Enye yezinyoni ezivame kakhulu i-sandpiper. E-Russia kuphela kunezinhlobo ezingama-75. Ngokubukeka, lezi zinyoni zifana kakhulu namajuba, kepha ngasikhathi sinezici ezihlukile. Izazi zesifo sezinhlungu zibabiza njengo-Charadriiformes. Sizobheka izinhlobo zezidalwa ezifuywayo ezivame kakhulu.
Sparrow Sandpiper
Lesi sinombala omnyama kakhulu omele izinyoni zasolwandle. Isisindo sayo asidluli kumagremu ayi-27. Inomlomo omfishane oqondile. Inobude obude (kufika ku-10 cm), kepha amaphiko amancanyana, iminwe emifushane, imilenze yobude obuphakathi. I-plumage yesifuba, imiphongolo, i-goiter, intamo, intamo nezihlathi kunombala obomvu. Izimpaphe nazo zinemisundu emsundu. Phansi kwenyoni kumhlophe. Izimpiko ezindizayo zinombala onsundu. Izimpaphe ezincane kumaphiko zinesisekelo esikhanyayo nemiphetho emnyama. ISandpiper (isithombe ngezansi) sishintsha umbala ebusika. Kubonakala i-hue-brown brown brown ngemuva, phansi kuhlala kukhanya, bese kuthi ukuvela kwe-ocher okungcolile eduze kwe-goiter.
Le sandpiper encane inyoni ye-tundra. Ihlala ezifundeni ezisukela emahlathini aseNorway kuya emikhawulweni ephansi yeLena. Ingahlangatshezwa kwezinye iziqhingi zase-Arctic Ocean. Kwesinye isikhathi inyoni ihlala ehlathini-tundra. ISandpiper iyinyoni efudukayo futhi ihamba iya e-Afrika, eSouth Asia ebusika futhi ihamba yonke indlela iye eTasmania. Abanye abamele bangabonakala besuka ohlangothini oluseningizimu yoLwandle lweCaspian.
Ukuvuvukala nenzalo ye-sandpiper
Ukubuyela ezindaweni zazo zomdabu, izinyoni zilungele iTokov. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-sandpiper ekundizeni iphakamisa amaphiko ayo, iwazinge. I-trill yakhe ingahle ifane nemisindo eyenziwe yintethe. Indawo yesidleke imvamisa ikhethwa ngaphansi kwesihlahla. Unqenqemeni onqenqemayo lumboza umgodi ngotshani wangonyaka odlule futhi ulchoboza kancane. Imigodi ingaba amaqabunga emifino emincane.
Imvamisa amaqanda amane lapho kubekwa khona i-sandpiper, anombala onsundu. Kepha imvamisa imibala yabo ingahluka kakhulu. Ukubekwa kwamaqanda, njengomthetho, kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kukaJuni, futhi maphakathi noma ukuphela kwenyanga ezayo kubukeka amajackethi. Kakade ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti, amaphuphu angaba ngokuphelele ngamaplamu, kepha ngasikhathi sinye awakwazi ukundiza. Kepha ngaphambi kokuba bandize, ama-sandpipers emindeni ehlukene azoba nesikhathi sokuhlangana emhlambini wawo. “Amalungu” alo ayandiza, futhi leli qembu elisanda kumiswa liqala ukuzulazula i-tundra, lilungiselela indiza ebusika. Lesi sikhathi sivame ukuba maphakathi no-Agasti bese siqhubeka kuze kufike izinsuku zokugcina zikaSepthemba.
Ukuziphatha kanye nokudla kwe-sandpiper
Njenganoma imuphi omunye umgodi wabalwandle (kwesinye isikhathi kukhona okuhlukile), umuntu omele lolu hlobo unendawo yokuzilibazisa. Izinyoni zigijima kahle nangokuthula futhi azixabani. Zibuye zidle buthule futhi zivame ukuthula. Ezimweni ezingavamile, bangaxhumana ngokuthula omunye nomunye ngesikhathi sokudla kwabo. Lapho umuntu ebona, bayaqhubeka nokuziphatha ezolile.
Isisekelo sokudla izinambuzane. Kwesinye isikhathi izinyoni zingabamba ama-crustaceans kanye nama-mollusks. Futhi la manzi aguqayo ayazithanda izibungu zegazi nezibungu zezinambuzane zasemanzini.
