Utshela ukuthi ama-lemmings ahamba njalo ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa, athathwe ngumuntu ongaziwa, aye emadwaleni nasogwini lolwandle ukuze ahlanganyele ngokuzithandela nokuphila kwabo okuyisinengiso kubo.
Abadali befilimu ebhalwe ukuthi "The White Wasteland" enikezelwe kwizilwane zaseCanada baba nomthelela omkhulu ekusakazeni lokhu kusungulwa.. Ababhali be-cinematograph ngemishanelo bajikisa isixuku sezimonyo ezazitholwa ngaphambili emanzini omfula, baveza ukuzibulala kwabo ngobuningi. Futhi izilaleli zefilimu zithathe isitashi esimiswe ngamanani obuso.
Kodwa-ke, amadokhumenti, ngokunokwenzeka, ngokwawo adukiswa yizindaba ezingathembekile zokuzibulala ngokuzithandela, okuyinto ngandlela thile ezisize ekuchazeni ukwehla okukhulu kwama-lemmings.
Izazi zesimanje zezinto eziphilayo zithole umkhuba wokuwohloka okungazelelwe kwesibalo sabantu abalimile, okuphawulwa kude kakhulu minyaka yonke.
Lapho lezi zihlobo ze-hamster zingenakho ukushoda kokudla, ziba nokuqhuma kwesibalo sabantu. Izingane ezizalelwe umhlaba nazo zifuna ukudla, futhi maduze inala yokudla okuphakelayo, okuphoqa ulamula ukuthi uhambe uyofuna imifino emisha.
Kwenzeka ukuthi umzila wabo udlula hhayi kuphela ngomhlaba: imvamisa amanzi asemifuleni nasenyakatho asakazeka phambi kwezilwane. I-Lemmings ingabhukuda, kepha ayikwazi ukubala amandla ayo ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi iyafa. Isithombe esinjalo, esabonakala ngesikhathi sokufuduka kwezinyamazane, kwakha isisekelo sezinganekwane zokuzibulala kwabo.
Emndenini we-hamster
Lezi zilwane ezinamakhaza ziyizihlobo ezisondelene zamaphayi nama-voles. Umbala we-lemmings awuhlukile: imvamisa ngombala onsundu noma onsundu, omhlophe kakhulu ebusika.
Iziqalo ezincane zoboya (ezinesisindo kusuka ku-20 kuye ku-70 g) azikhulisi ngaphezu kuka-10-15 cm ngokufakwa kwamasentimitha ambalwa emsileni ngamunye. Ebusika, izindlawu ezisebunzini ziyanda, ziphenduka zibe ngamahloka noma zibe amafliphu. Izinzipho eziguquliwe zisiza ama-lemmings ukuthi angaweli eqhweni elijulile futhi aliklebhule lapho efuna u-moss.
Uhla luhlanganisa iziqhingi ze-Arctic Ocean, kanye ne-tundra / ihlathi-i-tundra ye-Eurasia neNyakatho Melika. Ama-lemmings aseRussia atholakala eChukotka, eFar East naseNhlonhlo yeKola.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ama-rodents ahola indlela yokuphila esebenzayo ngaphandle kokucasha ubusika. Ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka, imvamisa benza izidleke ngaphansi kweqhwa, bedla izingxenye zezitshalo.
Ngenkathi efudumele, ama-lemmings ahlala emiseleni, okuholela kuyo ilebhu ebhekene nomoya ohamba ngezinyathelo eziningi.
Imikhuba
I-rodent yasenyakatho ithanda ukuba yodwa, ivame ukungena ekulweni nokuhlaselwa yimismosa endaweni yayo yasemuva.
Izinhlobo ezithile ze-lemmings (ngokwesibonelo, ihlathi) zifihla ngokucophelela izimpilo zazo emahloni anamahloni, ezingena ezindlini zokukhosela ebumnyameni.
U-Alien kuye nokubonakaliswa kokunakekelwa kwabazali: ngokushesha ngemuva kocansi, abesilisa bashiya izintokazi ziyanelisa indlala yazo engapheli.
Naphezu kobukhulu bawo obuhlekisayo, ingozi esesimweni somuntu ihlangabezwa ngesibindi - zingasongela ukugxuma nokushaywa ikhwela, ziphakamile emilenzeni yazo yangemuva noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zihlale phansi zimsabise lowo ozingenayo, zigwedla phambi kwangaphambi kwakhe njengebhokisi.
