Le nyoni emhlophe ebabazekayo ijwayelekile kuwo wonke umuntu kusukela ebuntwaneni. Ngemuva kwakho konke, bazali, baphendula umbuzo wengane: "ngivelaphi", bathi - unogolantethe ukulethile.

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, ibhuku lalibhekwa njengomgcini womhlaba kusuka emimoyeni emibi naseziraleni zomhlaba. E-Ukraine, Belarus nasePoland, kusekhona inganekwane echaza ngomsuka wengulube.

Ithi lapho uNkulunkulu esebone ukuthi zingaki izinkinga nobubi obudale izinyoka kubantu, wanquma ukubabulala bonke.

Ukuze enze lokhu, wabaqoqa bonke esikhwameni, futhi wayala lowo muntu ukuba amphonse olwandle, noma amshise, noma amyise ezintabeni eziphakeme. Kepha le ndoda yanquma ukuvula isikhwama ukuze ibone okungaphakathi, yazikhipha zonke ezihuquzelayo.

Njengesijeziso sokufuna ukwazi, uNkulunkulu waguqula umuntu inyoni edonsa umoya futhi wagxeka impilo yakhe yonke ukuqoqa izinyoka namaxoxo. Kuliqiniso yini ukuthi inganekwane yamaSlav mayelana nezingane ezilethwayo iyaqiniseka kakhulu?

Ukubukeka kwesidumba

Ingulube ejwayelekile kakhulu imhlophe. Intamo yayo ende emhlophe qhwa iqhwa uqhwaku olubomvu.

Emikhawulweni yamaphiko ebanzi kukhona izimpaphe ezimnyama ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, lapho amaphiko esongelwe, kubukeka sengathi wonke umhlane wenyoni umnyama. Imilenze yensangu ngombala woqhwaku nayo ibomvu.

Abesifazane kwabesilisa bahluka ngosayizi kuphela, kepha hhayi amaplamu. Ingulube emhlophe lingaphezu kwamamitha amade, kanti amaphiko alo ngamamitha ayi-1.5-2. Umuntu omdala unesisindo esingama-4 kg.

Esithombeni kunogolantethe omhlophe

Ngokungeziwe ku-stork emhlophe, emvelweni kukhona ne-antipode yayo - ingulube emnyama. Njengoba igama lisho, le nhlobo imnyama.

Ngobukhulu, liphansi kancane kumhlophe. Konke okunye kufana kakhulu. Mhlawumbe kuphela, ngaphandle kwezindawo zokuhlala.

Ngetulu kwaloko, umdlwane lomnyama ubhalwe ku-Red Book of Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan kanye nakwabanye.

Ingulube emnyama

Enye into edumile, kepha kude kakhulu, yezinhlobo zohlobo lwe-Stork - ingulube yezinyoni. AmaSulumane amhlonipha futhi ambheka njengenyoni ehlakaniphile.

Umehluko wawo oyinhloko kusuka ku-stork ejwayelekile ukuba khona kwesikhumba esingenalutho ekhanda nasentanjeni, umlomo omswakama omfishane futhi omfishane nesikhwama esinezikhumba ngaphansi kwawo.

Omunye umehluko obonakalayo ukuthi i-marabou ayeluli intamo yayo indiza, igoba njenge-heron.

Esithombeni, ingulube yemarabou

I-Stork Habitat

Kunezinhlobo eziyi-12 emndenini wezingwamza, kodwa kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma kakhulu ezivamile - ingulube emhlophe.

EYurophu, ububanzi bayo ukusuka enyakatho bunqunyelwe eningizimu yeSweden kanye nesifunda seLeningrad, empumalanga, eSmolensk, eLipetsk.

Baphinde bahlala e-Asia. Ukuze ubusika bube ngendiza e-Afrika naseNdiya eshisayo. Izakhamizi zaseningizimu ye-Afrika zihlala lapho.

Izingwamza ezifudukayo zindizela ezindaweni ezifudumele ngezindlela ezimbili. Izinyoni eziya entshonalanga nibble Gibraltar nasebusika e-Afrika phakathi kwamahlathi nehlane laseSahara.

Futhi ukusuka empumalanga, izingwamza zindizela kwa-Israyeli, zifinyelela eMpumalanga Afrika. Ezinye izinyoni zihlala eSouth Arabia, e-Ethiopia.

Ngesikhathi sezindiza zasemini, izinyoni zindiza phezulu, zikhethe izindiza ezikulungele ukukhuphuka. Zama ukungabhabha phezu kolwandle.

Abantu abasha bavame ukuhlala emazweni afudumele ehlobo elilandelayo, ngoba abasenakho ukuthambekela kokuzalela, futhi akukho mandla okubadonsela emuva ezindaweni abazidlayo.

Ingwamza emhlophe ikhetha amaxhaphozi kanye nezimbumbulu ezisezingeni eliphansi empilweni. Impela kaningi kuhlala eduze komuntu.

Isidleke uqobo ingwamza kungenzeka enze ophahleni ekhaya noma ku-chimney. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu ababheki lokhu njengengozi, ngokumelene nalokho, uma udogodo wakha isidleke eduze kwendlu, lokhu kubhekwa njengophawu oluhle. Abantu bayazithanda lezi zinyoni.

I-Rooftop Stork Nest

Indlela yokuphila yezingulube

Amantshontsho amhlophe akha umbhangqwana impilo yonke. Ukubuya kusuka ebusika, bathola isidleke sabo, futhi bazinikele ekuqhubekeni kohlobo.

Ngalesi sikhathi, lo mbhangqwana ugcinwa uhlukile. Lapho kusebusika, amantshontsho amhlophe ahlangana emihlambini emikhulu, enamakhulu amaningana abantu.

Enye yezimpawu zokuziphatha kwengulube kungabizwa ngokuthi "ukuhlanza."Uma inyoni ethile igula, noma ibuthakathaka kakhulu, bayambulala afe.

Isihluku esinjalo, ekuqaleni kokuqala, isiko empeleni kuhloselwe ukuvikela lonke ipakethe ezifweni futhi ngeke livumele iduna noma insikazi ebuthakathaka ukuba ibe ngabazali, ngaleyo ndlela ligcina impilo yayo yonke inhlobo.

Ingwamza emhlophe iyindiza enhle. Lezi zinyoni zihamba amabanga amade kakhulu. Futhi enye yezimfihlo ezibasizayo ukuthi bahlale emoyeni isikhathi eside ukuthi izingwamza lapho zibaleka zingadamba.

Lokhu kufakazelwa ubufakazi besayensi ngokulandela izinyoni ezifudukayo. Inzwa esifubeni sogwayi kwesinye isikhathi idonsa kanzima, inqabile futhi ingashisi ukuphefumula.

Kuphela ngamahemuhemu kule mizuzu akhuphukayo ezwe ngokuchofoza okufushane okunikezwe omakhelwane bakhe ngesikhathi sendiza.

Lezi zibonakaliso zimtshela ukuthi yisiphi isikhundla okufanele asithathe ekundizeni, okuyiphi indlela okufanele ayikhethe. Imizuzu engu-10-10 yokulala okunjalo, inyoni yanele ukuphumula, emva kwalokho kwenzeka ekhanda "ekwakhekeni", inika "izimoto zokulala" zephakathi kwephakethe kwabanye abafuna ukuphumula.

Ukudla amabele

Ingwamza emhlophe ehlala ezindaweni eziphansi nezigudle ihlala lapho hhayi ngengozi. Ukudla kwalo okuyinhloko ngamasele ahlala lapho. Ukubonakala kwabo konke kufanelekile ukuhamba emanzini angajulile.

Imilenze enezinzwane ezinde igcina inyoni iphelele emhlabeni obonakalayo. Uqhwaku olude lusiza ukudoba izinhlwayi konke ukunambitheka okumnandi - amasele, imollusks, iminenke, inhlanzi.

Ngaphezu kwezilwane zasemanzini, ibhuku lidla izinambuzane, ikakhulukazi ezinkulu futhi ziyagcwala, njengesikhonyane.

Iqoqa izibungu, uMay mabhungane, ibhere. Ngokuvamile, konke kungaphezulu noma kukuncane okumbaxekile ngosayizi. Amagundane, izibankwa, izinyoka, izinyoka ngeke zenqabe.

Bangadla ngisho nezinhlanzi ezifile. Uma zingabamba, zizodla onogwaja, imvukuzane, amagundane, ama-squirrel omhlaba, kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nama-birdies amancane.

Ngesikhathi sokudla, izingwamza zigxila ngokumangalisayo “etafuleni”, kepha lapho zibona “isidlo” esifanele ziya ngokushesha zigijime ziyibambe ngomlomo omude, oqinile.

Ukuzala kabusha futhi isikhathi sokuphila kwengulube

Bazali, lapho sebefikile endaweni yokwakha isidleke, bathola isidleke sayo bayilungisa ngemuva kobusika.

Lezo izidleke esezisetshenziswe iminyaka eminingana ziba zikhulu kakhulu. Isidleke somndeni singathola ifa ngabantwana ngemuva kokushona kwabazali babo.

Abesilisa bafika ngoMashi-Ephreli ngaphambi kwesikhathi kunabesifazane balindele omama abakhulelwe ezidlekeni. Owesifazane wokuqala ohlezi phezu kwakhe angaba ngumkakhe kuze kube yilapho ukufa kuhlukana nabo.

Noma mhlawumbe kungenjalo - ngoba wonke umuntu ufuna ukuthola umyeni futhi angahlali eyisikhonzi esidala, ngakho abesifazane bangakwazi ukulwela indawo engenamuntu. Owesilisa akabambi iqhaza kulokhu.

Umbhangqwana ozimisele ubekela amaqanda ama-2-5 amhlophe. Umzali ngamunye uzibandakanya naye isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga. Amantshontsho aminyene amhlophe futhi ehle, akhula ngokushesha okukhulu.

Amachwane amantshontsho amnyama esidlekeni

Abazali bayabondla futhi bayiphuzise ngensimbi ende, kwesinye isikhathi bayayinisela kuyo, ngesikhathi sokushiswa.

Njengezinyoni eziningi, lapho kunokuntuleka kokudla, amaphuphu amancane ayafa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abagulayo, nabazali uqobo bayoxoshwa esidlekeni ukusindisa ezinye izingane.

Ngemuva kwenyanga nesigamu, amachwane azama ukuphuma esidlekeni futhi azame amandla awo endizeni. Futhi emva kweminyaka emithathu bakhula ngokobulili, yize bezodla kuphela eneminyaka eyisithupha.

Lokhu kujwayelekile, uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi isikhathi sokuphila kukakhokho omhlophe cishe siyiminyaka engama-20.

Kunezinganekwane eziningi ngohlobo olusha lwezinganekwane nezinganekwane ezikhulunywayo, ngisho nefilimu lidutshulwe UCaliph isudulapho umuntu athathe isimo sale nyoni. Ugwababa omhlophe wayehlonishwa yizizwe zonke ngasosonke isikhathi.

Incazelo Nezici

Lezi zidalwa ezinemibala bezilokhu zimangaza labo abaseduze nabo ngomusa wazo omangalisayo: intamo ende ende eguqukayo, emilenzelayo, imilenze emincane ebaphakamisela phezulu ngaphezu komhlaba, amamitha futhi amade (yize izinsikazi zincane kakhulu kunabesilisa bazo).

Ingquza – inyonienesimo esijikelezayo, esinomlomo okhombe, omude futhi oqondile. Ingubo yezimpaphe zezidalwa ezinamaphiko azigcwele imibala egqamile, imhlophe ngezengezo ezimnyama. Kuliqiniso, kwezinye izinhlobo, abamnyama babonakala ezindaweni ezimhlophe.

Izimpiko zihlaba umxhwele ngosayizi, zithatha cishe amamitha amabili. Ikhanda nentamo ebabazekayo inezintandokazi - zinqunu, azinamathe ngokuphelele, izindawo ezimbozwe kuphela yisikhumba esibomvu, kwezinye izimo ziphuzi nezinye izithunzi, kuya ngezinhlobonhlobo.

Imilenze nayo ayinalutho, isikhumba senethi kubo sibomvu. Iminwe yezinyoni ezifakwe ulwelwesi iphetha ngemichilo emincane ye-pink hue.

Izinyoni ezinjengalezi zidluliselwa ngochwepheshe bezinto eziphilayo ngokuya nge-Ciconiiformes, ebizwa nangokuthi ngamanye amagama: i-ankle. Futhi bonke abameleli bakhe bangamalungu omndeni omkhulu wezingwamza. Kuyadabukisa nje ukuthi ngabo bonke ubuhle babo, laba bantu abamele lo mbuso onamakhanda abanalo izwi elimnandi, kepha bayaxhumana, bechofoza ngemilomo yabo bese bekhipha ingoma.

Lalela izwi likantshontsho elimhlophe

Yini inyoni: ukufuduka noma cha? Konke kuncike endaweni lapho izinyoni ezinjalo zikhetha njengendawo yokuhlala. Lezi zidalwa ezinomusa zitholakala ezindaweni eziningi ze-Eurasia. Futhi ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo bavame ukuya ebusika emazweni ase-Afrika noma ezindaweni ezinkulu zaseNdiya, ezinobukhulu obukhulu futhi baziwa ngesimo sezulu esihle.

Kuyenzeka ukuthi izingwamza zikhetha izindawo ezithandekayo zaseningizimu ye-Asia ukuze ziphinde zakhiwe. Labo abahlala ezwenikazi elifudumele, ngokwesibonelo, e-Afrika noma eSouth America, abanazo izindiza zasebusika.

