Igama lesi Latin: | Coracias garrulus |
Isigcawu: | I-Shellfish |
Umndeni: | Raksha |
Ongakukhetha: | Incazelo yezinhlobo zaseYurophu |
Ukubukeka nokuziphatha. Ubukhulu buncane kancanyana kune-jackdaw, cishe i-jay, ubude bomzimba 30- 34 cm, amaphiko we-66-73 cm, isisindo esingu-110-190 g. Ifana nenyoni evundile ngokulingana: i-stocky, ikhanda elikhulu, elinomlomo omkhulu. Iyafana kakhulu ngokubukeka kwe-jay, kepha imifino inomsila omfushane namaphiko amade. Ngokungafani nama-corvid, awahambi ngokushesha kakhulu emhlabathini futhi akuvamile ukukwenza. Izimpiko zinde futhi zibanzi, indiza iyashesha futhi ingashukunyiswa, ngesitayela esivamile kufana nokundiza kwejuba noma iqhude. Ukulandelela inyamazane, imvamisa ihlala isikhathi eside kokuphakama okuthile, bese igijimela kuyo. Iyasebenza phakathi nosuku.
Incazelo. Umbala ukhanya kakhulu futhi uqhathanisa: ingemuva kunama-chestnut noma ansundu okhanyayo, izimpaphe zezimpaphe zibukeka zimnyama phezulu, zimnyama bhuqe ezansi, wonke umzimba uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngemibala ehlukene, kuvela amabala amnyama amancane amnyama emakhoneni emsila. Umsila unqunywe ngqo. Lapho indiza iphiko, umehluko wezimpaphe ezimnyama nezimpaphe zokumboza ukukhanya (“imichilo yamahlombe” kukhanya oluvulekile) uyabonakala. Owesilisa nowesifazane banemibala efanayo. I-post-nuparti molting iphelele, iqala ezindaweni zokudla izidleke, iphelela ebusika. Ekupheleni kwehlobo, ekwindla nasebusika, izinyoni ziyaqothuka. Ngokwengxenye ye-molt, ngokwengxenye izinyoni ziqhakaza ngenxa yokugqwala kweplamu. Amachwane athela enqunu futhi eyimpumputhe, ingubo yensizwa yakhiwe ngokuphelele ezinsukwini ezingaba ngu-30, izinyoni ezincane zishwabene kakhulu kunabantu abadala bokwindla, zinombala onsundu okhanyayo ezihlathini, umphimbo, esifubeni nezimpaphe ezimboze izimpiko. Ukuqunjelwa okuyingxenye kwengane kuqala ngoSepthemba; ngentwasahlobo, izinyoni ezincane zihluka kancane kubantu abadala.
Izwi. Imisindo ebukhali ecwebezelayo ithi "kraaa», «krrrr», «umdlavuza», «-ngumdlavuza", Kukhunjulwa ukukhala kwama-corvid, ikakhulukazi amankemba noma ama-jackdaws. Ngenkathi yokuzalela, abesilisa bahlela izindiza zamanje futhi benze imisindo ebukhali, edonswa ngomsindo.
Ukusatshalaliswa, isimo. Uhla lokuzala luvela enyakatho ye-Afrika, eningizimu nasempumalanga yeYurophu, eNtshonalanga naseCentral Asia, enyakatho yeYurophu ifinyelela oLwandle iBaltic, iye empumalanga umkhawulo osenyakatho wehlela eningizimu. Ifinyelela empumalanga iye e-Altai. Ubusika ikakhulukazi eSouth Africa. Ezingxenyeni eziphakathi neziseningizimu zohla, kuvame kakhulu, ukuya enyakatho kuyavama kakhulu.
Indlela yokuphila. Ihlala ezindaweni ezinhlobonhlobo zemvelo, iningi layo livulekile ngezihlahla, eYurophu imvamisa ihlala emahlathini ama-oki ama-oak namahlathi kaphayini anezikhala. Lesi sidleke sitholakala emigodini, imisele emifantwini (ingabhalwa yodwa), emigqonyeni yamatshe nasemabhilidini, ngaphansi kophahla lwezakhiwo, kwesinye isikhathi ezigwababa nasezibilinini ezidlekeni ezindala. Imvamisa kuthatha izidleke zayo zonyaka wokugcina. E-clutch ngokuvamile amaqanda ama-7-7 wombala omhlophe, owesilisa nowesifazane bayashonisa futhi bondle inzalo.