Magpie Waders
Le nyoni enezinwele inemilenze eqinile nomlomo omude oqondile. Inhlanganisela yemibala eyinhloko imnyama nomhlophe, kepha ezinye izinyoni zingaba nemibala e-brown noma nsundu ku-plumage. Kukhona abamele abangu-4 kule nkampani engaphansi, engahlanganiswa ibe yinhlobo eyodwa. Kepha esikhathini esiningi kukhona i-magpie ejwayelekile. Ubukhulu bale nyoni bufana nobukajuba. Yena, njengabanye abamele le nkampani engaphansi, unobuqhwaga obuqinile obude. Kwabanye abantu, akazange akhuliswe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uqhwaku lucindezelwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kulezo zidalwa zasolwandle ezihlala enyakatho, uqhwaku lufushaniswa kancane. Ama- “magpies” amadala asevele enentambo emnyama, inhloko, ingxenye engemuva, ingxenye yamaphiko nokuphela komsila. Ezinye izimpaphe zimhlophe ngokwebala.
Lezi zinyoni zinendawo encane yokukhanya ngaphansi kwamehlo abo. Izinyoni zaseNyakatho zingahlukaniswa nezinyoni zaseningizimu ngesilinganiso esikhulu sombala omnyama emaphikweni aso. Kepha ezinye izinyoni zasolwandle, ngokuya ngesimo sendawo yazo, zingaba mnyama ngokuphelele. ISandpipers yaseRussia inesisindo esingama-500 amagremu. Izimpiko zazo zifinyelela ku-26 cm.
Ukubhebhetheka
Ama- “Magpies” ajwayelekile ezungeze imifula eseMpumalanga Yurophu, kodwa eduze kwalawo aqondisa amanzi awo eningizimu. Zingatholakala futhi ngasogwini lweLwandle oluMhlophe nolweBarents. Lezi zinyoni zithanda ukuhlala eduze kwezigodi zemifula yeCentral Asia kanye neNtshonalanga yeSiberia. Izakhamizi zaseKamchatka ziyayazi nale nyoni enempilo. Indawo abahlala kuyo ayikhawulwanga eRussia. Bahlala ngasogwini lolwandle lwaseYurophu (eNyakatho neNtshonalanga), eMelika, e-Australia, e-Afrika, eNew Zealand, eTasmania. Ezindaweni zethu, lezi zinyoni ziyafuduka futhi ziya e-Asia noma e-Afrika ebusika.
I-Nesting Forty
Babuyela ekhaya ngezikhathi ezihlukile, ngokuya ngemvelaphi yabo yendawo. "Abomdabu" besiFunda saseMoscow bafika ngo-Ephreli, naseKandalaksha Bay izinyoni ezinjalo zidla eduze noMeyi. Izinyoni ezibuya ebusika zihlukaniswe zaba ngamaqembu, futhi ubuthi buqala. Ngalesi sikhathi, bandiza ngokukhala okukhulu, bedonsa umlomo wabo phansi besezingeni. Indlela yabo ilele kulayini oqondile. Lapho befika endaweni ethile, bayabuya. “Abalingani” abalishumi nambili bangabamba iqhaza endizeni enjalo. Leli qembu lezinyoni lihlukaniswa kancane kancane libe ngababili, elisuselwa ezindaweni zazo zokuhlala izidleke. Kungashiwo ukuthi le midlalo idlalwa yizinyoni ezindala kuneminyaka emithathu, kungale minyaka ukuthi zivuthwe. Eduze kolwandle iBarents, lokhu kuchichima kwenzeka ngoJuni.
Ama-Magpie waders ahlela izidleke zawo ogwini lolwandle, lapho kukhona khona imijondolo enomugqa obanzi we-littoral, imvamisa namabhisikidi. Ugu lungaba nesihlabathi, amatshe, amatshe, igobolondo. Uma izinyoni zihlala ngaphakathi ezweni, zikhetha ogwini lwamachibi noma imifula. Ephakathi nendawo, kwaphawulwa kaninginingi ukuthi abagwedli bahlale emasimini lapho kungekho gcina khona eduzane.