Uhlobo lwalezi zinyoni luhlanganisa nezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-12. Abamele babo bafana kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ziphathwe ngomehluko okhona ngosayizi nombala wesembozo sezimpaphe, kepha hhayi kuphela. Zihlukile futhi kubalingisi, imikhuba kanye nesimo sengqondo kumuntu.

Izici ezihlukile zokubukeka ziyabonakala esithombeni sezingwamza.

Ake sibheke kabanzi eminye imininingwane:

• Ugwababa omhlophe ungenye yezinhlobo eziningi kakhulu. Abantu abadala bangafika ekuphakameni okungama-120 cm nesisindo esingama-4 kg. Umbala feather yabo icishe ibe mhlophe qhwa, kanti umlomo kanye nemilenze ibomvu.

Izimpaphe kuphela ezingasemngceleni wamaphiko zimnyama, ngakho-ke lapho zigoqwa, zinikeza umbono wobumnyama ngemuva komzimba, lapho izidalwa ezinamaphiko ezinjena e-Ukraine zithole khona igama lesidlaliso "elimnyama-omnyama".

Bahlala esidlekeni esikhulu se-Eurasia. Zisakazekile eBelarus, zize zithathwe njengophawu lwazo. Ebusika, izinyoni zivame ukundiza emazweni ase-Afrika naseNdiya. Kubantu ingulube emhlophe bathembekile, futhi abamele abombuso onamaphiko bavame ukwakha izidleke zabo eduze kwezindlu zabo.

Ingulube emhlophe

• Ukhozi oluseMpumalanga Ekude, kwesinye isikhathi olubizwa nangokuthi lubizwa ngamaShayina nabamnyama, luyizilwane ezingandile futhi luvikelekile eRussia, kanye naseJapan naseChina. Izinyoni ezinjalo zidla eNhlonhlo YaseKorea, esifundeni sasePrimorye nase-Amur, ezifundeni ezisempumalanga nasenyakatho neChina, eMongolia.

Bancamela amaxhaphozi, bafuna ukungabi kude nabantu. Lapho kuqala ubusika, izinyoni ziya ezindaweni ezinhle kakhudlwana, ikakhulukazi eningizimu yeChina, lapho zichitha khona izinsuku ezixhaphozini, nasemasimini erayisi, lapho zikuthola kalula khona ukudla.

Lezi zinyoni zikhulu kuneqhude elimhlophe. Uqhwaku lwazo futhi lukhulu kakhulu futhi lunombala omnyama. Emehlo, umuntu obhekele amehlo uyakwazi ukubona izindawo ezibomvu zesikhumba esingenalutho.

IBlack beak ihlukaniswa kwezinye izihlobo zaseMpumalanga Ekude

• Ingulube emnyama - Uhlobo olungenakuqondwa kahle, noma luningi. Ihlala futhi ihlala e-Afrika. Ensimini ye-Eurasia, isatshalaliswa kabanzi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezigcinwe eBelarus, ihlala inani elikhulu e-Primorsky Territory.

Ukuze ubusika luphume ezindaweni ezingathandeki, izinyoni zingaya eningizimu ye-Asia. Abamele lolu hlobo lwezinhlobo lincane kancane kunezihlobo zezinhlobo ezichazwe ngaphambilini. Bafinyelela isisindo esingama-3 kg.

Umthunzi wezinsiba walezi zinyoni, njengoba negama lisho, umnyama, kepha ngombala obonakalayo noma okhanyayo obonakala kancane. Okumhlophe kulezi zinyoni ezinjalo yisisu kuphela, isifuba sangaphansi nangaphansi. Izifunda ze-Periocular noqhwaku zibomvu.

Izinyoni zalolu hlobo zakha izidleke emahlathini aminyene, kaningi emachibi angaxuxu nasezigodini, kwezinye izikhathi ezintabeni.

Ingulube emnyama

• Ingwamza emhlophe enesihlabathi iyisidalwa esincane uma uyiqhathanisa nezihlobo zayo. Lezi yizinyoni ezinesisindo nje sekhilogremu. Bahlala ikakhulukazi e-Afrika futhi bahlala lapho.

Zinombala omhlophe ongaphansi nesifuba, okuthi ngophaphe olumnyama lomzimba wonke umehluko omkhulu. Futhi okugcina kwakuyisizathu segama lezinhlobo. Hue uqhwaku lomlomo okunjalo okunempunga grey.

Futhi ngesikhathi sokukhwelana kuqhwaku esisekelweni salo, isikhumba siba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okuyisici esivelele sezinyoni ezinjalo. Bahlala esidlekeni zezihlahla nasezindaweni ezinamadwala. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenkathi yezimvula, lapho abamele izinhlobo zezinto ezichaziweyo baqanjwa ngokuthi amagama endawo ngabantu bendawo.

Ingwamza emhlophe enomzimba omele womndeni omncane

• Udobi omhlophe obumhlophe utholakala ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zase-Asia nase-Afrika, utholakala kahle emahlathini ashisayo. Ukukhula kwezinyoni kuvame ukungabi ngaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-90. Umbala wangemuva umnyama omningi ngokuthinta ubomvu, amaphiko anombala obomvana.

Njengoba ungaqonda kusuka egameni - intamo imhlophe, kepha ekhanda kufana nesigqoko esimnyama.

Ingwamza emhlophe enamapulangwe emhlophe entekile iwela phansi

• Ingulube yaseMelika ihlala engxenyeni eseningizimu ekhonjiswe egameni lezinhlobo, izwekazi. Lezi zinyoni azizinkulu kakhulu. Umbala weplamu nokubukeka kufana nengwamza emhlophe, ehlukile kuyo kuphela ngesimo somsila omnyama we-thymus.

Abantu asebekhulile bahlukaniswa uqhwaku oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izinyoni ezinjalo zidla eduze namachibi emathunjini esihlahla. Ukwenza kwawo ukwenziwa kunenamba elincane kakhulu (kaningi cishe izingcezu ezintathu) zamaqanda, lokho akwanele uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zezihlobo zamaqhude.

Inzalo entsha esanda kuzalwa imbozwe nge-fluff emhlophe, kuthi kuphela emva kwezinyanga ezintathu amathole ngombala kanye nesakhiwo sesinono afane nabantu abadala.

Esithombeni ingwamza yaseMelika

• Amaqhude aseMalawi abanjwe ngoboya ayinto eyivelakancane kakhulu, ecishe isengozini. Izinyoni ezinjalo zihlala, ngaphezu kwezwe elikhonjiswe egameni, eThailand, eSumatra, e-Indonesia, nakwezinye ezifana nesimo sezulu, eziqhingini nasemazweni.

Imvamisa, ngokucophelela, ngokucophelela okukhulu, baziphatha ngokucasha emehlweni abantu. Banombala okhethekile wamalahle wepeni, ubuso babo abunalutho futhi lumbozwe ngesikhumba samawolintshi kuphela, ngaphandle kwamapulangwe.

Eduze kwamehlo kukhona imibuthano ephuzi efana nezibuko. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo eziningi zezingwamza, abamele lolu hlobo bakha izidleke zobukhulu obuncane. Kuzo, kukhula amawundlu amabili kuphela kumakhi owodwa. Ngemuva kwenyanga nengxenye yokukhula, amaphuphu ale nhlobo aqala ukuzimela ngokuphelele.

Ingulube yaseMalawi eboshwe ngoboya iyindathane yomndeni

Ikati laseTurkey van. Izici, ukunakekelwa nentengo yeTurkey Van

Ngiyabonga nge-athikili, njengoba kuhlale kuthakazelisa futhi kufundisa njalo. Ngifuna ukufaka okuncane kimi. Lapho sithenga le ndlu, ngabona ukuthi endaweni eseduze okungekho okuhlala kuyo kukhona umuthi owomile ongasodwa obeka umqhele esidlekeni esikhulu sinoxhaphozi lapho. Kimi mathupha, lokhu bekungolunye uhlangothi lokuphikisana lokuthenga le ndlu. Ngakho-ke sahlala eduze komakhelwane bethu abahle - amantshontsho amhlophe, engingawabuka nsuku zonke ukusuka efasiteleni lekamelo lokudlela. Izingwamza zifika esifundeni sethu kusuka cishe ngoMashi 20 kuya ku-Ephreli 7-10. Owokuqala uhlala owesilisa futhi ngokushesha uqala umatasa ukulungisa isidleke emva kobusika. Owesifazane ujoyina naye isonto nesigamu kamuva. By endleleni, uqala ufunde ukuthi izingwamza zingumbhangqwana impilo yonke. Awukho omunye umthombo wolwazi mayelana nohlobo olunyantisayo lwezingwamza engihlangane nalo. Lonyaka omakhelwane bethu banezinkukhu ezimbili, phambilini bekukhona ezintathu, unyaka owedlule - ezinhlanu. Angazi ukuthi umndeni ofanayo noma isidleke sonyaka uba yikhaya yini kulo mbhangqwana okwazile ukuwuqala? Iduna lihlala likhulu ngokubonakalayo kunowesifazane. Kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ukubuka ukuthi umbhangqwana ubambisana kanjani bese ukhulisa amaphuphu.Ngezinsuku ezishisayo ikakhulukazi, insikazi imi emaphethelweni esidleke futhi yethule amaphiko ayo, ngaleyo ndlela idale isithunzi sentombi inyundela amaqanda. Izikhathi eziningana ngibone indlela yena ekushiseni emnika ngayo amanzi aswele uqhwaku. Kuyashukumisa futhi kuyathandeka. Lapho amachwane ekhula ubaba womndeni uxoshwa esidlekeni, insikazi kuphela ehlala ebusuku nezingane, kanti udoti ulala eduzane. Lo nyaka, ngobusuku bakhe, wakhetha i-antenna yethelevishini yomakhelwane bakhe ... embonga ngokungabi eyethu))) Cishe maphakathi no-Agasti, izinyoni ezincane sezikwazi ukundiza futhi zishiya isidleke. Ngezikhathi ezithile, omunye wabo uvakashela indlu elahliwe bese echitha ubusuku obubodwa noma eziningana lapho, kodwa ngoSepthemba bayandiza. Kuhlala kudabukisa, ngoba kusho ukuthi - ihlobo selidlulile futhi lifudumele, ngaphambi kwesimo sezulu esibi nokubanda. Kepha njalo ngonyaka ngezinsuku zokuqala zentwasahlobo ezinelanga, ngiqala ukubheka esibhakabhakeni ngibheke ngabomvu ukubuya komakhelwane bethu. Futhi lapho befika kimi kuyiholide elincane, ngoba baletha intwasahlobo ngamaphiko abo ....)

Indaba ethokozisayo kakhulu, ngiyabonga uJulia, kuhle ukukhuluma nawe, ubhale ezinye izindaba zakho.

Isihloko esithandekayo. Bengingazi ukuthi izingwamza ziyizinyoni ezinyanyayo. Kungani kunempi yezidleke enjalo entwasahlobo?
Bengifuna ukuyixoxa indaba yami, yaqala ngonyaka ka-2011. Esengadini endaweni engomakhelwane kaphayini omkhulu oshisiwe (ngemuva komlilo) uphayini, omakhelwane benza indawo yokuhlala izidleke. Ngentwasahlobo yango-2012, izimpi zezinyoni zokudla isidleke zaqala, ngenxa yalokho, umndeni wezingwamza wazinza lapho.
Ngeseluleko komakhelwane, ukuze ngiyeke ukulwa, nginqume ukwakha indawo yokuhlala endaweni yami, ngoba kunesiphundu esikhulu. Unqume phezulu kwesihlahla namagatsha aseduzane, wahlanganisa ukubekwa phansi

1x1 m., Wenziwe ngamagatsha njengesidleke. Sekuyiminyaka eyi-5, kepha umbhangqwana omusha endaweni yokunikeza izidleke awukaze uzinze, mhlawumbe izidleke zisondele kakhulu, cishe ngamamitha angama-70.
Kodwa-ke, ngonyaka wokuqala, izinyoni zahudula cishe wonke amagatsha zisuka esidlekeni sazo kimi. Isisekelo esinjalo sezinto zokwakha. Bekumele ngibuyisele.
Eminyakeni eyedlule, bekukhona amaphuphu ama-2, leli elilodwa 3. Lapho amachwane esekhulile, omunye "wabazali" ulala endaweni yokudlela, manje womabili alale.
UJulayi 2 wabuka isithombe esijabulisayo. "Mama" ngamachwane amathathu uhleli esidlekeni sakhe. Ngalesi sikhathi, kufika umbhangqwana omusha futhi uhlala emhlabathini wethu wokudlela. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, “lomama” bavele esidlekeni, bandizela endaweni yezidleke, baxoshe “abangabazi” bahlale phansi. Omunye "ongaziwa" wenza iziyingi ezimbalwa namakhanda esidlekeni namachwane. "Mama" uphonsa isidleke abuyele ezinganeni. Lo “mbhangqwana omusha” ubuyela endaweni esidlekeni. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, konke kuyaphinda. Futhi ngakho-ke, mhlawumbe, izikhathi ezi-5,6, aze afike “ubaba womndeni” futhi waxosha “abangabazi” ngokuphelele. "Abafokazi" balahlekelwe kalula, entwasahlobo ama-skirmish abucayi kakhulu. Nansi "inkundla yezindiza eyisipele." Njengabantu, bawine isikhala esengeziwe sokuhlala.
Isihawu, izinyoni ezinhle.

Ngiyabonga ngendaba ethokozisayo, Vasily, uma uzongitshela!

