I-Kamchatka brown bear (lat. Ursus arctos beringianius) is a subspecies of brown bear (lat. Ursus arctos), asatshalaliswa e-Epasia. Ihlukile ezihlotsheni zayo ezihlala eSiberia ngosayizi wayo omkhulu kanye nomlingiswa okhalazayo. Abantu baseYurophu bokuqala abavakashela eKamchatka ngekhulu le-19 bahlatshwa inani elikhulu lemidondoshiya. Bazulazula begcwele zonke izimbambo, benganakwa ngokuphelele ngabantu.

Ukunganaki okunjalo kwachazwa ukungabikho kwezitha zemvelo nobuningi bokudla. Amabhere anobungani awazange asole ngisho nokuthi kungaba yiphi ingozi evela ezidalweni ezinemilenze emibili. Manje sebefundile ukuqaphela umuntu futhi bazama ukusondela kuye ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukuzingela kwabo kube ngenye yezinto ezibalulekile zokwengeza kabusha imali yasendaweni.

Ngokomthetho ngonyaka bakhipha amalayisense angama-500 wokudutshulwa kwabo ngezindleko zama- dollar ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi. Uma kunikezwe ukuzingela, izilwane ziyafa kakhulu.

Ngo-2008, iqembu lamabhere angama-30 athukuthele ngemuva kohambo olunye olwaluhlele kuwo bahlasela abavukuzi be-platinamu esifundeni se-Olyutor, babulala onogada ababili. Abasebenzi bethukile banquma ukungalingeli isiphetho futhi bashesha ukuguqula imisebenzi yabo. Konke kukho konke, lesi yisigameko esingajwayelekile.

Ukubonakaliswa kobudlova obuvulelekile ngokumelene nabantu akudluli i-1% yawo wonke amacala aziwayo.

Habitat

ECamchatka, inhlobo isatshalaliswa ikakhulu esifundeni i-Anadyr. Kutholakala ngaphandle kwethanga esiqhingini saseKaragin, eShantar naseKuril, ogwini olusentshonalanga loLwandle lwase-Okhotsk kuya eStanovoi Range naseSt. Lawrence Island (e-USA).

Ukuziphatha

Indawo yasekhaya yesilo esisodwa ihlala kumakhilomitha-skwele angama-2000. Ebusika, uwela ebusika, futhi ngenkathi efudumele uyathutha eyofuna ukudla. Gwema izintaba nezindawo ezimanzi. Ehlobo, ibhele leKamchatka lidla amajikijolo (amajikijolo, amajikijolo, amajikijolo amanzi amnyama, ama-jikijolo, njll.), I-pink salmon ne-rainow trout, eziqala ukuvela.

Ekwindla, amantongomane ephayini kanye nomlotha osentabeni kuqala ekudleni. Izidumbu zezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle, izinhlanzi ezifile, izidleke kanye nezilimo eziyizigaxa kuyadliwa ngesikhathi sokudla okungenampilo.

Imenyu futhi ifaka izimpande zezitshalo, namagundane, izinambuzane, izibungu, izinyoni namaqanda enyoni. Ogwini, ingadla inyamazane. Amahora amaningi wokuhlala emanzini abandayo awamkhathaleli, kanye nokugijima komjaho. Ngosuku, angahamba ibanga elingafika ku-100 km ngaphandle komzamo obonakalayo. Aligibela izihlahla ngenxa yesisindo salo esikhulu, kepha libhukuda kahle futhi libhukuda ngobumnandi phezu kwemifula emincane.

Ukuzala

Isikhathi sokukhwelana sisehlobo. Imibhangqwana yakhelwa isikhashana. Owesifazane angashada nabesilisa abaningi. Amaqanda okugcotshwa aqala ukukhula emzimbeni wesifazane ekuqaleni kobusika. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga ezimbili.

Kusuka emawakeni amathathu kuya kwamathathu anqunu nezimpumputhe ezinesisindo esingu-300 kuye ku-400 g.A ubude bawo bomzimba abudluli ku-30 ​​cm. Umama ufudumeza amawundlu ngokunamathisela ama-laps awo asesiswini sakhe futhi angavuki. IHibernation ihlala izinyanga eziyi-6-7. Esimweni sezinsuku ezingama-30-33, izinsana zivula amehlo. Ngenxa yobisi lwebele, zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu.

Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, amawundlu abambe ibhere ashiya umhume ayofuna ukudla. Ukuzondla ngobisi kuthatha izinyanga ezi-4, kepha kuhlala nomama kuze kube yiminyaka engama-2-3.

Amabhere avuthwa ngokobulili ngemuva konyaka we-4 wokuphila.

Incazelo

Ubude bomzimba bufika ku-2.4-3 m, bese isisindo esijwayelekile singama-300-400 kg, ubunzima obungu-650 kg. Abesilisa cishe cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu kunabantu besifazane. Umbala onsundu onsundu onesici esinsomi onsomi. Okuncane kakhulu ngabantu abanezinwele ezilula noma ezimnyama.

Amacala asebunzini bangakhula afike kuma-13 cm. Isibalo sabantu silinganiselwa kubantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-20.

Isikhathi sokuphila kwebhere Kamchatka sifinyelela eminyakeni engama-40.

Kamchatka - umhlaba wamabhere

I-Kamchatka Bear eSigodini Sama-Geysers

IKamatatka idume ngokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo, amageyizi kanye namabhere ansundu.