Imibhangqwana inendawo yayo esondelene yokwakha izidleke, eziyigadayo. Kepha, ngaphandle kwalokhu, bonke bangasondelana nezihlobo zabo. ISandpiper - inyoni, ebonakala ngesakhiwo sakudala esidlekeni. Ngakho-ke, “izibungu” zenza umgodi ongathembeki endaweni evulekile futhi uziphalise. I-clutch imvamisa inamaqanda ama-3, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ama-4 noma ama-2. Amaqanda abo makhulu ubude be-5-6 cm. Anombala okhanyayo ngombala futhi anemigqa emdaka nezinsizi. Bobabili abazali bamatasa ngokufakwa, futhi baphumelela kaningi. I-Hatching ihlala izinsuku ezingama-28.
Ngosuku lokuhoxa, ukukhukhumala okuncane sekuvele kushiya isidleke, kodwa hhayi kude, ukuze kube nethuba lokubhashela abazali. Izinyoni zidinga ukunakekela izingane zazo. Kwesinye isikhathi baphatha ukudla bekude ngakho-ke bangephuza ukudla, bese izingane zibulawa ukungondleki. Imichilo isikhathi eside ayikwazi ukuzondla. Ngakho-ke, abazali banamasonto amathathu okukhathazeka ngenzalo elambile.
Ososayensi baqinisekisile ukuthi i-sandpiper (isithombe esiphakanyisiwe ngenhla) sinamathiselwe endaweni yezidleke, futhi uma ibuya ebusika, ithatha indawo yayo yangaphambili.
Wader ukondla amashumi amane
Ukudla kwalezi zinyoni kwehlukene. Bayakwazi ukubamba izisulu zabo emhlabathini, emanzini angajulile futhi bemba bangcwatshwa emhlabathini. Ngakho-ke, kwimenyu yezinyamazane kukhona ama-crustaceans, ama-mollusks, ama-polychaetes, amacimbi, izinambuzane nezibungu. Uma kunokwenzeka, angabamba izinhlanzi ezincane. Ukwehlukanisa igobolondo le-crustacean, zisebenzisa umlomo onamandla. Amagobolondo ezinkukhu amancane angatholwa emadwaleni futhi afakwe emfucumfuweni ukuze kube lula ukuvula inyamazane. Uma inyamazane ingaphansi kwetshe, inyoni iyasichitha noma ibeke uqhwaku lwayo ngaphansi kwayo. Izakhamizi zesifunda sase-Orenburg zikhuluma ngeqiniso lokuthi ngemuva kokunisela izingadi, ama-wader-magpies ajwayiza ukundiza aqothule ama-wireworms amakhulu.
Ukuchazwa kwe-sandpiper emnyama yama-magpie
Lawa abamele i-oda ahlukile kosayizi abavamile bezinkumbi ezinobukhulu obungamashumi amane. Ngokwesisindo, angafinyelela ku-700 g. Amapayipi awo amnyama ngombala. Izithunzi ezimhlophe nezikhanyayo azikho ngokuphelele. Kukhona amathoni ansundu ngombala, imvamisa ingemuva, phansi nengxenye yamaphiko. Ubude bomobe busuka ku-6.5 kuya ku-8.5 cm. Futhi isici esiyingqayizivele yindandatho ezungeze amehlo obomvu. Imilenze enamandla i-pink ethambile. Owesifazane uhlukile kowesilisa onomlomo omude nangomzimba omnyama.
I-Magpie black magpie itholakala eNyakatho Melika kuphela (ogwini olusentshonalanga). Ngasohlangothini oluseningizimu, lezi zinyoni ziphila impilo enhle. Eduze nobusika, izinyoni zezifunda zasenyakatho zindiza lapha. Zihlala ikakhulu ezindaweni ezinamadwala futhi zigweme izindawo ezinezimila ezinotshani.
I-Shovel
Lolu hlobo lwamadamu luhluke kakhulu kwezihlobo, ngoba lunesakhiwo esikhethekile sogodo. Ukuphetha kwayo kunesandiso esifana ne-spatula. Lolu hlobo lweselula ikakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokudla, uchaza ikhanda lakhe ngesibindi futhi ngalesi sikhathi uphuthuma emanzini, ehla esiswini sakhe. Angaphenduka ngokuqhamukayo bese eshesha eqonda ngaphesheya, ashiye “spatula” sakhe emanzini. Ubude bamaphiko bungama-cm ayi-10.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwamafosholo kukhawulelwe. Indawo ehlala kuyo ingumhlaba waseChukchi, ukusuka eCape Vankarem kuya e-Anadyr Bay. Ngokubusika, le sandpiper iya eSoutheast Asia. Kwesinye isikhathi, phakathi nezindiza, le nyoni ihlangana nezinye izinhlobo zabahambi abancane. Yize ifosholo linesakhiwo soqhwaku olungajwayelekile, alibukeki lithandeka futhi liheha, ngakho-ke uma uqala ukubheka nje kungadidaniswa nesppper ejwayelekile. Lolu hlobo aluningi futhi alizami ukusakazwa ezindaweni eziningi, ngakho-ke lolohlu lweNcwadi ebomvu yaseRussia.
