Igama lesi Latin: | Charadrius hiaticula |
Isigcawu: | I-Charadriiformes |
Umndeni: | I-Charadriiformes |
Ngokwengeziwe: | Incazelo yezinhlobo zaseYurophu |
Ukubukeka nokuziphatha. I-sandpiper encane enkulukazi lwenkanyezi, eyakhiwe ngokuqinile, inenhloko enkulu, eyindilinga, umlomo omncane omncane onamaphini amabili nephethini emnyama nomhlophe ehlukile ekhanda nasesifubeni. Amaphiko wobude obuphakathi, obukhali futhi obumfishane, umsila wobukhulu obuphakathi, onqunywe cishe ngokuqondile. Ubude bomzimba 18-18 cm, amaphiko angama-48-52 cm, isisindo 40-80 g.
Incazelo. Iduna elidala lingwephuzi onsundu ngenhla, limhlophe ngezansi, kodwa esinqeni kukhona umucu omnyama odlulayo oqonde ezinhlangothini zentamo bese wenza ikhola emnyama egoqa umgexo omhlophe ngemuva. Imicu emnyama ebanzi igijimela umqhele wekhanda. I-frenum kanye ne-strip ngaphansi kwamehlo kumnyama. Ibunzi limhlophe, kuphela kwisisekelo somlomo umucu omncane omnyama. Kunendawo emincane emhlophe ngenhla nangemuva kwamehlo. Ngemuva komqhele wekhanda nenape kuyinto brownish-grey. Isilevu nomphimbo zimhlophe. Izimpaphe zomsila ophakathi zimpunga ngombala onsundu, zibamnyama zibheke kumphumela; lo mbala owedlulele uvame ukumhlophe ngokuphelele.
Izimpaphe zomsila ezisele zinezikhonkwane ezimhlophe namabala amnyama apical. Ezinyoni ezindizayo, umucu omfishane omhlophe ubonakala kahle ephikweni. Imilenze ingumbala osawolintshi, ophuzi-kathathu, phakathi kweminwe ephakathi nengaphandle ulwelwesi oluncane. Uqhwaku luwolintshi ngensimbi emnyama, uthingo lube nsundu. Eduze kwamehlo kukhona indandatho emfishane, e buthaka kakhulu ekhanyayo. Abesifazane banemibala efanelana nabesilisa, kepha ayikho indandatho ephuzi esweni, kunezimpaphe eziningi ezinsundu ku-goiter, umucu omnyama odabula i-frenulum ngaphansi kweso onsundu, hhayi onsundu.
Izinyoni zabantu abadala ezembathweni zasebusika zinombala, njengasehlobo, kuphela uhlangothi olungaphezulu lomzimba lube mnyama kakhulu, i- “tie” nephethini emnyama ekhanda ibunjiwe, isigaxa samehlo nebunzi ngokuthinta okubucayi, imilenze ayikhanyi kakhulu, inephunga elinsundu. enesisekelo sombala onsundu esikhundleni sosawolintshi. Izinyoni ezincane ezigqokeni sentsha zinombala onsundu ngokunsomi ngezinsika ezishintshashintshashintshayo ezimpaphe ngakunye, zenza iphethini eyingqayizivele yesikali. Akukho mshini omnyama ngaphesheya komqhele wekhanda. Imichilo ezinhlangothini zekhanda ibinsundu. Imichilo enqamula i-goiter ("uthayi") onsundu, inciphile kunabantu abadala. Beak ngaphandle ophuzi ezansi, imilenze ingcolile-buffy. Izinyoni ezincane ezimpukwini zokuqala zobusika zipendiwe njengezinyoni ezincane ngengubo yentsha, kodwa ngaphandle kwephethini elibukhali.