I-Kamchatka brown bear ethathwa njengomnikazi walezi zindawo. Noma kungekho migwaqo nogesi eKamchatka, amabhere avele ahlala lapha futhi azizwa ephephile ngokuphelele. Futhi kungani kufanele besabe? Isiqhwaga esikhulu esicishe sibe ngu-200 kilos sibeka usongo lwangempela kubantu. Izikhafu zayo zifinyelela amasentimitha ayi-13 futhi ziguqula kalula amatshe ngaphandle komhlaba. Imihlathi yayo enamandla anamazinyo amakhulu usika kalula emithanjeni.

Ngayo yonke inqubekela phambili ebonakalayo, amabhere anomthelela osheshayo, ngoba abamba izinhlanzi kaningi ngamawashi awo. Emhlabeni, angabamba kalula ihhashi. Futhi bangabhukudi abakhulu. Ibhele elinsundu liyisitha esiyingozi.

Muva nje, bebehlala emhlabeni jikelele: eNgilandi, e-Ireland, eNyakatho Melika, e-Alaska, eCanada, eSiberia nase China. Manje ibanga labo selinciphile. Izakhamizi ezinkulu kunazo zonke zihlala eKamchatka, ePrimorye nase-Alaska. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imindeni engaba yizinkulungwane ezingama-20 ihlala eKamchatka.

Amabhere ansundu azizwa enethezekile kulo lonke leli peninsula, ngaphandle kwezindawo eziphakeme nezindawo ezimanzi. Kepha ukunqwabelana kwabo okukhulu kwaphawulwa esifundeni i-Anadyr. Ngokuvamile, ngokusho kwesazi sezinto eziphilayo, amabhere ahlala ku-95% wensimu yaseKamchatka.

Enye yezindawo ezithandekayo zamabhere ansundu yiKuril Lake. Lapho kuvela i-salmon, abantu abangaba yinkulungwane bangabonakala lapha. Imininingwane enjalo itholwe kusetshenziswa i-accounting ye-airborne.

Futhi, izinyamazane zihlala emahlathini ase-alder nase-umsedari, emahlathini acwengile nasema-birch. Eziningi zazo zitholakala emahlathini, eTundra nasezigodini ezisogwini. Okuthandwa kunikezwa ezindaweni ezinokudla okungabizi kanye nekhono lokuthola i-lair.

Isisindo nokubukeka kwebhere nsundu

I-Kamchatka brown bear

Kubukeka njengomzimba oqinile, kepha umzimba onamandla. Amehlo amancane nezindlebe. Kukhona umsila, kepha ucishe ungabonakali ngenxa yengubo eminyene. Ama-paws amakhulu anezihlakala ezinde ekugcineni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-paws awasona nje isikhali esinamandla, kodwa futhi angabasizi abathembekile bokuthola ukudla. Ngama-paws awo, amabhere azivikela, izinhlanzi, abambe ama-lairs nezimpande nezihlahla ezisuswe. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, izindlawu zikhulu, zifinyelela ku-13 cm ekukhanyeni noma emnyama emnyama. Ukusuka endaweni yonyawo ungathola ngesisindo nobudala besilo. Uma amawundlu anonyaka owodwa ubudala enosayizi unyawo ongadluli ku-8 cm, khona-ke ibhere lakudala linamasentimitha angama-24 noma ngaphezulu.

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, isilinganiso sesisindo sowesilisa sifinyelela ngaphezu kwama-200 kg. Izinsikazi zincane futhi zinesisindo esingama-195 kg. Kepha kukhona okuhlukile. Abanye besifazane, babizwa ngokuthi ama-matuhti, abaphansi kunabesilisa noma ngesisindo noma ngamandla. Izilinganiso zithathwa ekuqaleni kwehlobo, lapho izilwane zivele ziphelelwe ngumzimba futhi zilahlekelwe isisindo sephupho elide elinentukuthelo. Ekwindla, bangasebenza ngamafutha angama-400 kg noma ngaphezulu. Futhi lokhu futhi iqiniso elimangalisayo. Yize kunjalo, amabhere ansundu iningi lawo angama-imifino. Ngesikhathi sokuhlanza kuphela lapho badla khona ama-salmon amaningi. Ukudla kwabo okuyinhloko izimpande, amajikijolo, amantongomane, izibungu zezinambuzane.

Amabhere akhula yonke impilo yawo, kepha kunezikhathi zomsebenzi wokuqala wokukhula, kusuka eminyakeni engu-9 kuye kweyi-12, kusuka kuma-25 kuye kwangama-35, iminyaka engama-40. Lezi zigaba zihlukaniswe ngombandela ebusheni, ebudaleni nasebudaleni. Ososayensi bachaza amacala lapho ibhere lalinesisindo esingama-200 kg lapho lineminyaka engama-35 kanye nama-400 kg eneminyaka eyi-8.

ESouth Kamchatka Reserve, kwakukalwa owesilisa oneminyaka eyi-8. Isisindo sayo ekuqaleni kukaJuni sasingu-410 kg, ukuphakama kwaso kwakucishe kube ngamamitha ayi-2,5, kanti isifuba saso sasingamamitha ayi-1.5 ububanzi. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ekuqaleni kwekwindla wayengathola kalula ngaphezulu kwama-450 kg. Ngakho-ke, ukuba khona kweziqhwaga iqiniso elingenakuphikwa. Amadoda amakhulu anesisindo esingu-400 kg futhi ayi-600 ahlala eKamchatka. Futhi umuntu omkhulu kunabo bonke unesisindo esingu-700 kg.