I-Sandpiper Sandpiper
Lolu hlobo lwezinyoni ezinemuva lunombala omnyama onsundu ngezimpaphe zodwa ezibomvu. Izipikili ezimnyama. Isifuba ne-goiter zinombala onsundu ngombala onamabala akhanyayo. Abesilisa banesisindo esingaba ngu-100 g, izinsikazi - kufinyelela kuma-g g angama-72. ubude be-wing - isilinganiso samasentimitha 13. Le nyoni ithanda ukuhlala ku-tundra yaseCanada nase-Alaska. Ingahlala nasetundra yaseSiberia (engxenyeni esenyakatho), isuka eNhlonhlo yaseChukchi iye e-East Taimyr. Muva nje, kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi ama-tasksh andiza aye eYurophu, ngakho-ke ama-ornithologists awalilahli ithemba lokuthi maduze lezi zingane zizinza ezingxenyeni zalo ezisentshonalanga.
Izinyoni ezihlala eSiberia ziya e-Alaska ekwindla, lapho zibheka eningizimu. Bachitha ubusika ezindaweni ezifudumele - ENingizimu Melika, eBolivia, e-Ecuador, eChile.
Ukubuyela emazweni abo omdabu, izinyoni ziqala imidlalo yokuzalela. Kuzo zonke ezinye ukunakwa okunemibala efanayo, iyi-sandpiper ngqo. Le nyoni iqala ukukhuphukela ekuphakameni okuncane futhi, lapho sebekhuphulile intamo yayo, yenza umsindo okufana nokushaya. Futhi, owesilisa angahlela ukusebenza ngokugijima ngentamo evuvukayo eduze kowesifazane. Ngemikhuba ethile, ubukeka njengegogo elimnyama phakathi nenkathi yamanje. Ngemuva kokuba umbhangqwana ususenzile, insikazi ifaka i-clutch, owesilisa afudukele kwenye indawo.
I-Curlew
Lezi zinyoni zinombala onsundu futhi zinomlomo omude futhi ophansi owugobile. Kepha into esemqoka ukuthi laba bameleli baphawuleka yingoba bakhulu kunabafeli bomhlaba. Owesilisa uchitha imidlalo yokuzalela eduzane nokukhethiweyo wakhe. Emhlabathini, iphakamisa amaphiko ayo, iqondise ubuhlalu bayo phansi naphezulu, iselule umsila wayo bese igoqa emuva. Ababili abakhona bahlala bethembekile komunye nomunye.
Indawo yesidleke ikhethwa ngowesilisa. Yena, enamathela emhlabathini, wenza umgodi ngezinyawo zakhe. Eduzane nomgodi wokuqala, ukhipha okunye okumbalwa. Owesifazane ukhetha enye ayithandayo, kanti izalukazi ziyamlandela ngotshani. Lapha, insikazi ibala eyodwa, kepha iqanda elikhulu elinombala womnqumo onama-brown aconsekileyo. Ngemuva kokuhlala izinsuku eziningana, uletha iqanda elilandelayo, abese ephinda futhi ubuyisele ngelesithathu nelesine. Yena naye ubamba iqhaza ekukhuthaleni. Ngaphambi kokuba kuvele iphuphu lokuqala, kufanele kudlule izinsuku ezingama-26 kuye kwezingu-28. Bobabili abazali babheke nezingane. Amathanga azobe elungele ukundiza eneminyaka engaphezulu kwenyanga. Ngemuva kwalokhu, imindeni eminingana enezingane ihlangana emhlambini owodwa futhi iqale ukuzulazula. Ebusika, baya eSouth Asia noma e-Afrika. Ukuhamba kwenzeka ekuqaleni, ngo-Agasti, kepha abanye abantu bangahlala isikhathi eside kuze kube uSepthemba. Kwesinye isikhathi eJalimane naseNgilandi, laba baleli bezinyosi banquma ukuqala ubusika kule ndawo.
