalo sokuphakelwa singafinyelela izikhathi ezingama-50 ngosuku. Ihhashi namawundlu alo kuyanconywa ukuba kuhlukaniswe ngaphambi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha kamuva.

6. I-buffalo yase-Eshiya ne-Afrika, izinsuku ezingama-300 - 345

Ama-buffaloes ase-Asia avela kungakhathalekile isikhathi sonyaka, izinyathi zase-Afrika kuphela ngesikhathi semvula. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga eziyi-10 kuye kwezingu-11.

Inyathi yase-Afrika neyase-Asia (okusanda kuzalwa) kuyahluka ngombala, owokuqala umnyama, owesibili onsundu. Isisindo sazo sisukela kumakhilogremu angama-40 kuye kwangama-60.

Imvamisa kuzalwa umuntu oyedwa. Imizuzu embalwa ngemuva kokubeletha, i-buffalo ingalandela umama. Owesifazane udla amawundlu akhe aze afike ezinyangeni ezi-6 - 9.

5. Imbongolo yasekhaya, izinsuku ezingama-360 - ezingama-390

At izimbongolo Isizini okungahleliwe kuvame ukuvela ngoFebhuwari kuya kuJulayi. Owesifazane ubephethe ingane isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka. Kuzalwa umuntu oyedwa.

Imbongolo yasendlini esanda kuzalwa ithuthukiswe kahle, ungamane nje usheshe futhi uyihlukanise nonyoko. Izilwane zidinga ubisi lwebele izinyanga ezingafika kwezi-8, ngalesi sikhathi udinga ukufundisa imbongolo encane ukondla kusuka kumondli womzali. Isisindo sabo sisukela kumakhilogremu ayi-8 kuye kwayi-16.

Izimbongolo ziyizilwane ezinenkani kakhulu. Izindaba eziningi ziyaziwa ngesikhathi abantu bezama ukwehlukanisa imbongolo ne-cub yayo, kodwa imiphumela yayingemihle kakhulu. Ukumelana ngobudlova kuhlinzekwa ngazo zombili izinhlangothi. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukulinda kancane hhayi ukushesha ngokuxoshwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilwane ezincane ngeke zikwazi ukusebenza kanzima isikhathi eside.

4. Ikamela le-Bactrian, izinsuku ezingama-360 - ezingama-440

Kulezi zilwane, ukubola kwenzeka ekwindla. Ngalesi sikhathi amakamela anamahloni amabili aziphathe ngolaka futhi ingadala ukulimala okuthe xaxa kwezinye izilwane nakubantu.

Ukukhulelwa kukude: izinyanga eziyi-13-14, zivame ukukhiqizwa okukodwa. Amawele awenzeki, kepha ukukhulelwa okunjalo kuvame ukuphela ngesisu.

Isisindo sekamela elisanda kuzalwa lingahluka kusuka kumakhilogremu angama-36 kuye kwangama-45. Ngemuva kwamahora amabili ezelwe, uyakwazi ukulandela umama wakhe. Insikazi yondla ithole ngobisi cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha, yize i-lactation iqhubeka iminyaka engafika ku-1.5.

3. I-Badger, izinsuku ezingama-400 - ezingama-450

Isikhathi sokuzala siqala ngoFebhuwari kuya ku-Okthoba. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-450 (izinyanga eziyi-15). Isibalo samawundlu sisuka kokuya kwesinye kuya kwesine, isisindo sebheji elisanda kuzalwa asidluli kumagremu angama-80.

Amaviki okuqala amahlanu awasizi ngalutho. Kungale minyaka engama-35 kuya kwengama-40 kuphela amabibi evula amehlo. Zondla ubisi lwebele izinyanga ezine, yize zikwazi ukudla okunye ukudla zisuka nje ezinyangeni ezintathu. I-hibernation yokuqala yenziwa ngamabheji amancane nonina.

Iqiniso elihehayo:Amabheji lungiselela kusengaphambili ukubonakala kwenzalo. Bahlala emigodini futhi benza izidleke ezikhethekile - amakamelo wezingane angafani. Izilwane zibafaka ngotshani obomile. Lapho inzalo ikhula bamba omunye umgodi.