Umbala woboya uhlukile ngisho nakubantu abahlala endaweni eyodwa. Umbala onsundu ovame kakhulu, kepha kukhona nokukhanya okukhanyayo, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye nomthunzi omnyama ocishe ube mnyama. Isikhathi sokuphila esibalelwa eminyakeni engama-20. Ekuthunjweni, amabhere aphila iminyaka engama-50.

Umsebenzi webhere laseKamchatka

Amabhere Kamchatka aphile impilo esebenzayo kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Okthoba; alala ebusika. Lezi yizilwane ezizodwa. Owesilisa uhlala endaweni eyodwa, insikazi inamathole - enye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amawundlu aneminyaka emibili ubudala, ama-pestoons, esiza umama ukunakekela abafowethu, uhlala nezingane. Imingcele yendawo yomuntu ngamunye yehlukile futhi ifinyelela kumahektha amaningi. Kaningi abesilisa banamadoda amaningi kunabesifazane. Amabhere agada iziza zawo ngomhawu, amaka lawo ngephunga lawo bese ashiya imidwebo ezihlahleni - i-badass

Ukudla okuyinhloko kwebhele leKamchatka izinhlanzi, ikakhulukazi i-salmon. Kepha kuze kufike isikhathi sokuhlwayeka, izilwane zidla emadlelo. Ibhere elambile elisanda kuvela ekushayweni lungadla ama-gophers nezidumbu zezilwane ezifile, izinambuzane, amasele nezintuthwane. Amabhere ansundu enza ukufuduka ngezikhathi ezithile lapho eyofuna ukudla. Entwasahlobo udla ezigodini, lapho iqhwa liyancibilika lapho ngaphambili. Lapho-ke phakathi kwezimbali, futhi phakathi nehlobo kwehlela ehlathini lapho amajikijolo namantongomane avuthiwe. Eduze nekwindla, amabhere athuthela ezindaweni ezinwebayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bathola izindawo zokuqongelela izinhlanzi ngokunembe. I-Salmon iqukethe amanoni amaningi, esiza izilwane ukuthi ziphile isikhathi eside sokulala ebusika. Ibhele elikhulile lingadla amakhilogremu ayi-100 ezinhlanzi ngosuku.

Umsebenzi omkhulu kulezi zilwane ekuseni nakusihlwa. Kuyo yonke intwasahlobo, ihlobo kanye nokuwa kokuqala, athola amanoni angaphansi, bese ayacwazimula. Owokuqala ukulala omama abe namawundlu, bese kuba abesifazane besifazane abakhulelwe, bese kuba ngabesilisa abadala. Ukulala kuthatha izinyanga ezingama-5-6 ngonyaka, kuze kufike ezinsukwini ezingama-195, kusukela ngo-Okthoba kuze kube ngu-Ephreli. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi inqubo yokulala ingadonsa kuze kube nguDisemba. Amabhere anamazinyane alala isikhathi eside, amaduna amadala alala kancane.

Amabhere athola noma enza imigodi emigodini eyomile, lapho kunesivunguvungu somoya esiningi khona. Zingahlala ngaphansi kwezimpande zezihlahla ezisontekile. Kwesinye isikhathi amabhere agaya ubhangi emhlabathini noma ahlala emihumeni nasemifantwini yamatshe. Ukulala kwebhere, ngokujulile. Uma kwenzeka ingozi noma ukukhathala, angavuka ahambe ayofuna ukudla nendawo entsha angalala kuyo. Kwesinye isikhathi ngezikhathi ezomile noma zemvula, izilwane azinaso isikhathi esenele sokwakha uwoyela onqenqemeni futhi zingahle zingahambuki nakancane. Amabhere anjalo abizwa ngokuthi izinduku zokuxhuma. Bazulazula ehlathini beyofuna ukudla futhi baba yingozi kubantu.

Mayelana namabhere Kamchatka

Ibhere laseKamchatka akuyona enye yezinto ezikhangayo kuphela esifundeni, kodwa futhi nengxenye ehlukile yebhere elinsundu. Izazi ze-zoologists zithi zihlukile ngamabhere ajwayelekile ngosayizi omkhulu namazinyane amade amabhere.

Amabhere ama-brown ahlala kuma-95% we-Kamchatka Territory, okungukuthi, angatholakala cishe noma kuphi, ngaphandle kwezindawo ezinkulu, iziqongo zezintaba ezigcwele iqhwa neziphepho eziwugwadule. Kepha lokhu akunembile, ngakho-ke, nangezikhathi zohambo lwe-ski, asikucebisi ukuthi ukhohlwe ngokuphepha kwebhere.

Ibhele liyisilo esimangazayo futhi eKamchatka likhetha ukudla inhlanzi, hhayi inyama. Ngakho-ke, izivakashi eziningi zivame ukuhlangana nabo emifuleni, emachibini kanye nasolwandle olwandle. Amabhere Kamchatka angabadobi abahle kakhulu, bayakwazi ukudoba ngokugxuma, ngokuthinta nangendlela yepeni emanzini angajulile.

Ungakugwema kanjani ukuhlangana nebhere

Uma ungeyena udokotela wezilwane ofunda izinombolo, imikhuba nempilo yamabhere, ngakho-ke kungcono ukungazami ukuhlangana nalaba bantu abazingelayo. Sikhuluma ngemithetho eyisisekelo ezosiza ukugwema ukuthandana okungafuneki:

ungahlali ekamu ezindaweni lapho amabhere edla khona. Uma ubone ijazi lebhere noma imidwebo yonyawo lapho kucwaswa kahle ngamajikijolo, bese ukhetha enye indawo yokupaka,

ungabeki amatende lapho upheka futhi ugcina khona ukudla: iphunga lokudla lizoheha ibhere futhi ekuseni ungahle ube nezivakashi ezingazilindele,

ngesikhathi soguquko kanye nama-halts enza umsindo, cula izingoma, ukhulume kakhulu - lapha akusilo ithoni elibi, kepha isiqinisekiso sokuphepha,

uhambe ngamaqembu amakhulu, ikakhulukazi "emahlahleni" - kungcono ukukwenza lokhu ngabalingani bekamu kunokuba nebhere ufuna amajikijolo.