Futhi, umbhangqwana wethu, kuvela ukuthi, kulo nyaka nawo wawunamachwane amathathu, kodwa eyodwa ... azikhipha esidlekeni ((mhlawumbe wayebuthakathaka kunabanye noma wagula. Indodana yomakhelwane yamthatha yamngcwaba, kamuva nje ngathola ngakho. Ukulwa esidlekeni, mayelana owabhalwa uVasily, ngiphinde ngabona ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi ihlasela elilodwa, kwesinye isikhathi umbhangqwana, kodwa ngake ngabona "ukuhlaselwa" okukhulu esidlekeni - izinyoni eziyisishiyagalolunye (.) zahlasela lo mbhangqwana ngasikhathi sinye. Ezazikudinga kwakuyimfumbe. ngangokunokwenzeka futhi bagcina benqobile. Yebo, futhi ne-terry eyengeziwe U-Oriya, okukhulunywa ngaye uVasily, ngicabanga ukuthi izinyoni ziyakudinga ukujwayela amachwane ukuzimela ngakolunye uhlangothi, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi ukuze zizigcine zikulawula ngokuzibona zivela esihlahleni esingumakhelwane. Amachwane ethu aseqalile ukufunda ukundiza - gxuma isidleke futhi asakaze amaphiko awo Maduze nje, kuzodingeka banqobe ibanga elikhulu baye endaweni ebusika ... ngokudabukisayo - isidleke sethu "sethu" ngeke sibe nalutho kuze kube unyaka olandelayo.

Ungapheli amandla, Julia, ngithemba ukuthi izinyoni zizindiza futhi zikujabulise ngokuba khona kwazo! Ngiyabonga ngezindaba ezithokozisayo ngezilwane, ngangihlala ngizifunda ngenjabulo!

Namuhla ekuseni ngibone isigaxa egcekeni, sikhulu futhi sihle, kepha abafana abayiziwula baqala ukulandela yena wabe esebaleka

Namuhla? NgoNovemba. Inyoni empofu, uma ingazange indize ebusika ihlangene nezihlobo zayo ngaphandle kosizo lwabantu, akunakwenzeka ukuthi isinde ebusika (((ngiyamzwela.)

Ingulube iyinyoni enhle enhle, ngiyakuthanda ukubuka ukundiza kwabo!

Ngabe iqiniso ngamanqina ukuthi lapho abazali bawo asebekhulile bengakwazi ukundiza bondliwa yizingane zabo?

Angizwanga ngaleli Arthur, ngokweqiniso angazi. Mhlawumbe othile uzokutshela impendulo evela kubavakashi.

Siphila esifundeni saseLeningrad, futhi izingwamza nazo ziyandiza kithi. Umfowethu wanquma ukusika esihlahleni somuthi abenzele isidleke. Ngonyaka wokuqala, benza isisekelo esicacile, izingwamza zazicabanga ukuthi zizakhela isidleke, kepha zindiza nje ngaphandle kokwenza lutho. Hhayi-ke-ke, umfowethu nobaba wabenzela isidleke esihle futhi ngonyaka olandelayo lo mbhangqwana bahlala futhi baletha amaphuphu amane. Futhi manje minyaka yonke beza kithi. Kwesinye isikhathi kube nezimpi ezesabekayo, njengoba kuchaziwe kumazwana angenhla ... Lo nyaka sinezinyoka ezinhlanu, manje wonke umuntu uyandiza (futhi munye, omncane kunabo bonke, usaba ukundiza, sikhathazekile ngaye, angifuni ukugxuma). Ngokuvamile, abantu abaningi bamelene nezidleke, bathi zingcolile ezivela ezinyoni. .. Futhi ngiyavuma ukuthi lezi yizinyoni ezinhle nezikhanyayo futhi ziletha injabulo!

Ngiyabonga Jan ngendaba yakho, kunokuningi ukungcola okuvela kubantu, ngakho-ke ungalaleli muntu futhi usize izinyoni, le yinto enhle!

Isimilo esivamile

Ingwamza emhlophe yiyona edume kakhulu kumaqhude. Le yinyoni emhlophe enamaphiko amnyama ophela, intamo ende, emide, iqonde, iqonde ngomlomo obomvu nemilenze emide ebomvu. Lapho amaphiko kagwababa asongwe, kubonakala sengathi wonke umkhondo wesikhumba sombala umnyama. Kungakho igama laso lase-Ukraine - Chernoguz. Izinsikazi zingahlukeki ngombala kusuka kwabesilisa, kodwa ngandlela thile. Ukukhula kwesquork emhlophe kungamasentimitha ayi-100-125, amaphiko okuyi-155-200 cm. Isisindo senyoni endala sifinyelela ku-4 kg. Isikhathi sokuphila kwengquza emhlophe sibhekise eminyakeni engama-20. Ngaphandle, umdumbuli waseMpumalanga Ekude ubukeka njengengulube emhlophe, kepha muva nje kuye kwabhekwa njengezinhlobo ezihlukile. Ingwamza emhlophe ingenye yezimpawu zaseBelarus.

Ukusatshalaliswa

Imbungulu emhlophe ihlala eYurophu nase-Asia. E-Europe, uhla lwayo lusuka enyakatho luye eningizimu yeSweden kanye nesifunda seLeningrad, empumalanga kuye eSmolensk, eBryansk naseLipetsk, futhi eminyakeni yamuva nje, uhla belulokhu lunwebeka ngasempumalanga. Ubusika eNdiya, e-Afrika esishisayo. Inani labantu bezingwamza ezihlala eningizimu ye-Afrika selizinzile. Futhi, ezinye izingwamza ezihlala eNtshonalanga Yurophu, ezindaweni ezinobusika obufudumele kakhulu, azindiza ziye ebusika. Ngokubusika, amaqhude amhlophe andiza ezindleleni ezimbili. Izinyoni ezihlala entshonalanga yoMfula i-Elbe zinqamula eStrait of Gibraltar futhi zihlala ebusika e-Afrika phakathi kweSahara namahlathi emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo. Izingwamza ezidla empumalanga ye-Elbe zindiza zidlula e-Asia Minor nase-Israel futhi ziyaqhubeka nokugcina ubusika eMpumalanga Afrika phakathi kweSouth Sudan neNingizimu Afrika. Ezinye izingwamza zihlala e-Ethiopia naseNingizimu Arabia. Kuzo zonke izindawo zobusika, amantshontsho amhlophe aqoqana ngemihlambi eyinkulungwane. Izinyoni ezincane ezingagugi kwesinye isikhathi zihlala e-Afrika ihlobo lonke. Amaqhude enza indiza ebusika phakathi nosuku. Zindiza phezulu, zihlala zindiza. Ukuze benze lokhu, bakhetha izindlela ezilula kakhulu zokusebenzisa amagama ngendlela efanele. Izingulube zigwema ukundiza phezu kolwandle.

Izwi

Ingwamza endala emhlophe inezwi elikhulu lapho lo mbhangqwana uhlangana, ucofa uqhwaku lwawo. Imichilo yesigaxa esimhlophe futhi imemeza ngamazwi afanayo nokukhanywa kwamakati.

Ngokuchofoza uqhwaku lwayo, ibhuxu liphonsa ikhanda emuva futhi lidonsa ulimi lwalo, lenze umgodi womlomo oqabulayo oqinisa umsindo. Ukuchofoza kogongolo ngendlela ehlukile kucishe kwangena esikhundleni sokuxhumana kwezwi lodolofu.

Ukuhlenga kanye nokuvuselelwa kwezingwamza ezisosizini

Amantshontsho amhlophe ayinyoni ezikhanyayo kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yalokho avame ukubamba iso lomuntu endaweni ahlala kuyo.Izingulube zivame ukuhlupheka ngokuxhumana nezintambo zikagesi bese ziyafa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zivame ukuwela ezandleni zomuntu lapho zingakwazi ukufinyelela endaweni ebusika. Izinyoni ziba buthaka, bese-ke, ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, iqhwa. Izinyoni ezinjalo zihlala zivakashela emapulazini asemakhaya, lapho abantu abanezinhliziyo ezinomusa bezondla khona, bezichaza ngokweqile, zilinde intwasahlobo ukuba zibadedele ziye endle. Kodwa-ke, izinyoni ezilimele kwesinye isikhathi kufanele zisebenze ezindaweni zokuvuselela umzimba, bese zenza umsebenzi wezokwelapha okuhloswe ngawo ukubuyisa imisebenzi yezitho ezilimele. Izikhungo ezinjalo zokuvuselela kabusha eRussia yilezi: isikhungo sokuvuselela kabusha i-Association of bird Lovers (iSt. Petersburg), indawo yokuhlala kabusha "Izinyoni Ngaphandle Kwamingcele" eqanjwe ngemuva kuka-A.. Kuindzhi (Isifunda saseRyazan), isikhungo sokuvuselelwa kwezilwane "iRomashka" (Isifunda saseTver), isikhungo sokuvuselela " IPhoenix ”(Kaluga), isikhungo sokuhlumelelisa eSmolensk Lake District National Park. Ukuze kudonsele ukunaka kwesibalo sabantu kuma-storks abasenkingeni, i-Russian Association of bird Lovers yakhetha ugwababa njengenyoni ka-2014.

Nakani!

Njengoba isidalwa esinemibala emhlophe sitholakala eYurophu nase-Asia, lapho ebusika izinga lokushisa lisahla impela, ibhuku likhetha “ukuvakashela” izwekazi lase-Afrika. I-India ayidonseki kangako, lapho kugcinwa khona isimo sezulu esihle kakhulu ebusika.

Vele, izinyoni ezazihlala emazweni ase-Afrika noma aseNingizimu Melika zithanda ubusika endaweni yazo, ngaphandle kwendiza.

Izinhlobo

Njengoba sekushiwo, lolu hlobo lunezinhlobo eziyishumi nambili zamasele. Yize bona, bebonke, banezici ezifanayo, kukhona umehluko othile kwekhava lensipho nosayizi. Ake sibhekisise izinhlobo ezimbalwa eziyisisekelo zezinyoni, nezithombe zezingwamza zizosiza ukuqonda kangcono ukufana kwazo.

Izinhlobo eziningi kakhulu zingabhekwa njengengulube emhlophe. Inyoni endala ikhula ibe amasentimitha ayi-120, futhi inesisindo esingamakhilogremu amane ngalesi sikhathi. Umzimba umhlophe, futhi kuphela uqhwaku nemilenze kusale kubomvu. “Ukuhlangana” kwamaphiko kumnyama, okudala ukubukeka okungajwayelekile lapho kugoqwa.

Le nyoni itholakala ezweni lonke lase-Europe, ikakhulukazi eBelarus. Ngale ndlela, yilapho ugwayi lwathola khona uphawu. Imvamisa, izidleke zensangu emhlophe zitholakala eduze kwezindlu, okubonisa ubudlelwane bokuthembana nabantu.

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

Photo: White Stork

I-White Stork (Ciconia ciconia). Ama-ciconiiformes amaningi Umndeni we-Stork. URod Storks. Izinhlobo White Stork. Umndeni wamantshontsho ufaka izinhlobo eziyi-12 kanye nohlobo oluyisithupha. Lo mndeni ungokuhleleka kwezinyoni ze-ankle. Ngokusho kwedatha yesayensi, amabele okuqala aphila ngesikhathi se-Upper Eocene. Ezinye zezinsalela zakudala kakhulu zeCiconiiformes zitholwe ososayensi eFrance. Umndeni wezingwamza wafinyelela inani eliphakeme kakhulu lokwehlukahlukana ngesikhathi se-Oligocene.

Ngokusobala, ngalezo zinsuku, izimo ezithandeka kakhulu zazenzelwe impilo nentuthuko yezinyoni zalolu hlobo. Emhlabeni wanamuhla kunokuchazwa kwezakhi ezingama-9 zezinto eziphilayo, kanye nezinhlobo ezingama-30. Ezinye izinhlobo zezingwamza ezikhona ezweni lanamuhla zaziphila ngesikhathi se-Eocene. Futhi izinhlobo ezingama-7 zanamuhla ziyaziwa kusukela esikhathini sePleistocene.

Igama elithi "unogolantethe" lavelaphi?

Umsuka wegama "stork" awuzange usungulwe ngokuqinisekile, ngakho-ke kunezinguqulo eziningi zokuvela kwawo. Amagama okwazisa atholakala ezilimini zakudala zaseSanskrit, Old Russian, Germany, izilimi zamaSlavic. Uhlobo olusezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu lokuguqulwa kwegama lesiJalimane elithi “Heister”, kwezinye izindawo eJalimane igama elithi magpie. Ngokunokwenzeka, igama laguqulwa lahunyushwa ukuthi yi- “Geister”, laphinde lahunyushelwa ku- “Stork”. Kunzima ukuthola ukufana phakathi kwe-magpie ne-stork, uphawu lwawo kuphela oluhlobene umbala webala. Kungacatshangwa ukuthi lilele ngesisekelo segama logwababa. Ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zeRussia, i-Ukraine neBelarus, kunamagama ahlukahlukene ale ndawo ngale nyoni: i-bushel, butol, busko, batan, chernoguz, leleka, manto, geister, botsun nabanye.Ngaphezu kwalokho, umdumba ubizwa ngamagama abantu: u-Ivan, uGritsko, uVasil, uYasha.

Ividiyo: I-White Stork

Kuyaziwa ukuthi izingwamza zakudala zazikhudlwana kaningi kunezinyoni zesimanje, futhi futhi ziyehluka kancane kwizinyoni zesimanje ekwakhekeni komzimba nendlela yazo yokuphila. Ingwamza emhlophe yanamuhla inyoni enkulu enombala omhlophe. Emaphikweni kukhona umphetho omnyama. Ngemuva kwesidumbu somzimba nako kumnyama. Izinsikazi azifani ngokubukeka kwabesilisa. Ubukhulu benyoni bungamasentimitha ayi-125. Amaphiko aqukethe cishe amasentimitha angama-200. Isisindo somzimba wenyoni cishe singama-4 kg.