Lapho bezama ukuthinta, bakhombisa ulaka ngokuluma isandla eseluliwe. Kepha lezi "zindlela ezinamandla" zokulwa azikwazi ukwesabisa izitha zemvelo ze-lemmings: munye kuphela ongaphunyuka kuzo - indiza.
Umsoco
Zonke izimonyo zenziwe ngezithako zamakhambi, njenge:
- aluhlaza moss
- okusanhlamvu,
- ukhipha izigaxa kanye namajikijolo ama-blueberries, ama-lingonberry, ama-blueberries nama-Cloudberry,
- Amahlumela omswakama,
- ukudonsa,
- izihlahla ze-tundra.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukuze ulondoloze izinga elanele lamandla, ama-lemmings adinga ukudla kabili uma enesisindo. Esikhathini esingaphezu konyaka, i-rodent yabantu abadala ibamba imifino engaba ngu-50 kg: akumangazi ukuthi i-tundra, lapho idili lemimu iqala ukubukeka.
Impilo yesilwane ingaphansi kohlelo oluqinile, lapho kulandelwa ihora ngalinye lesidlo sasemini amahora amabili okulala nokuphumula, ngezikhathi ezithile kugxiliswa ocansini, ukuhamba nokufuna ukudla.
Ukuntuleka kokudla kuthinta kabi i-psyche yama-lemmings. Azideleli izitshalo ezinobuthi futhi zizama ukuzingela izilwane ezidlula usayizi wazo.
Ukuntuleka kokudla kuyimbangela yokufuduka okuningi kwamagundane ebangeni elide.
I-Amur Lemming
Akakhuli ngaphezu kuka-12 cm. Le nduku ingaqashelwa umsila wayo, olingana nobude bonyawo lwangemuva, nezinwele ezinwele ezinemilenze. Ehlobo, umzimba upendiwe onsundu, uvinjelwe ngamabala abomvu esihlathini, indawo engezansi yesibungu, izinhlangothi nesisu. Umugqa omnyama ubonakala usuka phezulu, oqina kakhulu ekhanda nalapho udlulela emuva.
Ebusika, le strip ayibonakali, futhi ijazi liba lula futhi libe isikhathi eside, lizuze umbala onsundu ofanayo ngombala ongaphakathi obumpunga nobomvu. Amanye ama-lemmings e-Amur anezimpawu ezimhlophe ezibonakala ku-chin futhi eduze nezindebe.
Lemming Vinogradova
Lolu hlobo (kufika ku-17 cm ubude) luhlala izikhala ezivulekile ze-tundra eziqhingini. Izilwane zigcina ukudla okuningi kwegatsha, zikhetha ukudla utshani nezihlahlana.
Imigoqo ye-Rodent ayinqayizivele kakhulu futhi ifana namadolobha amancane. Kuzo, izinsikazi zizala ama-5-6 cubs kusuka ezikhathini ezi-2 kuya kwezi-3 ngonyaka.
Izilima eziyizimbotshana
Isakhamuzi sase-Arctic kanye ne-subarctic tundra kusuka ogwini olusempumalanga yoLwandle Olumhlophe kuya eBering Strait, kubandakanya uNovaya noSevernaya Zemlya. Leli pipi li-11 kuya ku-14 cm ubude kungatholakala lapho kukhula khona ama-moss, ama-birch nama-willow, ezindaweni ezinamaxhaphozi kanye nasemadwaleni atundra.
Igama lanikezwa ngenxa yezicucu ezimbili eziphakathi emabunzini angaphambili, ezibukeka njengeqhwa.
Ehlobo, lesi silwane simpunga ngombala ocacile we-tust ekhanda nasemaceleni. Esiswini, ijazi limpunga emnyama, umucu omnyama omnyama ugijimela emuva, futhi kukhona “indandatho” elula entanyeni. Ebusika, umbala wobovu uyaphela.
Idla amaqabunga / amahlumela we-birch ne-willow, izingxenye zomoya / ama-blueberries namafu. Uvame ukugcina ukudla emiseleni, lapho i-lemmings ivame ukuchitha lonke ihlobo. Lapha izingane (5-6) zivela izikhathi ezintathu ngonyaka.
Uphethe amanxusa okubangwa yi-leptospirosis ne-tularemia.
I-lemming yehlathi
Iringi elimpunga elimnyama elinesisindo esingama-45 g ngesigaxa esimnyama esinsundu emhlane. Ukuphila e-taiga kusuka eScandinavia kuya eKamchatka naseMongolia (enyakatho), kanye naseRussia North. Ukhetha amahlathi (aqukethe futhi axubile), lapho ama-moss ekhula khona ngobuningi.