2. Indlulamithi, izinyanga eziyi-14-15

Ukukhulelwa kwenzeka ngenkathi yezimvula. Abancane bayazalwa izindlulamithi esimweni sezulu esomile. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha isikhathi eside kakhulu, kuze kube izinyanga eziyi-15. Abesifazane bazala besesimweni sokuma noma, ngokumangazayo, noma behamba. Imvamisa umuntu oyedwa uzalwa, kuyaqabukela kube namawele.

Isisindo sendlulamithi esanda kuzalwa cishe singamakhilogremu angama-65, futhi ukuphakama kungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-2. Ngesikhathi sokubeletha, isilwane siwa kusuka endaweni ephakeme, ngemuva kwemizuzu engu-15 ingasukuma.

Vele, ekuqaleni indlulamithi encane idinga umama. Ingane ihlala eduze kwakhe izinyanga eziyi-12 kuye kwezingu-14, kuya ngobulili.

1. Indlovu, cishe iminyaka emi-2 (izinyanga eziyi-19 - 22)

Izindlovu kabusha ngaphandle kwenkathi nesimo sezulu. Izindlovu zikhulelwe isikhathi eside kunayo yonke - cishe iminyaka emi-2.

Imvamisa kuzalwa ithole elilodwa lendlovu. Lapho kufika isikhathi sokuzala, insikazi iyahamba iye kude nomhlambi. Ngokumangazayo, njengamanje uphelekwe "umbelethisi". Enye indlovu iyazala.

Indlovu yosana esanda kuzalwa ifinyelela ezinyaweni zayo, isisindo sayo singamakhilogremu ayi-120. Iminyaka emine yokuqala, lesi silwane asinakukwenza ngaphandle kukamama. Izindlovu zingadla ubisi lwebele kuze kube iminyaka emi-5, yize zivame ukushintshela ekudleni okuqinile kusengaphambili.

Izindlovu ezincane zishiya umhlambi lapho zineminyaka eyi-12, izindlovu zihlala lapha impilo.

Ukukhulelwa komuntu

Ubudala obujwayelekile bokutholwa kumuntu buba ngamasonto angama-38 (noma cishe amasonto angama-40 wesikhathi esibizwa ngokuthi yi-obstetric, sibalwa kusukela ekuqaleni kokuya esikhathini), esihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezintathu zezinyanga ezintathu (ama-trimesters), lapho kwenzeka ushintsho ngalunye. Iqiniso lokukhulelwa lisungulwa yizibonakaliso eziningi.

Omama

Ukukhula kweqanda elivundisiwe, noma i-zygote ezilwaneni ezincelisayo, kuqala ku-oviduct. Ngemuva kwalokho ingena esibelethweni, lapho ilala khona ngokukhululekile isikhashana, bese umbungu ufakwa kancane kancane bese wethulwa odongeni lwesibeletho (ukufakwa). Ukuxhumeka kombungu nomzimba womama kusungulwa nge-placenta. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kwenzeka izinguquko ezibalulekile emzimbeni womama. Esigabeni sokuqala sokukhulelwa, isilwane siba nesifiso esihle sokudla, bese kuthi phakathi - sibe sesondlekile. Kusukela engxenyeni yesi-2 yokukhulelwa, ingane ikhula ngokushesha futhi idinga izakhi zomzimba eziningi. Ngalesi sizathu, isilwane siqala ukunciphisa umzimba. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, izilwane ziyeka ukuzingela ngokocansi nama-estrus, kanye nezindlala zezilwane ezincelisiwe. Isibeletho sowesifazane okhulelwe sanda ngevolthi izikhathi eziyi-10-15.