Kunezindawo ezinhlanu ezihlala ezweni lethu, kanti eziyisishiyagalombili sezizonke.
I-Garnier
Lokhu ngci elincane kakhulu. Isisindo saso singama-gramu ayi-60 kuphela. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, abazingeli abaningi abavumeli ithuba lokumbamba, ngoba inyama yakhe imnandi kakhulu. Kepha kodokotela be-ornithologists, ukuthakathwa kwalezi zimfucu kuyathakazelisa. Uyawuzwa umsindo odabukisayo owenziwe udoti esimweni sezulu esipholile nesinamafu. Ngasikhathi sinye, akunakwenzeka ukubamba ukuthi ukucula kuvelaphi, ngoba i-sandpiper igeleza phezulu futhi ihamba ngamandla kakhulu. Imisindo yezinyoni ezidlala imidlalo yokuzalelisa ifana nokunyathela emhlabathini onamathisela: “top-top-top”.
I-Wader Waders
Ezweni lakithi, lokhu okunezinwele kuvame kakhulu, futhi, mhlawumbe, abaningi bekufanele bambone, beya emvelweni. ISpamp sandpiper, ngokungafani nezihlobo zayo eziningi, inesasasa elikhulu kubazingeli, ngoba inyama yayo inomusa futhi inambitheka ngokunambitheka.
Ingaziwa ngegama elihlukile - "godwit", "nettigel", futhi kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa nje ngokuthi "umnenke". Ngobukhulu, le nyoni enezinwele ifana nejuba, kepha njengoba uqhwaku lwayo, intamo nemilenze kunwebekile, kubukeka ngathi kukhulu. Umbala weplamu ubomvu ophuzi. Insikazi ikhulu ngosayizi, inezimpaphe ezigqamile. Yize abesilisa benentamo ebomvu kakhulu. Kusukela ebusika, izinyoni zibuyela emasimini azo maphakathi nentwasahlobo. Kusukela unyaka nonyaka bahlala endaweni yabo yendabuko, kodwa bangaphoqelelwa ukuthi bashintshe izindlu zabo ngomiswe yindawo yokugcina amanzi. Kulokhu, bathatha enye indawo yokubhukuda, ngaphandle kokubeka izidingo ngokweqile kuyo. Bobabili abazali banakekela inzalo. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi ukugcinwa ngokweqile konakalisa isidleke nohudo. Ifuna ukwethusa ezinye izinyoni nezinyamazane, iduna libonisa indawo yalo abazingeli. Ngeshwa, isifiso esingenakuqhathaniswa sabantu sokwenza inzuzo kuholele ekutheni izizukulwane zonke zabadwebi bezinkangala sechithiwe.
Incazelo Nezici
ISandpipers ihlukaniswa njengama-charadriiformes, ahlanganisa imindeni eyi-6. Ngokusho kwendawo, izinyoni zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu ehlathi, imashi, intaba, nesihlabathi. Yize kunezinhlobonhlobo, izinyoni zasolwandle zihlanganiswa yizici ezihlukile eziphawulwe ngabakwa-ornithologists.
Iningi lezinyoni lixhumene namanzi, lihlala ngasogwini lwemifula, amachibi, kanye nezibhuku, yize kukhona abamele ogwadule phakathi kwama-waders - ama-avdotki, ama-thickets asehlathini - okokhuni.
Esithombeni i-sandpiper yehlathi
Ukubuka okujwayelekile kwesi sandpiper kufana nokuphuma kwejuba emilenzeni ende yokuhamba emanzini angajulile, inhlabathi ebonakalayo. Kepha futhi kukhona abamele abanemilenze emifushane (i-lapwing, snipe).
Izinzwane ezintathu ezinyaweni, ukuthuthukiswa kwesine kubuthakathaka. Uma inyoni ingama-waterfowl, khona-ke izizathu ziyaxhunywa ngama-membranes. Umzimba umunene. Umsila mfushane, ungalokothi ubheke phezulu. Ezinye izinyoni ziyazijikisa ngenkathi zihamba.
