IBali Island iyingxenye yeziQhingi zaseSunda Esingaphansi. Bayingxenye yesiqhingi esikhulu kunazo zonke eMalawi. IBali ngokwayo itholakala eduze nesiqhingi saseJava futhi ihlukaniswe yiBali Strait (ngokunembile iStrait of Bali). Isiqhingi esisuka entshonalanga siye empumalanga sinobude obuyi-145 km, futhi sisuka enyakatho siye eningizimu - 80 km. Le ndawo ngamamitha-skwele angama-5780. km Okusho ukuthi, yisakhiwo esikhulu somhlaba. Imbozwe yihlathi elishisayo nelinamandla, kunezintaba nezigodi zemifula.
Futhi kula mazwe evundile izinkulungwane zeminyaka, kwahlala amakati anamandla anemigqa. Bafika eBali kalula, ngoba ezikhathini zasendulo lesiqhingi sasiyingxenye yezwe elingumhlaba. Kepha eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziyi-12 eyedlule, izinga lolwandle lakhuphuka, futhi abazingeli banqunywa ezweni elikhulu. Ngakho-ke kwakukhona okumbalwa kwehlosi leBalinese. Yayikhona ngokuya ngezilinganiso ezinzima kuze kube seminyaka yama-50s yekhulu le-XX. Njengamanje, lokhu okubhalwe phansi kubhekwa njengokuphela.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Isithombe: Balinese Tiger
I-Balinese tiger yayingummeleli wezilwane ezincelisayo, ezazingezokuhleleka kwezinyamazane, umndeni wekati, wabelwa i-genus panther kanye nehlosi lezinhlobo. Kunemibono eminingana yokuvela kwalesi simeleli somndeni wekati. Owokuqala wabo uthi izingcaphuno zamaJavanese namaBalinese zazizinhlobo eyodwa futhi zinamadlozi afanayo.
Ngenxa yobudala bokugcina beqhwa, umbono uhlukaniswe waba amaqembu amabili ngamaqhwa amakhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwahlala omunye umuntu esiqhingini saseBali futhi kamuva wabizwa ngokuthi iBalinese, owesibili wahlala esiqhingini saseJava futhi wabizwa ngokuthi iJavanese.
Ukubukeka nezimpawu
Isithombe: Balinese Tiger
Ubude bomzimba wesilwane babuqhamuka kumuntu owodwa nohhafu kuya kumamitha amabili nesigamu emadodeni futhi ukusuka kumitha kuya kumabili kwabesifazane. Isisindo somzimba wesilwane singamakhilogremu ayi-100 abesilisa nabangama-80 abesifazane. Ukuphakama kubuna amasentimitha angama-70-90. Laba abamele umndeni we-feline predator bane-dimorphism yezocansi.
Isici esahlukile salokhu okubhasiselwe uboya. Imfishane futhi inombala we-orange oshiwo Imichilo ewela umbala omnyama. Inani labo liphansi kakhulu kunelamanye amahlosi. Phakathi kwemivimbo eguqukayo kunezindawo eziyindilinga zombala omnyama, ocishe ube mnyama. Indawo yentamo, isifuba, isisu kanye nengaphakathi lamalunga kunombala okhanyayo, ocishe ube mhlophe.
Umsila ezilwaneni wawumude, ufinyelela cishe kumitha ubude. Wayenombala okhanyayo nemivimbo emnyama eshintshekayo. Ithiphu yayihlala ibhulashi elimnyama. Umzimba womhlaseli uqinisiwe, uvumelana nezimo ngemisipha ekhule kakhulu futhi eqinile. Ingaphambili lomzimba likhulu kancane kunasemuva. Izinyawo zimfushane, kepha zinamandla futhi ziqinile. Imilenze yangemuva inemifino emine, eyangaphambili inemifino emihlanu. Izicucu zesithako zazikhona emilenzeni.
Ikhanda lesilwane liyindilinga ngesimo, lincane ngosayizi. Izindlebe zincanyana, ziyindilinga, zitholakala ezinhlangothini. Ingaphakathi lezindlebe lihlala likhanya. Amehlo ayindilinga, amnyama, mancane. Kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zobuso kunezinwele ezikhanyayo, ezidale ukuvezwa kwezinduna. Endaweni yesihlathi kunemigqa eminingana yama-vibrissae amade, amhlophe.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Imihlathi yomphangi ifanelwe ukunakwa okukhethekile. Babemelelwa inani elikhulu lamazinyo abukhali. Ama-fangs abhekwa njengezinde kakhulu. Ubude bawo bufinyelela ngaphezu kwamasentimitha ayisikhombisa. Zenzelwe ukuhlukanisa ukudla kwenyama kube izingxenye.