Vikela imingcele yekamu. Amabhere awathandi iphunga le-pungent, ngakho-ke amasokisi angcolile nezingubo zangaphansi ozifake emathendeni kuzowesabisa,

Ungadobi ezindaweni zebhere. Yebo, futhi unelungelo lokudla izinhlanzi ezintsha, kepha uma ubona ukuthi ibhere iyakuhlala, ungayifuni le ndawo, ngaphandle kwalokho ibhere izokufuna ukubanjwa kwakho,

ungathathi imikhiqizo enephunga elinamandla noma imikhiqizo yokuhlanzeka phezulu, amabhere anephunga elihle kakhulu futhi uqinisekile ukuthi unentshisekelo ngephunga elingajwayelekile,

qikelela inhlanzeko yendawo yekamu, ushise imfucuza yokudla ngokushesha ngemuva kokudla.

Yini okufanele uyenze lapho uhlangana nebhere laseKamchatka?

uma ibhele likuqaphele, kepha lingasondeli, likusabise ngokukhala kwezinto zensimbi: izinkezo, imimese, izikebhe noma imisindo enkulu, ukukhala,

uma ubona ibhere ngaphambi kokukuthola, bese ushiya indawo yomhlangano ngokucophelela.

uma ubona ibhere elihlekisayo eliseceleni kwendlela, ifreyimu ethembisa ukunqoba emncintiswaneni wezithombe, ungakhiphi ikhamera, kepha ushiye ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka - kukhona umama othukuthele eduze,

hlela uhambo lwakho ukuze izinguquko zikhawulelwe emahoreni asemini. I-Twilight yisikhathi semisebenzi ekhethekile ye-bearish,

ukwethusa ibhere, ukusebenzisa amasiginali wokuzingela nezinto ezifana nesibhamu - amabhere anomqondo obukhali nenkumbulo enhle kakhulu, ngakho-ke, lapho eke wabhekana nabazingeli, ngokuzayo ngeke basondele,

musa ukubalekela ibhere. Ngaphandle kokuhamba kancane, umlobi onenhloso angakwazi ukusheshisela ku-50 km / h,

ubalekela ibhere, ungaphendukeli kuye - ngakho-ke ulahlekelwa ngokuphelele ukulawula isimo,

uma ibhere inesithakazelo kuwe, bese uzama ukuba mkhulu kune-bhere: ima ezinzwaneni zakho, uvule ijakhethi yakho, uphakamise isikhwama sakho sangemuva lekhanda lakho. Ibhere liyaqiniseka ukuthi akekho omkhulu kule peninsula, ngakho-ke isidalwa esikhulu esingajwayelekile siyamphoqa ukuthi ashiye eceleni.

Ngemuva kokuba uhlangane nebhere, iphathe njengedlova elinokhahlo futhi elingalindeleki, kungakhathalekile ubukhulu nobungako bobuhlobo bayo. Musa ukuya kuphawu lweKamchatka futhi ungazami ukuthatha nalo. Khumbula ukuthi usesendle, lapho ukuziphatha okulula kungakubizela impilo noma impilo.

Benzani abafundisi be-Peak ukuze baphephe?

IKamchatka Krai ngesinye sezifunda ezithandwa kakhulu yiPeak. Asigcini ngokuhamba ngezinyawo nje nangohambo olusebenzayo oluya eKamchatka, kodwa futhi sinikeza ukuphepha okukhulu kwebhere emizileni:

senza izingcaphuno ze-anti-bear futhi sitshele imithetho yokuziphatha lapho sihlangana nezilwane zasendle ngosuku lokuqala lokuhamba,

uma sihlangana ne-clubfoot sithatha amasilinda we-pepper, ukuvusa imishayo, amakhwela nezimpawu zomzingeli,

asiwavumeli amabhere ukuthi aye ekamu, sibeka izimbotshana ezisondelene nazo ezimbozwe uviniga,

geza izitsha ngokushesha ngemuva kokudla ukuze kunganiphunga elisele kuso,

gcina ukudla kude namatende,

ikakhulukazi ama-Kamchatka hikes, sithatha amaqembu amakhulu abantu abangafika kwabangu-23 ukuze amabhere angalokothi asondele.

Amabhere ansundu ansundu waseKamchatka adume ngobungane bawo. Kepha, njengabantu, bawela ezimweni zokuphila ezahlukahlukene futhi babe nokuhlangenwe nakho okuhlukile: enye ibuthakathaka, enye ilambile, kanti eyesithathu yondliwa izivakashi. Akunakwenzeka ukubikezela ngokuziphatha kwe-bearish, ngakho-ke ukuhlangana okuhle kakhulu nomhlaseli onsundu yinto eyodwa engazange ibe khona. Kodwa ungesabi amabhere, qaphela ukuthi ungaboni i-Kamchatka!

Ukuphepha ohambweni

Ukuhamba ngezinyawo manje ulwandle, ukusuka ekuhambeni okulula esitimeleni ngempelasonto kuya kohambo olujabulisayo lokuya ePeru. Ukuhamba umgwaqo omude, izindawo ezintsha, ukubukwa okumangazayo. Ukuhlolwa kokukhuthazela nokuzinqoba. Impilo elula enezinto ezimbalwa.