Izinyoni ezincane ezigqoke ingubo yokuqala yokuzuka azihlukaniseki kubantu abadala. I-Downy chick phezulu inombala onsundu ngombala omnyama onamabala abushelelezi noma aphuzi okwe-fluff. Imicu emnyama igijimisa uqhwaku iye esweni, omunye umucu omnyama welula ebunzini uya ekhoneni lekhanda. I-nape ifakwa umucu omnyama ofinyelela emaceleni wangemuva wamehlo. Kukhona umgexo omhlophe entanyeni. Ngaphansi komzimba omhlophe, ezinhlangothini zegogo eduze kwendawo encane emnyama. Ihluka njenge-zoo encane esisekelo sewolintshi yoqhwaku lwayo, ukungabi khona kwendandatho ecacile ephuzi eseduze kwamehlo, ukungabi khona kokufiphaza okumhlophe ngemuva komucu omnyama ngaphambili, nasezinyoni ezindizayo - umucu omhlophe obonakala ngokucacile eceleni kwephiko. Ihluka nge-zuik yasolwandle "yothayi" ovaliwe, imilenze ephuzi e-orange kanye nesisekelo sezindebe. Umehluko omuhle yizwi (ucingo). Izimbambo ezincane zihlukaniswa kangcono amashiya amancane amancane ngumugqa omhlophe ophikweni.
Vota. Ukukhala kwekhompiyutha - ukukhala kwe-melodic monosyllabic "ngokushesha". Ngokukhathazeka - kuvezwe "bale", Uma iphambukiswa esidlekeni noma ebusheni - itrill ebunjiwe eyenziwe yabumbeka. Ngesikhathi sokuzwana, owesilisa ukhipha ikhwela elinamandla eliphindayo "Kuwiu-Kuwiu-Kuwiu. ».
Isimo Sokusabalalisa. Kuyisilwane esinendawo ecishe ibe isiyindilinga yokuhlala, ngasemaphethelweni nasemifuleni emikhulu engena kwezinye izindawo ezindaweni eziphakeme zaseYurophu nase-Asia. Ihlala empumalanga yeGreenland neCanada Arctic, futhi indiza iye entshonalanga ye-Alaska. E-Russia yase-Europe, izidalwa ezihlala esidlekeni ezihlala eziqhingini ze-Arctic Ocean, indawo ye-tundra ne-tundra yehlathi, kwesinye isikhathi zingena esifundeni esisenyakatho naphakathi nendawo (oLwandle Olumhlophe, esiGodini sasePechora) nasogwini lolwandle kuze kufike eningizimu - eBaltic. Ekufudukeni kungatholakala kulo lonke elaseYurophu iRussia. Ubusika ogwini lweMedithera lwaseYurophu, ogwini lweNhlonhlo yase-Arabia kanye ne-Afrika, kufaka phakathi neMadagascar.
Indlela yokuphila. Indiza isiza ezindaweni ezidlekayo phakathi kweqhwa, eningizimu yebanga ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, kuya e-tundra nasehlathini le-tundra ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi. Njengomthetho, izinyoni zindiza zodwa, abesilisa ngokushesha bangena ezindaweni zabo ezinkulu futhi baqale ukushada. Iduna livame ukugeleza endaweni ephansi, indizela emibuthanweni engahambelani, lenze amaphiko aqinile futhi ajulile ngamaphiko futhi lishaye ngapha nangapha, ngenkathi lihlabelela ngokuqhubekayo. Ngemuva kokubhanqa, abesilisa bayayeka ukwakhiwa.
Ihlala esihlabathini esingenalutho lwamabhishi olwandle, osebeni lomfula kanye namasystems, phakathi kokushaywa yindawo enesihlabathi futhi okugcwele indawo ethambile emagqumeni nasezintabeni zama-tundra, ezintabeni nasezintabeni zezinyawo. Uhlala ngokuzithandela endaweni enthropogenic eceleni kwasemaphandleni, ezindaweni zokuchitheka komhlaba, ezindaweni zokudluliselwa kwamahlathi. Kuzo zonke izimo, okufuneka kuqala ukuba khona kogu oluseduze oluvulekile lwesihlambi esisebenza njengendawo yokudla.
I-fossa ye-nesting ivame ukufakwa ngamatshe amatshe amancane, lapho kungekho khona - ngezingcezu zomhlaba, izingcezu zezinduku, kukhona izidleke ngaphandle kokufakwa. I-Clutch iqukethe amaqanda ama-4, kwesinye isikhathi amaqanda ama-3. Umbala wamaqanda ubunjiwe fawn, isihlabathi esikhanyayo, kwesinye isikhathi nge-brownish, noma iblue noma tint greenish. Ihlakazeke ngemuva ingemuva okuyizichashazi, amabala amnyama ansundu noma amnyama namabala, ngokuvamile kugxilwe ekugcineni. Bobabili laba bazali basebenzisana ngokubandlulula izinsuku ezingama-22- 24.