Ihlala kuphi ihlosi leBalinese?
Isithombe: Balinese Tiger
Lo mmeleli womndeni wekati wayehlala e-Indonesia kuphela, esiqhingini saseBali, azikho ezinye izifunda ezitholakele. Njengesifunda sendawo yokuhlala, izilwane zithanda ihlathi, zazizizwa zinhle ezigodini zezidumbu zamanzi ahlukahlukene. Okufuneka kuqala ukuba khona kwedamu lapho babethanda ukubhukuda futhi baphuze inani elikhulu ngemuva kokudla.
Ama-balinese amahlosi nawo angatholakala ezindaweni eziphakemeyo. Izakhamizi zakule ndawo ziphawule amacala ngesikhathi zihlangana nomdlwane endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayinkulungwane nengxenye.
Indawo yokuhlala enkulu:
- amahlathi asezintabeni
- amahlathi anqumayo
- amathikithi asezingeni lokushisa njalo,
- eduze komngcele wezidumbu zamanzi ezikali ezahlukahlukene,
- ema mangroves
- emithambekeni yezintaba.
Kubantu bendawo, ihlosi laseBailiysky kwakuyisilwane esingaqondakali, esasinikezwe amandla akhethekile, amandla, ngisho namakhono omlingo. Kule ndawo, izilwane ezidla ezinye zingaba khona eduze kwezindawo zokuhlala abantu futhi zivame ukuzingela imfuyo. Kodwa-ke, abantu bebesaba amakati adla inyama futhi bababhubhisa kuphela uma bedala umonakalo omkhulu endlini.
Kwakujwayelekile ukuthi izilwane zihlasele abantu. Kodwa-ke, ngo-1911, umzingeli u-Oscar Voynich wafika e-Indonesia. Yena, kanye namanye amalungu eqembu lakhe, waqale wabulala umhlaseli. Emva kwalokho, kwaqala ukushushiswa kanye nokubulawa kwesilo. Njengoba okuwukuphela kwendawo lapho ihlosi laseBalinese lalihlala khona kwakuyisiqhingi saseBali, abantu bebengadingi isikhathi esiningi ukusicekela phansi isilwane ngokuphelele.
Idlalela ihlosi leBalinese?
Isithombe: Balinese Tiger
I-Balinese tiger isilwane esidlayo. Umthombo wokudla bekungukudla kwenyama. Ngenxa yobukhulu bawo, ubuhlakani nomusa, ummeleli womndeni wekati cishe wayengenabancintisana futhi wayengummeleli wezinga lokudla eliphakeme kakhulu. Amahlosi ayengabazingeli abanobuhlakani futhi abaxakile. Ngenxa yombala wazo, azange zinakwe ngesikhathi sokuzingela.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Amadevu amade asetshenziswa njengesiqondisi esikhaleni. Kaningi kunalokho, babekhetha ukulandelela inyamazane yabo ezindleleni eziseduzane nemithombo yamanzi lapho i-herbivores ifika emgodini wokuthambisa.
Amahlosi akhethe indawo enhle kakhulu futhi enenzuzo yokuqamekela futhi alinda. Lapho inyamazane isondela eduze, inyamazane enejubane elibukhali elinamandla ombumbulu yahlasela inyamazane, ngezinye izikhathi eyayingenaso ngisho nesikhathi sokuqonda okwenzekile. Endabeni yokuzingela okuphumelelayo, ihlosi lavele laquqa umphimbo wesisulu, noma laphuka i-vertebrae yentamo yakhe. Wayengadla inyamazane leyo ndawo, noma ayidonsele ekhosheni emazinyweni ayo. Uma umhlaseli ehluleka ukubamba inyamazane, wayewusukela isikhashana, bese ethatha umhlalaphansi.
Umuntu oyedwa omdala wayedla amakhilogremu angama-5-7 enyama ngosuku. Kwezinye izikhathi, bangadla kuze kufike kumakhilogremu angama-20. Izilwane zazizingela ikakhulukazi kusihlwa. Bazingela bodwa, imvamisa njengengxenye yeqembu. Umuntu ngamunye wayenendawo yakhe yokuzingela. Kwabesilisa, kwakungamakhilomitha skwele ayikhulu, kwabesifazane - isigamu.