Contraindication ekhuphuka i-Elbrus

Impumelelo yokwenyuka ithintwa yizinto ezahlukahlukene. Uma kungenakwenzeka ukubikezela isimo sezulu, khona-ke isimo somzimba, isimo sempilo, isimo sokuziphatha - yilokhu esingakwazi ukukuthonya. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngezifo.

Kuthatha malini ukuya e-Altai

Umhlaba omuhle kakhulu owakhiwe uvela ezintabeni ezithulekile, emaphethini ayinqaba yemifula namachibi asolwandle. Kufakwe izinganekwane namafu u-Altai.Ngokwenkambiso yakudala, uNkulunkulu wanquma ukudala indawo yokuthula nenjabulo emhlabeni, ebizwa nge-Falcon, iDeer neCedar futhi.

Ukudla kweKamchatka Bear

Isisekelo sokudla kwebhele leKamchatka akuyona inyama, kodwa inhlanzi. Umuthi owuthandayo wamabhele isalmon, equkethe amafutha amaningi, ngenxa yalokhu isilwane sibekezelela kahle ubusika beKamchatka. Owesilisa omkhulu omdala ungadla cishe ama-100 kg wesalimoni ngosuku.

I-Kamchatka brown bear (i-Ursus arctos).

Amabhere aseKamchatka asengene ngezindlela eziningi zokudoba: ngokugxuma, ngokuthinta, kanye nengwadla yezinyamazane emanzini angajulile. I-Salmon iyisakhi esiyinhloko se-Kamchatka bear ekudleni, kepha hhayi ukuphela kwaso. Imifula ayihlali inenhlanzi eningi, ngakho izinyanga eziningi lezi zilwane ezinkulu kufanele zidle amantongomane namajikijolo.

Iphuma ekuqothulweni, ibhere iziphonsa ngentshiseko kunoma yisiphi isidalwa esiphilayo, ngokwesibonelo, ochwepheshe. Kepha ezilwaneni ezinkulu ezinegazi elifudumele, la mabhere akayona ingozi, ngoba akhetha ukudla okwenziwe ngemifino, kuze kufike imihlambi eminingi yesalimoni emifuleni yeKamchatka. Ehlobo, iKamchatka ithwala amadlelo, ifuna amajikijolo emigodini nasezigudle zemifula. Ukuhlala emanzini eqhwa amahora amaningi akubangeli ukuthi iKamchatka ithwale noma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka.

Ngenkathi ebandayo, amabhere aphazanyiswa izilwane ezincane, amajikijolo, amakhambi.

Impilo yamabhere eKamchatka

I-Kamchatka Peninsula ingenye yezindawo ezimbalwa lapho izilwane zingakhululeka khona, wonke amabele ayisithupha eRussia ahlala lapha. Okwamanje, amabhere angaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-20 atholakala peninsula. Lesi siphetho sanikezwa izazi zebhayoloji ezahlaziya imiphumela yokubalwa kwabantu bebhere.

Akukacaci ukuthi mangaki amabhere angazingelwa ngaphandle kokudela usayizi wabantu. Isimo esivame ukwamukelwa ezweni lethu sabhekwa njenge-70%. Kepha njengamanje, kufundwe imindeni engaphezu kwenkulungwane, ngenxa yalokho kwaziwa ukuthi isibalo sabantu siyanda minyaka yonke ngokwesilinganiso esihle kakhulu esingu-15-20%. Kucacile ukuthi kungani ukuzingela, ukuzingela kanye nokukhethwa kwemvelo kungasebenzisi ukwehla kwesibalo sabantu. Ngokungangabazeki, inani elikhulu kakhulu lamabhere ahlala eKamchatka, azikho izinombolo ezinjalo kwenye indawo.

Ngokusho kocwaningo, ibhere elikhulu kunawo wonke lavela eKamchatka, ngosayizi lize leqa ibhere elimnyama.

I-Kamchatka brown luhlobo olusha ngokuphelele lwesigaba sebhere yase-Asia brown, okuthi kuyo okuningi ikudlule ngosayizi nesisindo somzimba. Lezi zamabhere amakhulu zikhumbuza ngokwengeziwe amabhere asendulo, zinkulu ngokulinganayo futhi zinesibindi.

Lezi zilwanyana ezinkulu ezidla izindwani zihlala ezindaweni ezisogwini lwepeninsula, lapho kukhona khona izimila eziningi, ama-salmon amaningi ahlala futhi amajikijolo amaningi akhula. Ngenxa yokudubula okuncane nobuningi bokudla, lezi zilwanyana ezinkulu zikwazile ukusinda, ziphila iminyaka eminingi, zizalela ngenkuthalo. Iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50, abazingeli bebengazi ngobukhona bamabhere amakhulu amaKamchatka, kepha namuhla bavulelekile ukuzingela.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.

Kamchatka amabhere nempucuko

Akunandaba ukuthi kuyahlekisa kanjani, kodwa abaningi ngokungathi sína babuza, "Ingabe unamabhere uhamba emigwaqweni?" ! ".

Masibehkane nayo - kunamacala lapho ibhere ngenxa yesizathu esithile noma kwesinye lizulazula ngemikhawulo yedolobha, kodwa amacala anjalo awavamile kakhulu. Kepha awekho amadolobha amaningi eKamchatka, ngamanye amagama, amathathu: iPetropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Yelizovo neVilyuchinsk. Izindawo ezisele ziphansi kakhulu ngosayizi futhi, ngenxa yalokho, azesabi ibhere, owaba nentshisekelo ngokuthile.