Isikhathi saso sincike ngosayizi wesilwane [com 1] nezimo zezemvelo lapho umzimba ukhula khona ngemuva kokuzalwa. Ama-lingulates ahlala ezindaweni ezivulekile azala amazinyane akhule kahle, athi ngemuva kokuzalwa angakwazi ukuzimela. Ukukhulelwa kwezilwane ezidla inyama kusheshe kudlule isikhathi eside, kepha-ke amawundlu azo azalwe eyimpumputhe, engenamsoco futhi adinga ukuvikelwa okukhethekile nokunakekelwa komama. Kuma-marsupials, isikhathi sifushane kakhulu [com 2], ngoba kuyo kuzalwa ikonyana ekuqaleni kwesigaba sokukhula futhi inqanyulwa ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngesikhwama se-brood (Marsupium), lapho kugcina khona ukuthuthukiswa kwayo ngenxa yezindleko zobisi ezithunyelwa yizinduna zezilwane ezifuywayo ezibekwe odongeni lwesikhwama Umama, ngakolunye uhlangothi, nasezincelweni zokugcina (i-Placentalia), ezinye izinhlobo ezincane zikhulelwe isikhathi eside kunezinhlobo ezinkulu, ngokwesibonelo, kunogwaja ne-hare, ukukhulelwa kuthatha amasonto amane, kuyilapho kuzincane amagundane - amaviki ama-5. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa ezilwaneni ezihlukile sinikezwa etafuleni No. 1.

Isikhathi sokukhulelwa singahluka ezinhlotsheni ezifanayo zezilwane kuye ngesikhathi sonyaka [com 3], ubulili bembungu [com 4], inani le-embryos [com 5], njalonjalo. Ukukhulelwa kungaba single futhi amaningi. Amawele kwesinye isikhathi acwebile.

Ukondla ngokweqile nokuqina kuthokomisa isikhathi sokuzala, ngenkathi nokwenza kahle imvelo, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni yesibili yokukhulelwa, kunciphisa kancane.

Inani lamawundlu kulitha

Emaqenjini ahlukahlukene ezilwanyana ezincelisayo, inani lamawundlu kulelilitha liyahlukahluka. Ngakho-ke izilwane ezidla ezinye zinamawundlu amabili kuya kwangama-20 ngokulahlwa kwazo, izinduku 2-10, ama-ululates 1-5, i-proboscis (izindlovu) nama-pinnipeds - 1, njll.

Izinhlanzi ezi-Viviparous

Izinhlanzi ezi-Viviparous zifaka oshaka, ama-stingrays, njll.

Kwamanye ama-stiprous stingrays, ukuthuthukiswa kwenzeka ngosizo olubizwa ngokuthi i-vitelline placenta, okwakhiwa izinqubo ezivusa amadlingozi zodonga lwesigaxa se-yolk, olungena odongeni lokwanda kwesibeletho se-oviduct, okuvumela ukuphuma kwezinto zepulasitiki kusuka emzimbeni womama kungena iqanda. Lezi zinhlanzi-ke, zinemicimbi efana nokukhulelwa kwezilwane ezincelisayo.

Incazelo nendlela yokuphila yezindlovu

Isikhumba sendlovu singimpunga futhi sinsundu ngombala, singama-cm angama-2,5.Izindlebe ezibanzi zitshalwa ekhanda elikhulu, zigcwale umoya ngazo, lesi silwane sinikeze umphumela wokupholisa fan. Isiqu sezindlovu kalula siphihliza isihlahla esikhulu, futhi ngokulinganayo sisebenzisa izinto ezincane. Ngalesi sitho esiyingqayizivele, izindlovu ziyadla, ziphuze futhi ziyaxhumana. Imisbenzi isisekelo sedumbu futhi ikhula kuyo yonke impilo.

Kutholakale amadolo amabili emilenzeni. Amawundlu amancane azalwa enama-bristles a-sparse, kepha isikhumba sendoda enkulu ayinaso isembozo, ibhulashi elincane kuphela ekugcineni komsila omude. Kuma-molars, kuhlala kukhona ama-4-6, njengoba ephela, amasha akhula eduzane. Isilinganiso sokuphila esijwayelekile siyiminyaka engama-70-80.

Izindlovu zithanda ukuhlala ngamaqembu amancane, okubandakanya abesifazane kuphela enzalweni yabo. Zonke izindlovu eziseqenjini zihlobene negazi. Eyokuqala, insikazi endala, ihola umhlambi, ihlola amasimu amasha ifuna ukudla. Indlovu endala idla ukudla okungamakhilogremu angama-200 nokudla okungamalitha angama-200 ngosuku. Lokhu kungenzeka kuphela ngenqubo yokuphila ngokungajwayelekile. Uma iqembu likhulu kakhulu, kwakhiwa umhlambi omusha, futhi ukuxhumana nezihlobo kuyanakekelwa. Abesilisa bashiya umhlambi lapho nje bezimela kunina. Bahlala ngokwahlukana, bodwa, futhi basondela eqenjini kuphela uma okungenani oyedwa wabesifazane esesimweni esivumelana nokukhulelwa.