Idla ikakhulu izinambuzane ezinkulu, kepha futhi nezicabucabu, ama-mollusks, izibungu, ama-vertebrates amancane, izithelo namajikijolo. Izingela ezindaweni ezinomhlaba ovulekile noma uhlaza oluphansi; ibamba noma iqoqe inyamazane emhlabathini ikakhulukazi, iyifune.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala
I-Syovorovka - inyoni enkulu futhi engajwayelekile. Ubude bephiko bomuntu omdala bufika kumasentimitha angama-20 - 35, amaphiko ngamasentimitha - 40 - 70 amasentimitha, ubude bomzimba wenyoni ngomsila wayo - amasentimitha angama-30 - 35 anesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-200. Elinye igama lohlaza okotshani - raksha.
Le nyoni inamandla, kepha i-plumage ekhanyayo futhi enhle kakhulu. Ngaphansi komzimba, amaphiko, ikhanda nentamo kuluhlaza okombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kucwebezela elangeni ngemithunzi ehlukene yale mibala, ingemuva nangaphezulu kwamaphiko kukhona nsundu, izimpaphe zamaphiko zinsundu ngombala onsundu noma onsundu, umsila omkhulu omuhle, oqukethe izimpaphe eziyi-12 ezinamaphiko, uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izinyoni ezincane zinombala olula ezimpaphe, onyamalala ngobudala.
Esithombeni ngumbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka inekhanda elikhulu kakhulu maqondana nosayizi womzimba. Umlomo uqinile, unesimo esiqondile esiqondile, sicindezelwe kancane ezinhlangothini futhi sinamahabhu amancane phezulu, ichopho liboshwe kancane, ngombala onsundu.
Eduze komlomo wenyoni kukhona izinwele ezinzima - i-vibrissae. Abesilisa nabesifazane okulezinhlobo zinosayizi nemibala efanayo; kodwa kunzima ukuzihlukanisa.
Le nyoni itholakala ikakhulu endaweni eyi-steppe ne-steppe step of Western Asia, Europe, Africa; emazweni e-CIS isatshalaliswa isuka e-Altai iye e-Tatarstan, eningizimu yeKazakhstan. E-Russia, le nyoni itholakala kuphela ngenkathi efudumele, ngoba ngokusondela kwesimo sezulu esibandayo inyoni ifudukela e-Afrika. Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinyoni ezingaphansi nezingcosana ziyabuya emuva kokudlula ubusika; kwezinye izingxenye zaseRussia, i-bluefin ayisaphili.
Lokhu kungenxa yezizathu eziningi - umthelela womuntu endaweni yokuhlala yezinyoni, ukudoba nokudubula kwezinyoni zenyama, izimpaphe ezinhle nezilwane ezigxile kuthinta kakhulu inani labantu.
Isithombe isithombe ibele le-lilac-ibele
Ngokuvamile, uhlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo eziyi-8: Abyssinian, Bengal, Sinebryukha, red-caped, rocket-tailed, Sulawes, ezejwayelekile kanye lilac ibele lesifuba. Iningi lamagama lingasetshenziswa ukwahlulela izici ezihlukanisayo zezinhlobo kwabanye abafowethu.
17.10.2013
I-ejwayelekile ejwayelekile enamehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (IsiLatini: i-Coracias garrulus) iyinyoni enhle enamabala amahle amahle aqhamuka emndenini uSizovoronkovy (Coraciidae) we-oda Rakseobraznyh (Coraciiformes). Esikhathini esedlule esedlule, bekugcwele kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Ukucekelwa phansi kwesihlahla sehlathi nokugawulwa kwezihlahla ezindala kusenza singabi yindawo yaso yokuhlala.
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-insecticides kwezolimo kuholela emfuyweni efakwe yindlala, engabavumeli ukuthi bondle ngokugcwele amachwane futhi kuthinta ukuvuselelwa kwesibalo sabantu abaphilile.
Njengamanje, inani lamakhoyili aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ahlala eYurophu alinganiselwa kubantu abayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu, iningi labo elihlala e-Ukraine, eRussia naseTurkey.