Futhi yini isilwane sasendle esingaba nentshisekelo kuyo lapho kuhlalwa khona? Impendulo ilula - ukudla!

Qaphela ukuthi abantu akukhona ukudla kwamabhere! Qaphela ukuthi umuntu akukhona ukudla kwabo, futhi izilwane zasendle, kubandakanya amabhere, zikhangwa ezindaweni lapho umuntu elahla khona imfucuza yokudla, lokhu kungukungabizi okungabizi kubo, okugqamile ekunambithekeni futhi kunuka okuthakazelisa ngokwengeziwe.

Amabhere nabavakashi

Ubudlelwano phakathi kwamabhere nabavakashi buyinkimbinkimbi futhi buhlukahlukene. Iqiniso ngukuthi izinhloso zezivakashi zaseKamchatka zingahluka (ngokushesha sikhipha abazingeli kanye nabazingeli kulolu hlu): othile uza ukuhambela izindawo ezithokozisayo, ukukhuphuka intaba-mlilo, futhi abenzele lokho abangakuthanda impela ukubona ibhere , kepha kuphela ebangeni lokudutshulwa kwecan can =), umuntu undiza lapha ukubona ibhere eduze ngangokunokwenzeka: abathwebuli bezithombe, abathwebuli bevidiyo kanye nabathandi bezilwane zasendle kuphela. Noma yisiphi isigaba owela kuso, kubalulekile ukuthi ube nomuntu onolwazi lokuhlala eKamchatka endle, umuntu oseke wasebenzelana namabhere, uyazi imikhuba yawo futhi uyaqonda ukuthi kufanele aziphathe kanjani ukuze angahlangani nebhere. ngokuvamile, noma ukuhlangana, kepha kuphephile. Ngakho-ke - ungazinaki izinkomba ezinolwazi ezinolwazi.

Ngakho-ke - ungazinaki izinkomba ezisebenza ngolwazi. Umhlahlandlela onolwazi uzokutshela okufanele ukwenze futhi ungenzi ukuze uvikele ukuhlangana nebhere, usize ukwethusa ibhere enelukuluku, uchaze inqubo uma umhlangano wenzekile.

Uma usahlangana

Amathiphu ambalwa wokuthi wenzeni futhi ungenzi uma usenqume ukwazi amabhele waseKamchatka:

• Uma usabona ibhere, ungazami ukumkhohlisa ngokudla, umondle nokunye - lokhu kuzokwenza ukuthi ibhere iqonde ukuthi unokudla okutholakalayo, uzokulandela futhi angakulimaza kakhulu wena noma labo abazobe belandela indlela efanayo .
• Zama ukungethuki!
• Hlanganisa konke! Kude kude, inkampani yakho izobonakala kuye into ehlaba umxhwele futhi enesimangaliso, futhi uzokwazi ukuthi akekho noyedwa eqenjini olahlekile futhi uzulazula endaweni ethile emabhasini, ungasoli umuntu omjwayele omusha. Ngokuhlaba umxhwele okukhulu, ungaphakamisa isikhwama sempahlana, irabha noma okunye okuvulekile ngaphezu kwekhanda lakho.
• Linganisa ibanga eliya ebhere, ezinye izinto eziningi zixhomekeke kulokhu:
  • Uma kukude nawe, amamitha ukusuka ku-100 nokuningi, khona-ke kufanele ume bese umaka ubukhona bakho, kepha ngaphandle kwemishini ekhethekile, bese ubheka nje ukuthi ibhere izokwenzani. Imvamisa yena, esekuqaphelile, uzozama ukuhamba, udinga nje ukubona ukuthi uyaphi futhi angayi lapho.
  • Uma ibhere ibanga elingamamitha angama-50 ukusuka kuwe futhi / noma isondela, khona-ke akufanele nje wenze umsindo, kepha sebenzisa noma imuphi umshini okhethekile, ozoxoxwa ngokwahlukile. Uma ibhere iwela ngaphesheya, lapho-ke kufanele ubheke ngapha nangapha ucabange, mhlawumbe umi emendweni wayo ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukuthi uzitholele eceleni uzitholele futhi uyiyeke leyo ndawo.
  • Uma kungakhathalekile ukuthi uyaphi, ibhere lisaya kuwe, kufanele uzame “ukwephula” ibanga phakathi kwakho ngosizo lwe, isibonelo, isikhwama sangemuva, futhi kancane, ngaphandle kokujikisa ibhele lakho uligcine lingabonakali (kepha ungabheki emehlweni , emhlabeni wezilwane lokhu kuwuphawu lobutha), buyela emuva. Isilwane sizoba nentshisekelo ezintweni zakho futhi siphazanyiswe kuwe, ngaleyo ndlela sinikeze ithuba lokuhamba. Kufanelekile futhi nokulungiselela imishini ekhethekile yokuvikela kude.

Amabhere namazinyane

Ngingathanda futhi ukusho ngamawundlu nonina babo - ukubukeka kobuso obuncane nokufisayo kungadala ubumnene ngisho naphakathi kwabavakashi kakhulu, futhi omama babo bakulungele ukuba yintaba yezingane zabo! Ngoba:

• Siphindaphinda konke okungenhla okungenani amahlandla amabili!
• Akunjalo, noma ngabe sithanda kangakanani, asondli, asenzi i-iron, singagijimisi ukuthwebula amathole!

Umama onamawundlu.