Kwakuyinto engajwayelekile ukuba izilwane ziphile impilo yokuhlala. Kusuka emavikini ambalwa kuya enyangeni eyodwa kuya kwezinyanga ezimbili babehlala endaweni eyodwa, bese bethutha baye kwenye. Umuntu ngamunye omdala umaka insimu yawo ngomchamo ngephunga elithile. Insimu yeduna ibingavinjelwa yindawo yokuzingela izinsikazi.
Okwasebenza njengomthombo wezondli zamahlosi:
Ama-Tiger akakaze azingele ngaphandle kokuthi alambile. Uma ukuzingela kuphumelele, kanti inyamazane ibinkulu, izilwane zidla futhi azange zizingele izinsuku eziyi-10 ukuya kwezi-20, noma ngaphezulu kwalokho.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Balinese Tiger
Izidlamlilo zazithanda ukuziphilela zodwa, ziduka. Umuntu ngamunye omdala wayehlala endaweni ethile, eyayibhalwe ngosizo lomchamo, onephunga elithile. Esikhathini esiningi, indawo yokuhlala kanye nokudla kwabantu abahlukahlukene bekungaphezu kokudlula, futhi uma kudlulela, abesilisa bebengakhombisi ubudlova kuphela kwabesifazane. Ngaphandle kwalokho, bangenza ukulwa futhi bahlele izimpi zelungelo lokuthola insimu. Izilwane zazihlala endaweni eyodwa amasonto amaningana, bese zifuna indawo entsha yokudla nezindawo zokuhlala.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Izidlamlilo zazisebenza kakhulu kusihlwa, ebusuku. Babephuma beyozingela bodwa, ngesikhathi somshado, babazingela ngababili. Ukuzingela kweqembu kungenzeka futhi lapho owesimame efundisa ukuzingela kwamawundlu akhe akhula.
Amahlosi kaBalinese ayengabathandi bezinqubo zamanzi. Bakujabulele ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi emachibini, ikakhulukazi esimweni sezulu esishisayo. Lezi zidlova zazibonakala ngokuhlanzeka. Bachitha isikhathi esiningi besesimweni nokubukeka koboya babo, isikhathi eside bayihlanza futhi bayikhotha, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokuzingela nokudla.
Ngokuvamile, lesi silwane asinakubizwa ngokuthi sinolaka. Kuyo yonke into ekhona esiqhingini saseBali, ihlosi alikaze lihlasele umuntu, yize lisondele kakhulu. Ihlosi leBalinese lalibhekwa njengelokubhukuda elihle kakhulu, linamehlo amakhulu abukhali nendlebe ethambile, ngobuhlakani kakhulu futhi likhwela ngokushesha izihlahla zezindawo eziphakeme ngokweqile. Njengesikhomba sendawo emkhathini, wasebenzisa vibriza.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Balinese Tiger
Isikhathi somshado nokuzalwa kwenzalo asizange sibekelwe noma isiphi isikhathi noma inkathi ethile. Imvamisa, amawundlu azalwa kusuka ekwindla sekwephuzile kuya maphakathi nentwasahlobo. Ngemuva kokuthi lo mbhangqwana udalwe ngesikhathi somshado, ukukhulelwa kowesifazane kwenzeka, okwathatha izinsuku eziyi-100 - 105. Ngokuyinhloko ama-kittens angama-2-3 azalwa.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Lo mbhangqwana owakhiwe wayehlala ulungiselela indawo yokuzalwa kwezingane. Imvamisa ibitholakala endaweni ecashile, engabonakali lapho ubheka kuqala - emifantweni yamatshe, emihumeni ejulile, esibayeni semithi ewile, njll.
Isisindo sekati linye kwakungu-800 - 1500 amagremu. Bazalwa bengaboni, benokuzwa okungakhuli kahle. Ijazi lezingane ezisanda kuzalwa lalibukeka njenge-fluff. Kodwa-ke, izingane zasheshe zathola amandla futhi zakhula. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10-12, amehlo abo avuleka, futhi ukuzwa kwaba ukukhula kancane kancane. Umama ngokunakekela nangokuhlonipha amazinyane akhe, ngengozi encane uwahudulele endaweni yokuhlala ethembekile nevikelekile. AmaKittens anikezwa ubisi lukamama kuze kube izinyanga ezingama-7-8.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Lapho befika enyangeni, basuka endaweni yabo yokukhosela baqala ukuhlola indawo eseduze. Kusukela ezinyangeni ezingama-4-5, insikazi yaqala ukujwayela ukudla inyama, yafundisa ikhono namaqhinga wokuzingela.