Uhlobo lweCiconia lwachazwa okokuqala ngusosayensi weSecurity uCarl Linnaeus ngo-1758. UCarl Linnaeus waqala washo le nhlobo ohlelweni olulodwa lokuhlukanisa izitshalo nezilwane.

Zihlala kuphi izingwamza

Izingulube ezimhlophe zihlala kulo lonke elaseYurophu naseAsia. Le indawo enkulu. Eminyakeni yamuva, ibanga seliguqukele empumalanga.

Ubusika, ugwababa omhlophe bandizela e-Afrika noma eNdiya. Izakhamuzi ezihlala e-Afrika nase Ntshonalanga Yurophu azibaleki ziyothatha ubusika, ngoba ubusika kulezi zindawo bufudumele.

Ezindaweni zobusika izinyoni zibuthana emihlambini eminingi, ehlanganisa izinkulungwane zabantu. Izinyoni ezincane zingahlala e-Afrika kulo lonke ubusika. Indiza iwela amahora emini. Zindiza ngobude obukhulu, ngenkathi zihambahamba. Kulokhu, izindawo ezintofontofo ezinobuntu ziyabakholisa. Kufakwe imizila yokugwema ulwandle.

Ukubukeka nezimpawu

Isithombe: Inyoni emhlophe ye-Stork

Ingwamza yenyoni icishe imhlophe ngokuphelele. Emaphikweni nasekhaleni elincanyana kukhona uqeqegu lwezimpaphe ezimnyama, lubonakala kakhulu ngenkathi indiza inyoni. Lapho inyoni imi, kubonakala sengathi ingemuva lenyoni imnyama, ngenxa yokuthi amaphiko agoqwa. Ngenkathi yokuzalela, amaplamu ale nyoni angaba nombala opinki. Inyoni inomlomo omkhulu, okhomba, futhi uqhwaku. Intamo ende. Ikhanda lenyoni lincane ngosayizi. Eduze kwamehlo, isikhumba esimnyama esingenalutho siyabonakala. Iris imnyama.

Ingxenye enkulu yeplamu lenyoni izimpaphe nezimpaphe ezimboze ihlombe lenyoni. Kunezimpaphe ezinde entanyeni nasesifubeni sale nyoni, uma inyoni iphazamiseka, iyayikhotha. Futhi izimpaphe zabesilisa ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwemidlalo. Umsila uyindilinga omncane.Uqhwaku nemilenze yenyoni ibomvu. Imilenze yezingwamza ezimhlophe ayinalutho. Ngenkathi ihamba emhlabathini, ibhungane kancane linikina ikhanda. Esidlekeni naphansi kungenzeka ime ngomlenze owodwa isikhathi esithile.

Ukundiza kwengulube kungumbono obonakalayo. Le nyoni inyukela kalula emoyeni ngaphandle kwamaphiko ayo. Ngesikhathi sokufika, le nyoni icindezela kakhulu amaphiko ayo kuye futhi yelule imilenze yayo phambili. Izingwamza ziyizinyoni ezifudukayo, futhi zihamba kalula amabanga amade. Izinyoni ikakhulukazi zixhumana ngomlomo ngokuqhekeka kwezindebe. Lapho inyoni icofa uqhwaku lwayo, iphonsa ikhanda emuva futhi yelula ulimi lwayo, lokho kuchofoza kuzongena esikhundleni sokuxhumana ngezwi. Kwezinye izikhathi bangenza imisindo yokumemeza. Izingwamza zingalali isikhathi eside kanti ngokwesilinganiso, amantshontsho amhlophe ahlala iminyaka engaba ngu-20.

Izindatshana

I-Ornithologists ayinayo intshisakalo ethile endaweni yokuhlala kwengwamza emhlophe, kodwa ekukhetheni kwendawo isidleke sayo. Noma ngekhulu le-XIX, kwaqashelwa isici esimangazayo salezi zinyoni - ngaphambi kokwakha isidleke, ingwamza ibuka abantu isikhathi eside.

Maqondana nalesi sici, ngisho nenkolelo yazalwa ukuthi uma kuvela isidleke sogodo emzaneni, lokhu kungaletha ukuchuma nentokozo kubahlali. Amacala aqoshwe lapho kutholakala izidleke ngisho nophahla lwezakhiwo ezinamakamelo amaningi. Abantu abathola indawo yokuhlala abathukuthelwanga, kepha, kunalokho, bajabule. Kwesinye isikhathi zibuye zilungiselele imishanguzo ukuze inyoni ihlale ophahleni lwayo.

Ahlala kuphi amantshontsho amhlophe?

Photo: White Stork in Flight

Amantshontsho amhlophe wohlobo lwasemazweni aseYurophu ahlala kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Ukusuka ePeninsula yase-Iberia kuya eCaucasus kanye nemizi yaseVolga. Amantshontsho amhlophe angatholakala e-Estonia nasePortugal, eDenmark naseSweden, eFrance naseRussia. Ngenxa yokuhlala kabusha kwezinyoni zalolu hlobo, izingwamza zaqala ukuhlangana emadolobheni asentshonalanga ye-Asia, eMorocco, e-Algeria naseTunisia. Futhi izingwamza zingatholakala eTranscaucasia. Lezi zinyoni zivame ubusika lapho.Ezweni lethu, izingwamza isikhathi eside zazihlala indawo yesifunda saseKaliningrad.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, lezi zinyoni zaqala ukuhlala esifundeni saseMoscow. Kamuva, izingwamza zahlala ezweni lonke. Ukuhlelwa kabusha kwezinyoni kwenzeka ngamaza. Ikakhulu kakhulu, izingwamza zaqala ukuthuthukisa amasimu amasha ngo-1980-1990. Okwamanje, izingwamza zihlala ezweni lethu lonke, ngaphandle kwamadolobha asenyakatho. E-Ukraine, indawo yokuhlala kwezingwamza imboza isifunda iDonetsk neLugansk, eCrimea neFeodosia. ETurkmenistan, lolu hlobo lubanzi e-Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan naseKazakhstan. Izazi zezilwane zezilwane zabona nendawo yokwakha izidleke eningizimu ye-Afrika.

Izingwe yizinyoni ezifudukayo. Bacitha ihlobo ezindaweni ezejwayelekile, kanti ekwindla izinyoni ziyahamba ziye ebusika emazweni afudumele. Isikhathi esiningi i-European subspecies isebusika ema-savannah asuka eSahara aye eCameroon. Imvamisa, izidleke zamakhaza ebusika zihlala eduzane neLake Chad, eduze kwemifula yeSenegal neNiger. Ama-Storks ahlala engxenyeni esempumalanga achitha ubusika e-Afrika, eNhlonhlo yeSomalia e-Ethiopia naseSudan. Futhi, lezi zinyoni zitholakala eNdiya, Thailand. Izikhathi zemvelo zaseNtshonalanga ebusika eSpain, ePortugal, e-Armenia. Izingwamza ezihlala ezweni lethu zivame kakhulu ubusika eDagestan, e-Armenia, kepha izinyoni ezinemigodi ezweni lethu ziye zabonwa e-Ethiopia, Kenya, eSudan nase-Afrika.

Ngesikhathi sokufuduka, izingwamza azithandi ukundiza phezu kolwandle. Ezindizeni, bazama ukukhetha izindlela zomhlaba. Okokuphila nokudla isidleke, imidlwane njengabahlali abajwayelekile bezindawo ezivulekile bakhetha izindawo ezinama-biotypes amvula. Izingulube zihlala emaceleni, emadlelweni, emasimini aniselwa. Kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala kuma-savannah kanye nama-steppes.

Manje usuyazi ukuthi ihlala kuphi ingwamza emhlophe. Masibone ukuthi udlani.

Ziphila kanjani izingwamza?

Lezi zinyoni azihlangani emhlambini, futhi zivame ukuchitha izimpilo zazo zodwa, nenqwaba yamaqembu amancane. Ngesikhathi sokundiza, izingwamza zingalala imizuzu eyi-15 ukuya kwengama-20, futhi ngenxa yokuzwa okuhle kakhulu, azilahleki futhi aziphambuki emhlambini omkhulu.

I-Stork - incazelo, incazelo, isithombe. Zibukeka kanjani izingwamza?

Izikhumba zezinyoni ezinkulu. Uhlobo olukhulu kunazo zonke kuhlobo lweCiconia uhlobo oluhlaza oluhlaza. Ubude bomzimba bobesilisa nowesifazane bube yi-110 cm, amaphiko afinyelela ku-220 cm, kanti isisindo singama-3,6 kg. Enye yezinhlobo ezincane, ugwababa onamhlophe, unesisindo esingama-1 kg, futhi ubude bawo bomzimba bu-73 cm.

Uqhwaku lomshudo mude, ubude bekhanda buye kabili, futhi linobume obunjiweyo. Kungaba iqonde noma igobe kancane phezulu (njengesikhumba esiseMpumalanga Ekude). Ngokwesisekelo mude futhi mkhulu, ubukhali ekugcineni, kuvalwe ngokuqinile. Ulimi lubushelelezi, lubukhali futhi, uma luqhathaniswa noqhwaku, lincane. Imifantu yempondo imincane kakhulu, ivulekile ngqo uphondo, ngaphandle kokuvela kanye nemisele. Umbala uqhwaku kubantu abadala bezinhlobo eziningi ubomvu. Ingwamza emnyama ekhokhwayo imnyama. Ezinyoni ezincane, okuphambene kuyiqiniso: amachwane amnyama anombala omnyama aneqhwaku elibomvu noma lewolintshi, nakumathole ezinye izinhlobo, imilomo emnyama.

I-iris yezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamantshontsho ibomvu, nsundu noma imhlophe. Ekhanda, iplamu alukho ku-chin, ibhuloho nesikhumba eduze kwamehlo. Intamo yezinyoni yinde ngokulingana. Isimo sisimo lapho intamo igoba kakhulu emuva, ikhanda liqondiswa phambili, kanti uqhwaku luphumula phakathi kwezimpaphe ezimpaphe. Endaweni ye-goiter, izimpaphe zinde, ziyaqina.

Izingwamza zinomoya wesibeletho womlomo wesibeletho ogcwele umoya, ngoba zixhunyaniswe emagumbini endawo. Lezi zikhwama zincanyana, zitholakala ngaphansi kwesikhumba futhi zilele ezinhlangothini zentamo ezansi kwekhanda. Uhlelo lwesikhwama ludala igebe lomoya phakathi kwesikhumba nemisipha.

Izimpiko zezingulube zinde, ziyindilinga, izimpaphe zazo zakhiwa izimpaphe ezingama-3-5. Izimpaphe zangaphakathi ephikweni zinde. Lapho zigoqwa, zifinyelela ubude bezimpaphe eziyinhloko.

Endizeni, izingwamza zikhuphuka ngaphezu komhlaba. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokubonga ngokuhlangana okukhethekile kwamathambo entambo yamahlombe kanye nokwakheka kwephiko ngesingalo esiphakeme nasemahlombe amafushane. Lezi zici zimpawu zezinyoni ezinkulu ezikhuphukayo, kufaka phakathi izinyoni ezidla inyama.Esiphondweni somunwe wokuqala wesandla kukhona uzipho.

Indiza ekhuphukayo ibuye ibe yinto yezinyoni ezinjengezokhozi, okhozi lwegolide, amakhayithi, amabala, izimbungulu, izimbotshana.

Umsila wezingwamza zilingana ngobude, ziqonde, ziyindilinga kancane e-apex. Inezimpaphe eziyi-12 zomsila.

Izinyawo zezinyoni zingemuva kakhulu. I-metatarsus icishe ilingane nobude be-tibia. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-tibia kanye namathambo we-metatarsal kuhlelwe ngendlela yokuthi ukuphuma kwekhanda lethambo le-tibial kungena endaweni yokuphumula etholakala ekhanda le-metatarsal, futhi i-ligament ekhethekile ilungisa lokhu kuxhumana, ivimbele amathambo ukuba angawi. Umphumela uba isikhundla esiqinile somlenze ophakeme, ubambe umzimba ngokususelekileyo, ngaphandle kokusebenza kwemisipha. Ngenxa yalokhu, umhluzi, njengoba unikeze ukulinganisela komzimba, ungama amahora amaningi emlenzeni owodwa, ngenkathi ungakhathali ngokuphelele. Ukwakheka kwemilenze kubangela ukunyakaza okubonakalayo - ukuhamba kancane nokuthamba kwe gait.

Izinzwani zezingwamza zimfushane. Ngayinye kukhona isheya elincane lesikhumba. Iminwe yangaphambili ixhunywe esisekelweni yi-membrane encane enesikhumba, kanti umunwe ongemuva owenziwe usetshenziselwa ukusekela phansi. Lesi sakhiwo seminwe sibonisa ukuthi unogolantazi kunzima ukuhamba ezindaweni ezinamathuku, futhi uwela emhlabathini kanzima. I-tibia ayisekelwa ngaphezu kwengxenye yesithathu yobude bayo. Ingxenye engenalutho ye-tibia nawo wonke ama-metatarsus ambozwe ngamapuleti amancane abumbene. Izipikili zibanzi, ziyisicaba ngokusobala.

Umbala wezingwamza awuhlukile kakhulu futhi uqukethe imibala emnyama nomhlophe. Umbala omnyama ungaba ne-tint eluhlaza noma yensimbi. Umbala wezinyoni ezincane uhlukile kancane kubantu abadala kancane. Akukho mehluko kumbala wesilisa nowesifazane, kanye noshintsho lombala ngesizini. Amantshontsho amadada ane-grey fluff; kubantu abadala, i-fluff imhlophe noma i-grey.