Ukuvikela Bear

Ngokwehlukana, ngithanda ukukhuluma ngezikhali (sisho izibhamu) nezindlela ezisebenzayo zokuvikela amabhere, ngoba lesi sihloko siphakamisa imibuzo nezimpikiswano eziningi.

Umhlahlandlela onolwazi uvame ukuba nomdwebo omncane wamadivayisi ahlukahlukene (ama-flares aphakanyisiwe, amasiginali wokuzingela, izifutho nokunye) enza umsindo omkhulu, ukugqama okukhanyayo noma iphunga elingathandeki lebhere. Amakhambi anjalo angaba ithuluzi elihle kakhulu lokugwema ukuhlangana nebhere uma kusolwa ukuthi uzulazula endaweni ethile eduzane. Futhi, uma umhlangano wenzeka, khona-ke bangasiza ukumxosha. Ngebhere, yonke le misindo nokushayeka kuyinto engavamile kakhulu ebangela ukwesaba kwezilwane futhi kufaka nomqondo wokuzivikela.

Ngebhere, yonke le misindo nokushayeka kuyinto engavamile kakhulu ebangela ukwesaba kwezilwane futhi kufaka nomqondo wokuzivikela.

Hunter imicibisholo nezimpawu

Ngokwehlukana, ngifuna ukusho mayelana nemicibisholo kanye nezimpawu zokuzingela! Abanye baluleke ukuthi bangenise ngqo ebhele, bethi “lizotshisa umlilo ku-fur no-bhere liyokwesaba”, kepha ukudubula okunjalo kungahlula, kunalokho, kuvuse ibhere ezenzweni ezixakile. Kungcono ukudubula ubheke ngakulesisilwane, ubona ukuthi into "yomlilo" indiza iqonde ngakuye, uzoshesha ukuhamba.

Amahlumela

Kukhona futhi amathini akhethekile we-ketshezi, okuthi, lapho ecindezelwa yinkinobho, adedele ebangeni lamamitha angama-5-7, adale ifu le-caustic. Leli khambi liyasebenza impela uma leli fu lisibekela ubuso bebhere, ngaleyondlela licasula amehlo nekhala. Njengoba kunikezwe iphunga elizwelayo lamabhere, kubo akumnandi kakhulu!

Kepha amathuluzi anjalo, njengoba uqaphele, ayasebenza kude futhi ezandleni zomuntu oqeqeshiwe, kithi, umhlahlandlela. Ngakho-ke, ngempela, akufanelekile ukuletha ukuxhumana okusondelene!

Amagama ambalwa mayelana nezibhamu

Okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuba khona kwezikhali kudala ukuphepha okucatshangwe! Iqiniso ukuthi akusilo iqiniso ukuthi ungalisebenzisa ngendlela efanele nangekhono. Abaningi, bazi ukuthi othile eqenjini unezibhamu, baqala ukungayinaki eminye imithetho yokuziphatha okuphephile endle, bathembela ngokuphelele kuzikhali, ngaleyo ndlela bekhulisa ithuba lokuhlangana nebhere.

Udinga ukwazi ukuthi ibhere akulula kangako ukulibulala uma kunomhlangano ongakulindelekile. Noma ngabe ukubonile ngaphambili, lokhu akusho ukuthi ungadubula ubulale. Ochwepheshe abanokuhlangenwe nakho batusa ukusebenzisa isibhamu njenge- “generator yomsindo” nendlela yokukhombisa ukuthi ungafinyelela ibhere kusuka kude ngokudubula ngaphakathi noma emhlabeni, ufafaza ibhere ngesifutho noma ngomhlaba.

Ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwethu, singasho ukuthi, ngokuya ngemithetho eyisisekelo yokuziphatha endle, ungahamba ngokuphepha ungene ezindaweni zasendle kakhulu futhi amabhere Kamchatka awasoze ahlangana endleleni. Behlisa umoya

Umabhebhana Omangalisayo WaseMpumalanga Ekude

Imininingwane nge-monster Kainyn-kutkh (Irkuyem - elinye igama) yaqala ukuya ukuphrinta maphakathi nekhulu lama-20. Mayelana nebhele elikhulu, abahloli bokuqala basenyakatho, batshele abomdabu baseChukotka. Ngokusho kwabo, isidalwa esingaqondakali sitholakala kakhulu ogwini lweLake Elgygytgyn. Isilo asivamile, kepha siyingozi kakhulu.

Ngokucatshangelwa ukuthi iChukotka yayiyisifunda esinezindawo ezinabantu abaningi futhi esingafundile kangako, abantu abaningi babenendaba yezindaba zesayensi engaziwa njengebhere, futhi ngokushesha baphuma lapho beyifuna.

Lapho ufuna ibhere elikhulu

Omunye wokuqala owakhuluma ngokuningiliziwe ngokulandela umkhondo webhere engaqondakali wayengumcwaningi, umbhali, umhambi - u-Oleg Kuwaev. Njengomsebenzi wephephabhuku i-Around the World, u-Oleg wachitha izinyanga eziningi eChukotka. Ngokusekelwe olwazini olutholwe kubelusi be-reindeer kanye ne-geologists, umcwaningi neqembu lakhe bavakashele izindawo ezingenakufinyeleleka kakhulu esifundeni, bakhuluma nabantu bomdabu.