Isilinganiso sokuphila okujwayelekile komuntu oyedwa ezimweni zemvelo sisukela eminyakeni eyi-8 kuye kwayi-11. Inhlwathi ngayinye esanda kuzalwa yayingaphansi kokunakekelwa nokuvikelwa kukamama ize ifinyelele eminyakeni emibili. Lapho amakati ephamba eneminyaka emibili, noma ehlukaniswa, futhi aqala ukuziphilela impilo yokuzimela. Ngamunye wabo wayefuna insimu yokuzingela nokuzimela ezizimele.
Izitha Zemvelo zeBalinese Tiger
Isithombe: Balinese Tiger
Lapho zihlala ezimweni zemvelo, lezi zidlamlilo zomndeni ongekho emthethweni zazingabi nazitha phakathi kwabamele izilwane zezilwane. Isitha esikhulu nesisemqoka, okuthi umsebenzi waso kuhlanganiswe nokunyamalala ngokuphelele kwezingulule zamahlosi, saba ngumuntu.
Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, kwabonakala abaseYurophu e-Indonesia, phakathi kwabo kwakukhona u-Oscar Voynich. Kwakunguye neqembu lakhe abadubula ihlosi lokuqala leBalinese ngo-1911. Ngemuva kwalokho ubhala incwadi mayelana nalo mcimbi, eyashicilelwa ngo-1913. Kusukela kulowo mzuzu, intshisekelo yezemidlalo kanye nesifiso sokubulala kuholele ekubhujisweni okuphelele kwezindawo ezinkulisa eminyakeni engama-25 kuphela.
Abahlali bendawo, abaseYurophu, ama-Aborigine achitha izilwane ngokungalawuleki ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene: enza izicupho, izicupho, adutshulwa, njll. Ngemuva kokubhujiswa ngokuphelele kwezilwane, ngonyaka ka-1937 abantu baqala ngokuqhubeka becekela phansi konke okwakhumbuza ukuthi kukhona kwalesi silo: imibukiso yemnyuziyamu, izindaba zesikhumba, izikhumba zezilwane kanye nezinsalela zamathambo aso.
Iqiniso elikhangayo: Abanye abazingeli baphawule ukuthi bakwazile ukubhubhisa izilwane eziyi-10-13 ngenkathi eyodwa noma ezimbili.
Kuze kube manje, konke okusele komhlaseli omuhle onomusa kuyisithombe esisodwa lapho isilo sibanjwa sifile futhi samiswa ngoxhakaxhaka baso ezigxotsheni zokhuni, kanye nezikhumba ezimbili kanye nezikhumba ezintathu emnyuziyamu e-UK. Ngaphandle kwabantu, umhlaseli wayengenazo ezinye izitha.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Isithombe: Balinese Tiger
Namuhla, ihlosi leBalinese lingumndeni womndeni wekati, oqothulwe ngokuphelele ngabantu. Izazi zesayensi yezemvelo zithi ihlosi lokuqala labulawa ngo-1911, kwathi elokugcina ngo-1937. Kuyaziwa ukuthi owokugcina owabulawa wayengowesifazane. Ukusuka kuleli phuzu kuqhubeke, izinhlobo zezilwane zithathwa njengokuqothulwa ngokusemthethweni.
Iqiniso elikhangayo: Abanye ososayensi bathi emahlathini aminyene, angenakungeneka, abantu abaningana bangasinda kuze kube maphakathi nawo-50s. Kuyamangaza ukuthi ubufakazi bezakhamizi zakulesiqhingi buyakufakazela lokhu. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokuphela kweMpi Yezwe II, akekho omunye umuntu owakwazi ukuhlangana ne-Balinese tiger kwenye indawo.
Izimbangela eziyinhloko zokuqothulwa kwezinhlobo zezinhlobo zezilwane ukubhujiswa kwendawo yazo yokuhlala yemvelo, kanye nokubhujiswa okukhohlakele nokungalawulwa kwabazingeli. Isizathu esikhulu sokuzingela nokuqothulwa yinani nezindleko eziphakeme zoboya besilwane esingajwayelekile. Iziphathimandla zase-Indonesia zavimba ukuzingela sekwephuze kakhulu - kuphela ngo-1970. Ihlosi lafakwa ohlwini lomthetho i-Rare Animals Protection Act, lasayinwa ngo-1972.