Abamele lolu hlobo lweCiconia abanalo izwi, ngoba bancishwa i-syrinx (i-vocal organ of bird) nemisipha yayo. Esikhundleni sokuklabalasa, ingwamza ichofoza uqhwaku lwayo, okungukuthi, ishaya imihlathi yayo. Amantshontsho amhlophe (Ciconia ciconia) futhi uyazi ukuthi kufanele enze njani. Amantshontsho amnyama (Ciconia nigra) akuvamile ukuqhuma ngomlomo wabo: izwi labo linjengokukhwehlela noma ukukhala. Imichilo yezingwamza iyakwazi ukukhonkotha, ukukhala, ukukhala nokukhala komphimbo.

Zidlani izingwamza ezimhlophe?

Isithombe: I-White Stork eRussia

Umsoco wezingwamza uhluke kakhulu.

Ukudla kogwayi kufaka:

• isibungu
• isikhonyane, izintethe,
• ama-arthropods ahlukahlukene
• crayfish nenhlanzi
• izinambuzane
• amasele nezinyoka.

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izingwamza zingadla izinyoka ezinobuthi futhi eziyingozi ngaphandle kokulimaza impilo yazo.

Izingulube kwesinye isikhathi zingazondla ngezilwane ezincane ezinjengamagundane kanye nonogwaja abancane. Izingulube ziyizinyoni ezidla inyama, ubukhulu benyamazane incike kuphela emandleni okulugwinya. Izinkukhu azephuli futhi azikwazi ukuhlafuna inyamazane. Bayiginya iphelele. Eduze kwechibi, izingwamza zithanda ukuhlanza inyamazane yazo ngaphambi kokudla, ngakho-ke kulula kakhulu ukugwinya. Ngokufanayo, izingwamza zigeza amasele omiswe kusilika nesihlabathi. Izingwamza ziqhekeza izingxenye zokudla ezingafakwanga ngendlela yama-grebes. Ama-grebes anjalo akhiwa ngaphezulu kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, futhi aqukethe uboya, izinsalela zezinambuzane, nezikali zezinhlanzi.

Izinyamazane zizingela eduze nezidleke zazo emahlathini, emadlelweni nasezixhaphozini. Izingulube ziyizinyoni ezinkulu, futhi ngokuphila okujwayelekile, izinyoni ezithunjiwe zidinga amagremu okudla angama-300 ehlobo, namagremu angama-500 okudla ebusika. Endle, izinyoni zidla ukudla okwengeziwe, ngoba ukuzingela nezindiza ezinde kunamandla amakhulu. Izingwamza zidla cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngokwesilinganiso, amaqhude ngezinsikazi ezimbili ngosuku adla cishe ama-5,000 kJ wamandla atholakele ekudleni. Ukudla okuzuzisa kakhulu nokufanelekile kwama-storks ngamagundane amancane nezinye izidladla.

Ngokuya ngesikhathi sonyaka nendawo yokuhlala, ukudla kwenyoni kungashintsha. Kwezinye izindawo, izinyoni zidonsa isikhonyane esiningi nezinambuzane ezinamaphiko, kwezinye izindawo ukudla kungaqukatha amagundane nama-amphibians. Ngesikhathi sokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, izingwamza azinakho ukushoda kokudla futhi zisheshe zikuthole ukudla kwazo endaweni entsha.

Ukuhlanza Izingulube

Ukuhlanza kwenzeka emabhukwini kanye ngonyaka futhi kugcina kancane.Kunoma iyiphi inyanga yonyaka ungathola izimpaphe ezintsha nokubhoboza, zombili ezinamacala amakhulu nezinkulu. Ezihlubeni ezifudukayo, izimpaphe zishintsha ngokushesha okukhulu.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Isithombe: Inyoni emhlophe ye-Stork

Izingulube ziyizinyoni ezolile. Esikhathini esingazalisiwe hlala emaphaketheni. Izinyoni ezingazalanisi nazo zigcina emaphaketheni. Abantu abavuthiwe bakha ngababili. Ngesikhathi sokudlekwa kwezidalwa, ngababili abesilisa nabesilisa; lezi zimbambo zihlala isikhathi eside. Izingulube zakha izidleke ezinkulu, ezinkulu futhi ngezinye izikhathi zingabuya ziye kubo emva kokudlula ubusika. Imvamisa izingulube zihlala eduze kwezindlu zabantu. Zama ukusondela echibini. Izinyoni zakha izidleke zazo ezakhiweni ezenziwe ngabantu. Ezindlini nasezisekelweni, emibhoshongweni. Kwesinye isikhathi bangahle bahlele isidleke esihlahleni eside esine-sawn noma umqhele ophukile. Izinyoni zihlala emazweni afudumele.

Esikhathini esiningi, izingwamza zifuna ukudla ukuze zizondle zona kanye nenzalo yazo. Amasele ayasebenza emini, ebusuku alala kakhulu. Yize kwenzeka ukuthi izingwamza zidla amazinyane ebusuku. Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, inyoni ihamba kancane otshanini nasemanzini angajulile, ngezikhathi ezithile yehlisa ijubane, futhi ikwazi ukuphonsa ngokubukhali. Kwesinye isikhathi izinyoni nazo zingabuka inyamazane yazo. Ziyakwazi ukubamba izinambuzane, izinyoka kanye nemidlwane epheshaneni, kepha ikakhulukazi zithola ukudla phansi, emanzini. Izingulube ziyakwazi ukubamba izinhlanzi ngomlomo wazo.

Ngokwesilinganiso, ngesikhathi sokuzingela, amantshontsho ahamba ngejubane elingaba ngu-2 km / h. Izingwamza zithola inyamazane yazo ngokubuka. Kwesinye isikhathi lezi zinyoni zingadla izilwane ezincane nezinhlanzi ezifile. Izingwamza zingatholakala nasezindlini zokufa komhlaba kanye nezinyoni zasolwandle kanye namaqhude. Lezi zinyoni zingondla zodwa kanye nasemhlambini wonke. Imvamisa ezindaweni lapho izinyoni zifihle khona, ezindaweni ezicebile ngokudla okuhlukahlukene, iziqu zezingwamza zingatholakala lapho kukhona amashumi ezinkulungwane zabantu. Lapho izinyoni zidla izikole, zizizwa zivikelekile futhi zingazitholela ukudla okwengeziwe.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Isithombe: Ama-White Stork Chick

Amantshontsho amhlophe ayakwazi ukuzalanisa eneminyaka eyi-3-7 yeminyaka. Kepha noma kunjalo, iningi lalezi zinyoni zizalela eneminyaka eyi-7. Lezi zinyoni ziyizinto ezithandanayo, ngazimbili zenzelwe isikhathi sezidleke. Imvamisa entwasahlobo iduna lokuqala lindizela esidlekeni, noma lihlele. Amafomu enjoloba esidlekeni. Uma ezinye izingwamza, eyeduna, isondela esidlekeni, iqala ukuyixosha ngomlomo, iphonsa ikhanda emuva futhi izimpaphe. Lapho isondela esidlekeni sowesifazane, ibhungane liyayibingelela. Uma owesilisa esondela esidlekeni, umnikazi wesidleke uyamxosha, noma inyoni ingahlala esidlekeni sayo, welulele amaphiko ayo ezinhlangothini, avale indlu yayo kwezivakashi ezingamenywanga.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Ngaphambi kokudala umndeni, izingwamza zenza imidanso yangempela yokuzalelana, zenza imisindo ehlukile futhi zishayela amaphiko azo.

Isidleke sogogo ukwakhiwa okukhulu kwamahlumela, amahlumela nezitshalo zomquba. Beka ukubumbeka okufakwe ngaphakathi nge-moss ethambile, utshani noboya. Isidleke sale nyoni sekuphele iminyaka eminingi sidla, futhi kwesinye isikhathi sisetshenziselwa ukuhlakanipha kwaso. Imvamisa insikazi yokuqala, kuthi lapho indizela esidlekeni, iba inkosikazi yayo. Kodwa-ke, isenzeko esijwayelekile umzabalazo phakathi kwabesifazane. Abesifazane abaningana bangandizela esidlekeni esisodwa, umzabalazo ungaqala phakathi kwabo nowokuwina futhi ongahlala esidlekeni ube ngumama.

I-Oviposition yenzeka entwasahlobo. Imvamisa ngasekupheleni kuka Mashi - Ephreli, kuya ngesimo sezulu. Insikazi ibekela amaqanda ngokuphumula kwezinsuku eziningana. Insikazi ibekela amaqanda asukela ku-1 kuya ku-7. Uhlanganisa amaqanda ndawonye. Isikhathi sokufakwa ngaphakathi sithatha izinsuku ezingama-34. Amakati azalwa engenakusiza ngokuphelele. Okokuqala, abazali ubondla nge-Earthworms. Amakati ababambe, noma aqoqe ukudla okuwile kusuka phansi esidlekeni. Ababelethi bawaqapha amantshontsho abo futhi bavikele isidleke sabo ekuhlaselweni.

Imikhuba iqala ukukhipha kancane kancane ineminyaka engama-56 ngemuva kokuqanduselwa eqandeni. Amantshontsho amancane afunda ukundiza ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwabazali bawo. Emasontweni ambalwa kamuva, abazali bondla amawundlu abo. Eminyakeni ecishe ibe yizinyanga ezi-2,5, amaphuphu azimele.Ekupheleni kwehlobo, izinyoni ezisencane zibalekela ebusika zizodwa ngaphandle kwabazali.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Izingwamza zizwelana kakhulu nenzalo yazo, kepha zingakhipha amaphuphu abuthakathaka nabagulayo esidlekeni.

Ngabe kuphi lapho izingulube zibusika khona?

Ugwababa oluhlala kulezi zindawo ezisenyakatho inyoni efudukayo ebiphila impilo yokuhlala ngaphambi kwenkathi yeqhwa. Ukuhlala futhi kuhlangatshezwa manje: ngokwesibonelo, ibhungane elikhokhelwa emnyama elihlala eJapan alindelani ebusika. Ama-storks amhlophe, anamaqhude amhlophe, amabhuku amnyama aseMelika kanye nezingwamza ezinamawundla aseMalawi nazo azindizela eningizimu, ngoba zihlala ezindaweni ezifudumele, lapho zinikezwa khona ukudla unyaka wonke. Ukufuduka kwesizini kwenziwa ngama-storks amhlophe, ama-storks amnyama kanye namantshontsho amaFar Eastern (abahlawuliswe abamnyama) abahlala eYurophu, eRussia, eChina.

Ukusuka kwamantshontsho amhlophe namnyama avela ezindaweni zase-Europe nase-Asia kuqala kakhulu. White indiza away in ingxenye yesithathu yokugcina ka-Agasti noma ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba. Amaqhude amnyama athuthela phambilini: ukusuka maphakathi no-Agasti, ngokwesibonelo, kwezinye izindawo zaseMpumalanga Yurophu. Kwezinye izindawo, ngokwesibonelo, esifundeni sase-Amur, kwatholakala ukuthi amantshontsho amnyama andiza ngeminyaka eyishumi kaSeptember: kulezi zinyoni usuku lokufika sekwedlule isikhathi. Kunoma ikuphi, maphakathi no-Okthoba, izindawo ezidonsa zezingwamza sezivele zingenalutho.

Izinyoni zenza izindiza phakathi nosuku, endaweni ephakeme, zingabheki uhlelo oluthile. Izingwamza zindiza ikakhulu phezu komhlaba, zinciphisa izingxenye zolwandle zendlela. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imisinga yomoya ekhuphuka ngaphezu komhlaba ibalulekile endizeni ekhuphukayo. Izingwamza zindizela emanzini kuphela lapho zibona ugu olungaphesheya. Ngentwasahlobo, izinyoni ziyabuya.

Ezinye izingwamza ezimnyama nezimhlophe, ezizinze eningizimu ye-Afrika, azibuyeli ezweni lazo, njengoba sezihlele amakoloni azinzile.

Ngezansi kwencazelo yezinhlobo zemvelo, kunemininingwane ethe xaxa mayelana nokuthi izingwamza zindizela kuphi namazwe lapho zihlala khona.

Izitha zemvelo zezingwamza ezimhlophe

Isithombe: Inyoni emhlophe ye-Stork

Lezi zinyoni zinezitha ezimbalwa zemvelo.

Ezinyoni ezindala, okulandelayo kubhekwa njengezitha:

Izidleke ze-Stork zingachithwa yizinyoni ezinkulu, amakati kanye nama-martens. Kulezifo ezisezinhlwini, zitholakala ikakhulukazi izifo ezibulala amagciwane.

Izingwamza zingenwa yilezi zinhlobo zama-helminths ezinjengokuthi:

• chaunocephalus ferox,
• i-histriorchis tricolor,
• dyctimetra discoidea.

Izinyoni ziyahlaselwa ngokudla izinhlanzi ezithelelekile kanye nezilwane, ziqoqa ukudla emhlabathini. Kodwa-ke, umuntu uthathwa njengesitha esikhulu salezi zinyoni ezinhle ezimhlophe. Ngemuva kwakho konke, izinyoni eziningi ziyafa ngenxa yokuxhumana nezintambo zikagesi. Izinyoni ziyafa ngokushaqeka kukagesi, abantu abasha kwesinye isikhathi baphuka izintambo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yize ukuzingela izinyoni zalolu hlobo kunqunyelwe, izinyoni eziningi ziyafa ezandleni zabazingeli. Izinyoni eziningi ziyafa ngesikhathi sezindiza. Imvamisa, izilwane ezincane ziyafa, izinyoni eziqala ukundizela ebusika.