Ngokuzayo, u-Oleg Kuwaev uzobhala:
“Sizwe izinto eziningi ezithokozisayo. Mayelana nebhere elikhulu elisentabeni, elitholakala ngezikhathi ezithile ezigodini ezikude ze-Anadyr Highlands. Leli bhere likhulu kakhulu futhi linokubi kangangokuba ngisho nokubona kwamathrekhi alo (abelusi bakhombisa ubukhulu bezithrekhi ngezandla), bobabili abantu nezinyamazane bayabaleka. Nokho, leli bhere alijwayelekile, futhi akuwona wonke umelusi owachitha impilo yakhe yonke ezintabeni okwazi ukumbona. ”

Ngesikhathi besesha, abahambi babona amabhere amaningi ansundu, kepha wonke ayejwayelekile.

Ngemuva kokuba ne-Kuwaev, intatheli ekhishwa ngokushicilelwa kweVokrug Sveta uVladimir Orlov waqala ukuyofuna isilo esiseFar East. Uhlela ukuphuma okuningana, akagcini nje ngokuhlola iChukotka, kodwa futhi nenyakatho yeYakutia. Kodwa-ke, lokhu ngeke kulethe noma yimuphi umphumela.

Kepha umbhali u-Albert Miftakhutdinov, enza i-rafting emfuleni i-Enmyvaam, usabona isilo esiyimfihlakalo.

Nakhu akubhala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi:

"Ngemuva kwalokho sambona! Ibhere liginqiwe phakathi kwesithambeka. Sawela umfula, saya emthambekeni. Kwakuyindawo yethu ebabazekayo emnyama onsundu enamamaki akhanyayo ngaphansi kwezimpawu nasezinhlangothini. Kwakuyinto eyodwa nengxenye noma izinkomo ezimbili. Into engenakucatshangwa. Unokuthula. Ngidle utshani kanye namajikijolo. Ngabona amabhele ansundu, amhlangabeze nawo ekhaleni, abahlanganyele emkhankasweni wokubamba nokuthumela amathole amhlophe esiqwini se-Wrangel Island, kodwa angikaze ngiyibone into enjalo ngisho naphakathi kwabelungu. "

Ukubutha imininingwane mayelana nebhele elikhulu, ochwepheshe abakwazanga ukusungula uhla lwalo olulinganisiwe, aluhlangananga iChukotka kuphela, kodwa futhi nengxenye esenyakatho yeKamchatka. Futhi, ngokusekelwe ebufakazini babelusi be-reindeer, abelusi, abazingeli, kungenzeka ukwenza incazelo eningilizayo ngokubonakala kweKainin Kutha. Umthelela obalulekile esifundweni sebhere elikhulu maphakathi nama-80s wenziwa nguProfessor Nikolai Vereshchagin.

Ngabe ibhere ibukeka kanjani i-Irkuyem

Ibhele elikhulukazi uKainyn Kut langaphandle lihluke kakhulu kunhlobo lwesikhumba sanamuhla. Ofakazi bokuzibonela bachaza lesi silo ukuthi sikhulu kakhulu, siphindwe kabili kasayizi webhere ebholeni. Isisindo esilinganiswayo esingu-800-1500 kg. Umdlwane unekhanda elikhulu, umlomo omfishane (wesihlobo), nengxenye yomzimba enamandla yangaphambili. Imilenze yangaphambili igobile, nezikhathi eziyi-1.5-2 ubude kunemilenze yangemuva. Umbala - grey, obomvana-obomvu, mpunga amabala amhlophe entanyeni, esifubeni, emabunzini.

Amavesi nama-Hypotheses

Okusobala kakhulu, kungabhekwa njengombono kaProfessor Vereshchagin. Ngemuva kokufunda lencazelo, uphakamise ukuthi u-Irkuyem ibhere elibhekene nobuso obufushane i-Arctodos, osekhona kuze kube manje. Lesi siphetho senziwa lula ukufana kwangaphandle kwe-giol enkulu yeChukotka kanye ne-fossil bear Arktodos simus.

Phakathi kwezinye izinguqulo ezibekwe phambili ezinye izazi, kungaphawulwa:

• savela emabhele asendulo emhumeni,
• i-hybrid yebhele elinsundu elinomhlophe, noma i-polar ene-kodiak,
• ibhele elinombala onsundu waseSiberia.

Kukhona futhi uhlobo lwenhlobo engajwayelekile engaziwa eyisihlobo esikude sombala onsundu noma ompunga.

IHuge bear Irkuyem eRussia yanamuhla

Umphakathi wesayensi ubhekisa lesi silwane kuma-crestid. Ukuba khona kwayo kuvunyelwe, kepha akufakazelwe. Isilo esikhulu sabangela inzalo enkulu kakhulu kuma-70s nasekuqaleni kwama-80s eminyaka edlule. Kepha lapho, ukusesha okusebenzayo kwamiswa. Iqiniso ngukuthi akukho mininingwane emisha ngeKainin Kut. Eminyakeni engama-30 edlule, akekho noyedwa oke wambona. Lokhu kuholela eziphethweni ezidabukisayo, mhlawumbe u-Irkuyem uphele nya.

Kungacatshangwa ukuthi maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, futhi ngisho nangemva kweminyaka engama-70s, ibhele elimangalisayo lalihlala eMpumalanga Ekude yaseRussia, kodwa inani laso lalilincane kakhulu. Ukondla, isilo esinjalo sidinga indawo ebalulekile. Futhi lapha akunakwenzeka ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi izisekelo zemifula ye-Enmyvaam ne-Anadyr zicebile ngezinhlanzi, amajikijolo, i-elfin yomsedari. Kwakuyilawo mazwe eminyakeni engama-60-70s lapho abakwaKoryaks babakhombisa kubahambi ababehamba beyofuna isilo esingaqondakali.