I-sandpiper esithombeni ingaba sezingubo ezihlukile. Umbala wesiningi unesizotha, uyaqonda. Imibala emhlophe, ebomvu, emnyama, nengwevu. Kukhona okuhlukile - kukhanya ngokugqamile amaplamu kanye nemilenze ophuzi, umbala obomvu, isibonelo, izibungu, imilingo, ama-turukhtans. Ukuphuma kwabesilisa nabesifazane empeleni akuhlukile. ISandpiper ishintsha ama-plumage kabili ngonyaka.
I-sandpiper - inyoni eyi-marsh. Umlomo omude nomqondo omuhle kakhulu wokuthinta usiza ukukhipha ukudla esindeni somlilo. Umbono omuhle, ukuzwa kuyasiza emsebenzini wezinyoni ebusuku.
Indlela yokukhipha ukudla ihlotshaniswa nokwakheka kokugoba kogongolo - phansi, phezulu noma eceleni. Ama-receptors amaningi asiza ekutholeni ukudla.Ithuluzi eliyinhloko inyoni ekwazi ukuhambisa itshe ukuze ithole imollusk, isisindo salo esingaphansi kwesaso. Ngokuvamile amaphiko amade futhi abukhali.
Ukubukeka, osayizi bezidalwa ezifuywayo ezahlukahluka kakhulu. Ubude bezinyoni buyahlukahluka ku-15-62 cm, isisindo singasukela ku-200 g kuya ku-1,3 kg. Zonke izinyoni zasendle zingabagijimi abakhulu, izinyoni eziningi zingabhukuda kahle. Ukushintshwa kwezinyoni ezimeni ezihlukile zezulu kube nomthelela ekwakhiweni komhlaba kabanzi ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zomhlaba, ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica.
Izitha eziyinhloko zemvelo yasolwandle izinyoni ezidla inyama. Indlela ye-falcon idala ukwethuka okuzibonakalisa ngokukhwaza okukhulu kanye nokuntywila. Emanzini angajulile akukho ukuphunyula kwabafudlayo. Imikhaza imvamisa iba inyamazane yezimbungulu, izimbungulu, imidlwane nezimpungushe zase-Arctic. Ama-Skuas antshontsha amaqanda ezidlekeni.
Kwezinye izinhlobo ze-sandpiper, izinsikazi zinezinqwaba ezingefani nezowesilisa
I-Ornithologists ihlukanisa abagwedli abangama-214 emindenini eyi-13. Yize kunezinhlobonhlobo, izinhlobo eziningi zibhalwe kwiNcwadi ebomvu, amaColllew-nama-puffer athambile asesigabeni sezinhlobo ezisengozini.
Isizathu esiyinhloko impilo yomuntu: ukukhipha imijondolo, ukuthuthukiswa kwezindawo ezisogwini. Ukufuya izinyoni ezithunjiwe kuyinkinga. Izinhlobo ezithile kuphela ezaziwa ngokwandisa indawo yazo yokusatshalaliswa (ezakhiwe kanye nezinye).
Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane zasolwandle, lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo zaziwa kakhulu:
Godwits. Izinyoni ezinkulu ngokucophelela zokubukeka okuhle. Imilenze emide, uqhwaku lusiza uzizwe uqiniseka ohlangothini olunodaka, ezigudwini zama-steppe, ezimithini ezimanzi. Ngokuthula uhlangana nezinye izinyoni. Indiza ngokuphelele, gijima, ubhukude. Isambatho esimibalabala sifaka amapayipi amnyama namhlophe anama-splashes abomvu.
Ama-Curlews. Izinyoni ezinobukhulu obukhulu enoqhwaku oluphawuleke njengombala. Incazelo yeSandpiper empeleni iqukethe le mininingwane inyoni eyamukelwa ngokushesha. Ubude bomlomo bufika ku-140 mm. Umbala ungwevu womhlaba, umucu omhlophe uhlobisa umsila.
Ama-curlews ayizinhlobo zokuzingela, kepha kwezinye izingxenye zohla awakwazi ukudutshulwa. Ihlala ezindaweni ezinamachaphaza, izikhukhula. Ukubhukuda kahle. Indiza yenyoni iqinile, iyashesha, inamacala abukhali. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka, izinyoni zindiza nge-wedge, okungeyona evamile kubafuyi.