Abantu bendawo babenobudlelwano obukhethekile negalari yokudubula iBalinese. Wayeyiqhawe lezinganekwane zabantu, futhi ngesithombe sakhe babenza izikhumbuzo, izitsha, neminye imisebenzi yezandla yabahlali bendawo. Kodwa-ke, kwakukhona abaphikisi bokubuyiselwa kwesibalo sabantu, esasibonakaliswa yinzondo engenamusa. Kwakunjalo ngokugcwaliswa kwalabantu abanjalo lapho yonke iminonjana nezinkomba zomzabalazi zachithwa.
I-Balinese tiger kwakuyisibonelo somusa, ubuhle bemvelo namandla. Wayengumzingeli onekhono futhi eguquguqukayo kakhulu, omelele ipulasitiki emhlabeni wezilwane. Ngeshwa, amaphutha abantu awasoze amvumela ukuthi abonwe ephila.
Incazelo
Amahlosi ahlala esiqhingini saseBali ayemancane kunawo wonke amafushane. Eminyuziyamu, kuye kwagcinwa izikhumba eziyisikhombisa nezigebhezi zalezi zilwane zombili zobulili. Izikhonkwane zibonakaliswa yingxenye encane ye-occipital. Izikhumba zabesilisa zalinganiswa zisesimweni esishubile. Kwabesilisa, ubude bawo babungamamitha ayi-2,2,2,3, kwabesifazane lesi sikhombisi sasingamamitha ayi-1.9-2.1. Ngokwezibalo ezingezinhle, ngokubheka usayizi, izinsikazi zazinesisindo esisuka ku-90 ziye ku-100 kg, kanti isisindo sabesifazane zazingama-65-80 kg. Lezi zibalo zilinganiselwa, ngoba akekho noyedwa owake wabekezela abaphilayo noma ababulala amahlosi weBalinese.
Ukuchazwa kwezinhlangano ezingaphansi kukaBalinese kwabhekwana nazo nodokotela wezilwane waseJalimane u-Ernst Schwartz ngonyaka ka 1912. Ngaleso sikhathi, izisulu ezinolaka zazihlala e-Bali, kepha incazelo yayihlanganiswa ngokusuka kwesikhumba kanye nogebhezi lowesifazane osemdala, ababeseMnyuziyamu waseSenkenberg. Isazi sezilwane saphawula ukuthi uboya bufushane futhi bunombala we-orange okhanyayo. Kunamaqembu amancane amnyama esikhunjeni kunamanye ama-subspecies.
Ukuqothulwa kweBalinese Tiger
Ukuzingela okumbalwa kwaqala ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, lapho kwabonakala abaseYurophu eBali. Lesi siqhingi saba yikholoni lamaDashi futhi kwavela abazingeli baseYurophu, behlome ngezibhamu ezinamandla. Ngemuva kwalokho kwaqala ukudubula okuhleliwe kwezihlosi zeBalinese. Kwakhiwa izicupho zensimbi ezihlonyiswe ngamabheji, kanti nezidlamlilo ezazingena kuzo zadutshulwa zisuka kude kakhulu nezibhamu. Abanye abazingeli babulale amakati ayi-10-15 eminyakeni embalwa. Konke lokhu kwenziwa ngenxa yezemidlalo.
Ngenxa yokuzingela okungacabangi kanjalo, ihlosi laseBalinese maphakathi nawo-30s wekhulu le-XX liye laphela ukuthola abazingeli abanxanela iziqu zikanokusho. Ngokunokwenzeka, lokhu okubhaliselwe sekuvele kunyamalale ngalesi sikhathi sesikhathi. Kepha kungenzeka ukuthi kunezikati eziningi ezinkulu ezimthende eziye ezintabeni nasehlathini. Ngo-1941, kwenziwa indawo yokuzingela kulesi siqhingi. Kepha bekuhlwile kakhulu. Ogciniwe awazange asindise amahlosi ahlukile ekuqothulweni.
Abanye ochwepheshe basikisela ukuthi abanye abamele ababhali bama-Balinese basinda kusukela ekuqaleni, futhi mhlawumbe kuze kube maphakathi nawo-50s wekhulu le-XX. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe II, akekho owabona ihlosi elilodwa eliphilayo eBali.