Kwesinye isikhathi, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sasebusika, ukufa kwezinyoni eziningi kwenzeka ngenxa yezimo zezulu. Isiphepho, izivunguvungu kanye nesishingishane esibandayo zingabulala izinyoni ezingamakhulu ambalwa ngasikhathi sinye. Isici esikhulu esibi sogwada ngukucekelwa phansi kwezakhiwo izinyoni ezakhe kuzo. Ukuvuselelwa kwamathempeli ancishisiwe, imibhoshongo yamanzi nezinye izindawo lapho izidleke zindlala. Izinyoni zakha izidleke zazo isikhathi eside kakhulu. Ukwakheka kwesidleke kuthatha iminyaka eminingana, okusho ukuthi izingwamza ngeke zikwazi ukwanda lapho zindizela endaweni yazo evamile.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Photo: Izimbaza ezimhlophe

Isibalo sezingwamza ezimhlophe siyakhula futhi lolu hlobo aludali ukukhathazeka okuthile. Okwamanje kukhona amabhangqwana okuzala angama-150,000 emhlabeni wonke. Izingwamza zihlala ngokushesha bese zandisa indawo yazo yokuhlala. Muva nje, izinhlobo ze-White Stork zibhalwe ku-Isithasiselo 2 kwiNcwadi Ebomvu yaseRussia njengohlobo oludinga ukunakwa okukhethekile esimweni sabo esimweni semvelo. Lenhlobo inesimo sezinhlobo ezingakhathazi.

Ukuzingela izingulube akuvunyelwe emazweni amaningi. Ukusekela lezi zinyoni nokuvuselela izinyoni ezisenkingeni ezweni lethu, izindawo zokuvuselela ezinjenge-birds Ngaphandle kwemingcele, isikhungo saseRomashka esiseSifundeni iTver, kanye nesikhungo sokuvuselela iPhoenix njengamanje kuyasebenza.Ezikhungweni ezinjalo, izinyoni ziyavuselelwa futhi ziye zathola ukulimala okukhulu futhi zaba nezinye izinkinga zempilo.

Ukuze uxhase inani labantu bale nhlobo, kunconywa ukuthi ungabhubhisi izidleke nezakhiwo ezakhelwe kuzo. Qikelela kakhulu ngalezi zinyoni, nazo zonke izilwane zasendle. Masingakhohlwa ukuthi ukulimala okuyinhloko ezinyoni nakuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni wethu kubangelwa ngumuntu, echitha njalo imvelo. Ukwakha imigwaqo, ukukhiqiza okulimazayo, ukugawula amahlathi kanye nokucekela phansi indawo yokuhlala kwalezi zinyoni. Masizinakekele lezi zinyoni ezinhle futhi sizilinde njalo entwasahlobo.

Ingulube emhlophe - lokhu kuyinyoni emangalisa ngempela, emhlabeni wezilwane kunzima ukuthola izidalwa zomndeni ezingaphezu kwamaqhude. Lezi zinyoni zihlukaniswa ngosizo olukhethekile. Iqiniso lokuthi izingwamza zakha futhi zithuthukise amakhaya azo iminyaka, nokuthi iqiniso lokuthi abazali bangena esikhundleni sazo, bexhasa ekunakekelweni kwamachwane, libonisa inhlangano ephakeme yezenhlalo yalezi zinyoni. Uma ugwababa luzinze eduzane nasekhaya lakho, uyazi, ngenhlanhla leyo.

Impilo endle

Ingulube emhlophe indiza isikhathi esiningi. Futhi kaningi usebenzisa ngamandla indlela enenzuzo yokundiza - ukundiza. Sesithole izindawo ezifanele zalokhu, ingwamza ikwazi ukundiza amakhilomitha amaningi ngaphandle kokuphapha amaphiko. Izinyoni zindiza 200-250 km ngosuku.

Ngesikhathi indiza, inyoni ingathatha ngisho ukulala. Ososayensi benze isiphetho esinjalo kusuka kudatha yokwenziwa buthaka kwethonya nokuphefumula kwezinyoni. Ukuzwa kuyanda ukuze inyoni izwe ukuthi umhlambi undizela ngaphi.

Izinyoni zasebusika zindizela emihlanjini eminingi. Ngalesi sikhathi, baphendukela ekudleni izinambuzane, bekhetha isikhonyane. E-Afrika kuthiwa "izinyoni zesikhonyane."

Ososayensi basebenzisa i-banding ukubona ama-storks. Muva nje, ukusetshenziswa kwe-satellite kusetshenzisiwe. Le ndlela ifaka ukunikezwa kwama-bird transmitters adlulisa amasignali ku-satellite. Ngenxa yale ndlela, ososayensi batadisha izici zokuphila kwezinyoni, ukuthi udrako udla kanjani, nokuthi ezinye izikhathi ezithokozisayo zisakazeka kanjani.

Ngabe idlakudla lidlani emvelweni

Ugwababa omhlophe udla izilwanyane ezincane kanye nezilwane ezingenamsoco. Badla amaxoxo, izinyoka, izintethe, badla izimbungulu, iminyundu, izinhlanzana ezincane, izibankwa. Ukunyakaza kwezinyoni lapho ufuna ukudla kungokuzijabulisa. Kepha lapho nje bebona inyamazane, bagijimela kuyo ngokushesha bayayibambe. Ziphuzisa amanzi amantshontsho azo ngemilomo yazo.

Ukucinga ukudla, ibhungane lizungeza amaxhaphozi nezindawo eziphansi. Ukwakheka komzimba wakhe kumvumela ukuba enze lokhu. Imilenze enezinzalo ezinde inikezela ukuqina emhlabathini oswakeme, omanzi. Futhi uqhwaku olude lukuvumela ukuthi uthole zonke izinhlobo zezinto ezinhle kusuka ekujuleni - ama-mollusks, iminenke, amasele.

Bangakwazi nokuqoqa izinhlanzi ezifile, Ungakhathazeki nokudla futhi:

Vele, akulula kangako ukubamba izilwane zeselula.

Ukuzingela okunamaphiko kuhola emanzini angajulileAbathandi ukungena emanzini ajulile. Zingadla emhlabathini, zikhethe utshani obusha obugawulwa lapho zibamba khona izinambuzane ezincane. E-Afrika, izingwamza zibuthana lapho abantu babeshise khona utshani. Ezindaweni ezinjalo ungabona amakhulukhulu ezinyoni. Zindiza futhi ziye emasimini ziqoqe izibungu lapho.

Izingwamza zingalindela inyamazane isikhathi eside. Isibonelo, angahle acashe eduze komgodi we-rodent futhi amlinde ukuthi akhiphe ikhala lakhe. Isikhathi sokuphela okunjalo asidluli imizuzu eminingana.

Emanzini anodaka, inyoni iyazingela “noma nini” ngaphandle kokubona inyamazane yayo. Uvula futhi avale uqhwaku emanzini aze abanjwe i-tadpole ethile. Inyoni ingabamba ukudla empukwini, ibambe udrako noma ezinye izinambuzane. Ekuthunjweni, izinyoni zibamba ukudla, njengezinja, endizeni.

Ingulube ibulala izinambuzane eziyingozi: bug-bug, bug-beetle, beet weevil. Kuyasiza abalimi ekuqedeni ibhere - lesi isinambuzane esiyingozi bonke abalimi bazi ngaso.

Ngesikhathi seminyaka yokugqashuka kwezigundane namagundane, izingwamza zidla ngokuzikhandla lezi zinti, zinikeza usizo olukhulu kubantu.

Ingulube eyodwa idinga amagremu angama-700 okudla ngosuku. Lapho bondla izingane, leli nani lenyuka kakhulu, futhi abantu abadala kufanele bachitha usuku lonke beyofuna ukudla.

Amachwane akhulayo

Bazali bondla izinsana ngemisundu yomhlabaebapha uqhwaku. Izinkukhu zibamba izibungu endiza noma ziqoqe esidlekeni. Lapho bekhula, bathatha ukudla okuvela kuqhwaku lwabantu abadala. Abazali baqapha inzalo, abagulayo nababuthakathaka bayakhishwa esidlekeni. Imikhaza ingafa ngenxa yokuntuleka kokudla.

Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-55, amaphuphu aqala ukuhamba. Imizamo yabo yokuqala ibhekwe ngabazali babo, ibondle ezinye izinsuku eziyi-18. Abantu abasha bachitha ubusuku ezidlekeni zabo zabazali, futhi bafunda ukundiza phakathi nosuku.

Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-70, ubusha buthola inkululeko futhi bandizela ebusika. Abadala bandiza kamuva - ngoSepthemba.

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Ingwamza emhlophe, ehlangana nombhangqwana, iqala ukuqhafaza umlomo wayo kakhulu. Kulokhu, le nyoni iphonsa ikhanda layo ukuze yakhe isikhala esivelelayo esithuthukisa umsindo. Ngakho-ke, izingwamza ziyaxhumana.

Ngokuphathelene nezihlobo, inyoni iziphatha ngolaka. Abantu ababuthakathaka bangashaywa futhi bafe.

Inani lezinkukhu ezifundeni ezisentshonalanga lincipha ngokushesha. Lokhu kungenxa yokwehla kwenani lokuphakelayo., okwandisa ukwenziwa kwamakhemikhali kwemvelo, okuholela ekufeni kwezinyoni kanye nokwephulwa kombuso wokuzala. E-Russia, inani lezinyoni, kunalokho, liyanda.

Emhlabeni jikelele kunamabhande amhlophe angabalelwa ezinkulungwaneni eziyi-150, isithathu sazo sihlala eRussia, Belarus nase-Ukraine.

Izinganekwane ezihehayo ezihlobene nenyoni. Sekuyisikhathi eside udrako uthathwa njengomvikeli emandleni kaSathane. Kukhona inganekwane echaza ngemvelaphi yenyoni. Ngokusho kwakhe, uNkulunkulu, ebona ingozi yezinyoka, wanquma ukubabulala. Waqoqa zonke izinto ezihubhayo esikhwameni wacela umuntu ukuthi aphonse isikhwama olwandle noma ezintabeni. Kepha indoda ngenxa yelukuluku yavula isikhwama, yadedela izikebhe zayo. Njengesijeziso, uMdali waphenduka umuntu waba ngulube futhi wamphoqa ukuthi aqoqe izinyoka impilo yakhe yonke.

Kukhona nenganekwane ethi "uCaliph-Stork", lapho umuntu aphendukela kule nyoni enhle.

Zidlani izingwamza?

Izinhlosi zidla ukudla kwezilwane kuphela. Ukudla kwabo kuhlukile, kepha ikakhulukazi kuqukethe izilwane ezincane, ezibandakanya:

• izilwane ezincelisayo: izimvukuzane, amagundane, amagundane, imigodi yensimu kanye nezinye izinduku ezinjengegundane, ama-squirrels anemibala emincane, ukuqasha izinsizwa, izinsimbi zomzimba, ama-ermines. Emaphandleni, ezinye izingwamza zingazingela izinkukhu nezinkukhu,
• amachwane amancane
• ama-amphibians nezirhubuluzi: amasele, ubuhlalu, izibankwa ezahlukahlukene, izinyoka (izinyoka, izinyoka),
• izinambuzane zomhlaba omkhulu nezibungu zazo - isikhonyane nezinye izinkumbi, izinhlanga, izingulule, imichilo yamaqabunga, izintethe, amabhere,
• ama-mollusks asemhlabeni nawasemanzini, ama-crustaceans, izibungu,
• Kepha izinhlanzi, ezinye izinhlobo zezingwamza, njengamhlophe, aziqabuki ziyidla. Amantshontsho amnyama ayidla kaningi. Ingulube ekhokhelwa mnyama imnyama idla kuphela izinhlanzi.

Kuya ngesikhathi sonyaka, ukudla kwamantshontsho kuyashintsha. Lapho amachibi amancane omile futhi eba ama-amphibians amancane, kudliwa izinambuzane ezinkulu. Izingwamza ziginya inyamazane ephelele. Izinsalela ezigugayo (izimpaphe, uboya, isikali, njll.) Izinyoni ziyaqhuma ngendlela yezimfumbe.

Ngale ndlela, izingwamza zinekhono elihle lokudla izinyoka ezinobuthi ngaphandle kokuzilimaza. Ngokusobala, bathinteka ubuthi.

Izinyoni zidla izikhala ezivulekile: ezintabeni, ezigodini ezinkulu zemifula nasezigangeni, ngasogwini lomfula, ezixhaphozini nakwezinye izindawo ezibonakalayo. Yize izingwamza zihlala zibonakala, zona ngokwazo ziyayibona ingozi zisuka kude.

Izingwamza, njengazo zonke izinyoni ezinkulu, ziyaqaphela kakhulu. Ngesikhathi izindiza nobusuku bahlala ndawonye. Izinyoni zidla zodwa, kepha ngasikhathi sinye zingalahli ukuxhumana nezihlobo.

Ahlala isikhathi esingakanani amazinyane?

Isikhathi sokuphila kwamaqhude sincike ezinhlotsheni nasendaweni yokuhlala. Amantshontsho amhlophe ahlala emvelweni iminyaka engaba ngu-20-21 (ngokusho kweminye imithombo, aze afike eminyakeni engama-33), ekuthunjweni, lesi sikhombisi singaba ngaphezulu. Izingwamza zaseMpumalanga Ekude ezazithunjiwe zasinda zaba yiminyaka engama-48. Isilinganiso esiphakeme kakhulu sokuphila kwamantshontsho amnyama ekudingisweni yiminyaka engama-31, kuyilapho ku-vivo lesi sibalo siyiminyaka eyi-18.