Uma kwenzeka ingozi, ishiya esidlekeni ngaphambi kwesikhathi bese ibaleka, uma itholakala, bese “isiphambukisa” ngokucophelela, okubonisa inyoni elimele noma ukufukamela. Izinkukhu zidonsa izinsuku ezingama-1-2, bobabili abazali bavame ukunakekela amaphuphu amancane, kepha ngamachwane amakhulu, kuphela owesilisa ovame ukuwagcina. Indima yabazali ekunakekeleni inzalo yemibhangqwana ehlukene ibonakala ihlukile. Abantu abadala banakekela amachwane ngaphambi kokuba bavukele ephikweni. Izinyoni zabantu abadala zivame ukushiya izindawo ezizalela ngaphambi kwezingane.
Thuthela wedwa, ngamaqembu amancane noma emihlambini, yima onqenqemeni nasogwini lwamanzi asenkabeni. Ukufuduka kwentwasahlobo kuvame ukwenzeka ngo-Ephreli noma ngoMeyi. Ukufuduka kwe-Autumn kunwetshiwe futhi kuqhubeka kusukela ekuqaleni kukaJulayi noma ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti osebeni lweBaltic kuze kube sekupheleni kukaSepthemba ezweni elikhulu, isiqongo saso siwela ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti noma ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba.
Idla izinambuzane ezigijimayo, izicabucabu, emaphethelweni omzimba wamanzi - ama-mollusks, izibungu, ama-crustaceans, izibungu zomiyane.
Tie Incazelo
Ubude bomzimba wethayi buvame ukungabi ngaphezu kwama-20 cm, amaphiko angabi ngaphezu kwesigamu semitha, isisindo singama-gramu angama-50-60 kuphela. Ingxenye engenhla yeplamu lenyoni ngimpunga, nsundu noma nsundu, ingxenye engezansi imhlophe. Ekhanda lesibopho ngamehlo kudlula umucu omnyama ofana nesigaxa kwabaningi. Isisekelo soqhwaku nezidladla zothayi kungololintshi okhanyayo. Ngesikhathi sendiza, umucu omude omhlophe uyabonakala ngaphakathi kwephiko. Ebusika, ngesikhathi sendiza, umbala wenyoni ungashintsha - ingemuva liba nsundu ngokwengeziwe futhi limuncu, uqhwaku luphulukana nombala walo we-orange, lube mnyama futhi lube buthuntu. Owesifazane empeleni akahlukile ngombala owesilisa, ngaphandle kombala we- "blindfold" emehlweni akhe. Ewesilisa, lo mucu une-tint emnyama ejulile, kanti kowesifazane ungowokukhanya okuncane, kube nsundu noma kube mpunga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesilisa, njengenjwayelo, bakhulu kunamantombazane abo.
Ukuzala kabusha
Ubudlelwano phakathi kowesilisa nowesifazane uthayi bungabhekwa njengobuhle. Lesi yisibonelo esihle sendlela bobabili abazali ababamba iqhaza ngayo ekukhuliseni, ekondleni nasekuvikeleni amachwane. Izinyoni zalolu hlobo zinomqondo owodwa, khetha i-pair kube kanye empilweni. Kwenzeka kaningi ukuthi ebusika lo mbhangqwana uhlukaniswe, ngoba ngamunye wabo undiza ngezindlela ezihlukile. Kodwa-ke, entwasahlobo, ngesikhathi sokuzalela, abazali besikhathi esizayo baphinde bahlangane. Njengomthetho, izinsikazi zifika ngaphambi kokuqala kobusika futhi ngesonto kufika owesilisa. UConstant ubonakala hhayi ngokugoqa kuphela, kodwa futhi nasekuhleleni izidleke. Njengoba usakhe isidleke kanye, ama-neckties azoyisebenzisa impilo yawo yonke noma aze alungele ukudonsa inzalo. Ngemuva kokuhlangana kowesifazane nowesilisa, kuqalwa imidlalo yokuzalela, ehlala okungenani amasonto amabili - izinyoni 'ziyageleza' ngalesi sikhathi.