Ukuziphatha
Izidleke ezijwayelekile ze-bluefin eYurophu, ENingizimu-Ntshonalanga Asia naseNyakatho Afrika. Kusebusika eCote d'Ivoire, naseMpumalanga, Ephakathi naseNingizimu Afrika. Zikhetha ukuhlala esifundeni se-steppe-steppe ezihlahleni ezihlukile noma emahlathini amadala kaphayini kanye namahlathi e-oki.
Muva nje, ngenxa yezinguquko zemvelo, ziyavela ngisho naseziqiwini zasemadolobheni nasezifundeni ezisogwini. Ezindaweni lapho kunezigodi eziningi enhlabathini yobumba, zivame ukuhlela izidleke emiseleni ebunjiwe emhlabathini.
Lezi zinyoni zihlukaniswa uthando olukhulayo lokushisa, ngakho-ke zivela e-Afrika kaningi kuphela ngoMeyi, bese zindiza zihamba ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti noma ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba. Uma ihlobo ligcina lina futhi liphole, khona-ke alizali nhlobo.
Ngaphandle kwenkathi yezidleke, lamagundane ahola indlela yokuphila eyedwa. Zithanda ukugibela izihlahla ezinde zibhekele inyamazane. Lapho embona, umzingeli wephula masinyane ahlasele isisulu emoyeni ngejubane lombani. Ebamba izinambuzane ngomlomo wakhe oqinile, ngokushesha uyasiginya.
Indiza yesicupho samafutha imvamisa ayidluli kumamitha ayi-100-200. Akathandi ukuhamba emhlabathini, kodwa, kwesinye isikhathi, akanandaba nokudla izibungu ezincane, amasele namagundane. Engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo, ukudla kwakhe kuyenezelwa izithelo ezivuthiwe namajikijolo.
Uma kwenzeka ingozi, ifihla imfihlo enuka kabi esiswini, ethusa abaningi abazingelayo.
Imininingwane ejwayelekile mayelana neqembu
Izinyoni zaseRaksha zishisa kakhulu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-Todi, kingfishers, motmotov, hoopoe, crayfish ne-syovoronkovy (noma crayfish yangempela). Ikakhulu ukuheha ukunakwa kwabadobi benkosi, ukudonsela emanzini emanzini ukucinga izinhlanzi, kanye nokuhambisana nenganekwane yasendulo. AmaGrikhi asendulo ayekholelwa ukuthi uCeyx no-Alcyone (unkosikazi), owaphahlazisa umkhumbi eDelphi, baphenduka ababambisi bamakhosi. AmaShayina asebenzisa izimpaphe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zezinhlobo ezithile zalezi zinyoni ukuhlobisa imidwebo.
Ezinye izinyoni zalo mthetho - odla izinyosi - zisolwa ngokuzingela izinyosi ezibalulekile. Futhi eNyakatho Melika babhekwa njengezitha ngenxa yokuthi ezindaweni ezihlafunayo, inyamazane esidla izinyosi ezinhlanzini ezincane. Enye inyoni - kookaburra - inokuhleka okukhulu ngisho nezwi imbongolo. I-bluefin ibhekwa njengenye yezeluleko eziwusizo kakhulu phakathi kwezihlobo zayo.
Isihloko esilandelayo sinikeza eminye imininingwane eningilizayo mayelana nale nyoni.
Izindawo Zokuhlala Nesting
Le nyoni enamahloni ihlala ikakhulu ezigodini nasezingxenyeni ze-steppe. Emhlambini omkhulu, zivame ukubonakala ezintanjeni ezivela kuzo ngezikhathi ezithile. Ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ezengeziwe zohla, zihlala ngokuzithandela ezindlekelweni nasezindaweni ezishisiwe, kanye nasehlathini likaphayini kanye nasehlathini eliqabile le-oki.
Ukugwemeka kwesihlahla samahlathi aminyene ngezihlahla ze-spruce. Uthanda izindawo ezinamahlathi asemaqeleni, amahlathi esigodi, ama-willow emahlathini, ama-steppe oak namagadi ngaphezulu. Ezindaweni ezingama-steppe, ukhetha amasango, izigodi, amabhange emifula, njll.