Izici zokukhulelwa

Ngokumangazayo, izindlovu zinesistimu yokuzala eguquguqukayo kakhulu. Uma zizungezwe indawo engathandeki: isomiso, ukuntuleka kokudla, ukuqhaqha kakhulu noma umncintiswano, khona-ke ukuthomba kuyabambezeleka isikhathi esinganqamuki, kwabesilisa nabesilisa. Isibonelo, ubuncane bokukhula ngokweminyaka ngocansi yiminyaka eyi-7, kepha esikhathini esingesihle bufika eminyakeni eyi-18-20.

Indlela yehomoni endlovu ihlukile ngokuphelele kwezinye izilwane. I-Ovulation ibangelwa yi-hormone LH-lutropin, futhi ukukhulelwa kusekelwa amanye ama-hormone afaka imizimba yama-ovarian. Isikhathi se-estrus sithatha amahora angama-48. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukukhala kowesifazane kubiza owesilisa. Uma abantu abaningana abafuna ukuba ngobaba baphendule ucingo, khona-ke izimpi ezinamandla. Ngomnqobi, indlovu ithatha umhlalaphansi isikhashana kusuka emhlambini kuze kufike ukukhulelwa.

Ukuthuthukiswa kweCub

Kuze kube yiminyaka emine, ithole lendlovu lidinga ubisi lukamama. Ukuthintana njalo kwe-tactile kwenzeka: indlovu iyamhlwitha ngesiqu, idonsa ngonyawo lwayo, isize ukunqoba ubunzima bendlela, ukugeza, ukugoqa ngomthombo wamanzi. Ukusuka ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, ingane isingavele idle ukudla kwezitshalo, kepha ayeki ukumunca ubisi. Uma kunezindlovu eziningana zobisi emhlanjini, khona-ke noma iyiphi kuzo izokondla lelo sonto. Izindlovu ezincane ezingakafiki isikhathi sokuthomba zisiza ekunakekeleni izingane, ngaleyo ndlela zilungiselela ukuba ngumama esikhathini esizayo. Isiphetho esiqhubekayo sendlovu sincike ebulilini baso:

• Owesifazane uhlala emhlambini wezinkomo kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo yakhe, elandela indlovu endala. Izala amawundlu, inakekela izizukulwane ezizayo.
• Owesilisa ushiya umhlambi eneminyaka eyi-10. Kwesinye isikhathi izindlovu ezincane zizulazula ngamaqembu, kodwa zihlale zodwa lapho nje zifika ekuthweni.

Isithombo

Akuyena kuphela umama wakhe ongondla ingane yendlovu, kodwa futhi nanoma yimuphi omunye onobisi. Naphezu kwezikhundla eziqinile endaweni yezindlovu, izingane ezikuyo zinomusa omkhulu, zinakekela ngayinye njengeyazo. Umhlambi uqhutshwa ngowesifazane osemdala kunabo bonke, onolwazi kunabo bonke, oholela wonke umuntu endaweni yokudla noma endaweni yokunisela, futhi anqume ukuthi uzoyeka nini ukuphumula noma ubusuku.

Abesilisa abazibandakanyi nakancane ekukhulisweni kwezingane; bonke abantu besifazane bayazinakekela. Njengomthetho, ithole lendlovu ligcinwa eduze kukanina, livame ukuhamba, libambe umsila wayo nesiqu salo. Kepha uma kunesidingo, khona-ke abanye abantu besifazane bezomnakekela - amondle, amduduze, asize ukunqoba izithiyo endleleni, futhi angahle ahlasele njengokujeziswa.

Zizwa ingozi, izindlovu ziyakwazi ukugijima ngokushesha okukhulu. Kepha umhlambi awusoze wabalahla abafowabo abasebancane nabomama abakhulelwe. Bazungezwe yindilinga eminyene okungeke kudlule kuyo umhlaseli oyedwa olimele ukulimaza izingane. Izindlovu ezindala zinezitha ezimbalwa, okubaluleke kakhulu kuzo ngumuntu.