UMnyuziyamu waseBrithani eLondon ugcina izikhumba ezi-2 nezikhukhamba ezi-3 zezinja zikaBalinese. Leli yiqoqo elikhulu kunawo wonke. Amakhophi angashadile ayatholakala eminyuziyamu yaseSenckenberg (Frankfurt), Naturkund (Stuttgart), eBogor Museum of Zoology. E-Indonesia, kugcinwa izinsalela ze-Balinese tiger yokugcina. Ngo-1997, enye yezizukulwane zomunye wabazingeli yanikela ngogebhezi eMnyuziyamu waseHungary of Natural History. Futhi konke lokho kusele kwabazingeli abahlukile abake bahlala kwesinye seziqhingi ze-Lesser Sunda.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi akekho ihlosi elilodwa lamaBalinese owake wabanjwa ephila futhi, ngenxa yalokho, awuzange ugcinwe e-zoo. Ngakho-ke, cishe akukho lutho olwaziwayo ngokwenziwa kabusha kwalesi siminyaminya, imikhuba yaso, nezindlela zokuzingela. Kunezinganekwane namasiko kuphela abantu bendawo, lapho ikati le-tabby lidlala indima ebalulekile. Kepha imininingwane enjalo ayihlangene nesayensi futhi ayinikezeli mqondo mayelana nesilo seqiniso, amandla ayo, ubuciko kanye nengqondo.
Incazelo yangaphandle. Ukuzala
Ihlosi laseBalinese lalihlukile ezihlotsheni zalo ngosayizi omncane. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abesilisa bafinyelela ku-120-230 cm, izinsikazi zazincane, zingama-93-183 cm kuphela. Kodwa-ke, nosayizi obunjalo bokuthiwa ukwesabisa okwakhuthaza abantu bendawo. Isisindo sesilo besingadluli ku-100 kg kwabesilisa, nama-80 kg kwabesifazane.
Ngokungafani nezinye izihlobo, ihlosi laseBalinese lalinoboya obuhluke ngokuphelele. Yayifushane futhi i-orange ejulile. Isibalo semivimbo singaphansi kokujwayelekile, kwesinye isikhathi amabala amnyama atholakala phakathi kwabo.
Ukukhulelwa kowesifazane kwahlala izinsuku eziyi-100-110, bekuhlala njalo kunamakhefu angama-2-3 kulitha. Bazalwa bengaboni futhi bengasizi, benesisindo esifinyelela ku-1,3 kg. Kepha eduze konyaka bona uqobo bazingela phansi inyamazane bazingela. Kodwa-ke, ngokuhlangana ne-tigress yahlala iminyaka engu-1.5-2. Abamele laba abaphila ngokuhlala isikhathi eside baphila iminyaka eyi-10.
Habitat
Indawo okwakuhlala kuyo amahlosi amaBalinese kwakuyi-Indonesia, isiqhingi saseBali. Lokhu okubhaliselwe akukaze kubonwe nakwezinye izindawo.
Wahola indlela yokuphila efana nayo yonke intambo. Ithandwe yisilo yodwa futhi idukile. Wahlala endaweni eyodwa amasonto amaningana, wabe esehamba eyofuna okusha. Ama-amahlosi aqothulayo amaka insimu yawo ngomchamo, okukhombisa ukuba sendawo ethize ezindaweni ezithile.
Babengabathandi bamanzi abakhulu. Esimweni sezulu esishisayo, hlamba njalo futhi ubhukuda echibini.
Umsoco
Ihlosi leBalinese lalingumhlaseli. Wayezingela yedwa, kepha ezimweni ezingandile ngesikhathi sokuzala wayefuna inyamazane nentokazi yakhe. Uma kwakukhona abantu abaningana ngasikhathi sinye eduze kwesilwane esibanjiwe, khona-ke kwakuyisigameko senzalo.
Njengabanye abamele izinhlobo zezilwane, kwakuyikati elicocekile kahle elibheka isimo soboya bayo, besiyikhotha ngezikhathi ezithile, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokudla.
Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, kwakusetshenziswa izindlela ezimbili: ukugoqa nokulinda isisulu. Umbala wokugunda usize amahlosi ukuba alandelele inyamazane. Imvamisa babezingela eduze kwamachibi nasemizileni. Iqa lapho inyathela ngezinyathelo ezincane zokuqapha, ihlosi lenza ukugxuma okuningi okukhulu futhi labamba inyamazane.
Ngenkathi ngilindile, umhlaseli walala, futhi lapho isisulu sisondela, senza ihloka ngokushesha. Endabeni yokuphuthelwa amamitha angaphezu kuka-150, akazange asisukele lesi silwane.
Ngokuzingela okuphumelelayo, njengamanye amakati amakhulu, amahlosi aso aqothulayo agedla inyamazane yawo, evame ukuphula intamo yayo. Ngaleso sikhathi, wayengadla inyama engafika kuma-20 kg.