Le nyoni inendawo edla ubhedu ebanzi e-Eurasia: isuka ezindaweni eziseningizimu yeSpain, iFrance, iJalimane, yonke iMpumalanga Yurophu iye eSiberia naseTan Shan, naseKashmir eCentral Asia. Indawo esidlekayo eSweden ifinyelela ekuhlwanyelweni okungama-61 °. latitude, naseFinland - kufinyelela kuma-62 °. E-Russia, angatholakala eduzane namadolobha aseKalinin, iSt. Petersburg, iGorky, iMoscow neKazan. Ezindaweni ezisenyakatho kakhulu neRussia, azivamile. Izindawo ezinomhlwa - empumalanga ye-Urals, endaweni yedolobha laseKokchetav laseKazakhstan (inkambo ephakathi nomfula i-Irtysh). Lezi zinyoni zihlala e-Afrika nase-Australia.
Ezifundeni zaseningizimu, izinduku eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zihola impilo yokuhlala, futhi enyakatho, ziyafuduka. Ukundiza kwalezi zinyoni emgqeni we-chernozem kwenzeka kancane kancane, kuqala cishe kusukela ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti. Futhi eCrimea naseCaucasus, le nyoni ihlala isikhathi eside ekwindla, cishe kuze kube sekupheleni kukaSepthemba. Zindiza ikakhulu emhlambini omncane, futhi kuyaqabukela zodwa. Indiza ibheke e-Afrika.
Incazelo
Ubude bomzimba bungama-35 cm futhi bunesisindo esingu-180 amagremu. Ukukhula kwale nyoni kucishe kufane nokufana ne jackdaw ejwayelekile. I-plumage yenyoni ye-sysooron (raksha) iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nge-tint eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Amahlombe nangemuva anombala onsundu noma obomvu. Uqhwaku lumnyama, lufushane futhi luqinile ngokwanele. Ingxenye engemuva engemuva, kanye neyangaphansi, iyi-hue eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi zonke izimpaphe ezingaphansi kwesibhakabhaka zimnyama. Izimpiko zenyoni ebukhali zibukeka ngombala omuhle oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ikhanda lezinyoni ezincane luhlaza onsundu. Indiza yabo iyakwazi ukuqondakala, futhi ukugoba kwamaphiko kujule futhi kubukhali. Emhlabathini zihamba kancane. Ama-rolling aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka anezwi elibukhali, eli-raspy elinomsindo omuhle.
Entwasahlobo, abesilisa bayaxoxa. Bakhuphuka ngamanani aphezulu anemisindo emibalabala, ecwebezelayo efana "nomdlavuza-umdlavuza-umdlavuza - ...". Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesinye isikhathi, bakhipha ukukhala okuntengayo nokugembula - "raker-raker- ...".
Phakathi kwezinye izinyoni ezinemibala ngesizotha, i-rodent mihle kakhulu.
Ekuphetheni ngokudla okunempilo
Inyoni enama-rodent imvamisa idla izinambuzane. Lezi izintethe, amafilidi, izibungu, amabhungane amakhulu. Kwesinye isikhathi adla, njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, ngamagundane amancane, amasele, izibungu. Engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo, amajikijolo avuthiwe nezithelo avela ekudleni.
Babheka inyamazane yabo, bahlala ezintanjeni zezigxobo zikagesi emagatsheni ezihlahla nasezihlahleni.
Isimilo nendlela yokuphila
Blue Roller - InyoniUkuphila impilo yokufuduka. Ukuze isinde ngokuphepha ngenkathi ebandayo, le nyoni ihamba ibanga elikhulu futhi ebusika ezindaweni eziseningizimu yezwekazi lase-Afrika. Abamele abantu abadala bohlobo bayoba bayobusika ngo-Agasti, bese kuthi ngoSepthemba, bashiye indlu nokukhula abasebasha, babuye ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi.
Njengomthetho, i-grin eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka iyandiza iphansi, ngezikhathi ezithile - ngezikhathi ezithile yokuphakama kanye "nokubhina". Kuqabukela kakhulu ukubona inyoni phansi, okungamangazi - imilenze yohlobo iqinile futhi inesitokwe, futhi futhi yinde impela, okungukuthi, kuyaphazamisa ukuthi inyoni ihambe ngezinyawo.
Ifuna inyamazane, inyoni ingahlala emagatsheni ezihlahla noma okunye ukuphakama okufanele lokhu isikhathi eside. Le nyoni igwema amahlathi aminyene namahlathi, ikhetha ugwadule kanye nogwadule, izitebhisi nezintango zamahlathi. Ngezinsuku ezifudumele ilanga, le nyoni ihola indlela yokuphila esebenzayo, ihamba njalo ifuna ukudla, ngezinsuku ezinamafu nezinethayo - ikakhulukazi ihlala endaweni ephephile.