Izinhlobo zezingwamza, amagama nezithombe

Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zingezinhlobo zohlobo lwezinkukhu (Ciconia):

1. Ciconia abdimii (Lichtenstein, 1823) - ingulube emhlophe,
2. Ciconia boyciana (Swinhoe, 1873) - ingulube ekhokhwa ngabamnyama, ingulube yaseChinese, ingulube yaseMpumalanga Ekude, udoti omhlophe waseMpumalanga Ekude,
3. Ciconia ciconia (I-Linnaeus, 1758) - ingwamza emhlophe:
   • Ciconia ciconia asiatica (Severtzov, 1873) - Ingulube emhlophe yaseTurkestan,
   • Ciconia ciconia ciconia (I-Linnaeus, 1758) - ingulube emhlophe yaseYurophu,
4. ICiconia episcopus (Boddaert, 1783) - ingulube emhlophe emhlophe:
   • Ciconia episcopus episcopus (Boddaert, 1783),
   • Ciconia episcopus microscelis (G. R. Grey, 1848),
   • Ciconia episcopus ukunganaki (UFinsch, 1904)
5. Ciconia nigra (I-Linnaeus, 1758) - ingulube emnyama,
6. Ciconia maguari (Gmelin, 1789) - Ingulube yaseMelika,
7. Ciconia isivunguvungu (W. Blasius, 1896) - Ingwamza ebunjiwe kaMalay.

Okulandelayo incazelo yezinhlobo.

• Ingulube emhlophe(Ciconia ciconia)

uhlala kwezinye izingxenye zeYurophu (ukusuka eningizimu yeSweden naseDenmark kuya eFrance nasePortugal, emazweni aseMpumalanga Yurophu), e-Ukraine, eRussia (kusuka eVologda Oblast kuya eTranscaucasia), eCentral Asia naseNyakatho-nentshonalanga ye-Afrika (kusuka enyakatho neMorussia kuya enyakatho ETunisia). Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, kuhlukaniswa izinhlobo ezimbili zezingulube ezimhlophe: i-European (Ciconia ciconia ciconia) neTurkestan (Ciconia ciconia asiatica) Ukubhaliswa kweTurkestan kukhulu ngandlela-thile kunaseYurophu; kutholakala eCentral Asia nakwezinye izingxenye zeTranscaucasia.

Umzimba wamantshontsho amhlophe unombala omhlophe, okhonjiswa egameni. Izimpaphe kuphela ezisemaphethelweni amaphiko zimnyama, futhi kuze kube yilapho inyoni iwaqondile, kubonakala sengathi wonke umzimba ophansi umnyama. Ukusuka lapha kwaqhamuka igama elidumile lale nyoni - uChernoguz. Uqhwaku lomlomo nezinyawo zakhe zibomvu. Amachwane anezindebe ezimnyama. Isikhumba se-Bare eduze kwamehlo noqhwaku sibomvu noma simnyama. I-iris inombala onsundu noma ibomvu. Ubukhulu bephiko buyi-55-63 cm, umsila ungama-21.5-26 cm, ama-metatarsus angama-17-23,5 cm, uqhwaku ungamasentimitha ayi-14- 20. Ubude bomzimba bungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-1,02. Amaphiko yi-1.95-2, 05m Ingwamza emhlophe inesisindo esingu-3.5-4.4 kg. Abesifazane bancane kunabesilisa.

Amaqhude amhlophe, ahlala ezingxenyeni ezisentshonalanga nezisempumalanga yeYurophu, andiza eningizimu ngezindlela ezihlukile. Ama-Storks ahlangana nentshonalanga ye-Elbe andiza eStrait of Gibraltar futhi ayinqobe endaweni emincane kakhulu. Njengoba sebekhuphuke ngaphezu kweSpain, bahlela ukuya e-Afrika. Lapho, ahlala entshonalanga, futhi ngokunqamula anqamula iSahara, amahlathi afanayo futhi ame eSouth Africa. Izingwamza ezidla empumalanga ye-Elbe zindizela eBosphorus, zindizela oLwandle iMedithera zidlula eSyria, kwa-Israyeli, zinqamula enyakatho yoLwandle Olubomvu, eGibhithe, zindiza esiGodini saseNayile futhi zidlulela naseNingizimu Afrika. I-Turkestan subspecies yohlobo lwe-stork esimhlophe ikakhulukazi ebusika eNdiya, eCeylon, kepha abanye abantu balinda ubusika esifundeni saseSyr Darya eCentral Asia nasezintabeni zaseTalysh eTranscaucasia.

Amantshontsho amhlophe ahlala eduze nalapho kuhlala khona abantu, ngoba kulula ngawo ukwakha izidleke “emagqumeni enziwe ngabantu”. Abantu uqobo bavame “ukusiza” izinyoni ekwakheni, zizenzela isidleke ngezandla zazo noma zakha isisekelo salo: babeka amasondo noma amapulatifomu akhethekile ezigxotsheni, ezihlahleni noma ezakhiweni zasepulazini lapho izinyoni zibeka khona isidleke sazo esizayo.

• Ingulube emnyama(Ciconia nigra)

uhlobo olugwema abantu. Indawo yokuhlala yakhona kunwebeka okukhulu kwe-Eurasia: kusuka eScandinavia kanye ne-Iberian peninsula kuya ezifundeni ezikude kakhulu. Umngcele osenyakatho wokusatshalaliswa ufinyelela ukufana okungu-61 no-63, okuningizimu kudlula eBalkan, eCrimea, eTranscaucasia, e-Iran, eCentral Asia, eMongolia nasenkabeni yeChina. Ubusika obudala bomsipha ezwenikazi lase-Afrika, eNdiya naseChina. E-Afrika, izinyoni azinduli zadlula i-ikhwetha. Kuliqiniso, eningizimu yezwekazi elilodwa bathola esidlekeni sawo wonke amathuba lapho bafuduka khona futhi bahlala unomphela.

Umbala walolu hlobo lwezinyoni ulawulwa ngabamnyama, kanti amaplamu amnyama aphonsa imifino, ithusi noma onsomi. Izimpaphe ezimhlophe zikhula kuphela esifubeni esiphansi, emuva kwesifuba nasezifundeni ze-axillary. Uqhwaku lwenyoni luthi shwaca kancane phezulu. Imilenze, umlomo kanye nesikhumba ezungeze amehlo zibomvu. Iris nsundu. Intsha inamapheya amhlophe, kanti imilenze noqhwaku lwezilwane ezincane zinegrey eluhlaza okotshani. Isisindo sogolantethe omnyama asidluli i-3 kg, umzimba ungafinyelela kubude obu-1 imitha. Ubude bephiko buhlukahluka kusuka ku-52 kuya ku-61 cm, ubude be-metatarsus buyi-18-20 cm, umsila ukhula ube ngu-19-25 cm, futhi ubude bomlomo bufinyelela ku-16- 19,5 cm.

Ugwababa omnyama uhlala emahlathini aminyene, iziqhingi phakathi kwezindawo zokudaka nezindawo ezifanayo ezingenakufinyeleleka. Uhlela izidleke emagatsheni asemuva ezihlahla ezinde, ezi-1.5-2 m ukusuka esiqwini. Ziqukethe izingatsha zamagqinsi ahlukahlukene ahlanganisiwe ngomhlabathi nangofudu.Ezindaweni ezingenalutho nasezintabeni, le nyoni ikhetha amadwala, amadwala, njll. Izimbotshana zihlala zidle ngokwehlukana nezihlobo. Izilokazana zivame ukutholakala kude le-6 km ukusuka komunye nomunye. Kwezinye izindawo, ngokwesibonelo, i-Eastern Transcaucasia, ibanga phakathi kwabo liyancipha laba ngu-1 km, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nezidleke ezi-2 zitholakala esihlahleni esifanayo.

E-clutch kukhona amaqanda ama-3 kuye kwangama-5, amancane amancane kunalawo agwadula amhlophe. Izingulube zimbozwe nge-fluff emhlophe noma empunga, kanti uqhwaku lwayo luwolintshi ezansi futhi luhlaza okotshani ekugcineni. Okokuqala, amantshontsho amancane amnyama ayaqamba amanga, khona-ke ahlala esidlekeni futhi emva kwezinsuku ezingama-35- 40 aqala ukusukuma. Amantshontsho amancane aphuma esidlekeni ngezinsuku ezingama-64-65 emva kokuzalwa. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo, izingwamza ezimnyama zingakhwaza. Babiza imisindo ephakeme nephansi, efana ne- "chi-li". Izinyoni zoqhwaku aziqhekeki kaningi futhi kuthule kunezinhlanga ezimhlophe.

• Ingquza emhlophe enamabala amhlophe(Ciconia abdimii)

Le yinhlobo yama-agwayi ase-Afrika ahlala kusuka e-Ethiopia aye eSouth Africa.

Enye yezinsangu ezincane kunazo zonke, ezifika ku-73 cm ubude. Isisindo senyoni yi-1 kg. Umbala ulawulwa ngumbala omnyama, omhlophe kuphela wesifuba nangaphansi. Uqhomo, ngokungafani nezinhlobo eziningi, ungwevu. Imilenze ibomvu ngokwesiko. Isici esiyingqayizivele sogwada olunamabala amhlophe ubukhazikhazi besikhumba elizungeze amehlo ngesikhathi sokuzala. Amehlo ngokwawo ane-tint ebomvu. Abesifazane bancane kunabesilisa. Beka amaqanda ama-2-3.

• Ingulube emhlophe emhlophe(Ciconia episcopus) ine-subspecies engu-3:
  • Ciconia episcopus episcopus uhlala ezinhlonhlweni zaseHindustan, Indochina kanye nasePhilippine Islands,
  • Ciconia episcopus microscelis ezitholakala e-Uganda naseKenya - amazwe asezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Afrika,
  • Ciconia episcopus ukunganaki - Umhlali wasesiqhingi saseJava neziqhingi zilele emngceleni wezindawo ze-biogeographic zase-Asia nase-Australia.

Ubude bomzimba wezingulube buhlukahluka kusuka ku-80 kuye ku-90 cm. I-nape, intamo nesifuba esingenhla sezinyoni zimhlophe futhi zi-fluffy. Izimpaphe ezisiswini esingezansi kanye nomsila zimhlophe. Ikhanda ngenhla limnyama, kungathi kufakwe isigqoko. Izimpiko nomzimba ongaphezulu zimnyama, kukhona okubomvu okuchichima emahlombe, iziphetho zamaphiko ziphenduke zaba nsomi. Amantshontsho amhlophe qwa ahlala ngamaqembu noma ngababili eduze kwamanzi.

• Ingulube yoboya yaseMalay(Ciconia isivunguvungu)

izinhlobo ezincane kakhulu, ezisondele ekuqothulweni. Emhlabeni kukhona kusuka ku-400 kuya ku-500 abantu. Ubukhulu benyoni buncane: kusuka ku-75 kuye ku-91 cm. Intamo imhlophe. Ikhanda likakhakhayi ligqoke umqhele “omnyama” omnyama. Isikhumba esingenamibala sino-tint owolintshi kanye ophuzi emehlweni. Uqhwaku nemilenze zibomvu.

Amaqhude asezingeni eliphakeme laseMalay ahlala eziqhingini ezithile zase-Indonesia, eMalaysia, eThailand, eBrunei. Zihlala zodwa noma ngamaqembu amancane, futhi zihlala eduze nemizimba yamanzi angenamanzi entsha ezungezwe amahlathi.

• Ingulube yaseMelika(Ciconia maguari)

omele uMhlaba oMusha. Ihlala eSouth America.

Kubukeka njengengulube emhlophe ngosayizi nokubukeka. Umehluko: umsila omnyama, isikhumba esibomvu se-orange siseduze kwamehlo, grey ezansi kanye noqhwaku oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ekugcineni ne-iris emhlophe yamehlo. Amachwane ezinsikazi azalwa amhlophe, amnyama ngokweminyaka, bese ethola umbala wobuzali. Ubude bomzimba wenyoni bufika ku-90 cm, amaphiko abe ngu-120 cm, ugwababa unesisindo esingu-3.5 kg. Wakha izidleke eziphansi: ezihlahleni, ezihlahleni eziphansi ngisho nasemhlabathini, kepha zihlala zizungezwe ngamanzi.

• Ingquza emnyama ekhokhwayo (Ciconia boyciana)

uhlobo olunamagama amaningi: ingquza yase-Amur, ingulube yaseChina, i-Far East noma i-Far Eastern white stork. Phambilini, le nhlobo ibithathwa njengengaphansi kohlobo lwensangu emhlophe. Kepha, ngokungafani nalombala omhlophe, ibhuku elimnyama elimnyama linomlomo omude, omnyama ligxuma libheke phezulu, imilenze ebomvu nebhuloho, isigaxa somphimbo obomvu, i-iris emhlophe, kanye nokunamathela kwesiliva okumpunga kukhona emaphethelweni ezinye izimpaphe ezimnyama.

Amathoyizi e-Amur stork anobuhlalu obomvu obuwolintshi. Kwabantu abasha, abamnyama bathathelwa indawo onsundu. Ngobukhulu, le nyoni inkulu kakhulu kunezihlobo zayo: ubude bephiko buyi-62-67 cm, uqhwaku lungamamitha angama-19,5- 26, ubude bomzimba bufika ku-1,15 m, udrako unesisindo esingama-5.5 kg.Amaqhude aseMpumalanga Ekude adla kuphela izinhlanzi, ngokwesibonelo i-crucian carp, izinkalo.

Onke amagama ezinyoni akhombisa indawo ahlala kuyo: i-Far East (Amur Region, Primorye, Ussuri Territory), enyakatho yeChina. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nhlobo itholakala eJapan naseKorea. Amaqhude amnyama akhokhiswa ebusika ikakhulukazi eningizimu yeChina, esiqhingini saseTaiwan nasendaweni yaseHong Kong. Eminye imihlambi ifudukela ebusika iye eNyakatho Korea, eSouth Korea, eJapan, kwesinye isikhathi ifinyelela ePhilippines, eMyanmar, eBangladesh nasezifundeni ezisenyakatho-nasempumalanga ye-India. EJapan, izinyoni zihlala ehlobo nasebusika, hhayi ukundiza ngaseningizimu ngenkathi ebandayo. Eduze kwale ndoda, udogolofi olukhokhiswa imnyama aluhlali, lukhetha isidleke emahlathini ezihlahleni ezinde. Izinduna zitholakala kuwo wonke amagatsha aphezulu naphansi. Ziyasinda kangangokuba kwesinye isikhathi amagatsha awakwazi ukumelana namandla adonsela phansi bese ahlukana, ngenxa yalokho izidleke ziwela phansi. E-clutch kukhona amaqanda ama-3-5.