Ama-lemmings amahlathi anikela ngamalitha ama-3 njalo ngonyaka, kulethwa kuwo amawundlu amane kuya kwayi-6.
Kubhekwa njengesiphathi semvelo se-tularemia bacillus.
I-Norming Lemming
Abantu abadala bakhula babe ngu-15 cm. Ihlala e-tundra esezintabeni eNhlonhlo yeKola naseScandinavia. Ukufuduka, kuncipha kuyi-taiga kanye nehlathi-tundra.
Ukugcizelelwa okuyinhloko kokudla okunempilo kuma-moss aluhlaza, okusanhlamvu, i-reindeer moss ne-sedge, ngaphandle kokuyeka i-lingonberry nama-blueberries.
Imibala yemibala, bese kudonswa umugqa omnyama okhanyayo emhlane we-tan. Ubuvila ukumba izimbobo, ubheka izindawo zokuphephela zemvelo, lapho ezala khona izingane eziningi: kuze kufinyelele ezinganeni ezi-7 kwilitha elilodwa. Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, ama-lemmings abesifazane baseNorway aletha amalitha ama-4.
I-Siberian Lemming
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye i-lemmings ezifuywayo, kuphakama ukuzimela okuphezulu: insikazi inamalitha angama-5 ngonyaka, kuleyo naleyo nto izala izingane ezi-2 kuya kwezingu-13.
Ihlala ezindaweni ze-tundra zoMbuso WaseRussia ukusuka eNyakatho Dvina entshonalanga kuya empumalanga yeKolyma, kanye neziqhingi ezikhethiwe zoLwandle i-Arctic.
Njengoba inesisindo esingama-45 kuye kwangama-130 g, lesi silwane sifinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-16-16. Ebusika nasehlobo kupende ngokufanayo - ngamathoni abomvu-aphuzi ngentambo emnyama egijima ngemuva.
Ukudla kufaka ama-mosses aluhlaza, i-sedge, izihlahlana ze-tundra. Njengomthetho, uhlala eqhweni ezidlekeni ezifana namabhola enziwe ngeziqu namaqabunga.
Kuyinto yokuphatha i-pseudotuberculosis, i-tularemia kanye ne-hemorrhagic fever.
Isisetshenziswa senhlalo
Kumakhaza, ezinye izinhlobo ze-lemmings zinyathela umphimbo wesifiso sabo sokuphila bodwa futhi zinqwabelane. Abesifazane abanezalo banamathele endaweni ethile, kanti abesilisa bazulazula emahlathini naseTundra beyofuna imifino efanelekayo.
Uma kunokudla okuningi futhi kungekho mkhaza obandayo, inani labantu abalamula i-lemmings likhula ngokuxhuma nangemingcele, likhiqize ngisho nangaphansi kweqhwa futhi lijabulise izinyamazane ezidla izindla kulezi ezisenyakatho.
Kuzalwa ama-lemmings amaningi, kucebisa impilo ye-arctic fox, i-ermine nesikhova esimhlophe.
Kuyathakazelisa! Uma izinduku zisenkingeni, isikhova asilingi ngisho nokuzalela amaqanda, sazi ukuthi ngeke sikwazi ukondla amantshontsho aso. Inani elincane le-lemmings liphoqa i-arctic fox ukuba ihambe iyofuna inyamazane ukusuka e-tundra iye kuyi-taiga.
Amagundane amelana neqhwa ahlala kusuka eminyakeni eyi-1 kuye kwengama-2.
Ukuzala
Indlela yokuphila emfushane ivuselela ukuzala okukhulayo nokuzala kokuqala kwama-lemmings.
Izinsikazi zingena esigabeni sokuzala zisuka nje sezinezinyanga ezi-2 ubudala, kanti abesilisa bayakwazi ukuzalisa masinyane lapho benamasonto ayisithupha ubudala. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha amasonto ama-3 futhi kufinyelele ekuzalweni kwama-lemmings amancane ayi-6. Isibalo esiphezulu selitha ngonyaka ziyisithupha.
Amandla okuzala kwamagundane asenyakatho awaxhomeki esikhathini sonyaka - aletha inzalo yawo phansi kwesithwathwa eqhweni eliqhekeka kakhulu. Ngaphansi kwesembozo seqhwa, izilwane zakha isidleke, sizifaka ngotshani ngamahlamvu notshani.
Kuyo, kuzalwa isizukulwane esisha sama-lemmings.