Ukudla okusanhlamvu
I-Common Blue Roller ozithobayo ekudleni. Le nyoni ithanda ngokukhethekile izinambuzane ezinkulu, njengamabhungane, amakhokho, izintethe, isikhonyane, izimvemvane kanye namacimbi, ukuthandazela izinkulumo, futhi azideleli izinyosi kanye neminyovu, izimpukane ezinkulu, izintuthwane.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inyoni ingadla ngamagundane amancane, oofezela, izicabucabu, izibungu ezincane, amasele, ama-centipedes. Kuya ngesizini, kudla amagilebhisi, amajikijolo ahlukahlukene, imbewu etholakala endleleni.
Ezimweni lapho ukuzingela kuphele khona ngokubanjwa kokudla okuphilayo, okungenazindiza, ngokwesibonelo, igundane elincane, inyoni iphakamisa ukuphakama okukhulu bese iyilahla, ikwenza kaningana, bese kuphela ukudla.
Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside
Isikhathi sokuzala siqala maphakathi, ukuphela kwentwasahlobo, masinyane ngemuva kokufika kwezinyoni ezivela emazweni afudumele. Umumo nesakhiwo amaphiko we-rosin inika abesilisa ithuba lokwenza amaqhinga angajwayelekile emoyeni ukudonsela ukunaka kwabesifazane, abakwenzayo.
Indiza izungeza othandekayo, iduna lidansa umoya, ligcwele ama-pirouette angenakucatshangwa futhi lenze umsindo omkhulu. Zakha i-pair, izinyoni zihlala zithembekile komunye nomunye kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo. Lapho ebuyela endaweni esidlekeni, owesilisa wobabili uqeda ukunaka insikazi yakhe, imthande ngobuhlakani nangejubane lokundiza.
Isidleke samagundane aluhlaza okwesibhakabhakaNjengomthetho, osuvele owadalwa ngumuntu ngaphambili, kepha walahla imigodi noma imisele, futhi angangena ezakhiweni ezishiywe ngabantu, ngokwesibonelo, izisekelo zamasosha.
Kuyiqiniso, ukukhetha kwendawo yokuhlomisa indlu yenyoni kuya ngendawo yokuhlala engapheli yonyaka ofudumele, ngakho-ke, endaweni yesitebhisi, ama-bluefins ahlala emiseleni engenalutho noma abambe emthambekeni, emahlathini angavamile ahlala emigodini yezihlahla.
Kunezimo zokuphila kweqembu lezinyoni - ngababili abambalwa bahlala emgodini owodwa ovulekile bahlele izidleke ezihlukile lapho. Umgodi ofanele inyoni cishe ngamasentimitha angama-60; isidleke sitholakala emaphethelweni. Ilitha lezinyoni lakhiwe ngotshani obomile namaqabunga amancane, nokho, eminye imibhangqwana ayenzi.
Esithombeni, okuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-isisu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
I-Clutching yenzeka ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi, iqukethe amaqanda amancane ayisiyingi ayi-4-6 amhlophe anamagobolondo acwebezelayo. Ngemuva kwalokho, amasonto amathathu, umama ufudumeza ngokucophelela inzalo ezayo. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, amaphuphu awachanyuselwa, angenakuzitholela ngokwawo ukudla kwawo okungaba inyanga.
Abazali bondla izingane nabo, futhi bavikele ngenkuthalo isidleke sabo. Lapho nje izingane zikhula futhi ziba namandla ngokwengeziwe futhi sezivele sezikwazi ukuzimela, yize kungakabi isikhathi eside, indiza, zishiya isidleke sempilo ezizimele.
Ukuncibilika kokuqala kwezilwane ezincane okugcwele kwenzeka ngoJanuwari, akuphelele - ngoSepthemba, ngaphambi kokuqala kwendiza eya ezindaweni ezifudumele. Eminyakeni engu-2, izinyoni ezincane sezivele zifuna umbhangqwana ongapheli futhi zihlomise izidleke zazo. Isilinganiso sokuphila esirekhodiwe esiyiminyaka engu-9.