Ukukhiqizwa kwamazinyo endlovu kwenza izilwane zacishe zabhujiswa ngokuphelele - izindlebe zazibiza kakhulu, ngisho namanje, lapho izindlovu zibhalwe ku-Red Book, lokhu akubavimbeli abazingeli.

Izindlovu zezingane zikhuliswa emhlanjini kamama ukuya eminyakeni eyi-7 - 10. Kuze kube izinyanga eziyisithupha badla ubisi kuphela, bese beqala ukuzama ukudla okuqinile. Kepha ukuncelisa ubisi kuthatha iminyaka emi-2. Ngemuva kwalokho isizukulwane esincane sishintsha ngokuphelele ukutshala ukudla. Amathole amancanyana endlovu, okuthi, njengazo zonke izingane, athande ukudlala, angcole, kwesinye isikhathi "akhale" ngobuhlungu noma ukucasulwa, izindlovu, ezineminyaka engu-3 kuya ku-11 ubudala, ziyabuka.

Uma ingane isenkingeni, iwele emgodini noma iboshwe emvinini, wonke umuntu oseduzane nakanjani uzoluphendula ucingo lwakhe. Lapho esefake indlovu ngemithi, uyakhululwa ogibeni. Ukunakekela izingane kuthatha iminyaka eminingana kuze kube yilapho zifunda ukubhekana nezinkinga zodwa.

Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-10 kuye kwayi-12, abesilisa bavele baxoshwe emhlambini, bangabavumeli ukuba balandele izintokazi. Kaningi kunalokho, baqhubeka nohambo lwabo bebodwa. Abesifazane abasha bahlala emndenini kuze kube yilapho sebekhulile.

Indlovu enomama

Zidlani izingane zezindlovu?

• Ubisi lukamama. Angayiphuza aze afike eminyakeni eyi-4-5.
• Ukudla okuqinile. Indlovu encane ingadla ukudla okuqinile izinyanga eziyisithupha izelwe.
• Izitho zomama bendlovu. Amawundlovu endlovu angadla indle kanina. Zinezinto eziningi eziwusizo nezinempilo, kanye namagciwane angasiza ekutholeni i-cellulose.

Izindlovu zomama ziyaqhubeka nokunakekela amazinyane azo iminyaka eminingana. Njengomthetho, izindlovu zizala kanye njalo eminyakeni engama-2-10. Futhi sonke lesi sikhathi ingane yendlovu isondele kunina. Futhi-ke kuphela lapho ushiya umhlambi.

Ucwaningo oluthokozisayo olwenziwe e-Addo National Park luveze ukuthi izindlovu eziningi ezingaphansi kweminyaka engama-50 sezivele zikhulelwe noma sezivele zondla izindlovu zazo.

Esikhathini esedlule, odokotela bezilwane nososayensi bebenentshisekelo embuzweni wokuthi ukukhulelwa kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani kulezi zilwanyana ezincelisayo. Namuhla, ososayensi bayazibuza ukuthi kungani izindlovu zinesikhathi eside kangaka sokuthinta. Ngosizo lobuchwepheshe besimanje, bekungenzeka ukuthi ufunde ngezigaba zokukhulelwa kwezindlovu. Futhi ngenxa yalokhu, manje kungenzeka ukuthuthukisa izinga lokuzalwa kwezilwane ezingekho endle.

Lezi zilwane ezimangalisayo zinesinye isimangaliso. Izindlovu zinomjikelezo wazo we-ovulation - azikho kulezi ezinye izilwane ezinalokhu. Isikhathi esikhulu sokukhulelwa kuzindlovu kungenxa yokuthi imishini yazo yama-hormone ihluke ngokuphelele kwezinye izilwane emhlabeni wonke. Okufundwa ososayensi kubaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni wemvelo. Lezi zifundo zizosiza ekugcineni uhlobo lwezinhlobo ezingandile zalezi zilwane ekuthunjweni nasemhlabeni wasendle. Ososayensi bayohlala benemibuzo eminingi, futhi imvelo izoba nezimfihlakalo eziningi.

Isikhathi eside ungatadisha impilo yalezi zidalwa ezinhle kangaka. Ososayensi basafuna kakhulu ukwenza. Ngokufunda nokutadisha izimfihlakalo zemvelo, umuntu angamangala kaninginingi ukuthi umhlaba osizungezile muhle futhi uyasihaqa. Ososayensi bayohlala benemibuzo eminingi, futhi imvelo izoba nezimfihlakalo eziningi.