Njengomthetho, owesilisa wakha isidleke. Wenza ukwenaba enhlabathini enesihlabathi esithambile noma athola umgodi okhona (imvamisa, lokhu kuyisihlahla sonyawo kusuka kwenselo). Ngaphansi kwesidleke esizayo kufakwa emabhulini noma emaqhugwaneni. Lapho isidleke sesikulungele, insikazi iqala ukubeka amaqanda - cishe eyodwa kuzo zonke izinsuku ezingama-2-3. Ngokwesilinganiso, amaqanda ama-4 nge-clutch ngayinye. Ingaphezulu lamaqanda limpunga noma nsundu elinenombolo enkulu yokugxilisa ngaphakathi. Ngakho-ke, kunzima kakhulu ukuqaphela amaqanda ngamatshe amatshe noma ngesihlabathi. Hatch amaqanda cishe inyanga, bobabili abazali bakwenza lokhu, ngezikhathi ezithile bebuyiselwa omunye komunye eposini. Ngemuva kwamachaphazelo amachwane, adinga amanye amasonto amathathu ukuze aqine futhi ame phiko. Ngokushesha lapho lokhu kwenzeka, lo mbhangqwana ulungiselela ukubeka phansi i-clutch yesibili. Njengomthetho, uma yonke inzalo isinda, imfuhlumfuhlu emibili imvamisa yanele kubazali. Uma izidleke zacekelwa phansi yizinyoni zezinyamazane noma ama-amphibians, zibophela emzabalazweni wokwenziwa kabusha kohlobo lokudla okungama-5 ngesikhathi sokuzalela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akuwona wonke amachwane asinda futhi afunde ukuzimela ngokuzimela - lokhu kungenzeka kuphela ngabanamandla, abahlakaniphe nabanamandla. Ngokwesilinganiso, yingxenye yesithathu kuphela yamantshontsho eba ngabantu abadala futhi baphile esimweni semvelo.
Amathayi Ahehayo
Umhlaba wezinhlobo ezithile zezinyoni wembule imininingwane eminingi ethokozisayo kumuntu, futhi nakanjani uthini.
- Kwesinye isikhathi kwenzeka ukuthi umbhangqwana ofundile uhlukane - uma omunye wabalingani efa phakathi nobusika, njll. Ngakho-ke, uma insikazi noma iduna lingabuyanga ebusika, umlingani wesibili uzosivikela ngobudlova isidleke esivamile futhi angavumi umuntu ovela kwezinye izinyoni ukuba azithathe.
- Amathayi, njengamanye amalunto, anobuqili kakhulu. Ukuxosha isivakashi esingamenywanga kude nesidleke, inyoni izokwenza sengathi ilimele futhi izoqala ukuheha isitha siye kolunye uhlangothi lwamakhosi. Kepha lapho nje inyamazane isuka ibanga elivikelekile, uthayi uzonyamalala.
- Uma isidleke singasafanele ukusetshenziswa, izibopho zizama ukwakha “indlu entsha” eduze nasekhaya.
- Kwesinye isikhathi owesilisa angakha izidleke zamanga ukuheha ukunakwa kwabesifazane - okungukuthi, ukubonakala.
- Isikhathi esidlekayo sethayi silinganiselwa ezinsukwini eziyikhulu.
- E-UK, ama-neckties ayavikelwa, njengenye yezinyoni ezingandile futhi ezimangalisayo ezilahlekelwa ukukhula kwabantu.
I-tie ingaqashelwa kalula yimisindo yezinhlamvu ezihlukile ngokukhala kwe-zoo encane. Uma isikhathi sezidlulile sesidlulile, uthayi uzokwakha ngenjabulo imihlambi emincane, kufaka phakathi nezinyoni ezindiza emachibini angomakhelwane ziyofuna umuthi omnandi. Ama-ringworms nama-arthropods, atholakala ogwini olunosilika, aba yizimonyo ezinhle kakhulu.
Lapho sifunda kabanzi ngezindlela zokuphila kwezinyoni, imikhuba nemikhuba yabo iba mnandi ngokwengeziwe. Ngokumangazayo, konke ukunyakaza, konke ukukhala nokudiza kothayi kuyisenzo esinengqondo esenziwa inyoni ngesizathu. Namuhla, indawo yokubopha uthayi ihlakazekile, inani labantu selinciphile. Futhi kusezandleni zethu kuphela ukusindisa inyoni emangalisayo ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.