Ukhozi oluseMpumalanga Ekude luhlobo olungandile oluvikelwe eRussia, eJapan naseChina. Kubhalwe ku-Red Book of Russia, China neKorea, kanye nase-International Red Book. Emvelweni, abekho abantu abangaphezu kwe-3,000.

Ukuzalanisa kwezingulube

Izingulube zihola imihlambi, ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokuzalela. Izinyoni zakha izidleke zokuphinda zisebenzise, ​​zizibeka ezihlahleni, emadwaleni, emadwaleni, ophahleni lwezindlu nakwezinye izakhiwo.

• Amantshontsho amhlophe angadla umhlambi wonke. Ngale ndlela, lolu hlobo lwezinyoni luhambisana nabantu futhi luhlale hhayi ezihlahleni kuphela, hhayi kude nezindlu zabantu, kodwa futhi ophahleni lwezakhiwo, imibhoshongo yamanzi, amapayipi ezimboni, imibhoshongo yokuhambisa amandla, izigxobo nezinye izakhiwo. Amantshontsho amhlophe akhetha izakhiwo zomuntu, ngoba zilungele ukudlekwa, yize izinyoni zingabadingi abantu endaweni.
• Amaqhude amnyama ahlala kude nabantu.

Ukubuya kusuka ebusika, amantshontsho avame ukulungisa isidleke esidala, asinameka ngezinduku, hay, izinduku. Isidleke esisha kwesinye isikhathi asidluli kububanzi obungu-1 m, futhi esidala, esigcwalisiwe, singafinyelela kumamitha ayi-2,3 nesisindo samamitha. Kuthatha cishe izinsuku eziyi-8 ukwakha. Eduzane nesidleke sokuqala, izingwamza ezimhlophe zingakha nesibili, esisetshenziselwa ukulala noma ukuqapha isidleke sokuqala. Kwesinye isikhathi amantshontsho amancane, angakakulungeli ukuzalaniswa, akafuni ukwakha isidleke sawo futhi azame ukuthwebula okwomunye umuntu. Kulokhu, owesilisa osekhulile ngokugcabha ugcwala umlomo wakhe futhi aziphonse kumphikisi. Eminye imibhangqwana idla izidleke zezinyoni ezidla inyama.

Entwasahlobo, owesilisa undizela esidlekeni kuqala futhi ameme umlingani - noma yimuphi owesifazane ezindizayo. Kwenzeka ukuthi lowo owayeyintombi yakhe abuyele kowesilisa, futhi uma indawo yakhe ithathwa, khona-ke kuba khona ukulwa phakathi kwabesifazane. Owinayo uhlala, futhi ophikisana naye kufanele andize. Ochwepheshe abaningi banamathela kule nguqulo yokuthi izingulube ziyizinyoni ezinyantayo futhi zindizela esidlekeni nabalingani bazo abajwayelekile, futhi zingakhi ngazimbili lapho zifika.

Lapho ukulungiswa noma ukwakhiwa kwezidleke kuqediwe, imidlalo yokuqomisana iyaqala. Ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zezingwamza, lolu siko luhlukile.

Emigqonyeni emhlophe, umdanso wesilisa noma sowesifazane, bavuma ngekhanda ngemilomo yabo bese bethatha izinhlamvu zezimpawu, bephonsa amakhanda abo emhlane. Isikhumba emphinjeni nasesidunjini siyajuluka, kwakheka isigaxa somphimbo, esisebenza njenge-resonator. Izingulube zichofoza imilomo yazo, futhi umsindo ovela kuyo ufana nohlobo lokuqhekeka. Owesilisa uziphatha ngokukhulu ukucophelela kunowesifazane. Ingazungeleza ngaphezu kwesidleke, ikhuphuke iwele kakhulu. Uma insikazi ihlala esidlekeni, izama ukuyiphakamisa, iphule umlingani wayo ngoqhwaku lwayo futhi isitebele eduze kwayo. Lapho insikazi ivuka, kubhangqiswa kwenzeka, kuthi lapho owesilisa eyele kumlingani, egoba imilenze yakhe futhi alinganise amaphiko ayo.

Amantshontsho amnyama awaziphonseli amakhanda emuva futhi awachofozi imilomo yawo. Kubukeka sengathi bayakhothama omunye komunye noma bahamba ngentamo ende, bakhothame ikhanda noqhwaku bacindezelwe entanyeni. Izikhathi ezithile, bmba ngemilomo yabo ezinsibaleni zekhanda noma yentamo yomlingani.

Insikazi ibekela amaqanda ama-3-5, iqala ukuwafukamela ngisho nangaphambi kokuba kubekwe. Amaqanda ama-Stork amhlophe, anendawo engenamikhawulo, amade. Banesisindo esingama-120 g.

Hatching ihlala izinsuku ezingama-30. Bobabili abazali babopha amantshontsho: ngokuvamile owesilisa wenza lokhu phakathi nosuku, lowesifazane ebusuku. Amakati azalwa eyimpumputhe, kepha aqale ukubona ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa.

Izingwamza ezisanda kuzalwa zimbozwe mhlophe phansi, imilenze yazo ipinki futhi umlomo wazo umnyama. I-fluff yesibili ivela ngemuva kwesonto. Ejodeni elimhlophe, ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-16, amahlaya aqala ukuma ngezinyawo zawo. Ngosuku lwama-25 sezivele zime ngokuqinile kuyo yomibili imilenze, kuthi ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10 zikwazi ukuma emlenzeni owodwa. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-70 kuzelwe, amaphuphu ashiya isidleke. Amachwane amantshontsho amnyama akhula kancane.

Akulula ukondla izingwamza ezinamandla. Kokubili owesilisa nowesifazane babamba iqhaza ekondleni. Elinye lazo liseduze namachwane, elinye lindizela ukudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iduna elihlala lilungisa isidleke, lilethe izinto zokwakha ezahlukahlukene: amagatsha, utshani, amahlumela. Balinde ukudla, izingane zichofoza umlomo wazo. Lapho abazali begoba amachwane bese belahla umphimbo emaphashini, amabamba abamba impukane noma aqoqe phansi kwesidleke. Ekukhuleni, amaphuphu akhipha ukudla kubazali bawo ngogologo.

Ubaba nomama banakekela izingane zabo ngobumnene. Inyoni, etholakala esidlekeni esinamaqhude, ngezinsuku ezishisayo iyazivikela elangeni, zime ngaphezu kwazo ngamaphiko asakazekile. Bazali baletha amanzi ngemilomo yabo ukuze banisele izingane zabo noma babanikeze okugeza okuqabulayo. Kepha amachwane agulayo, abuthakathaka, angenwe yileli gciwane avele nje akhiphe izidleke ngaphandle kwesidleke.

Izingwamza eziqala ukundiza zinomkhawulo endaweni ezungeze isidleke sayo sendabuko. Wonke umndeni ubuthana kuwo ubusuku. Lapho-ke amachwane andizela kude, ekugcineni, sekuqala ukwanda. Izingwamza zindiza ngokushesha: okokuqala zincane bese zidala. Futhi yize amabhungu ezindiza ngaphandle kopopayi, imvelo iwaholela ngendlela eyiyo. Kwasungulwa ukuthi isikhathi sokusuka asisaxhunyiwe ngandlela-thile nokupholisa, noma okungenangqondo. Kepha umjikelezo wokuphila kwalezi zinyoni uhlelekile ukuze zifike ehlobo impela isikhathi esithile, esidingekayo ekuzaleni. Amantshontsho amancane aqala ukudonsa eneminyaka engu-3-4 ubudala. Kwesinye isikhathi lokhu kwenzeka ngaphambili, ngemuva kweminyaka emi-2, noma kamuva - kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-6.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwengulube ne-heron?

• Izingwamza zingokuhleleka kwama-ciconiiformes, umndeni wezingwamza. I-Herons ingeyama-oda we-Ciconiiformes, umndeni wamamoni.
• Izingulube ziyizinyoni zesitokwe esikhulu kakhulu kunamakhala.
• Ngokungafani nezingwamza, intamo yamakhambi incane ngokungenakuqhathaniswa futhi yinde.
• Lapho indiza, izingwamza igcina intamo yazo yelulekela phambili, okungaxhunyiwe emithini.

Ngakwesobunxele kukhona i-heron enkulu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngakwesokudla kukhona unogolantethe omhlophe. Umbhali wesithombe ngakwesobunxele: uCephas, CC BY-SA 4.0, umbhali wesithombe ngakwesokudla: i-sipa, CC0.

• Umehluko phakathi kwengulube ne-heron kubude beminwe. Izingulube zimfushane kakhulu kunamakhambi.
• AmaHerons ahlala futhi abambe inyamazane ezindaweni ezinamaxhaphozi, ezindaweni ezinezikhukhula lapho izingwamza, ngenxa yokwakheka kweminwe yazo, ziyinkinga. Ngakho-ke, izingwamza zidla ngaphezulu komhlaba.
• Izingwamza zikhuphuka esibhakabhakeni, kuyilapho amakhwabane endiza, eshaya amaphiko awo futhi kuhlangana ngezikhathi ezithile.
• Ezingubeni, i-sternum inesikwele, ku-herons, i-sternum iyaphakama.
• Imikhaza yezingwamza ayizishiyi izidleke zokukhwela izihlahla. Amakhala amancane, kunalokho, asuka ngentshiseko egatsheni eya egatsheni, esebenzisa imilenze, imilomo kanye nezimpiko ezingekho emthethweni.
• Ama-herons awahlele izidleke emadwaleni nasemadwaleni, ngokungafani nezingwamza.

I-Grey heron ngakwesobunxele, ingwamza emnyama ngakwesokudla. Umbhali wesithombe ngakwesobunxele: uBarbara Walsh, CC ngu-2.0, umbhali wesithombe ngakwesokudla: UJohann Jaritz, CC BY-SA 3.0 at.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe crane ne-stork?

• Ama-Storks kanye no-cranes bangabameli bama-oda ahlukile. Ingwamza ingeyokulandelana kwama-ciconiiformes, umndeni wezingwamza. I-crane iyinyoni evela ngokulandelana kwama-cranes, umndeni wama-cranes.
• Uqhwaku lwamakhreyithi alude lude njengolwamantshontsho.
• Ehlelweni lamakhrane kukhona izimpaphe ezithambile, ezinde. Ezingubeni, ziqinile futhi zimfishane.
• Ama-cranes enza imisindo emnandi kakhulu futhi anomsindo omkhulu. Iningi lezingulube alinalo izwi (ngaphandle kwengulube emnyama), libonakaliswa ngokuchofoza nje komlomo.
• Umehluko phakathi kwezinyoni uyabonakala ekudleni kwabo. Amaqhude adla kuphela izilwane ezincane.Ama-cranes, ngokungafani nezingwamza, ikakhulukazi anama-herbivorous: adla amajikijolo kanye nembewu yezitshalo, amahlumela amakhambi ahlukahlukene nezinhlamvu. Ama-cranes adla ukudla okuncane kwezilwane.
• Ama-cranes ahlala kuphela ezindaweni ezinomsindo. Ngaphezu kwamachibi, izingwamza zikhetha nezikhala ezivulekile, kufaka phakathi izindawo zokuhlala.

Ngakwesobunxele kukhona umqhele waseMelika, ngakwesokudla kukhona unogolantethe omhlophe. Umbhali wesithombe ngakwesobunxele: URyan Hagerty / USFWS, Isizinda Somphakathi, umbhali wesithombe ngakwesokudla: dassel, CC0.

• Imidlalo yemishado yemidlwane kanye nokhokho iyahluka.
• Imidumba yakha izidleke zayo phezulu ngaphezu komhlaba: ezihlahleni, ezigxotsheni, ophahleni lwezakhiwo, emadwaleni. Ama-cranes awalokothi ahlale ezihlahleni, futhi izidleke zihlelwe phansi. Ama-crane izidleke mancane ngosayizi.
• Ama-cranes abeka amaqanda ama-1-2, ama-storks amaqanda ama-3-5.
• Bobabili abazali bafaka amaqanda amaqhude, abesifazane kuphela ngemiqhele, futhi owesilisa wenza umsebenzi wokuvikela.
• Ama-cranes adala ngababili impilo, ukuhlala ndawonye noma indiza emhlambini. Izingwamza zingakha ngazimbili ezintsha isizini ngayinye.
• Lapho indiza ebusika, ojantshi bangena emgodini, amabhungane andiza emhlanjini onesiphithiphithi.
• Imigwaqo ezindizayo ngokulinganayo indiza amaphiko ayo, ihlela kuphela lapho icwila emhlabathini. Izingwamza ikakhulukazi zisebenzisa indiza ekhuphukayo.
• Ezinye izinhlobo zezingwamza, ikakhulukazi izingulube ezimhlophe, azesabi abantu futhi zihlala eduze kwazo. Ama-cranes asaba abantu futhi akhetha ukuhlala kude nabo.

Ngakwesobunxele kukhona i-grey crane, ngakwesokudla kukhona unogolantethe omhlophe. Umbhali wesithombe ngakwesobunxele: UVyh Pichmann, CC BY-SA 3.0, umbhali wesithombe ngakwesokudla: susannp4, CC0.