Lapho sisusa isisulu esibulewe, isidla sasiyiphatha ngamazinyo noma siyiphonsa ngemuva ngemuva. Amahlosi ayehamba ngokuzingela kusihlwa noma ebusuku. Wonke amasu asetshenziswe kulokhu ayengumphumela wokuqeqeshwa kukamama, hhayi uhlobo lokuziphatha olungazalwa.
Ensimini yayo, ihlosi laseBalinese laliphezulu esihlahleni sephiramidi sokudla, kuyaqabukela noma ngubani akwazi ukuncintisana nalesi silo. Ngokwakhe, abantu kuphela ababemelela ingozi.
Izinhlobo ezingapheli
I-Balinese tiger iqothulwe ngumuntu. Ngokomthetho, ummeleli wokuqala walezi zingosi wadutshulwa wabulawa ngo-1911. Kwakungumuntu omdala owayenesifiso esikhulu kubantu bendawo. Ngemuva kwalesi sehlakalo, kwaqala ukuzingela inyamazane, izifuyo zazivame ukusetshenziswa njengezithiyisi.
Ihlosi lokugcina lidutshulwe labulawa ngoSepthemba 27, 1937, kusukela kuleso sikhathi izinkampani ezisanda kuthathwa sezidlulile emhlabeni. Kuyaziwa ukuthi bekungowesifazane. Kukhona nezithombe zangempela ezithwebula abantu bendawo nesilo esifile. Kukholelwa ukuthi abantu abaningana basengaphila kuze kube ngama-50s.
Izimbangela eziyinhloko zokuqothulwa kwehlosi leBalinese ukubhujiswa kwendawo yokuhlala kwabantu kanye ne-barbaric (ngaleso sikhathi ethandwa) inyamazane yokuzingela. Kaningi, wabulawa ngenxa yoboya obalulekile.
Ukuzingela kwavinjelwa ngokusemthethweni ngonyaka we-1970, kanti lesi silwane saphawulwa nangomthetho wango-1972 wokuvikela izilwane zasendle.
Ngokwesiko lezakhamuzi zesiqhingi saseBali, ihlosi lalihlala niche ekhethekile. Waphathwa ngenhlonipho. Wahlangana ezinganekwaneni, isithombe sakhe sisetshenziswa kubuciko bendawo.
Kodwa-ke, bakhona ababephatha lesi silwane ngesibindi nangesihluku. Ngemuva kokuqothulwa kwesilo, imibhalo eminingi nezinye izinto ezihlobene nehlosi zacekelwa phansi.
ENgilandi, iMnyuziyamu waseBrithani inezicucu zamathambo asemathanjeni, izigaxa ezintathu nezikhumba ezimbili zomuntu oqothulayo.
Ubudlelwano nomuntu
Abantu bendawo besaba isilo, basibeka ngemilingo, baqamba izinganekwane ngakho futhi basihlobanisa namandla amabi okubhubhisa. Abalimi kwadingeka baxoshe futhi babulale kuphela lezo zilwane ezihlala zihlasela imfuyo futhi zichithe amapulazi; azange zizingele inzuzo. I-Balinese tiger uqobo ayizange ihlasele umuntu ngaphandle kwesizathu; ezimweni zokwe-cannibalism, ayizange ibonwe.
Ubungcwele obunjalo bahlala kuze kube ngu-1911, lapho umzingeli oshisekayo nozinzo, uBaron Oscar Voynich, efika evela eHungary eBali. Nguye owabulala umhlaseli wokuqala, okwacasula zonke ezinye izehlakalo ezidabukisayo. Ukushushiswa okunzima nokuzingela kwaqala kumahlosi weBalinese. Bobabili ama-aborigine nabavakashi abazingelayo babambe iqhaza kuyo. Kwathunyelwa amaqembu amaningi ukuba ayobamba lesi silo; Ikota yeminyaka yayanele ukuthi abantu babhubhise ngokuphelele inani labantu ababhalisile. I-tigress yokugcina yadutshulwa yabulawa ngo-1937.
Kwakunganele ukuba izakhamizi zaseBali zihlanze lesi siqhingi kumphangi, futhi zaqala ukuqeda zonke izinhlobo zezinkumbulo ngalo - ubufakazi bemibhalo, imidwebo, izikhumba, izinto zokukhulekelwa. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ihlosi lisaqhubeka nokudlala indima ebalulekile enguqulweni yeBalinese yamaHindu.
Esithombeni esisindile, ihlosi leBalinese lithunjwe lifile lilengiswe emilenzeni phansi esigxotsheni eside, ngemuva kwabazingeli bezilwane ababulewe. Lesi sithombe sibhalwe ngo-1913. Ukuchazwa kweMnyuziyamu waseBrithani kuqukethe izithungo ezintathu nezikhumba ezimbili - kanti lokhu, mhlawumbe, yikho konke okusele kwesilo.