Lapho kufika isikhathi sokuthomba kwendlovu

Abantu abadala kuphela kanye nabantu abanohlonze abafinyelela ebusheni ababamba iqhaza ekutholeni, kodwa, izindlovu ziyizilwane ezimangalisayo. Zibonakaliswa ngokuguquguquka okuguquguqukayo, okuvezwa eqinisweni lokuthi kuya ngemvelo ukuthomba kanye nesikhathi sokuzala phakathi kokuzalwa singakhula. Ubudala obuncane bokuzala kwabesifazane yiminyaka engu-7. Kodwa-ke, uma kwenzeka izimo zimbi, lobudala bungakhuphuka amahlandla amabili noma kathathu.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukukhulelwa kwendlovu?

Isikhathi sokukhulelwa kwendlovu sikhulu kakhulu emhlabeni. Malini? Izintokazi zibopha izindlovu zomntwana izinyanga ezingama-20 ukuya kwengama-22. Isikhathi ngqo sokumiswa komzimba kuncike ezicini ezifana:

• inkathi,
• iminyaka yendlovu
• isilwane sithola ukudla okungakanani
• ezinye izinto.

Ucwaningo lwamuva nje selusungule ukuthi lesi sikhathi sokukhulelwa singenxa yomjikelezo oyingqayizivele we-ovulation nemishini ye-hormonal.

Kuphi isibeletho sakhiwa ngokuphelele ezinyangeni eziyi-19kodwa iyaqhubeka nokuhlala ngaphakathi kukamama. Ngesikhathi esisele, ingane ikhula ngosayizi, amathambo ayo ayaqina, ithole lendlovu likhukhumala nesikhumba. Lolu uhlobo lwendlela yokuzivikela.

Ukuzalwa kwendlovu akuvamile, cishe njalo eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwayisishiyagalolunye.Ibuye ihlotshaniswe nomshini okhethekile we-hormonal.

Ukukhula kwezindlovu nokulindelwa impilo

Cishe ema-100% ezimo, kuzalwa insalela eyodwa kuphela. Ukuzalwa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezindlovu kwenzeka ngezindlela ezihlukile:

• Indlovu ekhulelwe iyasusa emhlanjini ukuze izalwe, kwesinye isikhathi ihambisana nenye intokazi emhlanjini.
• Umhlambi wonke uzungeza insikazi ngodonga olubucayi okufanele lubelethe, lumvikele yena kanye nezingane ezitheni kuze kufike lapho inkonyane yendlovu ingasukuma.

Ekuzalweni indlovu yezingane inesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-100. Ukukhula kwezinsana kufinyelela kumitha. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zinama-toks amancane aphuma cishe eminyakeni emi-2 ubudala.

Indlovu yezingane izalwa icishe izimele. Angafika ezinyaweni kungakapheli isigamu sehora ngemuva kokuzalwa. Ngenkathi ikonyana lingemi ngezinyawo zalo, umama ufafaza uthuli nomhlaba kulo, afihla iphunga lethole lendlovu futhi ngaleyo ndlela alivikele ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye. Emva kwalokho yena alandela umama ngokungaguquki, ebambelele ngesiqu somsila wakhe. Indlovu iba nokuzimela lapho ineminyaka emine kuphela. Kuze kube manje, umama nezinye izinsikazi emhlambini bavikela izingane.

Umama wondla ingane ubisi. Ngokumangazayo, ithole lendlovu yondliwa kubo bonke abesifazane bezinkomo abanobisi. Lesi sikhathi singathatha izinyanga eziyisithupha siye eminyakeni emihlanu. Noma kunjalo, kusukela ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ubudala izindlovu ziqala ukudla ukudla okuqinile. Kuyiqiniso elaziwayo ukuthi amathole endlovu amancane adla indle yabantu abadala.

Eminyakeni engaba ngu-10 ubudala, indlovu endala ishiya umhlambi, futhi izinsikazi zihlala emhlanjini kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo. Isikhathi sokuphila sezindlovu kuleli cala sifinyelela eminyakeni engama-70.