Amabhokisi esihlabathi. Ama-walad amahle amahle amafomu anomusa ahlala endaweni ye-tundra. Izinyoni zinomlomo omncane, imilenze emfishane emfushane. Ubukhulu bukhulu kunenkanyezi, umthethosisekelo uminyene. Amehlo amancane anika ukubukeka okufiphele.
Gcina umhlambi oqinile. Ukufana kondlunkulu kubonwa kwezinye izinhlobo: i-sandpiper enomsila omhlophe, i-sandpiper. Ebusuku, ama-sandboxes ayasebenza.
Snipe. Izinyoni ezincane zinomlomo omude kakhulu. Kunzima ukuxubana nezinye izihlobo zenyoka. Uthanda izindawo ezinomswakama ophezulu: ugcotshwa, ukubhukuda, ukubhukuda. Ukubhukuda okukhulu, ukwehluka.
Bachitha isikhathi esiningi emhlabathini, kepha bandiza kahle. Uma kwenzeka ingozi, amachwane asemathangeni adluliselwa ngisho endaweni entsha.
UZuyki. Izinyoni ezinobukhulu obuphakathi ezinekhanda elincane kanye noqhwaku olufushane. Agijimela ngemilenze ephansi ngesinyathelo sokunciphisa amandla. Izinyoni zinomsila omude, amaphiko abe ngamasentimitha angama-45. Izimpaphe zezimnyama, ezimhlophe, ezinombala onsundu zibomvu zakha umbala we-motley, ohlukahluka ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene: ezasolwandle, ezinamadwala, ezinamathele.
Ulite. Izakhamizi zezindawo eziphakathi nendawo zidwetshwe ngopende ompunga, kwesinye isikhathi kube nemisipha emnyama nomhlophe. Lokhu kukhethekile Abahlaselieguqa yonke indawo. Uqhwaku olude, imilenze ephakeme kanye nomzimba ophakathi nendawo kukhona okuhle kuyo yonke imigwaqo. Kutholakala abantu abakhulu, abanesisindo esingama-400 g.
Abathandi. Ngaphansi kunamanye amanzi adonswa emanzini. Izakhamizi ze-tundra ezinobukhulu bejuba. Imilenze ephakeme, umlomo omncane, umbala omnyama nompunga. Ithanda izikhala ezinkulu ezihamba phezu kwayo ngezindiza ezimfushane namaphazili.
ETurukhtan. Inyoni ehlobene neSandkin Iphuma nemibala ekhanyayo, engahambelani kulolu hlobo lonke. Abesilisa ngesikhathi sokuza kwemibala bavele imibala eluhlaza, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ophuzi, obomvu.
Omunye umehluko obalulekile yizimpawu zezinyoni ezilwayo. Izimpi, njengama-roosters, zivamile phakathi kwalawa manzi angaphansi komhlaba. Amakhola we-Fluffy, imilomo ye-rapier, iphonsa esitheni futhi ukuhlaselwa kwamaphiko kuveza izinhlamvu ezilwa zezinyoni.
Iziphazamiso azikuvimbeli ukuphumula okulandelayo okulandelayo endaweni yomphikisi wakamuva.
Indlela yokuphila kanye neHititat
Ensimini yawo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica, izidalwa ezihlala emanzini zihlala. Lokhu kungumhlambi wezinyoni ezibutha abantu abayizinkulungwane eziningana. Iningi lasemanzini lizihambisanayo, yize abamele nabo behlala phansi.
Mayelana, yiziphi izinyoni ezifudukayo noma cha, kusho indawo yabo yokuhlala nobusika. Ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa, ukuntuleka kokudla okujwayelekile kwenza abagwedli bashiye izindawo zabo ezijwayelekile. Cishe bonke bathutha amabanga amade ukusuka ezindaweni zabo zomdabu.
Ngaphandle kwezitobha, izinyoni zasolwandle zingahlanganisa amabanga angafika ku-11,000 km, ezindiza ezintabeni, ogwadule, kanye nezidumbu zamanzi. AbaseSiberia bandiza ebusika e-Australia, bandiza besuka e-Alaska baye eningizimu ye-Argentina.
Ngesikhathi sokufuduka, imihlambi yezinyoni zasolwandle yenza iziququ zobunzima ezingxenyeni ezihlukile zolwandle. Lapho, izinyoni zithola ukudla ukuze zithole amandla okuhamba ibanga elide.