Umlando wokubhaliswa
Kunemibono eminingana ngokuvela komphangi esiqhingini:
- Ngokusho komunye wabo, ihlosi laseSumatran (elihlala iSumatra), ihlosi laseJavanese (eliqothulwe eJava ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lokugcina) kanye nehlandla leBalinese ngaphambili lalikhona endimeni enkulu evamile futhi lingelezindawo ezingaphansi kwazo. Ngemuva kokuphela kwe-Ice Age, ingxenye yezwe yahamba ngaphansi kwamanzi futhi izixuku ezincane zezinyamazane zahlukaniswa komunye nomunye eziqhingini zeziqhingi zaseMalay - Java, Sumatra, Bali.
- Ngokwenye inguqulo, idlozi elivamile labazingeli libhukuda kahle, lifuna inyamazane, lalingahamba ngomkhumbi lisuka kwesinye isiqhingi liye kwesinye. Ezinye izilwane azibuyelanga emuva, kepha zizinza ezindaweni ezintsha zaphinde zasebenza kabusha. Ehlelweni lokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezithile zokuphila, amahlosi avela ngomehluko othile wangaphandle, okwagcina kuthinte ukwabiwa kwawo ezinqolobaneni ezahlukahlukene.
Ama-Paleontologists akakabutholi ubufakazi obunokwethenjelwa balezi zinkolelo-mbono. Kepha izakhi zofuzo, lapho sezihlaziye ukulandelana kwe-DNA, zithole ukufana kwamangqamuzana - ukufana kwezakhi zofuzo phakathi kwezincazelo ezintathu.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo atholakala phakathi nezifundo anikeza ithemba ngokubuyiselwa kwenhlwathi yamaBalinese ngokuhambisa ihlosi leSumatran elivuthiwe esiqhingini saseBali. Ngokusho kwezazi zezilwane, izilwane zizodlula ngokushesha nangezikhathi zesikhathi sokuzivumelanisa nezimo, zinezimpande ngokuphelele endaweni futhi ekugcineni zithole izici zezihlobo ezishabalala.
Indlela Yokuphila Nempilo
Umhlaseli wayehola indlela yokuphila eyedwa, ekhetha izindawo ezinamadamu afinyelelekayo, kanye nenani elanele lokuphanga. Wayethanda futhi ekwazi ukubhukuda kahle, enokuzwa okuhle nombono, ekhwela izihlahla. Indawo eyengeziwe yesethenjwa emathangeni aminyene we-Balinese tiger yayinamadevu amade, umbala wokucasha wawenza wahlangana nendawo ezungezile.
Indawo yezindawo zokuzingela abesilisa ibingadluli ku-100 km 2, izintokazi - 40 - 60 km 2. Iziza zazimakwe ngomchamo. Iziza zamadoda zingahlangana ngezikhala zezinsikazi eziningana.
Isu nezindlela zokuzingela bezingafani nokwezinye izingwegwe zenyathi. Imikhuba yansuku zonke yenyama yayisuka ku-5 iye ku-6 kg. Ukudla okuyinhloko zinyamazane, izingulube zasendle, izingwe. Wabuye wadla imifantu, amasele, inhlanzi, nezidumbu. Bazingelwa izinkawu, izinyoni.
Ukuzala kabusha nokunakekela inzalo
Owesifazane waletha ezizukulwaneni ezizayo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, kepha ikakhulukazi kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaNovemba kuya ku-Ephreli. Ukukhulelwa akuhlali isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku eziyi-103. Kwakunamakhithi amabili noma amathathu kulitha.
Umndeni waziinza endaweni evikelwe kahle - emifantwini yamatshe, ngaphansi kwesihlahla esiwile noma emgedeni. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zinesisindo esingu-900 - 1300 amagremu, zazingaboni, zilukhuni ukuzwa. Ngosuku lweshumi, amehlo abo avuleka. Ukudla ubisi kwakuthatha izinyanga ezine kuya kwezihlanu. Amathole enyanga angaphuma ngokukhululeka emgodini, ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha aqala ukufunda ukuzingela.
Ngaphansi kokufundela kukamama, izilwane ezidla ezinye ezincane zazineminyaka emibili, bese zizifunela amacebo okuzingela angenakuzenzela. Isikhathi sokuphila se-Balinese tiger asidluli iminyaka eyi-8 - 10.