E-Russia, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zabahlali bezinyoni zitholakala yonke indawo. Ama-zuiks amancane, okokodo, kanye namawashi ahlala eMpumalanga Ekude. EPrimorye - indawo esidlekayo yama-godwits, ugu lwasemifuleni yezintaba - indawo okwazalelwa kuyo Ussuri zuiks.
Ama-Waders akagcini nje ukundiza kahle, kodwa futhi agijimela emhlabathini, ukubhukuda, ukuhudula. Abaningi izinhlobo zabahlali ingathanjiswa. Kuyasebenza futhi kuyathandeka, ekuthunjweni, kuthathwa izimpande kahle, ukujwayela ukuphaka okwenziwa ekhaya.
Bazivumelanisa nemvelo entsha, abamesabi umuntu, bayazizwa futhi baphendule ekunakekelweni. Imizamo yokulondolozwa kwemvelo yasolwandle ebhalwe kwiBhuku eliBomvu ihlanganiswa nobunzima bokuzala.
Umsoco
ISandpiper - Inyoni amadamu. Ukudla kwezinyoni kuqukethe izidalwa zasemanzini, zasemhlabeni zomhlaba - lezi yizikelemu, ama-crustaceans, ama-mollusks, izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene. Izinyoni ezidla inyama zidla amagundane namaxoxo, izibungu; ehlobo, isikhonyane siba ngumkhosi wezinyoni ezinemibala, ezixakwa ngobuningi.
Ama-Waterfowl waders aze azishayele ihlasela lawo. Eminye imvelo edotshwa izimbotshana ngemifino, ngembewu, nangamajikijolo. Umuthi okhethekile ama-blueberries.
Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside
Isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwe-waders sivulwa ngo-Ephreli. Ukuhlangana kwenzeka ngokuthile nangamaqembu amakhulu. Isiko lokuheha umlingani liyahlukahluka phakathi kwamaqembu ahlukahlukene wabahlali.
Isibonelo, ama-zuizs olwandle ashesha emoyeni nge-trill, futhi emhlabathini asabalalisa umsila wawo nge-fan bese ejaha izinsikazi. Ngezinyawo, ukubamba ukunakwa kuboniswa ushintsho olukhulu endleleni yokundiza. Ama-Curlews andiza phezulu embuthanweni futhi ahlabelele ngomculo.
Ubuhlobo bokuhlobanisa i-sandpiper buhlukile, bubonakala ngezindlela ezilandelayo:
- I-monogamy - ukubhangqa isizini, ukuqhaqhaza kanye nokunakekela inzalo. Uhlobo lomshado oluvame kakhulu
- polygyny - ukumatanisa owesilisa nabesifazane abehlukene ngesizini, kuqeda ukubamba iqhaza ekungeneni futhi kunakekele izingane,
- ama-polyandries - ukuzalanisa izinsikazi nezinsikazi ezihlukile, kubeka amaqanda ezidlekeni eziningana. Ukufakwa ngaphakathi nokunakekelwa kwabesilisa kwenziwa ngabesilisa,
- isidleke kabili - ukubeka amaqanda izidleke ezimbili. Okokuqala, insikazi ngokwayo ibamba amantshontsho, okwesibili - owesilisa uyanakekela. Usizo kumanzi asanda kuzalwa nawo lunikezwa ngokwehlukile.
Ama-sandpipers adlekelwa phansi, amaqanda alala emigodini ngaphandle kokulahlwa. Ezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni zibamba izidleke zasemzini ezihlahleni.
Amakati aqala ukubonwa, umzimba onobukhulu phansi. Yize izingane zikwazi ukuzondla zisuka ekuzalweni, abazali bakhathazeka ngenzalo: ziyafudumala, zivikele, futhi ziholele ezindaweni zokudla. Uma kwenzeka ingozi, abagwedli bavikela ngenhliziyo yonke isidleke futhi bahlasele isitha.
Eminyakeni emibili, izingane zilungele ukuguga. Isilinganiso sokuphila esilinganiselwe sifinyelela eminyakeni engama-20.
Ukudonswa kwezindawo nokuthuthuka kweningi kunciphisa izindawo ezinendawo yokuhlala, kusongela ukunciphisa abantu. Ukusondelana nabantu kuyingozi ngezinyoni, kepha ngabantu kuphela abangadala izimo zokusindiswa kwezinhlobo ezingadumile zabaphilayo.